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Morét, Ulrike. "Gaelic history and culture in mediaeval and sixteenth-century Lowland Scottish historiography." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=124215.
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The subject of this study is attitudes towards Gaelic Scotland to be found in Lowland Scottish historiography of the late fourteenth to the late sixteenth century; the authors examined were John of Fordun, Andrew Wyntoun, Walter Bower, John Mair, Hector Boece, John Leslie and George Buchanan. In the first part of the thesis the historical works were examined with respect to the attitude of each individual author towards the Highlanders of his own time. It was found that the earlier authors - i.e. Fordun, Wyntoun, Bower and Mair - mirror anti-Highland feeling and prejudice that were widespread in their own Lowland surroundings. They further the image of the Highlander as a savage. The later authors, by contrast, look upon their Gaelic contemporaries from a humanistic, or rather, 'primitivistic', point of view: to them the Gaelic Scots with their simple way of life represent the virtuous and noble customs and traditions of the Scottish forefathers. The second part of the thesis was concerned with the historians' presentation of Gaelic kings and kingship. Special attention was paid to their understanding of the Gaelic succession law; here, a lack of comprehension could be noted among the authors, which led to a distorted presentation of the reigns and characters of a number of Gaelic kings of tenth- and eleventh-century Scotland. In this historical part, no substantial difference in presentation could be found between the earlier and the sixteenth-century authors, mainly because the latter did not carry out any historical research of their own. In the case of Fordun, Wyntoun, Bower and Mair, perceptions of Gaelic Scotland are rooted in the traditional negative attitudes of their own times and surroundings; this corresponds to a lack of understanding of aspects of the Gaelic element in Scottish history. The humanist historians, on the other hand, propose a view of Gaelic Scotland which is in opposition to the views of their own Lowland contemporaries, and which they do not back up in their presentations of Scottish history.
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Horsburgh, David Henry Robert. "Gaelic language and culture in north-east Scotland : a diachronic study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262925.
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The thesis outlines the history of the Gaelic language and culture in North-East Scotland which is defined as the old counties of Kincardine, Aberdeen, Banff, Moray and Nairn. After an introductory description of the North-East, the thesis explores the rise of Gaelic culture, the displacement of Pictish culture by Gaelic, and the dominant position of Gaelic in the North-East by the 12th century as indicated in contemporary sources such as the Book of Deer. The thesis also describes the emergence of a linguistic and cultural frontier which endured between the 12th and 19th centuries, the association of Gaelic culture with the concept of the 'wild Scot', and the perception of the Gaidhealtachd as a region distinguished by language, dress and customs. In exploring these themes, particular areas have been commented upon, including, the church, law and administration and the burghs. Changing attitudes to Gaelic language and culture since the Reformation period have been outlined. The effect of Reformation politics on the North-East Gaelic communities, against a background of wider Scottish events, have been charted with frequent resort to contemporary sources such as the Minutes of the SSPCK, the Statistical Accounts and the Decennial Census Reports. The decline of the Gaelic language and culture in the North-East parishes has been traced from the late 17th century down to the 20th century, including some description of the last communities. Finally, an analysis of the Gaelic-speaking community in the city of Aberdeen has been made, focusing on the Gaelic chapel, the Celtic Society and Department at the University, and the evidence of the census for numbers of speakers.
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Macdonald, S. "Social and linguistic identity in the Scottish Gaidhealtachd : A study of Staffin, Isle of Skye." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234301.
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McLeod, Wilson. "Divided Gaels : Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland, 1200-1650 - perceptions and connections /." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://webex.lib.ed.ac.uk/abstracts/mcleod01.pdf.
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Maclean, Coinneach. "The 'Tourist Gaze' on Gaelic Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5178/.
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The Scottish Gael is objectified in an un-modified ‘Tourist Gaze’; a condition that is best understood from a post-colonial perspective. John Urry showed that cultures are objectified by the gaze of a global tourist industry. The unequal power relations in that gaze can be mediated through resistance and the production of staged touristic events. The process leads to commoditisation and in-authenticity and this is the current discourse on Scottish tourism icons. An ethnographic study of tour guiding shows a pattern of (re)-presentation of a silenced and near invisible Gaeldom. By building upon Foucauldian theories of power, Said’s critique of Orientalism’s discourse and Spivak on agency, this unmodified gaze can be explained from a postcolonial perspective. Six related aspects of Gaeldom’s (re)-presentation are revealed ; the discourse of the Victorian invention of Scottish cultural icons, and, by metonymic extension, Gaelic culture; the commoditisation of Gaelic culture in the image of the Highland Warrior; the re-naming of landscape and invention of new place narratives; historical presence by invitation; elision with Irish culture; and, the mute Gael. Combined, the elements of (re)-presentation result in the distancing and the rendering opaque of Gaelic culture. The absence of informed mediators, either tourist authorities or individuals, the lack of an oppositional narrative and the pervasive discourse of invention reduces the Gael to a silenced subaltern ‘other’. Thus the unmediated tourist ‘gaze’ continues. This exceptionally singular condition of Scottish Gaeldom is comprehensible through analysis of Scottish tourism from a postcolonial perspective.
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Milligan, Lindsay. "The role of Gaelic (learners) education in reversing language shift for Gaelic in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158424.
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Extensive literature has argued the important role that education plays in the process of language shift. Within this literature, it is widely acknowledged that education in which the target language is also the medium of instruction can make a positive contribution toward Reversing Language Shift. For users of minoritised languages in particular, having access to education in one’s own language has important status and educational consequences: helping to support the prestige of the target language and also reducing the kinds of educational inequalities that are often associated with minoritised languages. In keeping with the prime importance of language-as-medium education to language planning goals, there is a growing body of research which focuses upon Gaelic Medium Education in Scotland. The role that second or additional language education can play in Reversing Language Shift is acknowledged to a much lesser extent. This is especially true within the context of Scotland, where the relevant education provision within state secondary schools, Gaelic (Learners) Education, has only received passing recognition. This thesis aimed to address this gap in knowledge about the way in which education contributes to development goals for Gaelic in Scotland by questioning what, if any, role the Gaelic (Learners) Education programme has to play in the reversal of language shift. The first aim of the dissertation was to identify a theoretical foundation for the role that second or additional language education can play in Reversing Language Shift. Several prominent theoretical approaches were reviewed and a hypothesis posed that Gaelic (Learners) Education was beneficial to both Acquisition and Status development. Subsequent analyses of policies at the macro, meso, and micro levels confirmed the relevance of this hypothesis. However, it was also found that there was a lack of overt policy acknowledgement for Gaelic (Learners) Education in Scotland overall, suggesting that the stream was not regarded as being particularly relevant to Reversing Language Shift. The next aim of the thesis was to clarify the ways in which the stream could be used to help contribute to the reversal of language shift. This focused on identifying areas in which this educational programme could be improved. Using data elicited in semi-structured interviews with education professionals and gathered through surveys of pupils within GLE classes, several blockages for Gaelic (Learners) Education could be identified including aspects of capacity, opportunity and attitudes.
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MacDonald, Fiona Anne. "Ireland and Scotland : historical perspectives on the Gaelic dimension 1560-1760." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389677.
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This thesis provides a general overview of the links between the Scottish Gaels of the western seaboard of Scotland and the Gaelic-speaking peoples of Ireland, especially of Ulster, between 1560 and 1760. It covers a period of dramatic transformation in Gaelic society, from the age of Reformation to the collapse of Jacobitism and the decline of clanship. The focus of fresh interpretation is on religious, social and, to a lesser extent, economic links, but political, military and cultural connections are also considered, in order to reach an understanding of the encompassing historical perspective which governs the relationship between the Gaels. Most connections in 1560 were related to the trade in Highland mercenaries to Ulster and Connacht, and to the growing territorial aspirations of a small colony of MacDonald settlers in Antrim. The Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the coterminous completion of the Tudor conquest of Ireland had a number of consequences on pan-Gaelic relations. The mercenary trade came to an end, leading to the creation a pool of redundant swordsmen in both countries. Highlanders were officially excluded from the plantation of Ulster in 1610, which introduced more of an Englishspeaking dimension to Scoto-Irish relations. In physical terms, the presence of English and Lowland Scots settlers in the north of Ireland divided the Gaels. In order to survive in Ulster, the MacDonnells of Antrim were forced to conform to the government in Dublin. This rendered the split between them and the Clan Donald South in Scotland permanent, and further undermined Gaelic solidarity in Ulster. The pan-Gaelic military connection is traced from the mercenary trade through the political realignment of 1603, to the Royalism of the civil war period when the Gaels entered the national arena, and finally to the limited links of the first and last Jacobite rebellions. The contribution made by the Gaels to each other's religious heritage was substantial. The factors which rejuvenated and sustained Catholicism in the Highlands and Islands after the Reformation are examined, particularly the role of the first missionaries, who were almost exclusively Irish regulars. During the seventeenth century, Irish Franciscans, Vincentians, Dominicans, Barnabites, lay Capuchins and secular priests were present on the Highland mission who, by the end of the century, were all working together under the Scottish secular mission head. In the eighteenth century, the number of Irish dropped as native Highlanders assumed responsibility for the mission. Conversely, the role of Gaelic-speaking ministers in the Church of Ireland, and in the presbyterian church in Ulster from the late sixteenth century, is examined. The contribution of Gaelic-speaking, University-educated Scots to the embryonic Protestant Church in Ireland, when few Irish-speakers were conforming, was particularly significant. There was a considerable volume of commercial traffic across the North Channel, both legitimate trade and smuggling, in which the Gaelic elite played their part. The trade in military contraband iv and victuals during the Ulster rebellion (1594-1603), the grain trade, the Highland fishing industry in the late seventeenth century and their expeditions to Ireland, and the leasing of west coast forests by Irish tanning merchants in the eighteenth century, are all evaluated. There was also a substantial smuggling trade in salt, fish, grain, livestock, and various incidental items. The various factors between 1560 and 1760 which resulted in the permanent settlement of Highlanders in Ireland are elucidated, as well as the seasonal interchange of migrant workers and refugees from ecclesiastical and judicial discipline. Periods of war and the political realignment after them usually affected migration, and there was, thus, substantial Scottish settlement in Ireland in the Cromwellian period and after the 1690 Revolution, when land devastated by warfare was made available for settlement. On a more occasional basis, evidence indicates that Highlanders most often fled to Ulster to escape sanction, whereas the Irish were most attracted by the better provision made for poor relief in Scotland, particularly in Argyll and the southern Isles. Cultural links between the Gaels, which have proved most enduring in the long term, were marked in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries by the movement of Scots to Ireland to be educated in the traditional schools of learning, particularly in the medical and bardic disciplines, but also to study with virtuoso musicians. With the decline in Gaelic institutions in both countries, cultural ties between the Gaels became less formal. Those pursuing a medical career either became apprentice apothecaries or enrolled at universities, though musicians continued to travel in the Gaidhealtachds without attention to national boundary. Many more from the Gaelic learned class redeployed into the ranks of the Established Church in Scotland or the Catholic Church in Ireland. Throughout the thesis there are undertones of the antipathy which existed between the Campbells of Argyll, and the MacDonalds of Kintyre and Islay, their offshoot the MacDonnells of Antrim, and various clans previously associated with the Lordship of the Isles, who tended to take opposing sides in any conflict because of their antagonistic stance towards each other. Attitudes among clans on the western seaboard to the role of the Campbells as agents of the government was an important factor in the polarisation of the Highland clans in the 1640s civil war and during the Jacobite rebellions, into Stewart and government camps. Included in the traditionalist stance was a concept of a pan-Gaelic unity connecting the Gaels of Ireland and Scotland. Though, by the end of the seventeenth century, this had little basis in reality, the idea was fostered and developed, almost exclusively by the MacDonald bards, probably as part of an anachronistic identification with the role of the Lordship and the MacDonalds' own long-term relationship with Ireland. Nonetheless, it is worthy of note that it is the MacDonald viewpoint which significantly colours surviving concepts of Scottish Gaelic history.
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Pollock, Irene. "The acquisition of literacy in Gaelic-medium primary classrooms in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29326.
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This thesis analyses the factors affecting the acquisition of literacy in Gaelic medium primary classrooms, including teaching techniques, availability of resources, and support for language development. In order to investigate this issue thoroughly, the background for the study includes an overview of the sociolinguistic situation of Scottish Gaelic, comparison to other minority language revitalisation efforts, discussion of the theories and practice of bilingualism and bilingual education, and an in-depth look at literacy acquisition, from perceptions of literacy and its value to the mechanics of reading in both a first and a second language. The core of the thesis involves extended observational data from seven case-study classrooms. The targeted population is Primary 1 to 3 pupils as this is the intensive period of reading instruction; the research focus is on literacy in Gaelic as the amount of English at this stage is negligible. Interviews and questionnaires involving education authorities, teachers, and parents supplement this data and emphasise the qualitative, ethnographic approach. The specific results are placed in the broader context of the Scottish education system and the Gaelic revitalisation movement. The analysis assesses the effectiveness of literacy acquisition in Gaelic-medium education and addresses some of the challenges related to further development. This thesis concludes that while significant progress has been made in the teaching of literacy in Gaelic medium education, there are several points that are cause for concern, including the nature of teacher training, the provision of sufficient and appropriate resources, and the amount of extra-curricular reading taking place. Examples of best practice from the case-study classrooms are provided as possible solutions to these problems.
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Oliver, James. "Young people and Gaelic in Scotland : identity dynamics in a European region." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269365.
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Chalmers, Douglas. "The economic impact of Gaelic arts and culture." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404680.
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MacLeod, Stewart A. "Language death in Scotland a linguistic analysis of the process of language death and linguistic interference in Scottish Gaelic and Scots language /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59640.
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Jennings, Andrew. "An historical study of the Gael and Norse in western Scotland from c.795 to c.1000." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15749.
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This thesis is an interdisciplinary study with two major objectives, namely to investigate both the cultural and historical developments which took place between c.795 and c.1000 in the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Various types of evidence are examined in order to understand the impact of the Norse upon the preexisting population of Western Scotland and vice versa. In Chapter 1, the onomastic evidence is reviewed in order to isolate the total area of Norse settlement, and to find within it areas where this settlement developed in differing ways. In Chapter 2, I survey the archaeological evidence. Chapter 3 examines the linguistic situation pertaining in the west vis a vis Norse and Gaelic, while Chapter 4 reviews the evidence for the survival or otherwise of Christianity. Particular attention is paid to the investigation of the people called Gall-Gaidheil 'Foreign Gael'. Using onomastics and historical sources, the area of their ethnogenesis is isolated and their linguistic and religious affiliation explored. Chapter 5 examines the evidence for their later presence in Galloway. On the historical side, Chapter 6 investigates the Norse raids and settlement and provides a date for these events. Also in Chapter 6, and in Chapters 7 and 8, I focus upon the political links between the West Highlands and Islands and the kingdoms of Scotland and Dublin during the ninth and tenth centuries.
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Fairney, Janice May. "Highlanders from home : the contribution of the Highland Society and the Gaelic Society of London to Gaelic culture, 1778-1914." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29094.
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This thesis examines the contributions made to Gaelic culture by the Highland Society of London from 1778 and the Gaelic Society of London from 1830. Their members were scathingly called ‘Cockney Gaels’ and their roles have been essentially ignored by both other Highland societies in urban Scotland and by the academic world. Yet these expatriate London Gaels provided leadership for addressing deficiencies and key issues in the homeland. They turned recognition of problems into concerted action, with varying degrees of success. Individual members of both societies were Members of Parliament, and also enjoyed close support from their societies. By harnessing the power of central Government, they were able to bolster and encourage initiatives to improve the life of the Gaels in the homeland. London was an energy centre where much was happening, and the London Gaels used ‘networking’ to their own advantage when they could. In so doing they kept the Gaelic flag flying high in the metropolis of London. Through systematic evaluation mainly from primary sources, this thesis demonstrates how both societies responded to important current concerns. Those identified by the societies were primarily education, highland development and philanthropy. The need for Gaelic worship for Highland migrants in London also had a prominent place. The desire to preserve all aspects of Gaelic culture, including dress, language, literature, music and dance, underpinned their existence. These contributions to Gaelic culture made by the HSL and the GSL paved the way for other Highland societies in Scotland to take up these challenges and to begin new initiatives.
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Meeks, Martha C. "They lived on meat and milk : dairy and diet in Gaelic Scotland, fifteenth through eighteenth centuries, including a glossary of animal husbandry terms, Gaelic to English." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28616.
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The purpose of this thesis is to identify and define how and what food was produced in the Western Islands and Highlands of Scotland, especially from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, and to test the hypothesis that the main dietary items were meat, milk and milk products in many areas of the Gaidhealtachd. This thesis examines the husbanding of animals that was critical to the Gael's livelihood. A dairy economy requires extensive skill with animals and knowledge of animal physiology and behaviour, as well as labour intensive skills for the manufacture of milk products. For many years before the 'improvers' came into the Scottish Highlands, a satisfactory living was obtained from utilising available resources from milk cows, beef and wild game such as deer, salmon, trout and upland game birds. These facts have been underplayed or neglected by many historians, largely because of linguistic difficulties and the scattered nature of the evidence. In order to address this situation and explain it, a scientific foundation has been established in the first two chapters. The third chapter looks at first hand accounts of travellers in the area and their observations regarding available food in a Highland society. It also touches upon certain political events that influenced changes in the daily regime of food production. Chapters four to fifteen provide linguistic analyses of the key word-families under such headings as 'The Milk Cow', 'Dairy Produce', 'Dairy Implements' etc. The sources for these chapters include a wide spectrum of Gaelic literary sources in the form of proverbs, songs, stories etc. This data is supplemented and controlled by data drawn from the principal Gaelic Dictionaries that have furnished animal husbandry words for a 1500 term Gaelic-English glossary which is included as an alphabetical listing within the body of the thesis. Fieldwork with native speakers from the Outer Isles, Skye and the mainland Gaidhealtachd has given a context for these terms, supplementing and complementing the contribution of Gaelic literature and lexicography.
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Macleod, Marsaili. "The meaning of work in the Gaelic labour market in the Highlands and islands of Scotland." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted access until June 5, 2010, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25897.
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Birnie, Ingeborg A. C. ""Gàidhlig ga bruidhinn an seo?" : linguistic practices and Gaelic language management initiatives in Stornoway, the Western Isles of Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237614.
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Gaelic in Scotland has been undergoing language shift, with both a decline in the number of speakers and domains in which the language is routinely used. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act of 2005 aimed to secure the status of the language and under its provision required public authorities based in Scotland to prepare Gaelic language plans. This thesis explored the interplay of these formal language management initiatives and linguistic practices in Stornoway, the largest settlement in the Western Isles, the last remaining heartland of the language in Scotland. Linguistic soundscape surveys collected data in real time and in situ in ten different public spaces, both with and without statutory Gaelic language plans, to assess how, when, and by whom, and for what purpose Gaelic was used. This data was supplemented by eleven language use diaries of bilingual Gaelic/English speakers residing in Stornoway. This quantitative data was used to evaluate individual linguistic practices and how these varied across the different domains of communication, including closed domains not covered by the linguistic soundscape surveys. The findings of this study indicate that Gaelic was not used as extensively as might statistically be expected, but that the language makes a significant contribution to the linguistic soundscape of the community, especially in interactions involving participants over the age of 60 and in private domain interactions. Bilingual Gaelic / English speakers use Gaelic in circumstances where they do not have to (re-)negotiate Gaelic as an accepted linguistic norm. This was especially the case in social networks and closed domains such as places of work or education. Gaelic was used to a lesser extent in public domain interactions, and only where members of staff used Gaelic in the linguistic soundscape of that particular space.
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Brunsden, George M. "Vernacular literary culture in Lowland Scotland, 1680-1750." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368335.
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Foster, Mark Ryan. "Norse shielings in Scotland : an interdisciplinary study of setr/sætr and ærgi-names." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33203.
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This is a study of the Old Norse (hereafter abbreviated to ON) setr/sætr and ærgi place-names in areas of Scandinavian settlement in Scotland. The elements setr/sætr and ærgi all have a general meaning of a place for summer grazing in the hills, referred to in Scotland as a shieling. However, the related terms setr and sætr, are employed as shielings names in Norway and are indistinguishable from each other in Britain. It is only in areas of Scandinavian settlement in Britain and the Faroes that ærgi is found to signify a shieling site. The element ærgi was adopted as a loanword from either, the Scottish Gaelic àirigh or Irish áirge, both of which can also have the meaning of a shieling. What is unusual about this adoption is it is rare for a more prestigious speech community (ON in this instance) to adopt a word from, what is believed to have been, a less prestigious language at the time (Gaelic). Various scholars have looked at this question, but none have adequately explained the reason for the adoption. Much of the previous research has relied on comparisons of local farming systems that were recorded many centuries after the Viking Age. Farming techniques from the fifteenth to twentieth century are unlikely to adequately represent the agricultural situation in the Viking Age due to different social imperatives. The overall question I want to answer in this thesis, is why Scandinavian settlers in Scotland adopted ærgi, when they already had corresponding ON terms for a shieling. The distribution of ON settlement names is one of the main pieces of evidence to prove Scandinavian settlement in Scotland during this period. This is especially true of secondary settlements, such as shielings, which rarely feature in early documentation. The language shift to either Gaelic or Scots-English is likely to have led to the loss of many ON place-names, but will also have fossilised some names in the landscape. The location of these settlement names can give an understanding of how Scandinavian settlers utilised the landscape and highlight differences in the use of different shieling names. This thesis is interdisciplinary in nature, but one based on cultural and historical geography. The first element of the study is to understand why shielings developed in Scandinavian society and if there are identifiable environmental factors behind their location. Studies in Norway suggest shielings developed as a response to environmental constraints to agriculture and social pressures to produce a surplus. A locational study of shielings in areas that were the likely origin of Viking settlers in Norway, highlighted seven key locations for shielings. These locational factors were then compared to setr/sætr-names in Scotland. The locations were broadly similar to Norwegian shielings, however, Scottish setr/sætr-names were more likely to be situated in slightly more fertile locations than Norwegian examples studied. A comparison of Scottish setr/sætr-names with ærgi-names also revealed the latter to be more likely found on even richer grazing land. The conclusion being, setr/sætr had a more general meaning of a place for summer grazing, whereas, ærgi was specifically linked to richer soils and richer grazing land. This link may relate to an intensive dairy economy, something which is known from contemporary documentary sources from the Gaelic world, but has not been proven in pre-Viking Age Norway.
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Maclean, Roderick Gilmour. "A comparative study investigating education and language policy in Scotland (with respect to Gaelic) and Israel (with respect to Hebrew)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429897.
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Simpson, N. E. "Narrative, historical representation and collective identity in the Gaelic literatures of Ireland and Scotland pertaining to the period 1914-1918." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676736.
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This thesis explores the role of historical narrative in the development and propagation of collective identities in the context of Irish and Scottish Gaelic literature pertaining to the Great War and 1916 Easter Rising. The comparative approach reveals strong parallels in regards to the phases of literary development in both nations, charting the progression from folk-based corpora linked closely to the oral tradition to modern - and frequently modernist - literature. Research questions consider the impact of literary style and techniques upon the historical interpretations and associated collective identities projected by the texts, highlighting clear patterns of correlation between content and form. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first explores the development of historical representation and discourse in the Gaelic literatures across the genres of poetry, short-story, the novel and, autobiography. A key concern is the manner in which literary modernism has facilitated the revision of earlier. narratives and the articulation of more complex identities. Drawing upon White's theories, the role of the narrative medium in historical representation is also considered and attention drawn to modernist attempts to undermine this practice and thus subvert history itself. Chapter Two discusses the identities advanced in the texts in more detail with recourse to the various markers deployed to delineate group boundaries and distinguish members from outsiders. Of particular interest is the simultaneous co-existence of multiple identities in both Ireland and Scotland and the interaction - and particularly the discrepancy - between differing interpretations of identity. Finally, Chapter Three analyses the manner in which later works have contributed to a re-appraisal of earlier representations. This chapter also examines texts portraying the commemoration of the Great War and Easter Rising and queries the extent to which anniversaries serve as a forum for the questioning of both the contemporary state of the nation and dominant historical narratives.
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Thanisch, Eystein Patrick. "The reception and use of Flann Mainistrech and his work in medieval Gaelic manuscript culture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31002.
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Flann Mainistrech (active c. 1014 to 1056) is well-attested in medieval and post-medieval Gaelic manuscripts and in early printed works on Irish history as an authority on history and literary tradition. He appears to have been an ecclesiastical scholar, based at Monasterboice (modern Co. Louth, Ireland), but potentially operating within wider ecclesiastical and political networks. Almost fifty texts or fragments of texts, mostly poems, are at some point attributed to him. Their subject-matter includes the regnal history of early medieval Irish kingdoms, legendary material on Ireland and the Gaels’ more distant past, universal and classical history, hagiography, and genealogical traditions. In addition, various sources are extant that concern Flann Mainistrech as a character. Most imply that he was considered a pre-eminent authority; some go further and provide impressionistic sketches of his scholarship and locating him in certain social or political settings. The secondary literature on medieval Gaelic authors like Flann has been largely concerned with establishing what can be securely stated about their historical biographies and with delineating reliable corpora of their works. In addition, there has been much discussion around whether medieval Gaelic literature is to be fundamentally characterised as secular or ecclesiastical. Recently, however, studies have begun to focus less on the literal realities of medieval authorship and more on how authorship was conceived in the Middle Ages, how it functioned as a form of authority, and how it might have been used or constructed within texts’ or manuscripts’ overall argumentation. In response, in this thesis, I survey manuscript materials and early printed works relating to Flann Mainistrech and discuss how his status as an author-figure relates to his identity as an individual, considering how he was interpreted in different contexts, the extent to which later scribes or compilers used or manipulated his identity, and what made him useful or applicable to them. After analysing the textual material in light of these issues, I conclude that Flann was consistently placed in certain definable historiographical and biographical contexts and that his authority may thus have been tied to this specific characterisation. However, presentations of Flann can vary quite dramatically in emphasis, while close examination of material attributed to him and their contexts within compilations and manuscripts reveals appropriation of his perspective, pseudonymous use of his identity, and re-contextualisation of his purported work according to later compilers’ interests and priorities. Relatively consistent treatment of his persona is thus ostensibly juxtaposed with dynamic, creative reading practices. Yet such conclusions are overshadowed by evidence, also considered in this study, suggesting that what survives of the manuscript tradition may well fall short of being representative both of Flann’s actual biography and of his textual persona. As well as offering a case study into medieval Gaelic concepts of authorship, authority, and textuality, this thesis also necessarily presents more basic analyses of previously under-explored and, in a few cases, unedited texts that come to be of relevance. Several such texts are printed and translated in Appendices.
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Testa, Denise A. "'A bastard Gaelic man' reconsidering the highland roots of Adam Ferguson /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38582.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Humanities and Languages, College of Arts. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bradley, J. M. "Religious identity in modern Scotland : culture, politics and football." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21296.
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The central argument of this thesis is that football in Scotland has acquired characteristics which make it a nationalistic, political and cultural repository. This has its origins in the post-Reformation period in Scotland, Irish immigration into Scotland and Scotland/Britain's historically contentious relationship with Ireland. Part one examines the present situation as regards religious identity in Scotland. It reflects on the development and pervasiveness of Protestantism within society, emphasising its anti-Catholic dimension. Irish immigration to Scotland in the 19th and 20th century is briefly reflected upon within the context of a growing ethno-religious cleavage. The second part of the thesis concentrates upon football. It particularly addresses the 'Old Firm' of Glasgow Rangers and Celtic though substantial reference is made to other clubs and to the Scottish international arena. Here, much of the analysis is based upon an original survey of the political and social attitudes of a sample of the supporters of the nine largest clubs in Scotland. The penultimate section focuses specifically upon anti-Catholicism in Scotland and the present character of Irish identity, particularly in the west of Scotland. The nature of the cleavage between both cultures is explored. Various Protestant and Catholic social and political groupings were also surveyed and the results are reported in this section. The context within which anti-Catholicism in Scotland has developed is established together with the main tenets of the contemporary Irish Catholic identity in part four. The conclusion establishes that previous studies have utilised a flawed approach to analysing religious identity in modem Scotland. Despite being a secular country, religious identity is a dominant cultural idiom in Scotland and its academic neglect has resulted in its miscomprehension of the nature of Scottish society and politics. In sum the thesis suggest five major conclusions: 1) Although the term sectarianism has major limitations it also has relevance for religious identity in Scotland. 2) Football is a crucial element of ethno-religious identity in Scotland, and national, cultural, social and political expressions become more explicit in the Scottish football arena. 3) Anti-Catholic culture runs deep in Scotland. This thesis -has located it in its historical context, explained its wider ideological underpinnings and reflected its complexity and variability in modern society. 4) The term 'sectarianism' has the function of shrouding the character of the Irish immigrant experience and identity. It has also served a long term ideological purpose in its debasement of the Irish identity in Scotland. 5) Identity is a much more useful concept than sectarianism for our understanding of religious cleavage and cultures in Scottish society.
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Hassan, David. "Sport and national identity in Northern Ireland : the case of northern nationalism." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369984.
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Halliday, Emma Catherine. "Themes in Scottish asylum culture : the hospitalisation of the Scottish asylum 1880-1914." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3265.
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Having embarked on a vast journey of asylum construction from the 1860s, Scottish mental health care faced uncertainty as to the appropriate role of the asylum by the 1880s. Whereas the mid century was dominated by official efforts to lessen the asylum's custodial image, late Victorian asylum culture encompassed both traditional and new themes in the treatment and care of patients. These themes included hospitalisation, traditional moral approaches, and wider social influences such as the poor law, philanthropy, endemic disease and Victorian ethics. In an age of medical advance, Scottish asylum doctors and administrators introduced hospitalisation in a bid to enhance the status of asylum culture. The hospitalisation of the asylum was attempted through architectural change, transitions in mental nursing and the pursuit of laboratory research. Yet as a movement, hospitalisation was largely ornamental. Although hospitalisation paved the way for impressive new buildings, there was little additional funding to improve asylum infrastructure by raising nursing standards or to conduct laboratory research work. While the Commissioners in Lunacy proclaimed `hospitalisation' to be a distinctive part of the Scottish approach of mental health care, the policy's origins lay not with the policy makers but with individual medical superintendents. Although hospitalisation became an official approach by the General Board of Lunacy, like any other theme in asylum culture, the extent of hospitalisation's implementation relied on the support of individual doctors and local circumstance. Despite this attempt to emulate modern medicine, moral management rather than hospitalisation methods continued as the fundamental approach of treatment and control in most institutions. The main components of moral management were work and a system of rewards (implemented through liberties and accommodation privileges). The process of mental recovery continued to be linked to industriousness and behaviour. The thesis acknowledges the impact of local forces and wider society upon attitudes towards mental health care, such as the economically driven district lunacy boards and to a lessening extent the parochial boards and philanthropy. In viewing the asylum within the wider context of Scottish society, the asylum shared some characteristics with other Victorian institutions. Finally, although the patient's autonomy within the system should not be overplayed, the asylum doctor was also affected by the patients' co-operation with treatment and the involvement of family and friends in admission.
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Okumus, Ibrahim. "Evaluation of suspended mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) culture and integrated experimental mariculture with salmon in Scottish sea lochs." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21838.
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Growth. mortality. production. physiology and seasonal cycles of condition index and proximate biochemical composition of experimental populations of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) were studied at different sites in Loch Etive and Loch Leven on the West coast of Scotland between May 1990 and September 1992. The main objective of the study was to evaluate current suspended mussel culture practices and to establish the basis for their possible integrated cultivation with salmon cage fanning. In addition. a preliminary investigation on employment of the . Charm IT' system as a rapid method for detecting residues of drugs used for treating cultured salmon in the tissues of mussels was carried out. There were some differences between sites in salinity, seston and particulate organic matter, but not in chlorophyll-a. Food availability (as particulate organic matter and chlorophyll-a) showed a clear seasonal cycle and in consequence growth of mussels were relatively rapid from late-spring until mid-autumn (g 6 months) and very slow or absent during the rest of the year. This period of rapid length and tissue growth coincided with relatively optimum environmental conditions and there were apparent positive relationships between monthly growth rates and temperature and chlorophyll-a values, indicating the limiting effect of these two primary factors on growth during autumn-winter and even in early spring. Almost all growth parameters examined were showed significant differences between the lochs. Growth performance of both native and transplanted mussels in Loch Leven was quite poor. Overall annual length increments were 25.1-25.9 mm at sites in Loch Etive and Dunstaffnage Bay, but 20.1-22.8 mm in Loch Leven. A crosstransplantation experiment showed that site rather than stock is the main reason for differences in growth parameters between Lochs Etive and Leven. These observed growth differences between sites and stocks were also confirmed by physiological measurements and estimated growth potential or scope for growth. Growth of mussels at salmon farms was faster than at neighbouring mussel farms during two annual experiments, but only meat weight at one salmon farm during experiment I, and length and live weight at the salmon farm in Loch Etive as well as all growth parameters at the salmon fann in Loch Leven during experiment II were significantly greater (}>sO.05). These differences were most likely a result of high particulate organic matter levels at salmon fanns. Similar to growth, biomass and production, the condition index and biochemical composition of mussels showed a clear seasonal cycle. Meat content, condition index and glycogen values were high during summer, started to decline in late autumn and reached minimum values in April before showing maximum increases in May. This reflects the typical storage and reproductive cycle of mussels in Northern Europe: accumulation of reserves during summer and their utilization during winter and early spring as energy resources for metabolism and reproduction. This cycle clearly showed that the main spawning of mussels on the West coast of Scotland occurred during March-May, and primary spat settlement from June to August. Heavy losses occurred from French socks, causing substantial amounts of eliminated biomass during experiment I, but when these fall outs were eliminated during experiment II by using lantern nets, it was clear that natural mortality rates were quite low and similar at all sites. Apart from growth characteristics and physiological responses, there were persistent morphological differences between the Loch Etive and Loch Leven populations. Cross-transplantation and physiological measurements after various acclimatization periods showed that, while morphological differences might be related to genetic origin, all other differences between the two popUlations are governed by environmental factors. The practical implications of these findings for developing suspended mussel culture on the West coast of Scotland and the possibility of a simple integrated salmon-mussel fanning system, which could be effective in controlling potential eutrophication from intensive salmon cage fanning and the removing large amounts of organic matter by mussels leading alterations in ecosystem, are discussed. A preliminary study with the Chann II Test has showed that the system is not so appropriate method as expected for screening mussel tissue sampled straight from the field, since mussel tissues require purification due to interference from bacteria or microbial detritus, before screening.
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Giardina, Eleonora. "Gaelic Literature in Translation: the Effect of English Within and Beyond the Contact Zone The Case of Italian Translations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17620/.
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In un contesto di lingue minoritarie, come nel caso del gaelico scozzese, la traduzione letteraria verso lingue maggioritarie può avere una natura ambivalente: se da un lato garantisce la diffusione di una letteratura altrimenti isolata, dall’altro potrebbe perpetuare degli squilibri di potere che spesso caratterizzano i rapporti tra la cultura dominante e la cultura minoritaria. Se questo è specialmente vero nella traduzione dal gaelico all’inglese, lingua la cui espansione è avvenuta a scapito della cultura gaelica, è possibile che anche nelle traduzioni italiane, prodotte generalmente tramite la versione inglese, tali squilibri vengano riconfermati. Nella presente tesi verranno analizzate le circostanze che hanno portato alla minoritizzazione del gaelico, individuando certe dinamiche riconducibili al postcolonialismo. Si commenterà il dibattito prettamente scozzese sulle più comuni pratiche di traduzione e pubblicazione utilizzate nell’editoria gaelica, adottando una prospettiva che mutua dai Minority Translation Studies, secondo cui la traduzione, se usata correttamente, può essere uno strumento capace di invertire il declino di una lingua minoritaria. Infine, si analizzeranno le risposte dei poeti gaelici e dei traduttori che ne hanno reso le opere fruibili in Italia. La ricerca svelerà che le attuali pratiche editoriali riguardanti la poesia gaelica, spesso a favore di un pubblico anglofono, non rispecchiano la diversità di posizioni degli autori intervistati, e dunque si raccomanderà l’adozione di pratiche per un panorama editoriale più rappresentativo. Lo studio mostrerà anche come, nonostante i traduttori italiani abbiano generalmente adottato strategie per compensare la scarsa conoscenza del gaelico, maggiore consapevolezza e ulteriori strategie siano necessarie affinché le pratiche traduttive e editoriali in Italia possano essere il più possibile vantaggiose alla promozione e alla rivitalizzazione della lingua, della letteratura e della cultura gaeliche.
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Karayucel, Sedat. "Influence of environmental factors on spat collection and mussel (Mytilus edulis) culture in raft systems in two Scottish sea lochs." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2205.
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Growth, mortality, production, spat collection, seasonal cycles of condition index, biochemical composition, carrying capacity of commercial raft culture systems and population genetic characteristics of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) were studied at different sites in Loch Etive and Loch Kishorn on the west coast of Scotland between May 1993 and May 1995. The main objective of the study was to evaluate current suspended mussel culture production in raft systems and to obtain basic information on the biology and the genetic structure of the two mussel populations in the lochs. There were some water quality differences between the sites in relation to seston, salinity and transparency but not to temperature, particulate organic matter and chlorophylla. When food is available (as particulate organic matter and chlorophyll-a), there was a clear seasonal cycle in mussel somatic growth and shell growth. Mussel growth was relatively high from mid-spring until late autumn, but very slow during the rest of the year. The spring-summer period of rapid shell length and somatic growth coincided with relatively optimum environmental conditions and positive relationships were indicated between growth rates, temperature and salinity, indicating the limiting effect of these two primary factors on growth from late-autumn to mid-spring when there is also a lack of available food. Mussel growth was higher at 2m depth on the raft-rope systems, but in lantern nets experimental growth did not show differences between depths. Growth was found to be similar in the lantern nets and on culture ropes in the two lochs in the first year of experiments (from May 1993 to May 1994). Overall, mean length increments were 31.01mm in Loch Etive and 28.75mm in Loch Kishorn over a 15 month period. The mussels reached marketable size (>50mm) in two years from the known time of spat settlement. A cross-transplantation experiment showed that site rather than stock is the main factor explaining differences in mussel growth in Loch Etive and Loch Kishorn. The position of the mussels within a raft has a significant effect on their growth; mussels at the inflow of a raft have a better growth than those near the outflow (p<0.05) due to greater availability of food. Mean mussel biomass was higher in Loch Kishorn while production was higher in Loch Etive, but there were seasonal and monthly fluctuations in both biomass and production at both sites. Biochemical composition and energy content were similar in both sites, while mussel meat yield and condition indices were significantly higher in Loch Kishom than Loch Etive. Meat content, condition index and carbohydrate values were high during the summer and low from autumn to spring, reaching minimum values in March and April at the time of spawning. Spat settlement occurred in June-July in Loch Etive and June-December in Loch Kishorn. Sea squirt, starfish and eider duck are problems effecting spat collection at the Loch Kishorn site, whereas spat collection in Loch Etive is unaffected by these pests/predators. The carrying capacities for cultured mussels were found to be about 24 metric tons per raft for Loch Etive and 38 metric tons per raft for Loch Kishorn using a particulate organic matter based model; these are reasonable estimates in comparison to the known mussel production levels reported by producers. However, a seston-based model gave an overestimate of carrying capacity for both sites. Cross-transplantation of mussels, electrophoresis and shell morphological measurements showed significant differences between the Loch Etive and Loch Kishorn mussel populations. Mortality rates were higher in transplanted mussels than in the native mussels (p<0.001).
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Moonie, Martin. "Print culture and the Scottish Enlightenment, 1748-86." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339926.
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Butt, Richard. "History, ethnography, and the nation : the 'Films of Scotland' documentaries." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57613/.
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The Films of Scotland Committee (1938 and 1954-82) produced one hundred and sixty eight documentaries on Scotland and Scottish life; the thesis is an archaeology of those documentaries. The thesis breaks from a film theory discourse that has marginalised documentary to argue that the genre should be understood as a cultural technology, an exhibitionary apparatus that draws on a variety of discursive formations in its production of knowledge. Similarly, the thesis argues that the representation of Scotland should not be understood as an aesthetic failure to represent the reality of life in Scotland, but as a distinct discursive practice that emerged at a specific historical period, a practice regulated by the rules of formation of the discourses within which it operates. The thesis outlines the history of Scottish film culture before 1938, and examines the formation of the Committee by the Scottish Office, arguing that this needs to be understood in relation to the history of public cultural policy in Britain since the mid nineteenth century. It examines the Committee's commitment to 'the national interest, and its relation to the mechanics and legitimation of state authority. A discursive analysis of The Face of Scotland (193 8) begins to identify the discursive regimes on which Films of Scotland documentaries draw in their production of knowledge. The thesis argues that this film occupies a space of representation opened up by the discursive formations of ethnography and history, and a discourse of nationhood, and traces the formation of this space by looking at the earlier surfaces of emergence of these discourses. It also begins to suggest the ways in which these discourses engage with the construction of cultural and national identities. Arguing that the figure of the tour is central to the Films of Scotland documentaries, th e thesis traces the emergence of the tour as a cultural technology in Scotland from the eighteenth century travel writing of Martin Martin and Boswell and Johnson, to the apparatuses of tourism established by Thomas Cook. The last part of the thesis focuses on the travelogue as a sub-genre of documentary, mapping out both the technologies of vision on which it draws, and its generic 'regime of verisimilitude', structured, it is argued, by an oscillation between the discourses of history and ethnography. Finally the thesis argues that what remains hegemonic in Scottish culture are not particular images and narratives, but the very concept of national culture itself, and the nature, rather than the content, of national identity.
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Greiff, Bergström Tora. "O Flower of Scotland : Scottishness in Outlander." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55123.
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The aim of this essay is to examine Scottishness in the television series Outlander, to see if it has the potential to contribute with national identities, despite being a large-scale American production which tends to present stereotypical representations. The depiction is of the Scottish Highlands in the 18th century when the Highland culture was diminished. Using a semiotic approach, I analyse visual signs and find key elements which are used to represent the Highland culture. The series is based on a romantic plot and has stereotypical elements in representing Scotland and its culture. However, I argue that despite the stereotypical representations, the ethnic group in question still can gain national emotion from the depiction. This, because of Scotland’s already romanticized history and heritage culture today. The study comes to the conclusion that a popular media representation, like Outlander, can have an impact on a nation’s identity and even politics, by reconstructing historical legends in a modern world and bringing forth a sense of belonging-ness in excess of the stereotypes accompanied.
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Eriksson, Thomas. "Corporate visioning : a cross comparison between SMEs in Scotland and Sweden /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/690.
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Davie, Kim. "The biodiversity and epidemiology of potato virus Y (PVY) in Scotland." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27766/.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) is considered to be the most serious viral pathogen that affects potato crops worldwide and can cause substantial yield losses. PVY exists as a complex of strains that can be distinguished on the basis of their biology, serology and genome analysis. In recent decades novel recombinant PVYN strains have emerged that can cause Potato Tuber Necrotic Ringspot Disease (PTNRD). It is therefore important to understand the potential threat to the Scottish seed potato industry. This molecular nature of PVY isolates in Scotland was established through the use of partial sequencing, revealing a predominance of isolates belonging to the molecular EU-NTN clade (ca 75%). Assessing the biological characteristics of selected isolates indicated that most isolates in Scotland belong to the biological PVYN type, however PVYE is also present. Molecular analysis of a PVYE isolate has shown that identifying the molecular determinants for vein necrosis production in tobacco is complex. Although it has not been reported from the field in Scotland, PTNRD initiation is possible with most PVYN isolates under optimal climatic conditions. Field trials suggest that PVYEU-NTN is more efficiently transmitted by aphids across a growing season than PVYNA-NTN and PVYO, with a higher than expected proportion of tubers infected with the PVYEU-NTN isolate. This suggests that once plants are inoculated with the virus, PVYEU-NTN isolates are more likely to infect progeny tubers. Taken together, the outcomes of this project should provide a better understanding as of PVY molecular nature in Scotland its pathogenicity and epidemiology with the view to understanding why PVYN variants have become an important threat for the seed potato industry both in Scotland and worldwide.
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Brown, Mary Louise. "Culture, change and individual differences in the Scottish Episcopal Church." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/454.
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There is continuing interest in religion and spirituality in Britain, although membership of mainstream churches is declining. Perceived secularisation of contemporary British society, together with increasing competition from ‘New Age’ movements, is causing many churches to review their approach to mission. This study considers the impact of the Scottish Episcopal Church’s strategy, Mission 21, during 1999-2004, initially under the controversial leadership of Primus Richard Holloway. Its explicit aim was to create a ‘postmodern’ church, attractive to those ‘on the margins of faith’. The research discovered that managerial and sociological approaches alone are insufficient to understand meaning and change in organisations, and that unique insights into the cultural change process may be gained from understanding of psychological individual differences, both of organisations and their members. In this case the instrument used was the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and derived Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS). A case study approach was adopted to develop theory grounded in the data, collected from grass roots congregations in the shape of MBTI profiles of clergy and key players, and a repertory grid analysis of the clergy role; and at strategic level with a participant observation study. Clergy were expected to be spiritual enactors of worship, leaders and managers of resources, and, most importantly for congregational key stakeholders of all personality types, to minister to congregations’ emotional needs. This tended to inhibit their ability to drive through culture change. The Church’s culture appeared predominantly traditionalist, although there was also evidence of a more liberal and mystical strain. However, the aim by Holloway to attract the interest of ultra-liberals was seen to extend the Church’s ‘market niche’ further than could be sustained even in a relatively heterogeneous culture. The research indicated that change in a faith-based organisation, concerned with people’s deepest emotions and anxieties, cannot ignore individual differences at the expense of managerial factors when understanding of the former provides a unique insight into the change process.
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O'Hanlon, Fiona Malcolm. "Lost in transition? : Celtic language revitalization in Scotland and Wales : the primary to secondary school stage." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7548.
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The development of education through the medium of Celtic languages (here specifically Welsh and Scottish Gaelic) is often placed within a language planning framework in which Celtic-medium education is viewed as a means of sustaining a threatened language in the context of levels of intergenerational transmission which are insufficient to maintain speaker numbers. The primary to secondary school stage is a critical juncture from such a perspective, as language revitalization requires the language competencies, patterns of Celtic language use and positive attitudes towards the Celtic language fostered at the primary school stage to be maintained and developed at the secondary school stage. However, the secondary school stage has often been associated with a reduction in the uptake and availability of Celticmedium education and with a decline both in Celtic language use and in positive attitudes towards the language. Such a policy and research context raises two sets of research questions, the first relating to choice of medium of instruction of education, and the second to aspects of pupil language relevant to language planning and maintenance: (1)Research Questions: Choice What factors influence parental decisions for Celtic-medium education at the primary school level? What factors influence Celtic-medium pupil decisions regarding language of education for the first year of secondary school? Do the responses and patterns of response regarding choice differ between (i) the primary and secondary school stages and/or (ii) the Scottish and Welsh contexts? (2)Research Questions: Language Planning What are Celtic-medium pupils’ patterns of (a) language use (b) perceptions of their linguistic ability (c) identification with the Celtic language and (d) perceptions of the usefulness of the Celtic language for their future at the primary and early secondary school stages? Do the responses and patterns of response differ between the Scottish and Welsh contexts at the primary school stage? Do the responses and patterns of response shift between the primary and secondary school stages in either the Scottish or the Welsh contexts? This thesis presents the results of a longitudinal study of 28 Gaelic-medium and 57 Welsh-medium final year primary and first year secondary pupils, their parents and teachers, conducted in 2007-2008. English-medium pupils from dual stream schools were also incorporated, primarily as a control group for the experiences of their Celtic-medium counterparts (17 English-medium Scotland and 34 English-medium Wales pupils, their parents and teachers). The research questions are investigated using multiple research methods in a longitudinal design. Pupils took part in semi-structured interviews in the final year of primary school and in the first year of secondary school concerning their experience of learning a Celtic language, the reasons for their decisions regarding the medium of instruction of secondary school subjects, their identification with their Celtic language and their perceptions of its usefulness. At each of these two school stages, pupils also completed standardized questionnaires (which yielded statistical data) on their language use and their perceived language competence in their Celtic language and in English. The pupil interviews were supplemented by interviews with their teachers at primary and secondary school, and with their parents at the primary school stage; thus a total of 383 interviews were conducted. Comparison was made not only longitudinally but also between the Gaelic and Welsh groups and, where relevant, between each of them and their English-medium counterparts. The results are discussed in relation to contextual factors (for example national and local authority policies, the linguistic demographics of Scotland and Wales and the level of Celtic-language institutionalization in the two countries), in relation to previous research on choice, language use, language ability and language attitudes in the Scottish and Welsh contexts, and in relation to theories of language maintenance.
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Fagan, Catherine. "Education and work in Scotland : global knowledge economy, enterprise culture and entrepreneurship." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/448/.
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This thesis has grown out of interest in and observation of dilemmas for practice and attitudes to enterprise education in primary and secondary schools in Scotland. There seem to be mixed views on the purpose of enterprise education and its justification to be part of the curriculum, its relationship to other means of addressing work-related purposes of education and shifting policy interpretations that propose to link enterprise education with entrepreneurship education. This latter consideration has been highlighted more recently with the provision of financial support for enterprise education from successful and influential Scottish entrepreneurs. These circumstances are examined in the later parts of the thesis and are preceded by an analysis of the wider context and variety of connections and interrelationships between work and education. Historical, social, political, economic and cultural connections emerge as necessary disciplines for understanding work, how our concept of work has developed and how it has been related to education along the way. Historical analysis is needed in order to analyse and forecast how education and work relationships are developing today and so a history of work and its relationship with education in industrial and post-industrial economies is provided as well as consideration of developments in the traditional but more narrowly defined area of vocational education. More recent developments in global interconnectedness, communications technology and the emergence of knowledge as the major requirement of our 21st Century lives have altered the balance in the education and work relationship making education the more proactive agent in the pair. Educational policy and practice have in the past been shaped by political and economic changes in society but contemporary attitudes to the importance of knowledge, its application and its transfer, in stimulating economic growth have made learning a sought after ‘commodity’ and education, although slow to make major changes to school practice, is now in a position to shape the nature and practice of work and workplaces. It emerges in the thesis that although education has been and is influenced by political, social and economic requirements, policy makers arguably have not paid much attention to the social sciences or to philosophical considerations when considering curriculum development. Likewise social science and philosophical enclaves have not shown much interest in educational theory and practice. Only recently have education faculties been established in many UK universities and begun to develop research cultures that in other disciplines already have long traditions and prestige. The chapters of the thesis bring together a broad and original compilation of areas of study that provide a scenario of connections that have the potential to inform, motivate and increase the understanding of educators and the makers of education policy when addressing the work-related aims of education. The final chapter sums up the scope of the variety of influences on the relationship between education and work and proposes that, although they provide very necessary bases for understanding, they have over time diminished what the thesis claims to be a necessary element in all education and educational policy deliberations, including those on education for work: that of value-based considerations for the development of the human person. Suggested ways forward for schools and course design, teacher education and education policy making are provided in the light of the deliberations of the thesis.
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Thomas, Andrea Susan. "Renaissance culture at the court of James V, 1528-1542." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9673.
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This study of the cultural activities of the Scottish court in the adult reign of King James V reveals a vibrant, sophisticated and confident outlook, which was more closely integrated with the developments of the northern-European Renaissance than has been apparent hitherto. James V utilised the limited resources at his disposal to good effect, and his cultural patronage propagated multi-layered images of royal power. Continuity with the traditions established by his Stewart forbears, especially his father, James IV, was stressed, particularly in the early years of his reign. However, the chivalric, imperial and humanist themes which were fashionable at the Valois, Habsburg and Tudor courts of the period, were also important and became more prominent at the Scottish court as the reign progressed. An initial examination of the daily life of the court focuses on the personnel, structure and organisation of the royal household and considers the itinerary and routine activities of the king, his family and his entourage. This allows the cultural patronage of the court to be placed in a social context, in which the role and status of women at the court are particularly highlighted. Subsequent chapters consider developments in the visual arts, music and religious observance, learning and literature, military technology, and pageantry and ceremonial. The architectural patronage of the court was particularly rich and encompassed buildings in the ornate High-Gothic style, which was pioneered in the Burgundian Netherlands, and a more restrained Italianate Classicism borrowed from the French court. Music also flourished at the Scottish court, where the French chanson and the Italian consort of viols could be heard alongside the florid, Anglo-Flemish, sacred polyphony of the chapel royal. Likewise, the literary life of the court included vivid (and sometimes bawdy) vernacular verse, scholarly translations of classical texts, neo-Latin humanist treatises, and one of the earliest known examples of a Scottish play. The king also spent heavily on developing an embryonic royal navy, royal artillery and a network of coastal and border fortifications, which incorporated the latest advances in military technology. The ceremonial highlights of the reign included two royal weddings, the lavish funerals of Queens Madeleine de Valois and Margaret Tudor, the coronation of Queen Mary of Lorraine as well as tournaments and rituals connected with the chivalric orders of the Garter, the Golden Fleece and St. Michael. In all of these areas the inspiration of the court of Francis I was particularly strong, since James V spent several years of his minority under the authority of a French Governor, married two French princesses and made a personal visit to the French court in 1536-37. However, men of English, Flemish and Italian origins served the king or visited his court and their influence can also be detected operating alongside the tastes and customs of the Scottish realm. Emerging defiantly from a long and turbulent minority, the adult James V managed to create an exuberant and cosmopolitan court in only fourteen years. His patronage was, of necessity, on a smaller scale than that of the Tudor and Valois kings but a detailed examination of the Scottish court at this period nevertheless reveals a cultural achievement of remarkable quality and diversity.
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Smith, Aileen. "The construction of cultural identity in the visual arts in Scotland, 1918-1945." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247759.
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This thesis examines the hitherto somewhat neglected subject of patronage of the arts in Scotland during the twentieth century. The introduction briefly discusses existing scholarly works dealing with this subject, pointing out that the role of Scottish myths in influencing Scottish culture merits careful and detailed attention. Chapter One looks at how Scottish artistic myths in twentieth century Scottish culture can be traced back as far as the eighteenth century. The nature and evolution of these myths are examined to show why they have had a direct impact in the creation of a distorted view of what exactly constitutes Scottish culture in the twentieth century. Chapter Two explores the changing social structure of Scottish society after the First World War and how this was reflected in a search for a sense of stability and nostalgia for a pre-war era. The activities of the Scottish Modern Arts Association are assessed within this ideological framework. The chapter also highlights the influence of the Post-Impressionist Exhibition in 1910 on Scottish patronage. Economic and political trends are examined in this context as bearing directly on trends of patronage. Chapter Three examines the contention that the public equation of contemporary art with communism and nationalistic tendencies coloured the acceptance of modern art in the interwar years. Changes of taste during the inter-war period can be seen in a number of representative sales held at Dowell's Auction Rooms, Edinburgh. This chapter also analyses the collection and philanthropic intentions of a Perthshire businessman, Robert Borough, as continuing a pre-war aesthetic in the 1920's. Similarly the activities of the Scottish Modern Arts Association in the 1920's and 1930's are analysed in this light. Patronage of the arts in England during this period is examined briefly in order to provide a comparison with what was going on in Scotland at this time. This chapter also analyses the influence of the Society of Scottish Artists Exhibitions of 1931 and 1934. Chapter Four explores the cultural impact of the artists connected with the Scottish Renaissance Movement in the 1920's and 1930's. The patronage of an emigre American businessman James Whyte is examined within an analysis of the public reception of his political activities.
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Corner, Richard Anthony. "Implications for the environment of using adaptive feeding systems in the cage culture of Atlantic salmon." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26835.
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The use of adaptive feeding systems to deliver feed remotely to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cages has the potential to improve the localised environment through a reduction in particulate waste. This can be achieved through improved growth and lower Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The aim of this project was to assess whether adaptive feeding systems confer any environmental benefit at salmon farms through by comparing two fish farm sites, one that uses a Computer Aided System (CAS) adaptive feeding system (AKVAsmart UK limited, Inverness, Scotland) (Portavaide fish farm) and one using hand feeding (Rubha Stillaig). This investigation comprised of 3 elements: 1) a comparative assessment of the quantity and nutrient composition of particulate waste material emanating from the cages; 2) collection of benthic samples plus a video survey along transects at each site including a reference station, with an analysis of differences in benthic fauna, sediment grain size and sediment nutrient composition; and 3) comparison of the distribution of waste under each feeding regime using a GIS-based modelling approach. Particulate waste was collected via sediment traps. Uneaten feed was caught in only 3 out of 184 separate collections and thus no estimate of feed loss for each feeding system could be made. Samples were analyzed for total solids (TS), faecal solids (FS), faecal carbon (FC), faecal nitrogen (FN) content and faecal sedimentation rate (FSR). The highest deposition occurred under the cages and decreased with increased distance from the cage centre. Maximal deposition of TS at Portavadie was higher than at Rubha Stillaig when feed was included, although average TS, FS, Fe and FN per tonne of production did not significantly vary between sites. Carbon sedimentation rate was analyzed using regression analysis and a General Linear Model Factorial ANOVA on faecal waste only and showed no significant differences between sites and, therefore, no difference between feeding methods . There were no differences observed in the diversity and abundance of benthic species under the two feeding systems. By the end of the production period all stations out to 25m from the cage edge were dominated by Capitella capitata at both sites, this species proving a useful indicator of the impact of nutrient deposition. The analysis suggested that Heteromastus filiformis and Corophium sp. provided useful indicators of the onset of nutrient enrichment. Measurement of carbon and nitrogen levels and particle size in sediment showed no difference between sites. Variations between sites in species abundance and diversity and sediment carbon and nitrogen levels reflected the different sediment conditions prevalent at the start of the sampling period. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed there was no difference in species diversity and abundance between the sites as a result of using adaptive feeding systems. Horizontal cage movement, measured at up to 10m, reduced the predicted settlement under the cage by 23% and 11 % for feed and faecal distribution respectively. There was no significant difference in the predicted settlement of waste particulates under adaptive and hand feeding. The GIS model prediction of carbon flux (g C m-2 15-days-1) was validated for faecal settlement using sediment trap data where predictions agreed well with observations from Portavadie fish farm, with an accuracy of ± 53.1 % when all stations were included, improving to ± 27.6% when deposition under the cage was excluded. Overall, the approaches used did not identify specific differences between sites that used adaptive feeding and hand feeding methods. The growth period using the adaptive feeding system was approximately nine weeks shorter than under hand feeding, however, which could be used constructively to increase the fallowing period whilst maintaining current levels of production. This would benefit the localised benthos by increasing the time available for recovery before further production takes place and thus the CAS Adaptive Feeding System could be used as part of a broader sustainable farming strategy for fish culture.
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Edington, Carol. "Sir David Lindsay of the Mount : political and religious culture in Renaissance Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15022.
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For too long Sir David Lindsay of the Mount has been almost the exclusive concern of literary critics and ecclesiastical historians. This thesis aims to demonstrate that Lindsay and his works represent an invaluable source for a much broader study of Renaissance Scotland and that placing each in a proper historical and cultural context sheds an important light on some of the ideas and attitudes which shaped Scotland's political and religious culture during this crucial period. The thesis falls into three sections. The first offers a detailed examination of Lindsay's career, tracing his arrival at Court, his experiences during the minority of 1513-28 and his employment as a herald. Looking at the events of the 1530s, it argues that Lindsay's position is best seen both in the light of a developing humanist- influenced court culture and the emergence of religious controversy. It is suggested that, following the death of James V, Lindsay was much less closely associated with the Court and that this had important consequences for his political, religious and poetic development. Part Two stresses the hitherto little appreciated point that Lindsay was very much a political writer. Analysing his discussion of government, the section looks in particular at ideas of kingship and commonweal, assessing the extent to which Lindsay variously questioned or endorsed traditional attitudes and assumptions. This also involves a study of Lindsay's position as court-poet and those occasions of public spectacle with which he was involved. Completing the examination of Lindsay and his works, the thesis turns to questions of religion. Arguing that his work represents a more complex, often more ambiguous, but ultimately more satisfying, source than is generally appreciated. Part Three considers Lindsay's religious attitudes, examining what his poetry can tell us concerning the situation in Scotland on the eve of the Reformation.
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Young, Helen Louise. "The small rural school and community relations in Scotland, 1872-2000 : an interdisciplinary history." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24372.
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Seeking to fill a gap in the historiography, this study provides a closely-observed but contextualised social history of Scotland’s rural schools from the late nineteenth century through to the end of the twentieth century. Though particularly concerned with the period following the Education (Scotland) Act, 1872, consideration is given to earlier developments to ensure a depth of understanding and an appreciation of the subtleties of local experience. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, and combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, the thesis draws together three layers of research: a detailed regional case study of the Highland Perthshire parishes of Fortingall, Kenmore and Killin; a quasi-random sample of sixty-six rural districts from across Scotland; and a national overview. In doing so, it challenges oft-made generalisations about rural life and provides a more nuanced picture of change and continuity in educational policy and practice across Scotland. Focusing in on the relationship between the small rural schools and their communities, the social dimensions of educational provision are explored in depth with special attention being paid to who taught, attended and supported the schools, and how they operated as educational and social spaces. To frame and guide discussion, three core themes – gender, culture and citizenship – are explored throughout and elements of social theory are drawn on to aid analysis and interpretation.
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Topp, Cairistiona Frances Elizabeth. "The implications of climate change on forage-based livestock systems in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3107/.
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The thesis examined the effects of climatic change on livestock production within Scotland. In order to achieve this, a systems model of the dairy, beef and sheep enterprises was developed. Climatic change primarily affects livestock production through its effects on forage production. Under climatic change, the model predicted that the length of the growing and grazing season will increase with the extensions occurring at both ends of the season. Relative to current climatic conditions elevated CO2 concentrations coupled with the associated changes in climate resulted in an enhancement in harvestable dry-matter yield that ranged from 20% to nearly 60% and increases in the percentage of white clover in the harvestable material by up to 126% In general, global warming is predicted to increase forage and livestock production within Scotland. However, the location of the site is also important in determining the effect of climate change as the magnitude and, in some cases, the directions of the changes varied between sites. The effects of climate change were also dependent on the actual level of changes in temperature. In addition, there were interactions between CO2 concentration and both temperature and rainfall, as well as interactions between temperature and rainfall. Although the three enterprises showed similar trends in their response to climate change, there were differences in the magnitude of the response as well as differences in the factors that resulted in significant changes. There were also differences in the response of the grazed and the ungrazed swards. This underlines the complexity of the interactions and the difficulty of extrapolating the results to other locations and to other levels of climatic conditions. The advantage of developing a model is that all these complex interactions can be captured and potentially the site - specific consequences of climate change on forage and livestock production predicted.
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Dinan, William. "Lobbying and devolution : policy and political communication in Scotland, 1997-2003." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26826.
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This thesis examines the growth of commercial lobbying in Scotland with the devolution of political power to Edinburgh in 1999. The study analyses the nascent public affairs community in Edinburgh in the lead up to, and during, the first session of the Scottish Parliament. This period covers the public debate at Holyrood over the registration and regulation of outside interests, and examines both the public and private political communication of those actors involved. The evidence base for this thesis is drawn from archival and documentary research, extended observational fieldwork in Edinburgh, and in depth interviews with informants from lobbying consultancies, corporations, voluntary sector organisations, elected representatives and public servants. A key focus of this study is the role of commercial and corporate lobbyists in Scottish public affairs and the Scottish public sphere. The analysis concludes that the Scottish Parliament's founding principles of openness, equality and accountability could be served through the regulation of lobbying.
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Wahab, Md Abdul. "The ecology of benthic macro-invertebrates in earthen trout ponds at Howietoun, central Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28840.
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An Investigation Into the ecology of benthic macro-invertebrates in earthen ponds subjected to intensive trout (Salmo trutta L.) culture practices at Howletoun, Central Scotland, was conducted between May 1984 and January 1986. Soil and water quality, seasonal changes in benthos, its role in the trout diet and the Interaction between fish and benthos were studied. Pond benthos mainly comprised 6 major groups including Oligochaeta. (10 species), Chironomldae (18 species), Molluscs and Hirudinea (2 species each) and an asellid and a sialid species. Oligochaeta formed 78 to 90% of benthic fauna, dominated by Tubifex tubifex. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. udekemianus and Psammoryctides barbatus, with an average population density of 68,400 - 191,200 worms mˉ², and exhibited peaks in summer and late autumn corresponding to two major breeding periods. The principal species of Chironomidae were Chironomus spp., Procladius spp. and Prodiamesa olivacea, with a population density of 5,400 to 14,900 ind. mˉ² and forming 7 to 13% of the total benthos with peaks in spring and autumn. Dry biomass of total benthos varied from 24-59 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds with oligochaetes accounting for 14-49 g mˉ² and chironomids 4-7 g mˉ². The mean annual dry weight production of total benthos varied from 130-215 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds, with oligochaete production of 94-160 g mˉ² and chironomid production of 20.6-33.5 g mˉ². An investigation into the ecology of benthic macro-invertebrates in earthen ponds subjected to intensive trout (Salmo trutta L.) culture practices at Howietoun, Central Scotland, was conducted between May 1984 and January 1986. Soil and water quality, seasonal changes in benthos, its role in the trout diet and the interaction between fish and benthos were studied. Pond benthos mainly comprised 6 major groups including Oligochaeta (10 species), Chironomidae (I8 species), Mollusca and Hirudinea (2 species each) and an asellid and a sialid species. Oligochaeta formed 78 to 90% of benthic fauna, dominated by Tubifex tubifex. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. udekemianus and Psammoryctides barbatus, with an average population density of 68,400 - 191,200 worms mˉ², and exhibited peaks in summer and late autumn corresponding to two major breeding periods. The principal species of Chironomidae were Chironomus spp., Procladius spp. and Prodiamesa olivacea, with a population density of 5,400 to 14,900 ind. mˉ² and forming 7 to 13% of the total benthos with peaks in spring and autumn. Dry biomass of total benthos varied from 24-59 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds with oligochaetes accounting for 14-49 g mˉ² and chironomids 4-7 g mˉ². The mean annual dry weight production of total benthos varied from 130-215 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds, with oligochaete production of 94-160 g mˉ² and chironomid production of 20.6-33.5 g mˉ². In an unstocked control pond the total production was 55 g mˉ², 35 g mˉ² of which was accounted for by oligochaetes and 8.06 g mˉ² by chironomids. Analyses of gut contents of the farmed trout showed that 12% of the diet by volume consisted of natural food, mainly benthos. Fish selectively fed on chironomid larvae, Mollusca, Asellus aquaticus and Sialis lutaria. Fish took maximum natural food in the morning and evening. Experimental enclosures to exclude fish from selected areas of the ponds demonstrated that number of species increased outside the enclosures but, except for chironomids, population density, biomass and production generally increased inside the enclosure. The possibility of explaining this result in terms of differential predation is discussed.
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Towsey, Mark R. M. "Reading the Scottish Enlightenment : libraries, readers and intellectual culture in provincial Scotland c.1750-c.1820." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/412.
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The thesis explores the reception of the works of the Scottish Enlightenment in provincial Scotland, broadly defined, aiming to gauge their diffusion in the libraries of private book collectors and 'public' book-lending institutions, and to suggest the meanings and uses that contemporary Scottish readers assigned to major texts like Hume's History of England and Smith's Wealth of Nations. I thereby acknowledge the relevance of more traditional quantitative approaches to the history of reading (including statistical analysis of the holdings of contemporary book collections), but prioritise the study of sources that also allow us to access the 'hows' and 'whys' of individual reading practices and experiences. Indeed, the central thrust of my work has been the discovery and interrogation of large numbers of commonplace books, marginalia, diaries, correspondence and other documentary records which can be used to illuminate the reading experience itself in an explicit attempt to develop an approach to Scottish reading practices that can contribute in comparative terms to the burgeoning field of the history of reading. More particularly, such sources allow me to assess the impact that specific texts had on the lives, thought-processes and values of a wide range of contemporary readers, and to conclude that by reading these texts in their own endlessly idiosyncratic ways, consumers of literature in Scotland assimilated many of the prevalent attitudes and priorities of the literati in the major cities. Since many of the most important and pervasive manifestations of Enlightenment in Scotland were not particularly Scottish, however, I also cast doubt on the distinctive Scottishness of the prevailing 'cultural' definition of the Scottish Enlightenment, arguing that such behaviour might more appropriately be considered alongside cultural developments in Georgian England.
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Forsyth, Emma Scott. "The romantic image : the culture, heritage and iconography of Scotland in the nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5336/.
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French, Morvern. "Magnificence and materiality : the commerce and culture of Flemish luxuries in late medieval Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12020.
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This thesis explores the prestige associated in late medieval Scotland with Flemish luxury products, using a material culture-based approach founded on the premise that objects can reveal the beliefs and attitudes of those who used them. Adding to existing scholarship which concentrates on the economic, political, and diplomatic connections between Scotland and Flanders, this research offers a new artefactual dimension to this relationship. It challenges the perception of Scotland as culturally and materially unsophisticated while simultaneously considering how objects were used in the expression of elite power and status. What drives this work is that late medieval Scottish elites were fully immersed in the most highly regarded and fashionable material trends of western Europe and that their consumption patterns fit into a wider mentality which saw Flemish craftsmanship as an ideal. A new model is thus presented, moving away from the traditional concentration on fluctuating wool exports and taking into account the cultural agency of noble, ecclesiastic, and burghal elites. It entails the initial examination of Scottish consumer demand and its impact on the Flemish luxury market. Following this are chapters on gift exchange and the presentation of magnificence, centred around the perception of the Flemish aesthetic as representative of elite status. Finally, this approach is applied to the burghal and clerical spheres, arguing that Flemish church furniture played a role in the formation and maintenance of elite urban identities. The comprehensive examination of artefactual sources, combined with the commercial, ritual, and ceremonial evidence found in written sources, enables the building up of a clearer impression of Scoto-Flemish material culture than has previously been realised. It is demonstrated that the material environment of late medieval Scottish elites was comparable to those of other European polities, constituting a common cultural sphere furnished by the luxury products of Flanders and the southern Low Countries.
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Michalek, Kati. "Scottish mussel culture in the natural environment : observations and implications for industry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240480.
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Shellfish aquaculture is growing rapidly with the expanding human population, offering high-quality animal protein as well as economic benefits to producing areas. Cultivation relies on coastal and estuarine habitats, dynamic ecosystems where marine organisms including mussels are exposed to natural environmental variability, and which will be affected by climate change (e.g. ocean warming, acidification, desalination etc.). This thesis investigated the variability in blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, performances under suspended rope-culture in a stratified Scottish sea loch, Loch Leven. Environmental conditions were monitored over one year and at different culture depths and related to the mussel's product quality (meat yield, condition index), genetic composition (genotype, extent of hybridisation) and shell phenotype (shell strength and shape). Environmental conditions varied over time (seasonal cycles and short-term fluctuations) but also across depth, generating different microhabitats for mussels depending on their position on the rope. Conditions varied most at shallow culture depths, for salinity in particular, but presented warmer temperature and higher food availability compared to greater depths and promoted mussel growth and abundance. Meat yield and condition index followed a seasonal cycle, with maximum values in early summer and minimum values in winter, associated with environmental (nutritional) and reproductive cycles. The genetic composition and shell morphology of cultured mussels differed across depth. On average, every sixth mussel carried alleles of Mytilus trossulus, but the level of introgression was overall low. However, highly introgressed mussels (≥ 75 %) presented distinct shell morphology (significantly lower shell strength, elongated shell shape) and originated mainly from shallow culture depths. This phenotype distinguished them from their congeners and allowed for their identification based on shell characters. This thesis presents the variability in suspended mussel culture in a heterogeneous environment, highlighting the complex relationships between habitat conditions and the genetic and phenotypic make-up in naturally occurring mixed-species stocks. The knowledge gained offers guidance for the farm operators to optimise production (site selection, spat collection etc.) and provides better predictions for the industry on the possible effects associated with climate change on future mussel production.
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May, Anthony. "The construction of national identity in Northern Ireland and Scotland : culture and politics after Thatcher." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/26592/.
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This study examines the construction of cultural nationalism in Northern Ireland and Scotland post-1979. Two particularly significant processes and practices are selected for analysis; football and literature. The methodological approach taken is a synthesis of ethnosymbolism, modernism, and cultural materialism, and nations are discussed as cultural constructs. Nationalism produced at both the elite and popular levels is considered, to provide a greater level of insight into the construction of national identity. The different nationally defined identities discussed are Scottish nationalism, Irish nationalism, unionism, and two varieties of Northern Irish nationalism. One of these is ecumenical, and is largely produced by literary elites. The other is loyalist, and is produced at the popular level. Scottish nationalism is produced through literature and through football, and is largely defined by working class values. As a consequence, literature has become a “popular” social practice in Scotland. Irish nationalism is also produced through literature and football; literature remains an elite practice in Northern Ireland, however. As well as fan groups, individual footballers play a key role in the production of Irish nationalism within Northern Ireland. The rejection of the Northern Ireland team by players of an Irish Catholic background, in favour of the team of the Republic of Ireland, is significant. Irish and Scottish nationalism have often been seen as antagonistic; however, there is an increasingly positive relationship between the two. In the novels of Irvine Welsh, Irish and Scottish identities are mutually informative; the identities of many Celtic fans, including the influential fan group “the Green Brigade”, are similarly constructed. Scottish and Irish nationalism are culturally “other” to unionism and loyalism, and are brought together by this common “enemy”. Most Rangers supporters consider themselves to be culturally unionist. Their identity is unlike that expressed by fans in other parts of the United Kingdom, and paradoxically appears nationalist as a consequence. The Northern Ireland national football team has become a symbol of loyalism, which is considered as a form of national identity because its rituals and symbolism are distinctively Northern Irish, not “British”. In adopting a nationally defined team, loyalists demonstrate the importance of Northern Ireland to their identity, rather than the United Kingdom.
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Martin, Suzanne. "Cars, culture and environmental citizenship : understanding public responses to sustainable transport policy in rural Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU148806.
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During the 1990s, transport policy thinking in the UK underwent a fundamental paradigm shift, with policy attempting to manage rather than meet demands for car use. It is for environmental reasons that this new sustainable transport policy urges the public to reassess the positive values attached to car based mobility and to become actively involved in reductions in car use. Cultural change, active and responsible local environmental citizenship are therefore seen as being placed at the heart of transport policy. Given highly publicised resistances to car constraint measures in the rural domain, this study adopts a case study approach to understanding the ways in which people in peripheral areas of rural Scotland identify with the sustainable basis of policy and notions of responsibility and ability to reduce car use. A contrast is drawn between emphases on the need for a new travel culture in policy and the weight that theories of car dependence place on economic and material measures of reliance on the car. In taking a critical theory approach this research attempts to build on theories of car dependence and create new ways of understanding public responses to transport policy. Grounded in an appreciation of the importance of the subtle and complex nature of public consciousnesses in determining levels of car dependence, it attempts to foster an understanding of the how the social, political and cultural contexts in which transport policy is formulated and received, shape public identification with the sustainable basis of policy. How these contexts impinge upon shared understandings of responsibilities and abilities to actively participate in sustainable travel initiatives is also explored. A number of opportunities for and constraints to the development of sustainable travel in rural areas of Scotland are identified and related to Beck's (1992) thesis on 'Risk Society'. It is concluded that there is a need to widen the basis of and incorporate more flexible understandings of rurality in transport policy.