Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gadolinia doped ceria oxide

Academic literature on the topic 'Gadolinia doped ceria oxide'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gadolinia doped ceria oxide"

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Arabaci, Aliye, and Nuri Solak. "High Temperature - FTIR Characterization of Gadolinia Doped Ceria." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.249.

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Doped ceria-based (DC) materials have recently been considered as the most promising solid electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) applications. Doped ceria is usually prepared via thermal decomposition of its water soluble salts, especially, acetates and nitrates. The properties of the obtained final product directly influenced by the starting material and the decomposition products. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the decomposition steps and intermediate products. Number of experimental work have been reported using various <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> techniques such as thermogravimetry with mass spectrometry (TG/DTA-MS), X-ray diffraction with differential scanning calorimeter (XRD-DSC). However, the available literature data is limited and not reasonably in agreement with each other. High Temperature FT-IR spectroscopy, TG/DTA-MS, XRD, techniques were used and results are compared with literature. A good agreement between the thermal analyses and HT-FTIR results were obtained. Possible decomposition mechanism is discussed.
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Wu, Weiming, Zhe Zhao, Xiaomin Zhang, Zhongbo Liu, Daan Cui, Baofeng Tu, Dingrong Ou, and Mojie Cheng. "Structure-designed gadolinia doped ceria interlayer for solid oxide fuel cell." Electrochemistry Communications 71 (October 2016): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2016.08.005.

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Kim, Young Beom, Turgut M. Gür, and Fritz B. Prinz. "Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Cathode Interlayer for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." ECS Transactions 35, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 1155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3570098.

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Sulekar, Soumitra, Mehrad Mehr, Ji Hyun Kim, and Juan Claudio Nino. "Effect of Reduced Atmosphere Sintering on Blocking Grain Boundaries in Rare-Earth Doped Ceria." Inorganics 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9080063.

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Rare-earth doped ceria materials are amongst the top choices for use in electrolytes and composite electrodes in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Trivalent acceptor dopants such as gadolinium, which mediate the ionic conductivity in ceria by creating oxygen vacancies, have a tendency to segregate at grain boundaries and triple points. This leads to formation of ionically resistive blocking grain boundaries and necessitates high operating temperatures to overcome this barrier. In an effort to improve the grain boundary conductivity, we studied the effect of a modified sintering cycle, where 10 mol% gadolinia doped ceria was sintered under a reducing atmosphere and subsequently reoxidized. A detailed analysis of the complex impedance, conductivity, and activation energy values was performed. The analysis shows that for samples processed thus, the ionic conductivity improves when compared with conventionally processed samples sintered in air. Equivalent circuit fitting shows that this improvement in conductivity is mainly due to a drop in the grain boundary resistance. Based on comparison of activation energy values for the conventionally processed vs. reduced-reoxidized samples, this drop can be attributed to a diminished blocking effect of defect-associates at the grain boundaries
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Yu, L., and M. Han. "DFT Investigations on Sintering Behavior of Gadolinia-Doped Ceria with Lithium Oxide Additives." ECS Transactions 57, no. 1 (October 6, 2013): 2799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05701.2799ecst.

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Luo, J., R. J. Ball, and R. Stevens. "Gadolinia doped ceria/yttria stabilised zirconia electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cell applications." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 1 (January 2004): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000007749.72739.bb.

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Fonseca, Fabio C., Sven Uhlenbruck, Ronan Nedéléc, Doris Sebold, and Hans Peter Buchkremer. "Bias-Assisted Sputtering of Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Interlayers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." ECS Transactions 25, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 2727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3205833.

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Aravind, P. V., J. P. Ouweltjes, and J. Schoonman. "Diffusion Impedance on Nickel/Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 156, no. 12 (2009): B1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3231490.

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Gondolini, A., E. Mercadelli, A. Sanson, S. Albonetti, L. Doubova, and S. Boldrini. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of gadolinia-doped ceria powders for solid oxide fuel cells." Ceramics International 37, no. 4 (May 2011): 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.01.010.

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Soman, Ajith Kumar, P. Kuppusami, and Arul Maximus Rabel. "Electrical Conductivity of NiO-Gadolinia Doped Ceria Anode Material for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Nano Hybrids and Composites 17 (August 2017): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.17.224.

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In this paper, NiO-Gadolinia Doped Ceria (10 mole % Gadolinia) NiO-GDC10 composite with Nickel varying from 50 to 65 wt.% has been prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The structural and microstructural properties have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The electrochemical behavior of the composites with varying concentration of Ni has been investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. Both the grain and grain boundary conductivities have been determined as a function of temperature in the range of 773-973 K. The highest total electrical conductivity (σGi+σGb) have been achieved as 0.28 x10-3 Scm-1 at 973 K with activation energy of 0.40 eV for composition of GDC10 with 65 wt % of NiO (NiO-GDC-65:35 wt.%). The influence of microstructure on electrical properties of the composites has been analyzed and the conductivities have been compared with the conventional NiO-YSZ (50:50) composite in order to fabricate Ni-GDC based anode material of better performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gadolinia doped ceria oxide"

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Nguyen, Ty, and ty nguyen@csiro au. "Preparation, Characterisation and Cell Testing of Gadolinium Doped Cerium Electrolyte Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081030.110755.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are devices that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, without proceeding through a Carnot combustion cycle. These devices are based on the usage of solid oxide electrolytes operating at relatively elevated temperatures. Two major hurdles must be overcome in order to decrease the operating temperatures of practical SOFCs. The first relates to reducing ohmic losses within solid electrolytes. The second relates to the need for developing high performance electrodes since electrolyte reaction rates at both anode and cathode are affected detrimentally as operating temperatures fall. This PhD project has focussed on addressing the first hurdle in two innovative ways: 1. the implementation of solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity than zirconia, 2. the development of very thin film electrolytes as thick as 5ƒÝm. Several thin films with novel electrode-electrolyte structures were fabricated and evaluated in order to demonstrate the viability of low temperature SOFC operations. Development of such thin films was innovative and challenging to achieve. The approach taken in this work involved fabricating a dense and thin gadolinia doped ceria (10GDC - Gd 10wt%, Ce 90wt%) oxide electrolyte. 10GDC is an electrolyte exhibiting higher conductivities than conventional materials during low temperature operations. A research contribution of this PhD was the demonstration of the deposition of 10GDC thin films using RF magnetron sputtering for the first time. 10GDC thin film electrolytes with thickness in a range between 0.1 to 5ƒÝm were fabricated on 10 yttrium stabilised zirconium (10YSZ) substrates by using a RF magnetron sputterer. The primary parameters controlling 10GDC thin film deposition using this method were explored in order to identify optimal conditions. The fabricated films were subsequently analysed for their morphology, composition and stoichiometry using a variety of methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), optical microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). A preliminary test was conducted in order to examine the function of 10GDC thin film electrolytes together with the cathode and anode substrates at intermediate temperatures (700oC). A complete planar single cell was designed and assembled for this purpose. However, when fully assembled and tested, the cell failed to generate any voltage or current. Consequently, the remainder of the PhD work was focused on systematically exploring the factors contributing to the assembled fuel cell failure. As fabrication failure analysis is seldom reported in the scientific literature, this analysis represents a significant scientific contribution. This analysis proceeded in a series of steps that involved several different methods, including SEM, red dye analysis, surface morphology and cross section analysis of the cell. It was found that pinholes and cracks were present during the fuel cell operating test. Cathode delamination was also found to have occurred during the test operation. This was determined to be due to thermal expansion mismatch between the cathode substrate and the 10GDC electrolyte thin film. A series of suggestions for future research are presented in the conclusion of this work.
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Yung, Hoi, and 容海. "Synthesis and structure optimization of gadolinium doped ceria-platinum composite for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cellcathode." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48199266.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), owing to its high operating temperatures, have many advantages over other types of fuel cells. Its commercialization, however, relies greatly on its costs and long term durability. By reducing the operating temperature to the intermediate temperature range, the costs for the balance of plant would be significantly reduced. The greatest contribution to cell over-potential at this temperature range is the oxygen reduction at cathode; hence development of a cathode material with low specific resistance and durability would have direct impact on the commercialization of SOFC. Composite cathode is a common strategy used by many to improve cathode performance. This was done conventionally by random mixing of cathode material with a better ionic conductor such as the electrolyte material. Impregnation or infiltration is often used to improve interconnectivity among individual phases in the composite, In this study, fabrication of a composite cathode with two phases - gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) and platinum attempted, forming two inter-locked networks each with a channel dimension in the nanometer range by hard templating and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) both for the first time to the best of my knowledge. It was found that surface layer of these materials play a very important role in the performance and structural stability. Another set of composite cathode was fabricated by packing commercially available GDC with carbon pore-former following by impregnation with Pt/Ag-Pt alloy. By introducing small amount of silver (6wt%), area specific resistance of 0.94cm2 and 0.16cm2 were observed at 550C and 660C, respectively during impedance spectroscopy in symmetrical cell arrangement. Silver was proposed to provide greater effective surface area for surface exchange and extending the triple phase boundary. Platinum was also suggested to provide a surface where silver wetting is possible stabilizing morphology of silver in the GDC scaffold. Platinum is not a practical choice of electrode material due to its costs and lower performance, it was chosen to demonstrate the strategy of vapor phase infiltration in fabricating SOFC composite cathode. However, the technique of CVI demonstrated can potentially be applied to other cathode candidate materials.
published_or_final_version
Chemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Dougherty, Troy Allen. "Synthesis and characterisation of ordered mesoporous materials." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1023.

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Ordered mesoporous materials have attracted much attention recently for use in a wide range of applications. The oxidising materials, ceria (CeO₂) and CGO (Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O[subscript(2-δ)]) have both been synthesised with ordered mesopores, but a method for the simple fabrication of these materials in high yields with crystalline pore walls has not yet been reported in the literature. This thesis details the development of the vacuum impregnation method for the synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials with emphasis on ceria and CGO. Using the vacuum impregnation method both materials were successfully prepared. The materials exhibited the porous single crystal morphology in high yields, with unusual crystallographic features. Nitrogen physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM tomography and temperature programmed studies were employed. Temperature programmed studies showed the materials to be catalytically active at lower temperatures than traditionally-prepared ceria. Photovoltaic studies showed that the materials exhibited efficient exciton quenching. The observation of nanowire extrusion during the synthetic procedure assisted in the postulation of a mechanism for product formation in the vacuum impregnation method. The vacuum impregnation method was subsequently shown to be applicable to the synthesis of other materials, with encouraging results presented for ordered mesoporous carbon and Zr₀.₈₄Y₀.₁₆O[subscript(2-δ)]. The syntheses of ordered mesoporous La₀.₈₅Sr₀.₁₅GaO[subscript(3-δ)] and La₀.₇₆Sr₀.₁₉CoO[subscript(3-δ)] were unsuccessful.
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Green, Robert David. "Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Cathodes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232574534.

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Swaroop, Sathya, Martin Kilo, and Ilan Riess. "Determination of transport properties of gadolinia doped ceria powders from SIMS profiles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-193120.

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Swaroop, Sathya, Martin Kilo, and Ilan Riess. "Determination of transport properties of gadolinia doped ceria powders from SIMS profiles." Diffusion fundamentals 7 (2007) 15, S. 1-2, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14172.

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Sønderby, Steffen. "Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia and Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Thin Films for Fuel Cell Applications." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102513.

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Solid oxide fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. However, before fuel cell technology can gain a significant share of the electrical power market, the operation temperature needs to be reduced in order to decrease costs and improve the durability of the cells. Application of thin film electrolytes and barrier coatings is a way of achieving this goal. In this thesis, I have investigated film growth and microstructure of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO) thin films deposited by physical vapor deposition. The aim is to make industrially applicable coatings suitable for application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). For this purpose, the coatings need to be thin and dense. YSZ coatings were prepared by pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) in both laboratory- and industrial-scale setups. Industrial-scale pulsed DC magnetron sputtering of YSZ showed that homogenous coating over large areas was possible. In order to increase film density of the YSZ, HiPIMS was used. By tuning deposition pressure, peak power density and substrate bias voltage it was possible to deposit noncolumnar thin films without voids and cracks as desired for SOFC applications. CGO coatings were deposited by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with the purpose of implementing diffusion barriers to prevent reactions between Sr from the SOFC cathode and the electrolyte. A model system simulating a SOFC was prepared by depositing thin CGO and YSZ layers on cathode material. This setup allowed the study of Sr diffusion by observing SrZrO3 formation using X-ray diffraction while annealing. Electron microscopy was subsequently performed to confirm the results. The study revealed Sr to diffuse along column/grain boundaries in the CGO films but by modifying the film thickness and microstructure the breaking temperature of the barrier could be increased. CGO thin films were implemented in metal-based SOFC and the influence of film microstructure and thickness on the electrochemical performance of the cell was studied. Cell tests showed that an area specific resistance (ASR) down to 0.27 Ωcm2 could be obtained 650 °C with sputtered CGO barrier layers in combination with a lanthanum strontium cobaltite cathode. In comparison a spin-coated CGO barrier resulted in an ASR value of 0.50 Ωcm2. This shows the high effectiveness of the sputtered barrier in obtaining state-of-the-art performance. In summary, this work provides fundamental understanding of the deposition and growth of YSZ and CGO thins films and proves the prospective of employing thin film barrier coating in order to obtain high-performing SOFCs.
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Chen, Haiyan. "Probing Defects and Electronic Processes on Gadolinia-doped Ceria Surfaces Using Electron Stimulated Desorption." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10427.

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Probing Defects and Electronic Processes on Gadolinia-doped Ceria Surfaces Using Electron Stimulated Desorption Haiyan Chen 133 Pages Directed by Professor Thomas M. Orlando Polycrystalline gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) has been widely investigated as a promising low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyte and as part of composite electrodes. In this thesis, electron stimulated desorption (ESD) has been used to probe the defect related electronic properties of GDC surfaces and the interactions of water and molecular oxygen with these surfaces. In particular, the electron irradiation induced surface charging of GDC has been found to be dependent on the incident electron energy: negative at lower energy and positive at higher energy. Trapping of electrons and holes by the gadolinium aggregated, oxygen vacancy rich grain boundaries has been considered as the origin of surface charging. Depending on the sample treatment, there can be various defects, hydroxyl groups, chemically adsorbed water molecules, or water dimers on GDC surfaces. Water and molecular oxygen interact primarily with defect sites. Systematic investigations of electron stimulated O+ desorption have yielded activation energies relevant to oxygen vacancy production on ceria surfaces, and to surface positive charge dissipation related to ionic conduction of GDC. Highly efficient electron stimulated O+ desorption from GDC surfaces has been attributed to the lowered charge density on oxygen ions coordinated with oxygen vacancy clusters and thus may be used as a probe for surface defect types. Electron stimulated desorption of O2+ from GDC surfaces during molecular oxygen adsorption has shown the ability of ESD to detect chemically adsorbed O2. The velocity distributions of O2+ can be used to probe intermediate adsorption species such as O2, as well as the positive charge of the surface. Overall, this thesis has demonstrated that ESD can provide important information on the kinetics and dynamics of surface charging, charge transport, adsorption and reactions occurring at defective insulating metal oxides materials. The abilities to probe the defects and their roles in surface processes make ESD a valuable technique for surface chemistry and catalysis studies.
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Ralph, James Michael. "A study of doped ceria electrolytes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7782.

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PORFIRIO, TATIANE C. "Influencia do calcio e do litio na sinterizacao e na condutividade eletrica do oxido de cerio contendo gadolinio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9951.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Book chapters on the topic "Gadolinia doped ceria oxide"

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Dias, M. C. F., and E. N. S. Muccillo. "Effects Of TiO2Addition on Microstructure and Ionic Conductivity of Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Solid Electrolyte." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electronic Ceramics, 1–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119211501.ch1.

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Lavorato, Pasquale F., and Leon L. Shaw. "Low Temperature Sintering of Gadolinium-Doped Ceria for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 65–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118511428.ch7.

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Falk, G., N. Böohm, P. G. Delaporte, R. Clasen, and S. Kühn. "Electrophoretic Deposition and Sintering of Tubular Anode Supported Gadolinium Doped Ceria Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells III, 115–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470339534.ch12.

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Paciejewska, K., A. Weber, S. Kühn, and M. Kleber. "Effect of Specific Surface Area and Particle Size Distribution on the Densification of Gadolinium Doped Ceria." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electronic Ceramics, 13–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119211501.ch2.

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Paciejewska, K., S. Kühn, and S. Mnich. "Adjustment of process parameters for attaining a dense gadolinium - doped ceria layer for the production of microtubular SOFC cells." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells X, 77–85. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119040637.ch8.

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Van Gestel, Tim, Hyo-Jeong Moon, Doris Sebold, Sven Uhlenbruck, and Hans Peter Buchkremer. "Processing of Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Electrolyte Layers with a Thickness of ∼1 MM: Thin Film Wet Coating Methods and PVD." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VIII, 145–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118217481.ch14.

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Lim, Jong Min, and Sang Woo Kim. "Synthesis of Nickel Coated Gadolinia Doped Ceria Nanopowder by Microwave Radiation." In Eco-Materials Processing and Design IX, 77–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-472-3.77.

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Sepulveda, Juan L., Sekyung Chang, and Raouf O. Loutfy. "High Efficiency Lanthanide Doped Ceria-Zirconia Layered Electrolyte for SOFC." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV, 216–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470456309.ch20.

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Levy, Caroline, Shinichi Hasegawa, Shiko Nakamura, Manabu Ihara, and Keiji Yamahara. "Electrochemical Characteristics of Ni/Gd-Doped Ceria and Ni/Sm-Doped Ceria Anodes for SOFC Using Dry Methane Fuel." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells II: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 4, 175–82. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291337.ch17.

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Kostogloudis, G. Ch, G. Tsiniarakis, F. Riza, and Ch Ftikos. "Reactivity and Interdiffusion of Alternative SOFC Cathodes with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, Gadolinia Doped Ceria and Doped Lanthanum Gallate Solid Electrolytes." In Functional Materials, 175–80. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607420.ch30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gadolinia doped ceria oxide"

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Tamrakar, Raunak Kumar, and D. P. Bisen. "Combustion synthesis and optical properties of ceria doped gadolinium-oxide nanopowder." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIAL SCIENCE: RAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810206.

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Song, Jung-Hoon, Young-Min Park, Hong-Youl Bae, Jinsoo Ahn, Byeong-Geun Seong, Do-Hyeong Kim, and Joong-Hwan Jun. "Effect of Co-Doped GDC Buffer Layer on the Power Density of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33252.

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It is usually accepted that the doped ceria buffer layer is needed between the conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes and the Fe and Co containing cathode materials such as (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ (LSCF) to improve the cell performance and to prevent unwanted chemical reactions between them. In this study, the effect of the sintering temperature, cobalt doping amount, and the starting powders of GDC (Gadolinium Doped Ceria) layer were investigated. The cell testing result indicated that it would be desirable to decide the sintering temperature of the GDC layer less than 1250°C to minimize the effect of the solid solutions based on (Zr, Ce)O2. Furthermore, 5 days operations of the button cell with cobalt doped GDC layer showed the increased ohmic and polarization resistance, indicating the cobalt segregation from the GDC layer during the long term operation.
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Zahir, Md Hasan, and Haitham Bahaidarah. "GDC Electrolytes With Patchwork Type Morphology and Their Microtubular SOFC Applications." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2015-49095.

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A patchwork type morphology was formed due to an accidental addition of excess polyvinyl butyral (PVB) polymer powder into the Gadolinia doped Ceria (GDC) slurries during the preparation of homogeneous slurries by a wet atomization process. GDC thin layer has been fabricated on the top of porous tubular anode (GDC-NiO) support at 1400 °C. The results of this study show that polymer can be used not only to fabricate a dense electrolyte but also to generate a nanoporous grain boundary. The fabricated electrolytes have been tested for SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) applications in the intermediate-temperature region. The single-cell with dense electrolytes performance test showed a high power density at 550 °C with wet H2 fuel. The effect of different polymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidinone (PVP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), into the electrolyte slurry was also tested. The polymer binder used in preparing GDC slurry is preferably neither PVP nor PTFE, and/or contains no amounts of these polymers.
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Ahmed, Al Jumlat, and Sathish P. "Optimizing anode microstructure of intermediate temperature Solid Oxide fuel cell based on Gadolinium doped Ceria." In 2014 3rd International Conference on the Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdret.2014.6861714.

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Kulkarni, Shrikant, Girish Phatak, P. Ramesh, and Siddhartha Duttagupta. "Nanocrystalline Gadolinium doped Ceria (Ce0.8Gd0.2O3-δ) for oxygen sensor and solid oxide fuel cell applications." In 2012 1st International Symposium on Physics and Technology of Sensors (ISPTS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispts.2012.6260893.

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Hashida, Toshiyuki, Yohei Takeyama, and Kazuhisa Sato. "The Effects of Oxygen Vacancy Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of Zirconia and Ceria-Based Electrolytes for SOFCs." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85241.

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In this paper, we discuss the effects of different oxygen partial pressures on the deformation property and fracture characteristics of representative constituent materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The elastic modulus and fracture strength of 8 mol% yittria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) and 10 mol% gadolinia doped ceria (10GDC) treated under different oxygen partial pressures were evaluated using the small-punch testing method in this study. The specimens of 8YSZ and 10GDC prepared by a sintering process were treated at 800 °C under an oxygen partial pressure in the range of 0.21 to 10−22 atm for 1 hour. The treated specimens were then fast cooled down to a room temperature, and their mechanical properties were measured under an atmospheric pressure condition by using the small-punch testing method. The experimental results revealed that both the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the 10GDC decreased drastically when the oxygen partial pressure of the treatment was less than 10−15 atm, whereas no significant variation in both the mechanical properties was observed for the 8YSZ. The elastic modulus and fracture strength of 10GDC for the treatment under 10−22 atm was reduced down to 10–20% of those treated under the atmospheric pressure. SEM observations revealed that the fracture surface of the 10GDC specimens was changed from transgranular mode to intergranular mode when the oxygen partial pressure was reduced, whereas the fracture surface of the 8YSZ specimens was transgranular regardless of the different oxygen partial pressures.
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Huang, Hong, Tim Holme, and Fritz B. Prinz. "Increased Cathodic Kinetics in IT-SOFCs by Inserting Highly-Conductive Nanocrystalline Materials." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65123.

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One of the crucial factors for improving intermediate-temperature SOFC performance relies on reduction of the activation loss originating from limited electrode reaction kinetics. We investigated the properties and functions of nanocrystalline interlayer via quantum simulation (QS) and electrochemical impedance analyses. Electrode impedances were found to decrease several-fold as a result of introducing a nanocrystalline interlayer and this positive impact was the most significant when the interlayer was a highly ionic-conductive nanocrystalline material. Both exchange current density and maximum power density were highest in the ultra-thin SOFCs (fabricated with MEMS compatible technologies) consisting of a 50nm thick nano-GDC interlayer. Oxygen vacancy formation energies both at the surface and in the bulk of pure zirconia, ceria, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) were computed from density functional theory, which provided insight on surface oxygen vacancy densities.
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8

Bonneau, M., F. Gitzhofer, and M. Boulos. "SOFC/CeO2 Doped Electrolyte Deposition Using Suspension Plasma Spraying." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0929.

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Abstract Ceria (CeO2) based electrolytes have been considered for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for more than 20 years. There are however some limitations to this usage that this study has tried to address, indeed the study objective has been that of synthesizing and thermal spraying thin layers (50 - 100 µm) of doped CeO2 by the technique of suspension plasma spraying, using radio frequency (RF) plasma technology. Various dopant combinations and concentrations have been selected for this work in order to increase the useful partial oxygen pressure range for satisfactory ionic conductivity development, thereby increasing the anionic conductivity and preventing CeO2 reduction in fuel cell service. Ceria possesses the fluorite crystal structure at low temperatures but does not have enough oxygen vacancies to be a good ionic conductor. In ceria the cerium have 4+ oxidation state within the fluorite structure, and by substituting a certain amount of Ce4+ ions by trivalent dopant ions, oxygen vacancies are induced into the structure. Recent studies have demonstrated that at low temperatures doped ceria seems to be a better electrolyte than doped zirconia. Also, it seems that dopants with ionic radii close to Ce4+ ions give rise to better ionic conductivities. The doped ceria conductivity increases with the dopant concentration because more oxygen vacancies are created, but at higher concentrations vacancy ordering occurs which results in decreased ionic conductivity.
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Lee, Tsung-Han, Kang-Yu Liu, Florencia Edith Wiria, and Pei-Chen Su. "Inkjet-printed silver and samarium-doped ceria nanocomposite cathode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells." In 2017 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2017.8279193.

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10

Kaneko, H., Y. Naganuma, S. Taku, K. Ouchi, N. Hasegawa, and Y. Tamaura. "Solar H2 Production From a Two-Step Water Splitting Process With Metal (Fe, Ni) Doped Ceria." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54281.

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Solar H2 production by the two-step water splitting process with thermochemical reaction has been proposed to convert solar energy into chemical energy. We succeeded in repeating the cyclic two-step water splitting process composed of the O2-releasing and H2-generation reactions with metal (Fe, Ni) doped ceria. The metal doped ceria with low content of metal ion (Fe3+, Ni2+) formed a solid solution with fluorite-type structure between ceria (CeO2) and metal oxide (Fe2O3, NiO). The empirical formula of the solid solution was Ce1-αMαO2−δ (M = Fe, Ni), and it was assumed that the high reactivity on the two-step water splitting process was due to an oxygen deficiency in the solid solution. The metal doped ceria with different Ce:M mole ratio (Ce:M = 0.97:0.03–0.7:0.3) was prepared through the combustion method. The two-step water-splitting process with metal doped ceria proceeded at 1673K for the O2-releasing reaction and at 1273K for the H2-generation reaction by irradiation of an infrared imaging lamp for a solar simulator. The amounts of H2 gas evolved in the H2-generation reaction with Fe-doped ceria and Ni-doped ceria with different Ce:M (M = Fe, Ni) mole ratio were 0.97–1.8 and 1.7–2.5 cm3/g, respectively, and the evolved H2/O2 ratios were approximately equaled to 2 of the stoichiometric value. The amounts of H2 and O2 gases evolved in the two-step water splitting process varied with the Ce:M mole ratio in the metal doped ceria. It was suggested that the O2-releasing and H2-generation reactions with metal doped ceria was repeated with the reduction and oxidation of Ce4+-Ce3+ enhanced by the presence of Fe or Ni ions. Furthermore, the O2-releasing reaction with Ni-doped ceria proceeded under a high O2 partial pressure atmosphere (pO2 = 0.05 atm) and at the temperature of 1773K. The progress of the O2-releasing reaction under a high pO2 indicates that metal doped ceria can be applicable for the rotary-type solar reactor developed by Tokyo Tech group for solar H2 production.
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