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Journal articles on the topic 'GABA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Akasu, Takashi, Yoshikazu Munakata, Masashi Tsurusaki, and Hiroshi Hasuo. "Role of GABAA and GABAC Receptors in the Biphasic GABA Responses in Neurons of the Rat Major Pelvic Ganglia." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 3 (1999): 1489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1489.

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The role of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) and GABAC receptors in the GABA-induced biphasic response in neurons of the rat major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were examined in vitro. Application of GABA (100 μM) to MPG neurons produced a biphasic response, an initial depolarization (GABAd) followed by a hyperpolarization (GABAh). The input resistance of the MPG neurons was decreased during the GABAd, whereas it was increased during the GABAh. The GABAd could be further separated into the early component (early GABAd) with a duration of 27 ± 5 s (mean ± SE; n = 11) and the late component (late GABAd) wit

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2

Qian, H., and J. E. Dowling. "GABAA and GABAC receptors on hybrid bass retinal bipolar cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 1920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.1920.

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1. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses from solitory hybrid bass retinal bipolar cells were studied with the use of conventional and perforated whole cell patch-clamp recording. 2. GABA elicited a chloride current in bipolar cells that had both transient and sustained components. The transient component was sensitive to bicuculline and resembled GABAA-mediated currents, whereas the more sustained component was resistant to bicuculline and resembled the responses mediated by GABAC receptors. 3. The bicuculline-resistant GABA responses recorded from the bipolar cells could not be modulated

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3

Jackel, C., W. Krenz, and F. Nagy. "BICUCULLINE/BACLOFEN-INSENSITIVE GABA RESPONSE IN CRUSTACEAN NEURONES IN CULTURE." Journal of Experimental Biology 191, no. 1 (1994): 167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191.1.167.

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Neurones were dissociated from thoracic ganglia of embryonic and adult lobsters and kept in primary culture. When gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was applied by pressure ejection, depolarizing or hyperpolarizing responses were produced, depending on the membrane potential. They were accompanied by an increase in membrane conductance. When they were present, action potential firing was inhibited. The pharmacological profile and ionic mechanism of GABA-evoked current were investigated under voltage-clamp with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The reversal potential of GABA-evoked current depe

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4

Zhang, J., and M. M. Slaughter. "Preferential suppression of the ON pathway by GABAC receptors in the amphibian retina." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 4 (1995): 1583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1583.

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1. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from neurons in the amphibian intact retina and retinal slice preparations. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were evaluated in the presence of bicuculline or SR95531, which block the GABAA receptor, and baclofen, which saturates the GABAB receptor. 2. Under these conditions, GABA preferentially reduced ON light responses in amacrine and ganglion cells, apparently through a presynaptic mechanism that reduced bipolar cell input. GABA also produced a small hyperpolarization in the resting membrane potential of ganglion cells. 3. Picrot

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5

Naffaa, Moawiah M., David E. Hibbs, Mary Chebib та Jane R. Hanrahan. "Pharmacological Effect of GABA Analogues on GABA-ϱ2 Receptors and Their Subtype Selectivity". Life 12, № 1 (2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010127.

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GABAϱ receptors are distinctive GABAergic receptors from other ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors in their pharmacological, biochemical, and electrophysiological properties. Although GABA-ϱ1 receptors are the most studied in this subfamily, GABA-ϱ2 receptors are widely distributed in the brain and are considered a potential target for treating neurological disorders such as stroke. The structure of GABA-ϱ2 receptors and their pharmacological features are poorly studied. We generated the first homology model of GABA-ϱ2 channel, which predicts similar major interactions of GABA wi

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6

ROTOLO, THOMAS C., and RAMON F. DACHEUX. "Two neuropharmacological types of rabbit ON-alpha ganglion cells express GABAC receptors." Visual Neuroscience 20, no. 4 (2003): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380320403x.

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The major inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine provide the bulk of input to large-field ganglion cells in the retina. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to characterize the glycine- and GABA-activated currents for morphologically identified ON-α ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. Cells identified as ON-α cells by light evoked currents were intracellularly stained and examined by light microscopy which revealed dendritic stratification in the vitreal half of the inner plexiform layer and confirmed their physiological identity. All Ca2+-mediated synaptic influences were aboli

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7

Han, Y., D. Cao, X. Li та ін. "Attenuation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase activity contributes to GABA increase in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to β-cypermethrin". Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, № 3 (2013): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113497770.

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The current study investigated the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and GABA metabolic enzymes (GABA transaminase (GABAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)) activities at 2 and 4 h after treatment, using a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detectors and colorimetric assay, in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin by a single oral gavage, with corn oil as vehicle control. In addition, GABA protein (4 h after treatment), GABAT protein (2 h after treatment) and GABA receptors messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were detected by immunohistoch

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8

Absalom, Nathan, Izumi Yamamoto, David O'Hagan, Luke Hunter, and Mary Chebib. "Probing the Mode of Neurotransmitter Binding to GABA Receptors Using Selectively Fluorinated GABA Analogues." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 1 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14456.

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Stereoselective fluorination is a useful technique for controlling the conformations of organic molecules. This concept has been exploited to create conformationally biased analogues of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Mono- and di-fluorinated GABA analogues are found to adopt different conformations, due to subtle stereoelectronic effects associated with the C–F bond. These conformationally biased GABA analogues exhibit different shape-dependent selectivity patterns towards GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors, providing valuable information on the binding modes of the natura

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9

Liske, S., та M. E. Morris. "Extrasynaptic effects of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) agonists on myelinated axons of peripheral nerve". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, № 4 (1994): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-054.

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Effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) on the excitability of myelinated fibers of isolated amphibian sciatic nerves and their dorsal and ventral spinal roots have been compared with those of a GABAA agonist, THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol), and the GABAB agonist baclofen. Graded, prolonged increases in the amplitude of A-fiber half-maximal compound action potentials of Rana ballenderi sciatic nerves were evoked by GABA (Rmax = 49%, EC50 = 0.1 mM); responses to THIP were smaller (Rmax = 34%, EC50 = 1.1 mM) and with a different, distinctly b

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10

Fischer, Y., and I. Parnas. "Activation of GABAB receptors at individual release boutons of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction produces presynaptic inhibition." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (1996): 1377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1377.

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1. Presynaptic inhibition in crustaceans involves the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors that produce an increase in chloride conductance at excitatory axon terminals. Such inhibition produced by single inhibitory pulses is blocked by picrotoxin, a GABAA antagonist. 2. Presynaptic inhibition produced by bath application of GABA was not blocked by picrotoxin. Measurements of the membrane resistance of the excitatory axon terminals revealed that substantial presynaptic inhibition still persisted after 50 microM picrotoxin had completely blocked the increase in conductance

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11

McGILLEM, GREGORY S., THOMAS C. ROTOLO, and RAMON F. DACHEUX. "GABA responses of rod bipolar cells in rabbit retinal slices." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 3 (2000): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800173067.

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GABAergic responses of rabbit rod bipolar cells were reexamined by using whole-cell recordings in the superfused slice preparation to determine if there is GABAC receptor input to their axon terminal and to characterize the contribution that GABAA and GABAC receptors make to the total GABA current on the axon terminals of these cells. Pharmacological agents specifically blocking GABAA and GABAC receptor currents demonstrated that 37% of the GABA-activated current was blocked by either the GABAA antagonists bicuculline or SR-95531, whereas the remaining 63% of the GABA current was blocked by a

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12

Hare, W. A., and W. G. Owen. "Receptive field of the retinal bipolar cell: a pharmacological study in the tiger salamander." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 3 (1996): 2005–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.2005.

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1. It is widely believed that signals contributing to the receptive field surrounds of retinal bipolar cells pass from horizontal cells to bipolar cells via GABAergic synapses. To test this notion, we applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and antagonists to isolated, perfused retinas of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum while recording intracellularly from bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and photoreceptors. 2. As we previously reported, administration of the GABA analogue D-aminovaleric acid in concert with picrotoxin did not block horizontal cell responses or the center responses o

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13

Lukasiewicz, Peter D., and Rachel O. L. Wong. "GABAC receptors on ferret retinal bipolar cells: A diversity of subtypes in mammals?" Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (1997): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380001169x.

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AbstractThe GABAC receptor subtypes on bipolar cells of rats and cold-blooded vertebrates differ in their pharmacological properties and probably have different molecular compositions. With the exception of the rat, native GABAC receptors in mammals had not been studied. In ferret, whole-cell, voltage-clamp recordings were made from bipolar cells in the retinal slice preparation to determine which subtype of GABAC receptor predominated. Puff-evoked GABA currents in bipolar cells were partially reduced by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, indicating that both GABAA and GABAC receptors

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14

Ellefsen, Stian, Kåre-Olav Stensløkken, Cathrine E. Fagernes, Tom A. Kristensen, and Göran E. Nilsson. "Expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in anoxic crucian carp brain (Carassius carassius)." Physiological Genomics 36, no. 2 (2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.90301.2008.

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The crucian carp, Carassius carassius, survives days to months without oxygen, depending on temperature. In the anoxic crucian carp brain, increased GABAergic inhibition, mediated by increased extracellular levels of GABA, has been shown to suppress electric activity and ATP consumption. To investigate an involvement of gene expression in this response, we utilized real-time RT-PCR to test the effect of 1 and 7 days anoxia (8°C) on the expression of 22 genes, including nine GABAA receptor subunits (α1–6, β2, δ, and γ2), three GABAB receptor subunits (GB1a-1b and GB2), three enzymes involved in

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15

Jensen, Kimmo, Chi-Sung Chiu, Irina Sokolova, Henry A. Lester, and Istvan Mody. "GABA Transporter-1 (GAT1)-Deficient Mice: Differential Tonic Activation of GABAA Versus GABAB Receptors in the Hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00240.2003.

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After its release from interneurons in the CNS, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is taken up by GABA transporters (GATs). The predominant neuronal GABA transporter GAT1 is localized in GABAergic axons and nerve terminals, where it is thought to influence GABAergic synaptic transmission, but the details of this regulation are unclear. To address this issue, we have generated a strain of GAT1-deficient mice. We observed a large increase in a tonic postsynaptic hippocampal GABAA receptor-mediated conductance. There was little or no change in the waveform or amplitude of spontaneous inhi

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16

Athapaththu, Athapaththu Mudiyanselage Gihan Kavinda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka Molagoda, Rajapaksha Gedara Prasad Tharanga Jayasooriya, et al. "Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Promotes Growth in Zebrafish Larvae by Inducing IGF-1 Expression via GABAA and GABAB Receptors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (2021): 11254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011254.

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Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) primarily increases the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons; moreover, it is responsible for the promotion of longitudinal growth in children and adolescents. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether exogenous GABA supplementation activates IGF-mediated growth performance. Zebrafish larvae treated with GABA at three days post fertilization (dpf) showed a significant increase in the total body length from 6 to 12 dpf through upregulation of growth-stimulating genes, including IGF-1, growth hormone-1 (GH-1), growth hormone receptor-1

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17

MÖLLER, ANNA, and THOR EYSTEINSSON. "Modulation of the components of the rat dark-adapted electroretinogram by the three subtypes of GABA receptors." Visual Neuroscience 20, no. 5 (2003): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523803205071.

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The separate components of the dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) are believed to reflect the electric activity of neurones in both the inner and the outer layers of the retina, although their precise origin still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether selective blockage or stimulation of the different subtypes of GABA receptors might help further elucidate the cellular origin of the components of the dark-adapted ERG. The rat retina is of interest since the localization and physiology of GABA receptors in that retina have been examined in great detail. GABA agonis

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18

Massey, Stephen C., David M. Linn, Christopher A. Kittila, and Wajid Mirza. "Contributions of GABAA receptors and GABAC receptors to acetylcholine release and directional selectivity in the rabbit retina." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (1997): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800011652.

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AbstractGABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina and it acts at many different sites via a variety of postsynaptic receptors. These include GABAA receptors and bicuculline-resistant GABAC receptors. The release of acetylcholine (ACh) is inhibited by GABA and strongly potentiated by GABA antagonists. In addition, GABA appears to mediate the null inhibition which is responsible for the mechanism of directional selectivity in certain ganglion cells. We have used these two well-known examples of GABA inhibition to compare three GABA antagonists and assess the contributio

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Jiménez-Dinamarca, Ivanka, Rachel Reyes-Lizana, Yordan Lemunao-Inostroza, et al. "GABAergic Regulation of Astroglial Gliotransmission through Cx43 Hemichannels." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (2022): 13625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113625.

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Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It is produced by interneurons and recycled by astrocytes. In neurons, GABA activates the influx of Cl- via the GABAA receptor or efflux or K+ via the GABAB receptor, inducing hyperpolarization and synaptic inhibition. In astrocytes, the activation of both GABAA and GABAB receptors induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and the release of glutamate and ATP. Connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels are among the main Ca2+-dependent cellular mechanisms for the astroglial release of glutamate and ATP. However, no st

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20

Pham, T. M., and J. C. Lacaille. "Multiple postsynaptic actions of GABA via GABAB receptors on CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 1 (1996): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.69.

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1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on non-GABAA receptors were investigated with intracellular recordings in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices in the presence of antagonists of GABAA receptors (50 microM bicuculline and 50 microM picrotoxin), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors (100 microM 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid and 40 microM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, respectively), and of a blocker of GABA uptake (1 mM nipecotic acid). The effects of GABA were compared with those of the selective GABAB agonist (-)baclofen [CGP-11973A; (-)BAC]. 2.

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Kobayashi, Suguru, Ryota Matsuo, Hisayo Sadamoto, Satoshi Watanabe, and Etsuro Ito. "Excitatory effects of GABA on procerebrum neurons in a slug." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 4 (2012): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01137.2010.

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Classical neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), often have different actions on invertebrate neurons from those reported for vertebrate neurons. In the terrestrial mollusk Limax, glutamate was found to function as an inhibitory transmitter in the procerebrum (PC), but it has not yet been clarified how GABA acts in the PC. We thus examined what effects GABA exerts on PC neurons in the present study. For this purpose, we first applied GABA to isolated PC preparations and recorded postsynaptic currents and potentials in PC neurons. The GABA application reduced the a

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Roberts, Bradley M., Emanuel F. Lopes та Stephanie J. Cragg. "Axonal Modulation of Striatal Dopamine Release by Local γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Signalling". Cells 10, № 3 (2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030709.

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Striatal dopamine (DA) release is critical for motivated actions and reinforcement learning, and is locally influenced at the level of DA axons by other striatal neurotransmitters. Here, we review a wealth of historical and more recently refined evidence indicating that DA output is inhibited by striatal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting via GABAA and GABAB receptors. We review evidence supporting the localisation of GABAA and GABAB receptors to DA axons, as well as the identity of the striatal sources of GABA that likely contribute to GABAergic modulation of DA release. We discuss emerging da

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23

Buffon, Viviane Aline, Jurandir M. Ribas Filho, Osvaldo Malafaia, Isadora D. Tassinari, Rafael Roesler, and Gustavo R. Isolan. "GABAergic Influences on Medulloblastoma." Brain Sciences 15, no. 7 (2025): 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15070746.

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Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and typically arises in the cerebellum, likely due to disruptions in neuronal precursor development. The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), exerts its effects through GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABA receptor activity regulates the development and function of cerebellar neurons, including glutamatergic cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). Beyond the nervous system, GABA is also a common metabolite in non-neuronal cell types. An increasing body of eviden

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Negri, Sharon, Francesca Scolari, Mauro Vismara, et al. "GABAA and GABAB Receptors Mediate GABA-Induced Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells." Cells 11, no. 23 (2022): 3860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11233860.

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Numerous studies recently showed that the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), can stimulate cerebral angiogenesis and promote neurovascular coupling by activating the ionotropic GABAA receptors on cerebrovascular endothelial cells, whereas the endothelial role of the metabotropic GABAB receptors is still unknown. Preliminary evidence showed that GABAA receptor stimulation can induce an increase in endothelial Ca2+ levels, but the underlying signaling pathway remains to be fully unraveled. In the present investigation, we found that GABA evoked a biphasic elevation in [Ca2+

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Krantis, Anthony. "GABA in the Mammalian Enteric Nervous System." Physiology 15, no. 6 (2000): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.6.284.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a transmitter of enteric interneurons, targeting excitatory GABAA or inhibitory GABAB receptors that modulate motility and mucosal function. Enteric GABA may also subserve hormonal and paracrine signaling. Disruption in gastrointestinal function following perturbation of enteric GABA receptors presents potential new target sites for drug development.

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YANG, XIONG-LI, FAN GAO, and SAMUEL M. WU. "Modulation of horizontal cell function by GABAA and GABAC receptors in dark- and light-adapted tiger salamander retina." Visual Neuroscience 16, no. 5 (1999): 967–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899165167.

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The physiological function of GABA transporters and GABA receptors in retinal horizontal cells (HCs) under dark- and light-adapted conditions were studied by whole-cell voltage clamp and intracellular recording techniques in retinal slices and whole-mounted isolated retinas of the larval tiger salamander. Puff application of GABA in picrotoxin elicited a NO-711 (a potent GABA transporter blocker)-sensitive inward current that did not exhibit a reversal potential in the physiological range, consistent with the idea that these HCs contain electrogenic GABA transporters. Application of GABA in NO

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Zhang, Qingli, Lei Zhu, Hailong Li, et al. "Insights and progress on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and physiological functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): a review." PeerJ 12 (December 16, 2024): e18712. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18712.

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GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the human brain, animals, plants and microorganisms. It is primarily produced by the irreversible action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on the α-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid. As a major neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA plays a crucial role in behavior, cognition, and the body’s stress response. GABA is mainly synthesized through the GABA shunt and the polyamine degradation pathways. It works through three receptors (GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC), each exhibiting different pharmacological and physiological

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Kaneda, Katsuyuki, and Hitoshi Kita. "Synaptically Released GABA Activates Both Pre- and Postsynaptic GABAB Receptors in the Rat Globus Pallidus." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (2005): 1104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00255.2005.

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The globus pallidus (GP) contains abundant GABAergic synapses and GABAB receptors. To investigate whether synaptically released GABA can activate pre- and postsynaptic GABAB receptors in the GP, physiological recordings were performed using rat brain slice preparations. Cell-attached recordings from GABAA antagonist-treated preparations revealed that repetitive local stimulation induced a GABAB antagonist-sensitive pause in spontaneous firings of GP neurons. Whole cell recordings revealed that the repetitive stimulation evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials followed by a slow inhibito

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Wagner, Ashley, Zhimin Yan та Marianna Kulka. "A Human Microglial Cell Line Expresses γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptors and Responds to GABA and Muscimol by Increasing Production of IL-8". Neuroglia 4, № 3 (2023): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neuroglia4030012.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an essential neurotransmitter and an important regulator of neuroinflammation and disease. Microglia are important immune cells in the brain that express GABA receptors (GABAR) and respond to both GABA and GABAR agonists, yet the effect of GABA on microglial inflammatory responses is unclear. We hypothesized that GABA and GABAR agonists might modify the activation of a human microglial cell line (HMC3). We further hypothesized that Amanita muscaria extract (AME-1), which contained GABAR agonists (GABA and muscimol), would similarly stimulate HMC3. Ligand-gated

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Takeuchi, Kasumi. "GABA, A Primary Metabolite Controlled by the Gac/Rsm Regulatory Pathway, Favors a Planktonic Over a Biofilm Lifestyle in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 2 (2018): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0120-r.

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In Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and other fluorescent pseudomonads, the Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway is crucial for the expression of secondary metabolism and the biological control of fungi, nematodes, and insects. Based on the findings of a previous metabolomic study, the role of intracellular γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) as a potential signal in the Gac/Rsm pathway was investigated herein. The function and regulation of a gabDT (c01870-c01880) gene cluster in strain CHA0 were described. The gabT gene encoded GABA transaminase (GABAT) and enabled the growth of the bacterium on GABA, whereas t

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Molagoda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka, Mirissa Hewage Dumindu Kavinda, Hyung Won Ryu та ін. "Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Inhibits α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenesis through GABAA and GABAB Receptors". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 15 (2021): 8257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158257.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human cortex. However, whether GABA regulates melanogenesis has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we reveal that GABA (20 mM) significantly inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced extracellular (from 354.9% ± 28.4% to 126.5% ± 16.0%) and intracellular melanin contents (from 236.7% ± 11.1% to 102.7% ± 23.1%) in B16F10 melanoma cells, without inducing cytotoxicity. In addition, α-MSH-induced hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae was inhibited from 246.3% ± 5.4% to 116.

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Fergus, Andrea, and Kevin S. Lee. "GABAergic Regulation of Cerebral Microvascular Tone in the Rat." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 17, no. 9 (1997): 992–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199709000-00009.

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The role of GABA in regulating cerebral microvessels was examined in the parenchyma of the hippocampus and the surface of the neocortex. Microvessels were monitored in in vitro slices using computer-assisted videomicroscopy, and synaptically evoked field responses were simultaneously recorded. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, elicited vasodilation in hippocampal microvessels, whereas the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, elicited constriction. The muscimol-induced dilation persisted in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-l-arginine,

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Roberts, D. J., W. L. Hasler, and C. Owyang. "GABA mediation of the dual effects of somatostatin on guinea pig ileal myenteric cholinergic transmission." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 5 (1993): G953—G960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.5.g953.

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Somatostatin (SS) has both excitatory and inhibitory actions on myenteric cholinergic transmission, which are mimicked by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We hypothesized that both effects of SS are mediated by neural GABA pathways. In guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus, SS evoked [3H]-GABA release verifying GABA neural activation. SS (10(-9)-10(-5) M) stimulation of atropine-sensitive ileal contraction and evocation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release was mimicked by the GABAA agonist muscimol but not the GABAB agonist baclofen. SS (10(-7) M)-evoked con

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Trudeau, V. L., B. D. Sloley, and R. E. Peter. "GABA stimulation of gonadotropin-II release in goldfish: involvement of GABAA receptors, dopamine, and sex steroids." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 265, no. 2 (1993): R348—R355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.2.r348.

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The involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-II (GTH-II) release was studied in the goldfish. Intraperitoneal injection of GABA (300 micrograms/g) stimulated an increase in serum GTH-II levels at 30 min postinjection. The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (0.1-10 micrograms/g) stimulated GTH-II in a dose-dependent manner. Baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, had a small but significant stimulatory effect at 1 and 10 micrograms/g; the amount of GTH-II released in response to baclofen was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that released by muscimol. P

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Grider, J. R., and G. M. Makhlouf. "Enteric GABA: mode of action and role in the regulation of the peristaltic reflex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 262, no. 4 (1992): G690—G694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.4.g690.

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The mode of action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the role of myenteric GABA neurons in the regulation of peristalsis were examined in various preparations of rat colonic muscle. GABA had no contractile, relaxant, or modulatory effect on smooth muscle cells isolated from the circular muscle layer. In innervated circular muscle strips, GABA elicited concentration-dependent relaxation accompanied by release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Relaxation and VIP release were inhibited by tetrodotoxin and by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline but not by the GABAB receptor antagon

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Bennett, Ben D., John R. Huguenard, and David A. Prince. "Adrenoceptor-Mediated Elevation of Ambient GABA Levels Activates Presynaptic GABAB Receptors in Rat Sensorimotor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 1 (1997): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.561.

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Bennett, Ben D., John R. Huguenard, and David A. Prince. Adrenoceptor-mediated elevation of ambient GABA levels activates presynaptic GABAB receptors in rat sensorimotor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 561–566, 1997. At inhibitory synapses in the mature neocortex and hippocampus in vitro, spontaneous action-potential-dependent and -independent release of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activates postsynaptic GABAA receptors but not pre- or postsynaptic GABAB receptors. Elevation of synaptic GABA levels with pharmacological agents or electrical stimulation can cause activation of GABAB receptors, but t

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Bogusz, Adrienne L., Steven L. Hardy, Michael N. Lehman та ін. "Evidence that γ-Aminobutyric Acid Is Part of the Neural Circuit Mediating Estradiol Negative Feedback in Anestrous Ewes". Endocrinology 149, № 6 (2008): 2762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1362.

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Seasonal anestrus in ewes is driven by an increase in response to estradiol (E2) negative feedback. Compelling evidence indicates that inhibitory A15 dopaminergic (DA) neurons mediate the increased inhibitory actions of E2 in anestrus, but these neurons do not contain estrogen receptors. Therefore, we have proposed that estrogen-responsive afferents to A15 neurons are part of the neural circuit mediating E2 negative feedback in anestrus. This study examined the possible role of afferents containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitric oxide (NO) in modulating the activity of A15 neurons. Loca

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Obrietan, Karl, and Anthony N. van den Pol. "GABAB Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of GABAA Receptor Calcium Elevations in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 3 (1998): 1360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1360.

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Obrietan, K. and Anthony N. van den Pol. GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of GABAA receptor calcium elevations in developing hypothalamic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1360–1370, 1998. In the CNS, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) affects neuronal activity through both the ligand-gated GABAA receptor channel and the G protein-coupled GABAB receptor. In the mature nervous system, both receptor subtypes decrease neural excitability, whereas in most neurons during development, the GABAA receptor increases neural excitability and raises cytosolic Ca2+ levels. We used Ca2+ digital imaging to test the hy

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ROTOLO, THOMAS C., and RAMON F. DACHEUX. "Evidence for glycine, GABAA, and GABAB receptors on rabbit OFF-alpha ganglion cells." Visual Neuroscience 20, no. 3 (2003): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523803203072.

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Inhibitory synaptic transmission via GABA and glycine receptors plays a crucial role in shaping the excitatory response of neurons in the retina. Whole-cell recordings were obtained from ganglion cells in the intact rabbit eyecup preparation to correlate GABA- and glycine-activated currents with the presence of their specific receptors on morphologically identified α ganglion cells. Alpha ganglion cells were chosen based upon their large somata when viewing the retinal surface, and responses to light and dark spots were used to identify OFF-alpha ganglion cells. Light responses were abolished

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Zhang, S. J., and M. B. Jackson. "Properties of the GABAA receptor of rat posterior pituitary nerve terminals." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 3 (1995): 1135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.3.1135.

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1. We investigated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors using thin slice patch-clamp techniques in the swellings along axons of posterior pituitary nerve terminals. 2. Activation of the nerve terminal GABAA receptor induced a mean conductance change of 1.5 nS. Normalizing to area gave a mean conductance density of 0.38 mS/cm2. 3. Whereas GABAA receptor-mediated responses could be seen in 91% of the nerve terminals tested, GABAB receptor-mediated responses could not be detected. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen had no effect on holding current or on voltage-activated K+ and Ca2+ channels

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BENSON, JACK A. "A Novel Gaba Receptor in the Heart of a Primitive Arthropod, Limulus Polyphemus." Journal of Experimental Biology 147, no. 1 (1989): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.147.1.421.

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1. The isolated, intact heart of the marine arachnid Limulus polyphemus continues to beat in vitro for many hours. Application of γaminobutyric acid (GABA) decreased the heart beat frequency with a threshold of 3xlO−7 moll−1 and an EC50 of 2.0±0.6xlO−5 moll−1 (mean±s.D., N = 8). At lO−4moll−1 and above the heart beat was completely and reversibly inhibited. 2. The agonist potency profile of the Limulus heart chronotropic GABA receptor was very similar to that of the vertebrate GABAA receptor: muscimol &gt; ZAPA&gt;GABA=⋍TACA&gt;isoguvacine&gt;THIP&gt;3-aminopropane sulphoni

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Tian, Jide, Blake Middleton, and Daniel L. Kaufman. "GABAA-Receptor Agonists Limit Pneumonitis and Death in Murine Coronavirus-Infected Mice." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13060966.

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There is an urgent need for new approaches to limit the severity of coronavirus infections. Many cells of the immune system express receptors for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and GABA-receptor (GABA-R) agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. Lung epithelial cells also express GABA-Rs, and GABA-R modulators have been shown to limit acute lung injuries. There is currently, however, no information on whether GABA-R agonists might impact the course of a viral infection. Here, we assessed whether clinically applicable GABA-R agonists could be repurposed for the treatment of a l

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Moore-Dotson, Johnnie M., Justin S. Klein, Reece E. Mazade, and Erika D. Eggers. "Different types of retinal inhibition have distinct neurotransmitter release properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00447.2014.

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Neurotransmitter release varies between neurons due to differences in presynaptic mechanisms such as Ca2+ sensitivity and timing. Retinal rod bipolar cells respond to brief dim illumination with prolonged glutamate release that is tuned by the differential release of GABA and glycine from amacrine cells in the inner retina. To test if differences among types of GABA and glycine release are due to inherent amacrine cell release properties, we directly activated amacrine cell neurotransmitter release by electrical stimulation. We found that the timing of electrically evoked inhibitory currents w

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Osawa, Yoko, Dingbang Xu, David Sternberg, et al. "Functional expression of the GABAB receptor in human airway smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 291, no. 5 (2006): L923—L931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00185.2006.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and exerts its actions via both ionotropic (GABAA/GABAC) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors (R). In addition to their location on neurons, GABA and functional GABAB receptors have been detected in nonneuronal cells in peripheral tissue. Although the GABABR has been shown to function as a prejunctional inhibitory receptor on parasympathetic nerves in the lung, the expression and functional coupling of GABAB receptors to Gi in airway smooth muscle itself have never been described. We detec

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Kantrowitz, Joshua T., N. Noelle Francis, Alejandro Salah, and Katherine L. Perkins. "Synaptic Depolarizing GABA Response in Adults Is Excitatory and Proconvulsive When GABAB Receptors Are Blocked." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 5 (2005): 2656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01026.2004.

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In the presence of 4-aminopyridine, interneurons fire synchronously, causing giant GABA-mediated postsynaptic potentials (GPSPs; GPSCs in voltage clamp) in CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices from adult guinea pigs. These triphasic GPSPs are composed of a GABAA-mediated hyperpolarizing component, a depolarizing component, and a GABAB-mediated hyperpolarizing component. We propose that GABAB receptors exert control over the postsynaptic depolarizing GABA response. Microelectrode and cell-attached recordings demonstrated that the mean number of action potentials during the depolarizing com

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Schmitt, David E., Russell H. Hill, and Sten Grillner. "The Spinal GABAergic System Is a Strong Modulator of Burst Frequency in the Lamprey Locomotor Network." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (2004): 2357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00233.2004.

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The spinal network coordinating locomotion is comprised of a core of glutamate and glycine interneurons. This network is modulated by several transmitter systems including spinal GABA interneurons. The purpose of this study is to explore the contribution of GABAergic neurons to the regulation of locomotor burst frequency in the lamprey model. Using gabazine, a competitive GABAA antagonist more specific than bicuculline, the goal was to provide a detailed analysis of the influence of an endogenous activation of GABAA receptors on fictive locomotion, as well as their possible interaction with GA

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Galvan, Adriana, Rosa M. Villalba, Sara M. West, et al. "GABAergic Modulation of the Activity of Globus Pallidus Neurons in Primates: In Vivo Analysis of the Functions of GABA Receptors and GABA Transporters." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (2005): 990–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00068.2005.

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Neurons in the external and internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi, respectively) receive substantial GABAergic inputs from the striatum and through axon collaterals of neighboring pallidal neurons. The effects of GABA on pallidal activity depend on the synaptic localization of GABA receptors and the distribution and activity of GABA transporters (GATs). To explore the contribution of GABA receptors and transporters to pallidal function, we recorded the activity of single neurons in GPe or GPi before, during, and after local microinjections of GABAergic compounds in awake rhesus

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Lummis, Sarah C. R. "Locating GABA in GABA receptor binding sites." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 6 (2009): 1343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371343.

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The Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels contains both vertebrate and invertebrate members that are activated by GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). Many of the residues that are critical for ligand binding have been identified in vertebrate GABAA and GABAC receptors, and specific interactions between GABA and some of these residues have been determined. In the present paper, I show how a cation–π interaction for one of the binding site residues has allowed the production of models of GABA docked into the binding site, and these orientations are supported by mutagenesis and functional data. Su

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Qian, Haohua, Lihong Li, Richard L. Chappell, and Harris Ripps. "GABA Receptors of Bipolar Cells From the Skate Retina: Actions of Zinc on GABA-Mediated Membrane Currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 5 (1997): 2402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2402.

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Qian, Haohua, Lihong Li, Richard L. Chappell, and Harris Ripps. GABA receptors of bipolar cells from the skate retina: actions of zinc on GABA-mediated membrane currents. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2402–2412, 1997. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)–induced currents were recorded from isolated bipolar cells of the skate retina using perforated patch-clamp methodology. Pharmacological analysis of the responses, using selective agonists and antagonists of the major classes of GABA receptor, revealed the presence of both GABAA and GABAC receptors at both the dendrites and axon terminals of the bipolar cells. T

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Ulloor, Jagadish, Vijayakumar Mavanji, Subhash Saha, Donald F. Siwek, and Subimal Datta. "Spontaneous REM Sleep Is Modulated By the Activation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental GABAB Receptors in the Freely Moving Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 4 (2004): 1822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01104.2003.

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Considerable evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system and pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) in the brain stem are critically involved in the regulation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. GABA and its various receptors are normally present in the PPT cholinergic cell compartment. The aim of this study was to identify the role of GABA and its receptors in the regulation of REM sleep. To achieve this aim, specific receptors were activated differentially by local microinjection of selective GABA receptor agonists into the PPT while quantifying its effects

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