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Yates, Derrick A., Javier Santos, Johan D. Söderholm, and Mary H. Perdue. "Adaptation of stress-induced mucosal pathophysiology in rat colon involves opioid pathways." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): G124—G128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g124.
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Acute stress increases ion secretion and permeability of rat colonic epithelium. However, it is not known if stress-induced mucosal changes are subject to adaptation. Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to either continuous water-avoidance stress (CS) for 60 min or intermittent stress (IS) for three 20-min periods. Distal colonic segments were mounted in Ussing Chambers, and ion-transport [short-circuit current ( I sc)] and permeability [conductance and flux of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)] parameters were measured. CS significantly increased I sc, conductance, and HRP flux compared with control values. In contrast, in IS rats these variables were similar to those in nonstressed controls. To study the pathways involved in IS-induced adaptation, rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with the opioid antagonists naloxone or methylnaloxone. Opioid antagonists had no effect on values in control or CS rats. However, in the IS group, naloxone and methylnaloxone reversed the adaptive responses, and all variables increased to CS values. We conclude that stress-induced colonic mucosal pathophysiology is subject to rapid adaptation, which involves opioid pathways.
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Nisztuk, Maciej, Jacek Kościuk, and Paweł Myszkowski. "Design guidelines for automated floor plan generation applications – target group survey, results and reflections." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1334.
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This article presents the results of a survey regarding architects’ expectations towards software for automated floor plan generation (AFPG) and optimisation processes in architectural design. More than 150 practising architects from Poland and abroad took part in the survey. Survey results were then extracted, ordered and interpreted with the use of data mining. The survey structure, methodology and analytical tools used are described in the paper.
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Zilm, Frank, Ruth Ann Atchley, Sabrina Gregersen, and Maisie Alice Conrad. "The Creative Healthcare Architect." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719858761.
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The objectives of the research described in this article focus on an understanding of factors that influence creativity in healthcare design. Two areas of emphasis include the personality strengths of successful healthcare architects and elements of the current project delivery process. As part of the research, 48 healthcare architects participated in a battery of personality and creativity tests including Myers/Briggs, The Big Five, the Remote Associates Test (RAT), and an architectural creativity test. Results of the test point to strong “openness” for new ideas, particularly with the designers sampled. As a group, respondents scored low in “narcistic” bias (indicating emotional stability) and did not score high in verbal creativity. Compared to earlier studies of creative architects, the sample group included significantly fewer “perceiver” (Myers/Briggs), associated with a high level of curiosity. A second interesting finding was a significant difference between younger and older architects in the architectural creativity test. One possible hypothesis is the experience of the older architects. A second, and potentially more alarming, hypothesis is that technological disruptions are interfering with the ability to stimulate divergent thinking, particularly in the younger generation raised with smart phones and other network tools. Creativity in healthcare architecture demonstrates the case for domain-specific experience and skills along with creative input from other knowledge domains. The ability to establish group creativity may be inhibited by pressures to condense project time lines and not fully implement lean and other process strategies for exploring alternative solutions. Effective participation in group creativity tasks is particularly important for the complex world of healthcare design.
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Erkan, ilker. "Early Design Stage Analysis with Brain Imaging Method." Interaction Design and Architecture(s), no. 44 (May 10, 2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-044-003.
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This study focuses on the early design phase in architectural design and aims to examine how participants transform their knowledge to make the initial decisions regarding design. A total of 100 volunteers, 50 architects and 50 non-architects, participated in the study. Architect and non-architect participants were to make mobile phone designs, while brain activities were being monitored during the research. All designs were rated by an independent group of 12 people. Supporting architectural education methods relating to the study; the aim is to make conclusions that help explain the early design stage and the overall design process which effects how the design ideas begin to take form. The study reveals the contribution of the early stages of design regarding architectural education and also that architects versus non-architects begin to create more meaningful designs during/at this stage.
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Sektani, Hawar Himdad J., Mahmood Khayat, Masi Mohammadi, and Ana Pereira Roders. "Erbil City Built Heritage and Wellbeing: An Assessment of Local Perceptions Using the Semantic Differential Scale." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073763.
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Community perceptions and experiences of built heritage are essential in understanding the built heritage and effect in individual and community wellbeing. Subsequently, local perceptions of built heritage directly influence the conservation and heritage-led interventions. This study investigated local perceptions of built heritage in Erbil by assessing responses of 414 participants using a questionnaire survey aiming to identify how built heritage is perceived by the various group samples, exploring local perceptions’ (in)consistencies. Significant differences were found between architects’ and non-architects’ perceptions and related wellbeing. As the groups attribute different values, the results suggest that heritage buildings do not contribute to the wellbeing of non-architects as much as to architects. A contradicting result was found between modern and heritage buildings. This study contributes to the notion of human-centrality of the built environment by assessing local perceptions of built heritage, that, when implemented in urban planning and heritage management, can contribute to the city’s socio-cultural sustainable development.
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Garber, Melvin P. "LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS AND THE DEMAND FOR PLANT MATERIAL." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1175d—1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1175d.
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Landscape architects occupy a strategic position in the landscape industry; yet, they have not been generally considered an important customer group by nurserymen. They influence selection of plant material for commercial, government, and residential landscapes and are generally the first to know what will be in demand. A recent survey of Georgia landscape architects found they specify $85 M of plants. This compares to the $200 M estimate for the 1989 wholesale value of nursery stock produced in Georgia. In addition, 60% of the landscape architectural firms influence which production nursery supplies plants by determining or recommending the production nursery where the landscape contractor obtains plants. More importantly, 92% of the large firms, which account for 67% of the dollar value, are involved in selection of the production nursery. The results provide the first quantitative estimate of the influence of landscape architects on nurserymen and suggest that nurserymen should view landscape architects as important customers.
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Angral, Akash. "Architect–client relationship and value addition in private residential projects." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-12-2018-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contextualise the architect–client relationship and evaluate the factors responsible for its deterioration, and then define the impact of these factors on the future needs of architects and clients, including how such knowledge can help emerging architects to develop an understanding of the profession at an early stage. It will attempt to reveal new insights and build consensus around issues, such as functionality and aesthetics, per cent-based fee structure, conflict of interest amongst architects, contractors and clients. Design/methodology/approach A combination of qualitative online survey, semi-structured interviews and online focus group discussions under the comprehensive umbrella of the case study method has been used to construct a pragmatic framework. The data collection was focused on revealed preferences rather than stated preferences, in terms of likes and dislikes, in a standard survey. Findings Overall, this paper strengthens the idea that the predicament of the profession and the marginalisation of architects is due to their detachment from clients. The findings suggest that the fee structure might be a major source of discontent and there is an urgent need for alternative routes of procurement, particularly for private residential clients. While most clients prefer functionality over aesthetics and want architects to be affordable, they are more willing to invest their trust in architects who can deliver from concept to completion. Research limitations/implications The arguments contested in this paper attempt to demystify the dynamics that are at play during the construction stage. It looks at power sharing, responsibilities and silent hierarchies that transpire between architects, clients and contractors, particularly in private residential projects. Originality/value The main recommendation of this paper is that to secure the future of the architecture profession emerging architects need to be trained more in client-centric skills than design-centric aptitude.
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Takashi Ono. "Pushing Limits of Leanness in Japanese Architecture: Modern Interpretations of the Frame Structure through Collaboration of Japanese Architects with Structural Engineers." Creative Space 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2018.52002.
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The purpose of this research paper is to clarify the design intentions and methodology behind the experimental application of the Frame Structure by some contemporary Japanese architects through collaboration with structural engineers. The ‘Frame’ is the simplest of structure systems, but was applied to iconic structures such as the Parthenon and Le Corbusier’s Dom-Ino House, each example expressing artistic concepts and technical skills of the concerned era. One of the recent concepts seen in 21st century modern Japanese architecture is the ‘pursuit of transparency and thinness’. This is especially true of SANAA, are presentative group of architects, who – in close collaboration with structural engineers – pursue the quality of extreme thinness in columns and roofs, creatively exploring new methods of using framed structures. This paper focuses on three such projects that exploit the structural aspects of frame construction and, makes an attempt to understand the architects’ intention behind the designs. It presents an analysis of the contemporary interpretation of the traditional frame structure, used by the architects to apparently dissolve the material presence of the building and make it become part of the surroundings. These innovative attempts, made possible through collaboration between architects and structural engineers, signify one of the significant expressions of modernity in Japan.
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Buinov, Alexei, and Armen Kazaryan. "Competition for a temple in Irkutsk’s Studgorodok." проект байкал, no. 79 (April 6, 2024): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/77.2274.
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The article contains brief information and a general analysis of the results of the Open All-Russian competition for the development of the best project of the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh for the Irkutsk campus, the results of which were summed up on November 22, 2023. The article presents a comparative analysis of the winning project elaborated by the creative group of Moscow architects led by Andrey Anisimov and two other projects that reached the final of the competition. The competition reflected the main focus of the creative concepts of modern architects designing Orthodox churches.
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Valen, Dustin. "Politicking for Postwar Modernism: The Architectural Research Group of Ottawa and Montreal." Articles 45, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051384ar.
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The diffusion of modernist principles in Canadian building and planning occurred through many channels, but among these the Architectural Research Group of Ottawa and Montreal played a crucial role. Formed in 1938 to conduct research into postwar reconstruction, the group produced articles, radio addresses, and exhibitions in an effort to nurture modernist sentiment across the country. For these young architects, the federal government’s commitment to replanning and rebuilding postwar Canadian cities presented them with an opportunity to intervene in the future of Canadian practice. They decried the “backwardness” of conservative practitioners while promoting the ideas of a European avant-garde and orchestrating numerous transatlantic exchanges. This article discusses the group’s role in politicking for architectural and urban modernism, as well as the contributions of some of its key members. It shows that Canadian professionals were not simply passive receptors of international modernism but played an active part in shaping these ideas during the immediate postwar period, and that Canada’s federal government played a unique role in accelerating this process by allowing modernist architects and planners to operate within and through a number of government-sponsored agencies.
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YILDIZ KUYRUKÇU, Emine, and Tuğba ÖZDEMİR ERDOĞAN. "PERCEPTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ARCHITECTURAL FACADE PERCEPTION DUE TO ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE, no. 23 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17365/tmd.2021.turkey.23.04.
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Aim: In this study, the façades of tourism buildings designed with different currents (universalism, regionalism, syncreticism, contextualism, neovernakularism) on the Antal-ya coastline, in terms of 'taste', 'chaos', 'affection', 'familiarity', by groups of architects and non-architects. It is aimed to examine how it is perceived. Method: For this purpo-se, the fronts of 20 tourism buildings from 5 different styles, designed with a modern and postmodern approach, were analyzed by 60 people through a questionnaire. In the survey, adjective pairs such as impressive / ordinary, original / imitation, coarse / elegant, modest / flamboyant, complex / plain, familiar / unfamiliar, modern / outdated, questio-ning the façade features for tourism buildings were evaluated with a five-digit semantic differentiation scale. The analysis of the data sets obtained through the questionnaire was performed with the IBM Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 For Windows statistical software package program. At the beginning of the study, it was thought that the subjects would have perception-behavioral performance differences depending on the architectural education. Results: Unlike the non-architect profession, the architect group liked the universalism, neo-natalism and regionalism movements, found it impressive and original; It was determined that he did not like the synchterism and contextualism movements as complex, rude and outdated. Conclusion: In the analysis, it was seen that the differences between architects and non-architects are statis-tically significant. As a result of the study, it was determined that there are significant differences between architects and non-architects in evaluating the adjectives of expres-siveness, complexity, familiarity and originality. İndividuals who do not have an archi-tectural education are familiar with the traditional inspired structures, and they find the-se structures impressive It is for the individuals who study architecture to find modern and regionalist structures impressive and original.
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Oxman, Robert, Hadas Shadar, and Ehud Belferman. "Casbah: a brief history of a design concept." Architectural Research Quarterly 6, no. 4 (December 2002): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503001854.
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Pugh, Emily. "From “National Style” to “Rationalized Construction”." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.1.87.
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From “National Style” to “Rationalized Construction”: Mass-Produced Housing, Style, and Architectural Discourse in the East German Journal Deutsche Architektur, 1956–1964 examines architectural critique of housing and style as it unfolded in the East German journal Deutsche Architektur (German architecture) from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s. Through an analysis of articles published in the journal as well as primary source documents, Emily Pugh investigates the reception of newly built housing developments in East Germany by a group of influential socialist architects, historians, and critics who were then writing for Deutsche Architektur. Pugh highlights individual architects’ attempts to subvert or resist the control of state and party authorities and considers how these individuals’ efforts might have influenced the development of the East German building economy. She also argues that these architects’ understanding of architectural modernism differed from that of their counterparts in the Cold War West, having been influenced by political and economic circumstances specific to East Germany.
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Zhao, Shenghuan. "Using artificial neural network and WebGL to algorithmically optimize window wall ratios of high-rise office buildings." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 638–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab005.
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Abstract By coupling parametric modeling, building performance simulation engines, and optimization algorithms, optimal design choices regarding predefined building performance objectives can be automatically obtained. This becomes an emerging research topic among scholars in the fields of architecture and built environment. However, it is not easy to apply this method to real building design projects, because of two main drawbacks: Building performance simulation is too time consuming, and the numerical visualization of final results is not intuitive for architects to make decisions. Therefore, this study tries to fill these two gaps by training an artificial neural network to replace simulation engines and developing a web application to speed up the 3D visualization of selected design choices. These two strategies are applied to optimize office towers’ window wall ratios in Hangzhou, China. Architects working on new design projects in that city can obtain the optimal group of window wall ratios for four facades in 2 s, faster than using simulation engines, which cost architects 2 weeks. Moreover, architects can also efficiently observe the appearance of design solutions with the web application. By improving its usability from these two aspects, this study significantly improves the applicability of algorithmic optimization for building design projects.
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Novas-Ferradás, María, María Carreiro-Otero, and Cándido López-González. "Galician Female Architects—A Critical Approach to Inequality in the Architectural Profession (1931–1986)." Arts 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010033.
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The remoteness of Galicia, a cultural and linguistic bridge between Portugal and Spain, did not prevent it from playing a significant role in the history of female architects in the Iberian Peninsula. Nine Galician pioneers have carved the path since the first generation of Spanish female architects outlined the precedents during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). They were also present in an initial period, even if housewifization theories were intensively fueled by the dictatorship (1939–1975); likewise during the continuity period in the transition to democracy (1975–1982), and the second wave of feminism. However, it would not be until progressive democratic institutionalization (1982–1986) that more women gained access to architectural studies in university (consolidation period); but what is the legacy of these pioneers? Are Galician female architects ‘in transition’ yet? Based on data primarily collected by research group MAGA and released publications, this piece explores how, despite their achievements, their recognition is still superficial. And even if the number of undergraduate students reached quantitative equality, female practitioners continue to leave architecture and these numbers are increasing. Towards a critical approach to inequality in the profession, this article researches the history—and stories—of Galician female architects to examine how far we are from effective equality in the Galician architectural world.
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Lee, Hyung-Sook, and Eun-Yeong Park. "Developing a Landscape Sustainability Assessment Model Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010301.
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With the increasing interest in integrative sustainable development, there has been a strong need for a landscape sustainability assessment tool independent from the existing green building rating system. This study aimed to establish an assessment model to objectively evaluate landscape sustainability using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through an extensive literature review and expert survey, an initial list of assessment items was derived and used to set up an AHP model. An AHP survey with landscape architects and architects/engineers was then conducted to determine the importance of the assessment factors. In addition, the model was applied to three projects that were previously certified by a green building rating system in Korea. The AHP results showed that “site context” ranked as the most important factor of landscape sustainability followed by “soil and vegetation,” “maintenance,” “water,” “health and wellbeing,” and “materials.” Among the 20 assessment factors, “monitoring plan” was evaluated as the most important index, followed by “protection of cultural heritage” and “long-term management plan.” Landscape architects evaluated “soil and vegetation” as the most important in the assessment, while the engineers/architects group rated “site context” as the most important. When tested by applying them to the previously certified projects, the developed factors provided more objective and detailed information on landscape sustainability.
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Neméthová, Lucie. "Antonín Goller, Stephan Tragl, Johann Koch: Méně známí architekti ve službách severočeské a východočeské šlechty ve druhé polovině 19. století." AUC PHILOSOPHICA ET HISTORICA 2021, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24647055.2023.5.
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In the second half of the 19th century, many architects worked for noble members of the house of Morzin and subsequently the house of Czernin-Morzin in Vrchlabí and other mansions in North Bohemia. Among these architects, famous names such as Achille Wolf or Josef Schulz can be found; this text, however, concerns itself with these lesserknown, namely Antonín Goller (1833–1880), Stephan Tragl (1845–1891), and Johann Koch (1850–1915). The main objective of this text is to give the most comprehensive view possible of the work and personalities of these three very diverse architects. The oldest of the three, Antonín Goller, was an active member of the Association of Architects and Engineers in the Kingdom of Bohemia and author of numerous conversions of aristocratic residences. Second architect, Stephan Tragl, established a successful architectural studio in Prague-Smíchov in the 1880s and was the author of many impressive buildings, among which excels a group of sacral buildings in neo-Gothic and neo-Romanesque style. Unlike the previous two, the work of Johann Koch is, for the most part, concentrated abroad in Latvian Riga. Here he was an architect of many highly representative public buildings in Italian neo-Renaissance style and even today is highly appreciated.
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Drėmaitė, Marija. "Migrant modernists: The making of national architects in Lithuania in the 1930s and their survival strategies in the 1950s." Journal of Modern European History 18, no. 4 (July 25, 2020): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894420943041.
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The new national states that emerged on the European map in 1918 following the collapse of the great European empires in the wake of World War I became enthusiastic participants in the race to modernise, hoping to keep pace with global trends and become more European in the process. Renewal was the central goal of many European cities. This was particularly so in the newly restored cities or those newly designated as administrative capitals such as Kaunas, which became the provisional capital of the Republic of Lithuania from 1919 to 1939. These cities faced similar challenges: ridding themselves of imperial pasts, architectural legacies and symbols, changing their urban environment, creating new political centres and constructing new government facilities. The question of national architects became similarly important. Through the lives of the modern architects who were compelled to change their citizenship or suffered exile, forced migration or genocide, we can study the effect of social and political change, and in particular political ruptures. This paper follows how architects, collectively as well as individually, developed as a modern group of socially engaged intellectuals in 1930s. It then considers how they reacted to political changes, such as the first communist occupation of Lithuania in 1940, the subsequent Nazi occupation in 1941, and the return of the Red Army in 1944, when most of the architects in private practice emigrated to the West. Finally, it illustrates how those architects who remained adapted to the new political rule in Soviet Lithuania in the 1950s.
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Baia, Pedro, Nuno Correia, and Carolina Garcia Estevez. "Editorial Joelho 10." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 10 (December 25, 2019): 005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_10_0.
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The title of this issue is composed by three moments of focus: Team 10 / Debate and Media / Portugal and Spain. The main focus addresses Team 10 as a group of architects who were dealing with the renovation process of Modern Architecture after the Second World War. Known as an informal group, Team 10 was however a platform of discussion, based on a complex network of several individual links with schools of architecture, architectural magazines, editors, writers and artists. That network is analysed in the second moment of focus. The last moment is a cultural and geographical one. In part because of their specific languages and political situations, Portugal and Spain were two countries geographically and culturally far from the centre of Europe. Although, despite that distance, there were many architects who managed to break this cultural detachment.
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Evans, Ed. "The Power of Data: Fixing Banking and the Climate." ITNOW 63, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwab067.
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Abstract Ed Evans FBCS has been following developments in data and energy. He details a presentation given to the Data Management Specialist Group by Gavin Starks, CEO of Icebreaker One and one of the architects of open banking and open energy.
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Khan, Tareef Hayat, Jia Beisi, and Tapan Kumar Dhar. "Architects' Design Options in Self Built Houses: Lessons from Bangladesh." Open House International 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2010-b0005.
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The paper tries to compare the qualitative difference between professional and pragmatic design solutions in self-built houses. Self-built houses are defined here as permanently constructed houses in urban context, generally used as the primary shelter of the users belonging to middle income group, and most likely to be constructed under own informal management and own investment. The study starts with the question why pragmatic solutions seem to be more effective than professional decisions in self-built houses, even though state regulations try to engage architects in housing decisions. This study adopts ethnographic method to find the implicit reasons behind pragmatic decisions during initial as well as different stages of transformations in the houses, and suggests how professional decisions might become more effective when it is molded with the subjective values of users. It also suggests that knowing these values can be one basic way to bring architects closer to these users, and let architects play social as well as professional role in a field which has not been explored much by architectural practitioners throughout architectural history.
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Karczewska, Anna Maria. "From Bauhaus to Our House: Tom Wolfe contra modernist architecture." Świat i Słowo 34, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3069.
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In his 1981 book-length essay From Bauhaus To Our House, Tom Wolfe not only presents a compact history of modernist architecture, devoting the pages to masters such as Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius or Ludwig Mies van der Rohe but also frontally attacks modern architecture and complains that a small group of architects took over control of people’s aesthetic choices. According to Wolfe, modern buildings wrought destruction on American cities, sweeping away their vitality and diversity in favour of the pure, abstract order of towers in a row. Modernist architects, on the other hand, saw the austere buildings of concrete, glass and steel as signposts of a new age, as the physical shelter for a new, utopian society. This article attempts to analyse Tom Wolfe’s selected criticisms of the modernist architecture presented in From Bauhaus to Our House. In order to understand Wolfe’s discontent with modernist architecture’s basic tenets of economic, social, and political conditions that prompted architects to pursue a modernist approach to design will be discussed.
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Zanini, Enrico. "TECHNOLOGY AND IDEAS: ARCHITECTS AND MASTER-BUILDERS IN THE EARLY BYZANTINE WORLD." Late Antique Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2008): 379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000095.
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Eastern literary and epigraphic sources from the 5th and 6th centuries A.D. mention several architects/engineers in the service of the imperial court at Constantinople. They give us an idea of the scientific knowledge, technical expertise and social status of these men. A larger group of architects and master-builders are also attested. They operated mainly in a lower-key, local context, but they also moved abroad to answer the requests of patrons. A comparison between the written sources and archaeology allows us to reconstruct some examples of the mobility of people and ideas, and to advance some hypotheses about the development of building material culture in the late antique eastern Mediterranean world.
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Casanova, Rossend. "The Vision of Utopia." Global Design, no. 47 (2012): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/47.a.osauwkm3.
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Designed in late 1932 by Josep Lluís Sert and Josep Torres Clavé, Casa Bloc is one of the paradigmatic works of these architects who represented the most active core of the Modern Movement in Catalonia, known as GATCPAC (Group of Catalan Architects and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture), founded in 1930 echoing the Spanish GATEPAC. I use the word “paradigm” in the sense of a theoretical framework or set of theories. In fact, Casa Bloc was not only the first major social housing building in Barcelona conceived in functional terms but it also exemplifies the reception in this city of the notions of the Modern Movement and how the guidelines recently approved in the 4th CIRPAC Congress were applied.
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Al-Kharusi, Hamood, Suraya Miskon, and Mahadi Bahari. "Enterprise Architecture Development Approach in the Public Sector." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 14, no. 4 (October 2018): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2018100109.
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Despite the increasing interest to adopt enterprise architecture (EA) concept, there is a scarcity of literature that discusses the development of EA in the public sector. Hence, the purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the development approach of EA in the public sector. The research used a qualitative case study to build an in-depth understanding of the development approach as well as the enterprise architects roles and the stakeholders' roles played at each development stage. The government architecture framework (GAF) of the Omani public sector was used as the case study that included GAF documentation review and interviews with architects and stakeholders who participated in the development of GAF. The findings showed that the GAF development started by establishing architecture knowledge, EA frameworks & IT standards analysis, high-level architecture framework, working group formation and the development of architecture documents. The enterprise architects had six roles whereas the stakeholders played three roles during the development of GAF. The findings are expected to expand the knowledge of the EA development approach to promote developing a standard EA framework for the public sector.
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Riaubiene, Edita, Eglė Navickeinė, and Dalia Dijokienė. "The profile of Lithuanian architects in relation to the professional generations active today." Landscape architecture and art 22, no. 22 (December 20, 2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2023.22.07.
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The research focuses on the professional profile of architects by analyzing their identity and creative principles. The aim is to explore the professional community of Lithuanian architects who are currently shaping the built environment, to identify their heterogeneity in terms of professional generations. The problem of the research is shaped by the current controversies in the field of architecture concerning the changing status, activities, and responsibilities of the architect. The relevance of the study lies in several aspects: the lack of in-depth sociological research on the professional community of Lithuanian architects; the attempt to verify and clarify the results of the semi-structured interview study Lithuanian Architects on Architecture, and the reflection on the global architectural situation and the new agenda for architectural design towards a high quality built environment. The study adopted a mixed methods research design. This involved the collection, analysis, and interpretation of both quantitative and qualitative data. This methodology is chosen because the research requires a complex and multifaceted approach to the phenomenon of architecture and the problems of architectural practice. It also allowed a larger group of research participants to be reached (450 respondents). The questionnaire contains 13 questions, each is structured in a multiple-choice format, with one option being an open-ended question. The questions are grouped under several themes: 1) the nature and fields of architectural practice and the concept of architecture; 2) the scope of practice and the allocation of professional time; 3) selfdetermination and professional loyalty; and 4) creative principles. Descriptive statistical methods were used to process the survey data. Content analysis and, to some extent, thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative data from open-ended questions. The study highlights that the professional generations of architects analyzed follow the general trend of architecture, refuting the hypothesis that the approach of each generation is significantly different. However, it has been observed that the representatives of each generation show a particular attitude in a specific area, which indicates the dynamics of an attitude or predicts a change in the architectural community as a whole. The youngest generation of architects is an indicator of change. It is characterized by seeing a great diversity of aspects in architecture and architectural practice.
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Kelly, Madeleine Jane Swete, and Glenda Amayo Caldwell. "Responsible Reconstruction: The Architect’s Role." Open House International 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0003.
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This paper investigates the role of the architect in post-disaster reconstruction and questions their ability to facilitate permanent building solutions. There is an ever-increasing population of refugees and internally displaced persons due to disasters and conflicts who have a basic need for shelter. To date, housing solutions for such people has tended to focus on short-term, temporary shelter solutions that have been largely unsuccessful. This increasing demand for shelter has led to an emerging group of architects skilled in post-disaster reconstruction. These architects acknowledge that shelter is critical to survival, but believe architects should focus on rebuilding in a manner that is quick, durable but permanent. They believe that an architect skilled in post-disaster reconstruction can produce solutions that meet the requirement of the emergency phase, through to semi-permanent and even permanent homes, without wasting time and money on interim shelters. Case Study Research was used to examine and evaluate the assistance provided by Emergency Architects Australia (EAA) to the Kei Gold community in the Solomon Islands after the 2007 earthquake and tsunami. The results indicate that an architect’s response to a disaster must go beyond providing temporary shelter; they must create permanent building solutions that respond to the site and the culture while servicing the needs of the community. The vernacular reconstruction methods implemented by EAA in Kei Gold Village have been successful in developing permanent housing solutions. Further research and development is required to gain a broader understanding of the role of the architect in disasters of varying scales and typologies.
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Mulhern, Colum. "Town Hall in Koerich: Building for People, Not for Architects." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 4 (November 13, 2023): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi4.657.
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When in 2014 a shoebox-like project was announced as the winner of an architectural competition to extend the eighteenth-century vernacular town hall in the village of Koerich, there was a public uproar. Concerned citizens formed a pressure group called Quo Vadis to oppose the project, and opposition politicians promised to abandon it if they won the upcoming elections. It was then that one of the municipal technicians suggested they ask an Irish immigrant architect, the only one seemingly producing Luxembourger buildings in Luxembourg, to make a proposal.
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Linzey, Kate. "John Sidney Swan: a genuine article." Architectural History Aotearoa 1 (December 5, 2004): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v1i0.7892.
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The architect John Sidney Swan (1874-1936) represents a little represented group in the history of New Zealand architecture. At the establishment of the New Zealand Institute of Architects in 1905, Swan was one of few architects present, along with William Gray Young (1895-1962), who had been trained in New Zealand through the article system. While training "on the job" was a common occurrence in the early development of the building industry in this country, few of these architects achieved great renown. Swan however, was a prominent architect in his day, designing Erskine Chapel in Island Bay (1906), Saint Gerard's Church in Mount Victoria (1908) and an unbuilt proposal for a Roman Catholic Basilica in Dufferin Street (1912).
This renown may have been due to Swan's mentor, Fredrick de Jersey Clere, the vocal English émigré architect. However, this mentorship does not wholly explain Swan's prolific, and sometimes eccentric practice. This paper is part of an ongoing project to document Swan's work, and develop an understanding of his particular style, which, on the one hand, reflects an awareness of the contemporary English fashions, and yet, on the other, rejoices in an almost theatrical excessiveness, quite contrary both to the evolving architectural austerity of modernism, and Clere's more restrained style.
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Pérez Martín, Jose Luis Javier, Antonio Rodríguez Sánchez, and Silvia Arbaiza Blanco-Soler. "Los arquitectos conservadores de zona = The conservative architects of zone." Anales de Edificación 3, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ade.2017.3677.
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El conocimiento de la historia de la conservación de nuestro Patrimonio Construido, precisa del estudio del marco político y social de cada periodo, la integración de las corrientes internacionales, su adaptación, desarrollo normativo, estructuras organizativas, etc., para finalmente prestar atención a las personas que llevaron a cabo las intervenciones, entendiendo su propio debate intelectual y crítico. Entre las distintas respuestas estructuradas, encontramos un grupo de Arquitectos dotados de entidad propia, respaldados por un amplio marco legislativo, al que no se ha prestado una atención específica como grupo, aunque si a sus componentes, dada su notoriedad individual. Nos referimos a los denominados Arquitectos de Zona o Arquitectos Conservadores de Zona, cuya figura es fijada por la Ley de 1933, o mejor dicho por su Reglamento de 1936, aunque su existencia es anterior, permaneciendo hasta los albores de la Democracia.AbstractThe knowledge of the history of the conservation of our Built Heritage, requires the study of the political and social framework of each period, the integration of international currents, their adaptation, normative development, organizational structures, etc., to finally pay attention to the people who carried out the interventions understanding their own intellectual and critical debate. Among the different structured responses, we find a group of architects endowed with their own entity, backed by a broad legislative framework, which has not been given specific attention as a group, although its components, given its individual notoriety. We refer to the so-called Zone Architects or Area Conservation Architects, whose figure is set by the Law of 1933, or rather by its Regulations of 1936, although its existence is earlier, remaining until the dawn of Democracy.
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Preston, Hamish. "Listening, Appraising and Composing: Case Studies in Music." British Journal of Music Education 11, no. 1 (March 1994): 15–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505170000200x.
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Abstract:Teachers describe work with pupils aged 10 to 15 which explores the connection between listening, appraising and composing and other aspects of listening as a learning process. These case studies provide evidence of how a group of Berkshire teachers make connections that were envisaged by the architects of the National Curriculum but not necessarily encountered in practice.
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Tostões, Ana. "High Density and the Investigations in Collective Form." High Density, no. 50 (2014): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.a.ecsq8myj.
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The debates that followed the World Design Conference (WoDeCo, Tokyo, 1960) on the search for a “total Image for the 20th Century” pointed out among worldwide designers, architects and planners, viewpoints and intellectual ideas concerning the future of the city, particularly in the wake of technological and scientific advancement in industry. At the time of the WoDeCo, progressive architects formed the “Metabolism” group and proposed their concepts for dealing with the increasing complexity of the cities rising. Debating over the ideal city and promoting a kind of experimental architecture based on ideas of life styles and communities for a new era, its biological name suggests that buildings and cities should be designed in the same organic way that the material substance of a natural organism propagates adapting to its environment by changing its forms in rapid succession.
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Gold, John R. "‘A Very Serious Responsibility’? The MARS Group, Internationally and Relations with CIAM, 1933–39." Architectural History 56 (2013): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00002501.
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In an interview recorded shortly before his death in 1987, Maxwell Fry recalled the birth of Modern architecture in Great Britain around a half-century earlier. In the course of discussing the work of the Modern Architectural Research (MARS) Group — the society that he had helped to establish in February 1933 and of which he was then the last surviving founder-member — Fry highlighted the links between architects in Britain and their continental European counterparts. Observing that MARS was first established on the basis of an invitation that Wells Coates had received to form a British chapter of the Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), he noted that the Group had immediately gained an entrée into an international forum that functioned as a unique gathering point for the architectural avant-garde. At the same time, he asserted that membership brought with it commitments that conferred ‘a very serious responsibility’.CIAM was not, of course, the only conduit for the links that MARS members had with the wider world, but in many ways it was the MARS Group’s relationship with the ‘international community of modern architects […] made visible in the foundation of CIAM’ which defined it and differentiated it from other architectural groupings of its day. Most other such bodies initially coalesced around a single manifesto or exhibition and then quickly fell apart when their members found that they had little in common apart from an enthusiasm for Modernism. By contrast, MARS retained an enduring purpose through its membership of CIAM.
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Hasegawa, Shiho. "A study of the biological concept in architectural thought: A comparison between 'Der raum als membran' (1926) and 'Metabolism' (1960)." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, no. 3 (2019): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1903427h.
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This study analyzes the biological influence on the architecture in the 20th century by focusing on two particular biological architectural thought; "Der Raum als Membran (Space as Membrane)" by Siegfried Ebeling in 1926 and "Metabolism" by a group of Japanese architects in 1960. First, I discuss "Der Raum als Membran". Ebeling saw architecture or space as a biological membrane, like skin or a cell, and he proposed a theory of biological architecture. He not only introduced into planning an environment this biological metaphor with its flexibility of a membrane but also incorporated a biological concept like Umwelt. Second, I investigate a manifesto by the name of "Metabolism", which was produced in 1960 by a group of Japanese architects. They thought buildings and urban designs had an existence and underwent metabolism, which is a basic function of living things, and proposed variable and proliferate architectures having dynamic time spans. By comparing these biological architectural concepts, I point out three main similarities: 1) the expansion of the biological concept into architecture; 2) the cell as a metaphor; and 3) dynamic buildings or urban design. Although the authors had different backgrounds, all of them introduced new architectural ideas in their own times.
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Cranfield, Steven. "Creativity and working knowledge: what healthcare managers can learn from architects." Journal of Work-Applied Management 12, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwam-01-2020-0004.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a qualitative observational study of how middle managers in healthcare in the UK on a work-based masters programme in leadership were introduced to foundational aspects of creativity and delivering innovation through an assignment on contemporary architectural design.Design/methodology/approachThe assignment involved individual research of a recent architectural design followed by group poster presentations of findings and structured analysis. No prior knowledge of design was required. An activity theory approach was used to explore common principles of creativity and leading innovation, key features of design processes and tools for facilitating implementation.FindingsA total of 89 managers in seven cohorts completed the assignment. Data from process records and group work, artefacts and follow-up evaluation questionnaires were analysed within an interpretive approach. Analysis of data lent support for the view that exploring architectural design as an activity system helped participants to develop conceptual and applied links between management performance, creative collaboration and delivering innovation in their own, different field of practice. Where participants expressed limited self-efficacy regarding the capacity for fostering creativity, this was usually ascribed to systemic inhibitors.Practical implicationsExploring architectural design could provide a relatively low-cost, highly stimulating component of management development programmes seeking to harness the contribution of creative industries to foster work-based creativity and innovation.Originality/valueThis study explores a novel use of architectural design within the context of work-applied development programmes for healthcare managers.
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Ruan, Xing. "Accidental Affinities: American Beaux-Arts in Twentieth-Century Chinese Architectural Education and Practice." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991810.
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This essay looks at the adoption of American Beaux-Arts in China. China's first architecture school was established in the 1920s in Nanjing. The Nanjing School enjoyed a prosperous time in the 1940s when a group of young architects joined the faculty. Most of them had been trained in the 1920s at the University of Pennsylvania under Paul Philippe Cret. The most prominent among them was Yang Tingbao, a star pupil of Cret's. Yang became one of the most influential architects and educators in twentieth-century China, and he remained the spiritual leader of the Nanjing School until his death in 1982. The early history of Chinese architectural education and of Yang's practice shows accidental affinities that have marked the encounters between two cultural frames. Based on a selected "thick description" of Yang's teaching and architectural works between the 1920s and 1980s, this article suggests that the Beaux-Arts method, from its early contacts to its later transformations, has corresponded to Chinese artisan traditions in a series of interesting areas. They include the process of cultivation in producing and appreciating a craft, axial planning and space perception, and close collaboration between architects and builders. Instead of underlining cultural difference, I attempt to shed some light on the entangled nuances between the universal Beaux-Arts method and the traditions of one of its adopted localities, China.
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Pinzón‑Ayala, Daniel. "Los acuartelamientos de la Guardia Civil proyectados por arquitectas. Revisión de sus contribuciones en los últimos cincuenta años = Civil guard barracks designed by women architects. A review of their contributions over the last fifty years." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 23 (October 30, 2022): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2022.4989.
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ResumenLas casas cuartel de la Guardia Civil conforman un heterogéneo conjunto de arquitecturas híbridas, en donde confluyen espacios laborales y residenciales. Su formalización tipológica por parte de la Institución no se efectuaría de manera decidida y continuada hasta la Segun-da República. En ese proceso, que continúa hasta la actualidad, ha participado un nutrido y, en gran medida desconocido, grupo de arquitectos, ingenieros militares y aparejadores, con una presencia reducida de arquitectas. A pesar de esa menor cuantía, su participación también es digna de ser reseñable, ya que en estos últimos cincuenta años también han con-tribuido a la evolución y modernización de las casas cuartel como tipología militar única en nuestro país. Por este motivo, en este artículo se pone el foco en una serie de arquitectas, en sus proyectos y en sus aportaciones, acorde con cada periodo histórico y con la propia infor-mación facilitada por ellas.AbstractThe barracks of the Civil Guard are a heterogeneous group of hybrid architectures, where work and residential spaces converge. Their typological formalisation by the institution did not take place in a decisive and continuous manner until the Second Republic. In this process, which continues to the present day, a large and largely unknown group of architects, military engineers and quantity surveyors took part, with a reduced presence of women architects. Despite this smaller number, their participation is also worthy of note, as over the last fifty years they have also contributed to the evolution and modernisation of the barracks houses as a unique military typology in our country. For this reason, this article focuses on a series of women architects, their projects and their contributions, in accordance with each historical period and with the information provided by them.
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Navarro Catalán, David Miguel. "Los arquitectos de las fundaciones jesuitas valencianas." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2016.3664.
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The remarkable collection of buildings constructed by the Society of Jesus in the old Kingdom of Valencia was completed over the course of an extensive process that began in the 16<sup>th</sup> century. The purpose of this article is to examine the different historical phases of this process and reveal some previously unknown aspects with the aid of unpublished documentation. A great number of craftsmen took part in these works, including a group of architects who were members of the Society whose activity has been disregarded until now. The writings of Fathers Gaspar Alfonso and Diego Olcina on the construction of the Valencian foundations have added to our knowledge of new architects who were members of the Society in the ambit of the old Jesuit province of Aragón. The article also presents the activity of largely unknown craftsmen external to the order, especially Gaspar Martínez, who participated in the construction of numerous Society buildings.
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NENADIC, STANA. "ARCHITECT-BUILDERS IN LONDON AND EDINBURGH, c. 1750–1800, AND THE MARKET FOR EXPERTISE." Historical Journal 55, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x12000192.
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ABSTRACTEighteenth-century architect-builders were a small group, but important for understanding the market strategies of knowledge-based experts in an age of rapid growth in technical information before the creation of modern professions. This article confronts a teleological historiography of emerging professionalization. It is focused on Robert Mylne and several of his contemporaries in Edinburgh and London, including a number of successful London-based Scots who were active as architects, builders, engineers, and surveyors, and self-styled in all these areas when it suited them. It supplies an account of what it took for building experts to establish themselves and flourish in big cities and the ways in which such experts navigated, controlled, and accommodated an environment of unregulated expertise that largely suited contemporary practitioners. Individual, family, and collective market strategies are examined in detail and the final section is a close analysis of the activities of the Architects Club in the 1790s.
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Browning, William, and Jim Determan. "Outcomes of Biophilic Design for Schools." Architecture 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2024): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture4030026.
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Biophilia is the theory that humans are innately connected to nature. As a basis for forming built space, biophilic design has been proven to reduce stress, improve cognition and enhance mood—it makes us happier. In the last 20 years, research in learning spaces has shown an association between biophilic design and student mood, calmness and improved standardized test scores. In 2019, a group of architects, scientists and educators led an experiment involving 6th-grade Math students at the Green Street Academy, which found that student stress was significantly reduced and learning significantly improved in a classroom enriched with biophilic strategies. The architects applied these strategies to the design of Bethel Hanberry Elementary School, and after a year of occupancy, an independent assessment found positive perceptions of the biophilic design, fewer behavior referrals, better teacher retention, lower absenteeism and improved test scores. In both a controlled research experiment and real-world application, the design of learning space, using biophilic strategies, has a significant impact.
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Carneiro, Beatriz. "Oficina sobre Território: um estudo sobre os Areais de Itaguaí." Revista Prumo 5, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24168/revistaprumo.v5i8.1264.
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This article aims to document the workshop sobre território that happened in 2018 as an initiative by the group of student who organized the ninth edition of the Architecture Week of PUC-Rio and young Brazilian architects. The main purpose of the study was to understand and propose interventions in the area of Itaguaí’s Dunes, where sand mining exploration for civil construction in Rio de Janeiro take place.
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Mohd Amar, Ismah Sumayyah, and Mohd Hisham Ariffin. "Retention factors of experienced Malay male Architects in Malaysian architectural design consultant firms in the Klang Valley, Malaysia." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926603004.
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The Malaysian construction industry suffers from a high rate of talent attrition within architecture design consultant firms which hinders these firms from competing locally and globally. This talent attrition hinders strategic nurturing of employees needed to sustain the firms’ involvement in the global market. This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the factors that contribute to employee retention of a purposive sample of ten male professional Malay Architects in Malaysian architecture consulting firms in the Klang Valley. It explored the reasons for respondents remaining with their employers through data collected from qualitative interviews. The data in the form of interview transcripts, interview memos and analysis memos were analyzed using category coding to generate meaning units and categories of employment retention. The analysis was based upon Alderfer’s ERG motivation theory and intrinsic motivations. It was found that existence needs (convenience, physiological needs, material security), relatedness needs (group belongingness, social needs, family obligation, friendship obligation, employment group obligation, social obligation, and social esteem), growth needs (self esteem and self-actualization) and intrinsic motives (choices, progress, competence and meaningfulness) underlie the employment retention of the respondents. The research findings provide insights about Malay male Architects employment retention factors in Malaysian architecture consulting firms.
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Piekunko‐Mantiuk, Iwona, and Piotr Trusiewicz. "BIM—A new paradigm for building and maintaining a manufacturer‐architect relationship." ce/papers 6, no. 2 (September 2023): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2090.
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AbstractThe adoption of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology significantly impacts the ways, in which the building industry operates. This technology not only provides all industry participants with numerous advantages, but also brings new types of relationships and ways in which it can be utilized. Taking into account the fact that many companies have incorporated relationship marketing into their strategies, manufacturers of building materials should look to ways of digitalization to shape collaboration with architects most of all. It seems inevitable when considering that relationship marketing paves the way to competitive value creation. In addition, relationships equip marketers with data and knowledge, which could play a significant role in developing markets and new products, as well as supporting sales departments by providing solid leads. The aim of this paper was to indicate what kind of role BIM methodology could have in establishing long‐term relationships in the manufacturer‐architect line. In research, we focus on the manufacturer's perspective and show possibilities for long‐term cooperation with architects. In this research, a mixed methodology approach has been used, in which a systematic review of the literature, an own survey on a group of architects, and a case study based on a solution used by one of the clients of the BIM ALLY. The possibilities of using BIM as a marketing communication channel, sales channel, and channel for obtaining key data and information about the users of digital models were proven and indicated.
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Al-Sayed, Kinda, Ruth Conroy Dalton, and Christoph Hölscher. "Discursive design thinking: The role of explicit knowledge in creative architectural design reasoning." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000065.
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AbstractThe main hypothesis investigated in this paper is based upon the suggestion that the discursive reasoning in architecture supported by an explicit knowledge of spatial configurations can enhance both design productivity and the intelligibility of design solutions. The study consists of an examination of an architect's performance while solving intuitively a well-defined problem followed by an analysis of the spatial structure of their design solutions. One group of architects will attempt to solve the design problem logically, rationalizing their design decisions by implementing their explicit knowledge of spatial configurations. The other group will use an implicit form of such knowledge arising from their architectural education to reason about their design acts. An integrated model of protocol analysis combining linkography and macroscopic coding is used to analyze the design processes. The resulting design outcomes will be evaluated quantitatively in terms of their spatial configurations. The analysis appears to show that an explicit knowledge of the rules of spatial configurations, as possessed by the first group of architects can partially enhance their function-driven judgment producing permeable and well-structured spaces. These findings are particularly significant as they imply that an explicit rather than an implicit knowledge of the fundamental rules that make a layout possible can lead to a considerable improvement in both the design process and product. This suggests that by externalizing the design knowledge and restructuring it in a design model, creative thought can efficiently be evolved and stimulated.
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Tostões, Ana. "Fumihiko Maki." Modern Southeast Asia, no. 57 (2017): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/57.a.1epyj4q9.
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Contributing to the debate on the development of modern architecture in the Asian countries, in March 2017, Ana Tostões interviewed Fumihiko Maki, one of the greatest Asian architects engaged with the modern project, and member of the Metabolism group. Maki is currently developing a number of projects in Asia, including the Taipei Main Station Redevelopment in Taiwan, Shenzhen Sea World Culture and Arts Center in China, and the New City Hall of Yokohama, Japan.
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Ferkai, András. "Modernity in the wilderness? Architects’ role in developing rural Hungary, 1930–1960." Journal of Modern European History 18, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894420943782.
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The aim of this article is to survey a longer period in Hungarian architecture starting from around 1930 and into the 1960s in order to investigate how subsequent generations of modern architects related to the social and housing problems of the countryside. It is widely held that although social sensitivity was a dominant feature of the modernist agenda, it was limited to an urban context, with little regard for rural areas unfamiliar to the movement’s leading proponents. Since the most radical and best-organized group of Hungarian architects was a section of the international organization Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne, their theoretical work was largely guided by the group’s centre in Zürich. This article traces some of the visions that were set against these ‘imported ideas’ and the extent to which these visions could be realized under the Horthy regime, which was at the time gradually moving towards the far-right. Furthermore, it maps the process that led to the confrontation between modernists and regionalists in the early 1940s. It also shows how the bipolar discourse revolving around social modernization was resolved by the democratic transformations of 1945, which set the stage for temporary cooperation between rivalling factions and led to architects reaching an understanding with reconstruction in mind. However, the hope for a strong and independent farming class and long-term development and planning policies backed by peasant parties was dashed by the communist breakthrough in 1948 As a result, the issue of rural housing would be raised anew only in the 1960s, when the Kádár regime made concessions to the collectivized peasantry. In the final section of this article, I will discuss why both the functionalist modern and regionalist models offered by architects failed. The family house type, which had been spontaneously developed by ‘self-help building’ and was condemned by the architecture profession in a new debate of the 1960s, cannot be explained by mere ideological or cultural discrepancies but through a profound socio-psychological analysis.
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Sala, Giorgia, and Nicolas Moucheront. "Construction and communication of Falchera: An INA-Casa neighborhood in Turin by Giovanni Astengo." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 9, no. 3 (2017): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1703285s.
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Falchera is a social housing estate in the periphery of Turin designed by Giovanni Astengo and a group of architects in the fifties, in the context of the INA-Casa program. Imagined as an ideal organic neighbourhood, it was representative of an aspiration to a community life in peri-urban areas developed within the Comunità movement lead by Adriano Olivetti. Architecture was one of the media used to communicate an ideal of life. The design process followed by Astengo and the architects of Falchera thus had to adapt to communication strategies. The concept of organic neighbourhood was developed down to the scale of architectural detail through the use of an hexagonal pattern which created many difficulties on the building site as attested by archive documents conserved in Venice and in Turin. The civic centre concentrates the complexity of the whole project in one element, a mushroom-form column used to characterized the main square. In spite of problems with realisation and maintenance, this place still contributes to the identification of the inhabitants of Falchera with their neighbourhood.
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Garber, M. P. "Focusing Extension Resources to Diverse Clientele." HortTechnology 2, no. 2 (April 1992): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.2.197.
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Marketing techniques were valuable in the development of an extension and research support program for the diverse Georgia nursery industry. The support program was developed in three stages: 1) needs assessment and development of industry alliances, 2) initiation of a research program based on priority needs, and 3) technology transfer. The needs assessment was facilitated by the development of a distribution channel map for the Georgia landscape/nursery industry. The industry alliances developed early in the project facilitated conduct of the research program and technology transfer. The research component was identified from an informal needs assessment and qualitative information on industry relations inferred from the distribution channel map. The research results support the contention that landscape architects have a significant influence on demand for nursery crops and that nursery operators should treat this group as important customers. The focus for technology transfer is improved marketing procedures and more efficient working relationships between nursery operators and landscape architects. This includes development of new alliances at the industry/association level, improved marketing practices for nursery operators, and positioning extension publications to benefit multiple industry segments.
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Garber, M. P., and K. Bondari. "Landscape Architects as Related to the Landscape/Nursery Industry: I. Impact on Demand for Plant Material." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 10, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-10.2.69.
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Abstract A survey of landscape architects in Georgia was conducted to help growers and landscape contractors work more closely with this group. We received 62 completed surveys for a 37% response. About 66% of the Georgia firms are located in the metro Atlanta area. We established three size classes of firms based on the 1990 wholesale value of plants specified, small (<$200 K), medium ($200–999 K), and large (≥$1 M). Comparisons are made among size classes and data are presented for each size class. Approximately 21% of the firms accounted for 67% of the plants specified in 1990. It is estimated that Georgia landscape architects specified about $85 M of plants in 1990. About 90% of the firms conduct a majority of their business in Georgia and indicated that 85% of all projects are in-state. However, 47% of the plant material specified by these firms is obtained from outside the state of Georgia. This implies that $34 M worth of plant material used in Georgia is sourced out-of-state.
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Gonzalvo Salas, Carlos. "La arquitectura de las centrales nucleares en España (1963-1972)." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 20 (July 31, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2019.4277.
Full textAbstract:
ResumenEl presente artículo explora la Arquitectura de las centrales nucleares de primera generación en España, construidas entre 1963 y 1972. Las empresas eléctricas seleccionan a arquitectos reconocidos, como Antonio Fernández Alba, Ignacio Álvarez Castelao y Antonio Bonet Castellana, para las centrales nucleares José Cabrera, Santa María de Garoña y Vandellòs. Las propuestas que desarrollan estos arquitectos modifican el trazado urbanístico e incorporan en sus propuestas disciplinas plásticas. Sin embargo, las empresas eléctricas rechazan estas propuestas por incompatibilidades con la seguridad y la técnica nuclear. En su lugar, los tres arquitectos realizan actuaciones de menor escala y presupuesto. Estas intervenciones son igualmente necesarias para establecer un diálogo entre la escala geográfica del entorno, la escala de la central y la escala humana del trabajador.AbstractThis paper explores the Architecture of the first generation nuclear power plants in Spain, developed from 1963 to 1972. The spanish power companies selected to renowned architects such as Antonio Fernández Alba, Ignacio Álvarez Castelao and Antonio Bonet Castellana, for the José Cabrera, Santa María de Garoña and Vandellòs nuclear power plants. The proposals of this group of architects altered the urban structure and incorporate in their proposals plastic disciplines, as sculpture and paintings. Nevertheless, the power companies rejected these proposals because of incompatibilities with safety and nuclear technology. Instead, the three architects performed smaller and budget-scale strategies. These interventions are also required to establish a dialog between the geographic scale of the place, the scale of the nuclear power plant and the human scale of the worker.