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Kumar, A., MS Nataraja, and V. Sharma. "Analysis of G-induced Loss of Consciousness (G-LOC) and Almost Loss of Consciousness (A-LOC) incidences in high-performance human centrifuge at Institute of Aerospace Medicine Indian Air Force." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 63 (October 3, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_3_2019.
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Introduction: Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) Indian Air Force (IAF) conducts operational training in Aerospace Medicine for IAF fighter aircrew since 2009. This includes high-G training with qualifying criteria of demonstrating ability of the aircrew to sustain 9G for 5 s in closed-loop run (pilot-in-control) wearing anti-G suit while performing anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM). Incidences of inadvertent almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC)/G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) are an unavoidable unintended consequence of such training. The aim of the paper is to study the incidence of G-LOC and A-LOC and its nature in the high-performance human centrifuge (HPHC) and compare it with our previous experiences. Material and Methods: A G-LOC/A-LOC proforma was designed at the Department of Acceleration Physiology and Spatial Orientation at IAM IAF to understand the nature and cause of the G-LOC/A-LOC. This was to be filled up by the aircrew on a voluntary basis. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel with a significance level set at 95% confidence interval and alpha ≤0.05. Results: Fifty-two aircrew (19.92%) experienced inadvertent G-LOC/A-LOC in 83 such episodes (54 G-LOC and 29 A-LOC) during the period January 2018–December 2018. Forty-seven aircrew experiencing G-LOC/ALOC agreed to be part of the study and filled up the proforma after the episodes. The incidence of G-LOC in the institute has reduced significantly over the past two decades, perhaps due to change in the HPHC used for training of aircrew. The incidence of G-LOC found in this study is comparable to the global incidence. Rise in heart rate was higher during A-LOC than G-LOC and was found to be statistically significant (t statistic = 2.33; P = 0.01). Relative incapacitation period was lesser than absolute incapacitation period during G-LOC and was found to be statistically significant (t statistic = 3.29, P = 0.001). G-level at which Type II G-LOC occurred was significantly higher than the Type I G-LOC. Conclusion: The incidence of A-LOC/G-LOC has reduced over the past two decades of high G training in IAF and is comparable to global incidence.
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Kumar, A., and MS Nataraja. "Describing the continuum from ALOC to G-LOC." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 64 (October 31, 2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_2_2020.
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Introduction: G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) has been extensively investigated and pathophysiology of the same has been well elucidated in the literature. The syndrome of almost loss of consciousness or ALOC has also been described which is a loose collection of signs and symptoms of a physiological, emotional, and cognitive nature. This is believed to occur under +Gz stress which is insufficient to cause G-LOC. Institute of Aerospace Medicine IAF regularly conducts high-G training for its fighter pilots in the High Performance Human Centrifuge. Episodes of G-LOC and ALOC are unintended outcomes of such training. A study was conducted to understand the nature of these episodes in the Department of Acceleration Physiology and Spatial Orientation. Material and Methods: A G-LOC/ALOC proforma was designed in the Department of Acceleration Physiology and Spatial Orientation to understand the nature and causes of the G-LOC/ALOC and was filled up by the aircrew on a voluntary basis. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20 with significance set at 95% confidence interval and alpha at 0.05. Results: Forty-seven aircrew experiencing G-LOC/ALOC agreed to be part of the study and filled up the proforma after the episodes. However, only 42 proforma (31 G-LOC and 11 ALOC) was found suitable for the analysis. There was no statistical difference in heart rate (HR) measured during the rate of onset and G-level at which G-LOC and ALOC resulted. There was no difference in psycho-somatic manifestations of G-LOC and ALOC episodes. Conclusion: ALOC and G-LOC have similar manifestations and operational implications. There is ample evidence to suggest that ALOC is a manifestation of G-LOC syndrome rather than a separate entity.
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Metzler, Mari M. "G-LOC Due to the Push-Pull Effect in a Fatal F-16 Mishap." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5461.2020.
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BACKGROUND: The risks associated with high positive Gz (+Gz) aerobatic flight, especially with respect to +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), are well known. Less appreciated is the effect of negative Gz (−Gz) flight on subsequent +Gz maneuvers, known as the “push-pull effect.” This is an example involving the loss of an F-16 and pilot that was caused by the push-pull effect.CASE REPORT: The mishap pilot (MP) was killed during a training flight when his F-16 crashed without an ejection attempt. The MP, while transitioning from prolonged −Gz flight to sustained +Gz flight, maneuvered the mishap aircraft (MA) from −2.06 Gz to +8.56 Gz in less than 5 s. At this point, there were only minimal control inputs for 5 s, indicating the MP experienced transient incapacitation, most likely due to G-LOC or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The MP’s subsequent recovery attempt was interrupted by ground impact. The Accident Investigation Board (AIB) concluded the MP experienced G-LOC due to the push-pull effect.DISCUSSION: Since this is not the first time the push-pull effect has resulted in G-LOC mishaps, the adverse effects of such maneuvers should continue to be emphasized during military physiological training, as well as during general aviation (GA) aerobatics training. Furthermore, A-LOC, instead of being considered a discrete phenomenon, may need to be included in a broader G-LOC definition that encompasses the entire continuum of G-LOC and A-LOC.Metzler MM. G-LOC due to the push-pull effect in a fatal F-16 mishap. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):51–55.
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Raja, Rameez, S. Pirzada, and Shane Redmond. "On locating numbers and codes of zero divisor graphs associated with commutative rings." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 15, no. 01 (September 7, 2015): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498816500146.
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Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let G(V, E) be a graph. The locating number of the graph G(V, E) denoted by loc (G) is the cardinality of the minimal locating set W ⊆ V(G). To get the loc (G), we assign locating codes to the vertices V(G)∖W of G in such a way that every two vertices get different codes. In this paper, we consider the ratio of loc (G) to |V(G)| and show that there is a finite connected graph G with loc (G)/|V(G)| = m/n, where m < n are positive integers. We examine two equivalence relations on the vertices of Γ(R) and the relationship between locating sets and the cut vertices of Γ(R). Further, we obtain bounds for the locating number in zero-divisor graphs of a commutative ring and discuss the relation between locating number, domination number, clique number and chromatic number of Γ(R). We also investigate the locating number in Γ(R) when R is a finite product of rings.
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Przewodzka, Anna, Stefan P. Gaździński, Michał Janewicz, and Krzysztof Kowalczuk. "PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF ALMOST LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (A-LOC) DURING DYNAMIC FLIGHT SIMULATION (DFS) ON HUMAN CENTRIFUGE: A CASE REPORT." Polish Journal of Aviation Medicine, Bioengineering and Psychology 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13174/pjambp.15.12.2020.04.
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Introduction: G-LOC is still a threat for aircrew of high performance aircrafts. It is evoked by a high level of +Gz acceleration causing a deficit of brain oxygenation. Although near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to identify brain oxygenation decreases preceding G-LOC, it is not used regularly in aero-medicine research in Poland. Here, we report the physiological correlates of Almost Loss of Consciousness (A-LOC) that occurred during a research project. Method: During Dynamic Flight Simulation training on a human centrifuge one pilot experienced momentaneous confusion which was recorded on a camera. We post-hoc reviewed his vital signs, stroke volumes (SV), cardiac output (CO) obtained with bioimpedance rheography, and brain oxygenation (OX) measures with near-infrared spectroscopy on the forehead. Finally, we reviewed the recording of his eye movements obtained with video-oculography. Results: SV and CO measures were confounded by artefacts induced by anti-G straining manoeuvres (AGSM). However, OX measures demonstrated decreased brain oxygenation that lasted several seconds after the incident. Following the incident, the pilot’s pulse remained decreased for several seconds. Discussion: NIRS methodology seems to be resistant to artefacts created by muscles during AGSM. NIRS systems with a probing rate of 0.1 second might help detect upcoming A-LOC or G-LOC.
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Kim, Sungho, Dongsoo Kim, Taehwan Cho, Yongkyun Lee, and Booyong Choi. "Analysis on Electromyogram(EMG) Signals by Body Parts for G-induced Loss of Consciousness(G-LOC) Prediction." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (February 5, 2017): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2017.20.1.119.
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Liu, Xianbin, Xiucheng Zeng, Xiaoming Zou, D. Lodge, Sarah Stankavich, Grizelle González, and Sharon Cantrell. "Responses of Soil Labile Organic Carbon to a Simulated Hurricane Disturbance in a Tropical Wet Forest." Forests 9, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9070420.
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Hurricanes are an important disturbance in the tropics that can alter forest ecosystem properties and processes. To understand the immediate influence of hurricane disturbance on carbon cycling, we examined soil labile organic carbon (LOC) in a Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) located in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. We trimmed tree canopy and deposited debris (CTDD) on the forest ground of the treatment plots in December 2014, and collected floor mass samples and 0–10 cm soil samples three weeks before the treatment, as well as at scheduled intervals for 120 weeks after the treatment. Within the first week following the CTDD treatment, the mean soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil LOC in the CTDD plots were significantly greater than in the control plots (soil MBC: 2.56 g/kg versus 1.98 g/kg, soil LOC: 9.16 g/kg versus 6.44 g/kg, respectively), and the mean turnover rates of soil LOC in the CTDD plots were significantly faster than in the control plots. The measured indices fluctuated temporally more in the CTDD plots than in the control plots, especially between the 12th and 84th week after the CTDD treatment. The treatment effect on soil LOC and its turnover rate gradually disappeared after the 84th week following the treatment, while higher levels of soil MBC in the CTDD plots than in the control plots remained high, even at the 120th week. Our data suggest that hurricane disturbance can accelerate the cycling of soil LOC on a short temporal scale of less than two years, but might have a longer lasting effect on soil MBC in a tropical wet forest.
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Kurihara, Koichi, Azusa Kikukawa, Asao Kobayashi, and Toshio Nakadate. "Frontal cortical oxygenation changes during gravity-induced loss of consciousness in humans: a near-infrared spatially resolved spectroscopic study." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 4 (October 2007): 1326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01191.2006.
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Gravity (G)-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), which is presumably caused by a reduction of cerebral blood flow resulting in a decreased oxygen supply to the brain, is a major threat to pilots of high-performance fighter aircraft. The application of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor gravity-induced cerebral oxygenation debt has generated concern over potential sources of extracranial contamination. The recently developed NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS-NIRS) has been confirmed to provide frontal cortical tissue hemoglobin saturation [tissue oxygenation index (TOI)]. In this study, we monitored the TOI and the standard NIRS measured chromophore concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin in 141 healthy male pilots during various levels of +Gz (head-to-foot inertial forces) exposure to identify the differences between subjects who lose consciousness and those who do not during high +Gz exposure. Subjects were exposed to seven centrifuge profiles, with +Gz levels from 4 to 8 Gz and an onset rate from 0.1 to 6.0 Gz/s. The SRS-NIRS revealed an ∼15% decrease in the TOI in G-LOC. The present study also demonstrated the TOI to be a useful variable to evaluate the effect of the anti-G protection system. However, there was no significant difference found between conditions with and without G-LOC in subjects with terminated G exposure. Further studies that elucidate the mechanism(s) behind the wide variety of individual differences may be needed for a method of G-LOC prediction to be effectively realized.
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Khatua, SS, M. Dahiya, A. Gowda, and P. Sannigrahi. "Physiological interpretation of almost loss of consciousness." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 63 (November 7, 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_2019_6.
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Background: The phenomenon of almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC) is although known to the aviation fraternity since the 1980s, it is not well researched. Very few studies have attempted to elaborate the characteristics of A-LOC. The present study is a retrospective analysis which has endeavored to address the lacunae in literature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the G training data in high-performance human centrifuge for a time span of 4 years (2009–2013) was carried out. Results: A total of 71 A-LOC incidents were reported and were analyzed for better understanding of A-LOC. On the basis of findings such as nystagmus, maintenance of postural tone, convulsions, amnesia, and dreams during A-LOC, neurophysiology of A-LOC has been hypothesized. Conclusion: The presence of nystagmus and maintenance of body posture suggest intact vestibulo-ocular reflex and sensory-motor tract, respectively. Non-recollection of dreams, amnesia suggests breach in memory and/ or information processing for higher functions. The mechanism of A-LOC in toto can be explained by regional differences in blood flow and vulnerability of cerebral centers to ischemic hypoxia. Convulsions in A-LOC could be attributed to hyperexcitability of nerve fibers due to hypoxia.
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Kim, Sungho, Taehwan Cho, Yongkyun Lee, Hyojin Koo, Booyong Choi, and Dongsoo Kim. "G-LOC Warning Algorithms Based on EMG Features of the Gastrocnemius Muscle." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 88, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.4781.2017.
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Thoma, Janine L., Stuart A. McNelles, Alex Adronov, and Jean Duhamel. "Direct Measure of the Local Concentration of Pyrenyl Groups in Pyrene-Labeled Dendrons Derived from the Rate of Fluorescence Collisional Quenching." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122919.
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The model-free analysis (MFA) was applied to measure the average rate constant (<k>) for pyrene excimer formation (PEF) in a series of pyrene-labeled dendrons referred to as Pyx-G(N), where x (= 2N) is the number of pyrenyl labels born by a dendron of generation N ranging from 1 to 6. <k> was measured in four different solvents, namely tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). <k> was found to increase linearly with increasing local pyrene concentration ([Py]loc), where [Py]loc had been determined mathematically for the Pyx-G(N) dendrons. The slope of each straight line changed with the nature of the solvent and represented kdiff, the bimolecular rate constant for PEF. kdiff depended on the solvent viscosity (η) and the probability (p) for PEF upon encounter between an excited and a ground-state pyrene. In a same solvent, kdiff for the Pyx-G(N) dendrons was about 360 ± 30 times smaller than kdiff obtained for ethyl 4-(1-pyrene)butyrate (PyBE), a pyrene model compound similar to the pyrene derivative used to label the dendrons. The massive decrease in kdiff observed for the Pyx-G(N) samples reflected the massive loss in mobility experienced by the pyrenyl labels after being covalently attached onto a macromolecule compared to freely diffusing PyBE. Interestingly, the kdiff values obtained for the Pyx-G(N) dendrons and the PyBE model compound followed similar trends as a function of solvent, indicating that the difference in behavior between the kdiff values obtained in different solvents were merely due to the changes in the η and p values between the solvents. Normalizing the <k> values obtained with the Pyx-G(N) dendrons by the kdiff values obtained for PyBE in the same solvents accounted for changes in η and p, resulting in a master curve upon plotting <k>/(fdiff × kdiff) as a function of [Py]loc, where fdiff was introduced to account for some pyrene aggregation in the higher generation dendron (Py64-G(6)). This result demonstrates that <k> represents a direct measure of [Py]loc in pyrene-labeled macromolecules.
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Nguyen, Nguyen, and Savage. "Properties of Pectin Extracted from Vietnamese Mango Peels." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120629.
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This study was carried out to investigate the properties of pectin extracted from Vietnamese mango peels that have been discarded as waste. Three different mango cultivars named Hoa Loc, Ghep and Cat Chu at three different maturities were studied. Pectin extracted from immature, ripe and overripe stages ranged from 18.4 to 31.7 g/100 g dry weight (DW); the highest yields were obtained from the ripe fruits. Ghep peels contained the highest pectin amounts which ranged from 24.2 to 31.7 g/100 g DW, followed by Cat Chu (19.2 to 26.5 g/100 g DW) and Hoa Loc peels (18.4 to 24.1 g/100 g DW). Except for degree of esterification and emulsion capacity, other properties of the extracted pectin including water holding capacity, solubility and emulsion stability were significantly affected by the fruit maturation. Varieties, solubility, degree of esterification, emulsion activity and emulsion stability of the pectin isolated from the three cultivars ranged from 77.4% to 86.0%; 50.3% to 55.8%; 11.8% to 34.3% and 28.5% to 94.5%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared results showed that almost all collected pectin samples could be classified as the high methoxyl pectin. Rheology data indicated viscosity of the isolated pectin was strongly dependent on temperatures.
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Sevost'yanov, Evgenii, and Alexander Ukhlov. "Sobolev mappings and moduli inequalities on Carnot groups." Ukrainian Mathematical Bulletin 17, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37069/1810-3200-2020-17-2-5.
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We study the mappings that satisfy moduli inequalities on Carnot groups. We prove that the homeomorphisms satisfying the moduli inequalities ($Q$-homeomor\-phisms) with a locally integrable function $Q$ are Sobolev mappings. On this base in the frameworks of the weak inverse mapping theorem, we prove that, on the Carnot groups $\mathbb G,$ the mappings inverse to Sobolev homeomorphisms of finite distortion of the class $W^1_{\nu,\loc}(\Omega;\Omega')$ belong to the Sobolev class $W^1_{1,\loc}(\Omega';\Omega)$.
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Carter, Richard J., and James F. O'Bryon. "Live Fire Test and Evaluation Ergonomics Projects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 37 (July 2000): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403733.
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The live fire test and evaluation (LFT&E) program is oriented towards providing a realistic assessment of the survivability and lethality of a military system. A component of every live fire test is an assessment of crew survivability. Three major ergonomics related projects, operational requirements-based casualty assessment (ORCA), combined toxic gas modeling, and gravitational loss of consciousness (G-LOC), are described. ORCA is a comprehensive standardized methodology for assessing personnel casualties following weapon induced injury. The combined toxic gas model is an incapacitation model that incorporates complex physicochemical interactions between gases and tissues and accommodates experimental data across animal species and humans. Two G-LOC related efforts are discussed. The first endeavor is expanding upon the automatic ground collision avoidance system (GCAS). The second project is being conducted via five tasks.
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Perveyev, V. I., G. A. Sukhanova, I. V. Perveyev, and M. I. Avakov. "Intraosseous autoserotherapy of lumbar osteochondrosis." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2004): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2004-3-53-59.
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138 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis (LOC) in age of 32—73 years with apparent pain syndrome and neurologic manifestations have been examined, these patients have received 316 autoserotherapy (AST) procedures. It has been revealed that in LOC patients a disturbance of coagulation blood properties and micricirculation as well as immunoglobulin M and G concentration increase, circulating immune complexes (CIC) increase, increase of kinin activity by more than 2 times had taken place. Course of AST procedures permits to decrease the blood coagulability and kallikrein activity almost up to the norm, to improve the microcirculation (by capillaroscopy data), to eliminate the disimmunoglobulinemia that is accompanied by the decrease of disease symptom evidence. Inclusion of AST procedures in LOC treatment complex decreases in short time the intensity of lumbar pains, decreases the hospitalization duration by (9,4 ± 1,1) days, increases the remission duration as compared to the control patient group that received the traditional treatment only.
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Argyle, Sonia. "A New Greek Grammarian." Classical Quarterly 39, no. 2 (December 1989): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800037551.
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In his exposition of MS Vat. gr. 2226 (V) in 1888, Leopold Cohn brought to light two consecutive grammatical treatises, both attributed to Aelius Herodian: the Περ⋯ ⋯μαρτημ⋯νων λ⋯ξεων(here loc. prav.), containing seventy paragraphs, and the Φιλ⋯ταιρος (here Philet.) with 312 glosses. Both had been published in part: fifty-four paragraphs of loc. prav. by G. Hermann in 1801 from MS Mon. gr. 529 (M) and a version of fifty-nine paragraphs by J. Cramer under the title of Περ⋯ τ⋯ν ζητουμ⋯νων κατ⋯ κλ⋯σιν παντ⋯ς λ⋯γου μερ⋯ν;. Glosses 1–78 of Philet. were published by J. Pierson (1759) from a copy of MS Par. gr. 2552 (P).
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Luo, Jack K., Y. Q. Fu, Greg Ashley, and Williams I. Milne. "Integrated ZnO Film Based Acoustic Wave Microfluidics and Biosensors." Advances in Science and Technology 67 (October 2010): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.67.49.
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Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is one of the most important microsystems with promising applications in microanalysis, drug development and diagnosis, etc. We have been developing a LOC biodetection system using acoustic wave as a single actuation mechanism for both microfluidics and biosensing using low cost piezoelectric ZnO film. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) coupled into the liquid will induce acoustic streaming, or move the droplet on the surface. These have been utilized to make SAW-based micropumps and micromixers which are simple in structure, easy to fabricate, low cost, reliable and efficient. SAW devices and thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) have been fabricated on nanocrystalline ZnO thin films deposited using sputtering on Si substrates. A streaming velocity up to ~5cm/s within a microdroplet and a droplet moving speed of ~1cm/s have been achieved. SAW based droplet ejection and vaporization have also been realized. SAW devices and FBARs have been used to detect antibody/antigen and rabbit/goat immunoglobulin type G molecules, showing their high sensitivity. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of using a single actuation mechanism for the LOC.
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Gutlyanskii, Vladimir, Vladimir Ryazanov, and Eduard Yakubov. "Dirichlet problem for Poisson equations in Jordan domains." Proceedings of the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics NAS of Ukraine 32 (December 28, 2018): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37069/1683-4720-2018-32-4.
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First, we study the Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equations \(\triangle u(z) = g(z)\) with \(g\in L^p\), \(p>1\), and continuous boundary data \(\varphi :\partial D\to\mathbb{R}\) in arbitrary Jordan domains \(D\) in \(\mathbb{C}\) and prove the existence of continuous solutions \(u\) of the problem in the class \(W^{2,p}_{\rm loc}\). Moreover, \(u\in W^{1,q}_{\rm loc}\) for some \(q>2\) and \(u\) is locally Hölder continuous. Furthermore, \(u\in C^{1,\alpha}_{\rm loc}\) with \(\alpha = (p-2)/p\) if \(p>2\). Then, on this basis and applying the Leray-Schauder approach, we obtain the similar results for the Dirichlet problem with continuous data in arbitrary Jordan domains to the quasilinear Poisson equations of the form \(\triangle u(z) = h(z)\cdot f(u(z))\) with the same assumptions on \(h\) as for \(g\) above and continuous functions \(f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\), either bounded or with nondecreasing \(|f\,|\) of \( |t\,|\) such that \(f(t)/t \to 0\) as \(t\to\infty\). We also give here applications to mathematical physics that are relevant to problems of diffusion with absorbtion, plasma and combustion. In addition, we consider the Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equations in the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\subset\mathbb{C}\) with arbitrary boundary data \(\varphi :\partial\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{R}\) that are measurable with respect to logarithmic capacity. Here we establish the existence of continuous nonclassical solutions \(u\) of the problem in terms of the angular limits in \(\mathbb D\) a.e. on \(\partial\mathbb D\) with respect to logarithmic capacity with the same local properties as above. Finally, we extend these results to almost smooth Jordan domains with qusihyperbolic boundary condition by Gehring-Martio.
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Shahed, A. R., J. A. Barber, S. Galindo, and P. M. Werchan. "Rat Brain Glucose and Energy Metabolites: Effect of + Gz (Head-to-Foot Inertial Load) Exposure in a Small Animal Centrifuge." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 15, no. 6 (November 1995): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1995.130.
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A unique small animal centrifuge with on-line physiological monitoring and brain tissue collection (in < 1 s) capability was used to investigate the effect of increasing + Gz levels, exposure duration, number of exposures, and time course of metabolic changes in the rat brain. To determine the + Gz tolerance, rats were exposed to +7.5 to 25 Gz (30 s each) and EEG was monitored. G-induced loss of consciousness ( G-LOC) defined as isoelectric EEG (I-EEG) occurred only at +22.5 and 25 Gz within 14.5 ± 3 s. To study the effect of increasing + Gz levels on metabolism, rats were exposed to either 0.5 (control) or +7.5 to 25 Gz (30 s each), and brains were collected 1 min postcentrifugation by freeze fixation. A significant increase in lactate (≥ + 7.5 Gz) and a decrease in glucose, creatine phosphate (Cr-P), and ATP levels were observed at + 15 Gz and higher. The effect of exposure duration was investigated by exposing the rats to + 22.5 Gz for 15–60 s. Brain lactate levels increased sixfold while glucose decreased (75%) following the 60-s exposure. The level of Cr-P and ATP decreased significantly after the 15- and 30-s exposures with no further changes at longer + Gz exposures. For time course studies, brains were collected both during (5–35 s) and after (1–15 min) a +25 Gz exposure. A significant decrease in Cr-P occurred within 5 s, but changes in glucose, ATP, and lactate required 15 s. All metabolites returned to control levels within 3 min, except lactate and adenosine, which required 15 min. Exposure of rats to either one, three, or five runs at +22.5 Gz (30 s each) resulted in an increase in lactate (ninefold) and a decrease in glucose (87%). Both Cr-P and ATP decreased after one exposure with no further change after three and five exposures. These results show that + Gz exposures of short duration cause significant transient metabolic alterations consistent with global cerebral ischemia. We propose that G-LOC (I-EEG) may be an acute response of the CNS to high + Gz-imposed ischemic stress. G-LOC would reduce the overall brain energy demand and thus reduce anaerobic glycolysis and lactate production.
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Paes, Ésio de Castro, Fabiane Pereira Machado Dias, Iara Oliveira Fernandes, Elisângela Gonçalves Pereira, Elton da Silva Leite, José Maria de Lima, and Júlio César Azevedo Nóbrega. "Carbon Management Index and Carbon Stock of a Cohesive Oxisol Under Different in the Region Northeast of Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p284.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil organic carbon fractions and the carbon management index (CMI) in a cohesive oxisol under different uses. Conventional cassava planting (CC), pasture (PP), and 7- and 12-year agroforestry systems (AF7 and AF12, respectively), were tested against secondary forest (SF). Soil samples of these areas were physically fractionated in order to determine total organic matter (TOC) as well as the labile- (LOC) and non-labile (NOC) fractions of the soil organic matter, as well as carbon management index (CMI). Total organic C ranged from 14.17 to 27.20 g kg-1 of soil, showing no differences in the surface layer among the land uses as compared to the secondary forest. No differences were found in the surface layer for LOC as well, except for the AF12 where LOC was higher. This condition accounts for higher microbial activity and nutrient cycling in the soil. This system also showed higher CMI values, pointing to a better response of soil quality under long-term agroforestry system. This system improved soil organic matter, regardless of the depth. On the other hand, conventional cassava and planted pasture systems reduced carbon in soil. In conclusion, the agroforestry system is the best choice of farmers, when they seek for better soil quality.
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Bagshaw, R. J., and J. E. Whinnery. "Contribution of skeletal muscle activity to the natural history of acceleration-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC)." Medical Hypotheses 30, no. 2 (October 1989): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(89)90097-2.
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Tervo, Jouko. "On Solvability of Linear Partial Differential Equations in Local Spaces $\mathcal B^{\mathrm {loc}}_{p,k} (G)$." Zeitschrift für Analysis und ihre Anwendungen 7, no. 2 (1988): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/zaa/287.
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Croft, Rodney J., Roger Kölegård, Arne Tribukait, Nigel A. S. Taylor, and Ola Eiken. "Effects of Acceleration-Induced Reductions in Retinal and Cerebral Oxygenation on Human Performance." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5731.2021.
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BACKGROUND: Ischemic hypoxia induced by suprathreshold G-force loading can adversely affect vision, cognition, and lead to loss of consciousness (LOC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether reductions in cerebral oxygenation, caused by subthreshold G-forces (up to 4 Gz and of limited durations that do not lead to LOC), would affect visual perception and working memory performance.METHODS: Sixteen subjects performed visual perception and working memory tasks both before and during Gz exposures (1, 2.2, 3, 4 with leg pressurization, 4 with leg and abdomen pressurization) within a human-use centrifuge.RESULTS: As measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, blood oxygenation over medial prefrontal cortex was similar in the 1 and 2.2 Gz conditions, but was reduced to a similar extent in the 3 and 4 Gz conditions. In parallel, visual perception accuracy was reduced in the 3 and 4 Gz conditions, with no difference between the 3 and 4 Gz conditions. No change in reaction time was seen. Conversely, neither accuracy nor reaction time changes were observed for the visual working memory task.DISCUSSION: These results indicate that although visual working memory is not affected, the ability to visually discriminate between stimuli is reduced at G-forces as low as 3 and 4 Gz. This may have important ramifications for pilots who are routinely subjected to such forces.Croft RJ, Klegrd R, Tribukait A, Taylor NAS, Eiken O. Effects of acceleration-induced reductions in retinal and cerebral oxygenation on human performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):7582.
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Pirzada, S., Rameez Raja, and Shane Redmond. "Locating sets and numbers of graphs associated to commutative rings." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 13, no. 07 (May 2, 2014): 1450047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498814500479.
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For a graph G(V, E) with order n ≥ 2, the locating code of a vertex v is a finite vector representing distances of v with respect to vertices of some ordered subset W of V(G). The set W is a locating set of G(V, E) if distinct vertices have distinct codes. A locating set containing a minimum number of vertices is a minimum locating set for G(V, E). The locating number denoted by loc (G) is the number of vertices in the minimum locating set. Let R be a commutative ring with identity 1 ≠ 0, the zero-divisor graph denoted by Γ(R), is the (undirected) graph whose vertices are the nonzero zero-divisors of R with two distinct vertices joined by an edge when the product of vertices is zero. We introduce and investigate locating numbers in zero-divisor graphs of a commutative ring R. We then extend our definition to study and characterize the locating numbers of an ideal based zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring R.
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PIROGOV, YU F. "VECTOR BOSON DOMINANCE OF ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 33 (October 30, 1993): 3129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393002075.
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The linearization of the nonlinear standard model G/H= SU(3) L × U(1)/SU(2) L × U(1) via the hidden local symmetry H loc = SU(2) L × U(1) is considered. Mixing of the light elementary gauge bosons of the standard model with the dynamically generated heavy composite vector bosons is studied under the hypothesis of vector boson dominance. The model is theoretically consistent as quantum field theory and phenomenologically acceptable. It can be used as a guide to study systematically the deviations from the standard model due to a common substructure of leptons, quarks and Higgs bosons.
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Cozen, Wendy, Dalin Li, Maria Timofeeva, Arjan Diepstra, Dennis Hazelett, Manon Delahaye-Sourdeix, Christopher K. Edlund, et al. "A Meta-Analysis Of Hodgkin Lymphoma Reveals 19p13.3 (TCF3) As a Novel Susceptibility Loc." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.626.626.
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Abstract Background Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have identified several associations at both HLA and non-HLA loci. However, much of HL heritability remains unexplained. Methods To identify novel risk loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 3 HL GWAS including a total of 1,810 cases and 7,879 controls. Results were replicated in an independent set of 1,163 cases and 2,580 controls, for a total of 3,097 and 11,097 cases and controls combined, respectively. participants in discovery and replication stages were of European descent. quality control and imputation we conducted a meta-analysis addressing 1,004,829 variants (λ= 1.10, λ1000= 1.03). Associations between SNP genotypes and HL risk were evaluated under a log-additive model of inheritance adjusting for sex, study center and significant principal components to control for population stratification. We performed an analysis with all HL cases and then conducted stratified analyses by histological subtype (classical, nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity), age at diagnosis (nodular sclerosis among those diagnosed at 15- 35 years in all studies, and those diagnosed at 35 and older years in the European Study only) and EBV tumor status (negative and positive). We then used a bioinformatic approach (FunciSNP) to identify potential functional variants associated with HD risk correlated with risk loci of interest. We extracted publically available ENCODE data on biofeatures to identify potential functional motifs associated with the index SNP or correlated SNPs. Finally, we measured expression levels of the two alternative mRNA transcripts in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 49 post-therapy HL patients and 25 unaffected controls. RT-PCR was carried out in triplicate. Relative expression levels were calculated relative to TBP as housekeeping gene. Linear models were used to assess correlation between genotype and TCF3expression levels. Results The meta-analysis identified a novel susceptibility variant at chromosome 19p13.3 (rs1860661) associated with HL risk (Odds Ratio [OR]= 0.78, P=2.0*10-8, I2=0%). variant is located in intron 2 of TCF3 (also known as E2A), a regulator of B- and T-cell lineage commitment. was also significantly associated with HL (OR= 0.85, P=0.002) in the replication series of 1,281 cases and 3,218 controls. the combined analysis consisting of the discovery and replication sets, rs1860661was strongly associated with HL (OR=0.81,=3.5*10-10), with no evidence of heterogeneity between contributing studies (Phom=0.41, I2=0%). The number of G alleles defined by rs1860661 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of each HL subtype except EBV positive HL. rs1860661 and two correlated SNPs, rs10413888 (r2=0.90) and rs8103453 (r2=0.89) identified by FunciSNP analysis map in or near marks of open chromatin and in DNAse hypersensitivity sites in TCF3 in CD20+ B cell lines., the protective minor alleles of these SNPs as defined by the G-G-G haplotype map to the binding sites for ZBTB7a (rs10413888 and rs1860661) and (rs8103453) transcription factors, likely improving the binding efficiency to the sites which may result in increased transcription rates of TCF3. TCF3 is encoded by two alternative transcripts (E12 and E47). Higher expression levels of TCF3-E47, whose transcription start site is located close to rs1860661, was associated with the rs1860661-G allele in controls (P=0.02), but not in HL patients (P=0.22). Conclusion/Discussion TCF3 is essential for the commitment of lymphoid progenitors to both B-cell and T-cell lineage development. A molecular and phenotypic hallmark of classical HL is the loss of the B-cell phenotype in HRS cells, including lack of demonstrable B-cell receptor and most B-cell specific markers such as CD19 or CD20. HRS cells have a low level of TCF3, particularly homodimers of the isoform E47, due to expression of the ABF-1 and ID2 inhibitors that bind to TCF3. Thus, higher TCF3 levels in HRS precursor cells may lead to enhanced retention of the B cell phenotype, thereby conferring a protective effect. These data suggest a link between the 19p13.3 locus including TCF3 and HL risk, indicating that TCF3 could be relevant to HL etiology and pathogenesis. Disclosures: Link: Genentech: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Spectrum: Consultancy.
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Gastel, Janvan, Marc Quirynen, Wim Teughels, Martine Pauwels, Wim Coucke, and Carine Carels. "Microbial Adhesion on Different Bracket Types in vitro." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/092908-507.1.
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Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are differences in total bacterial counts and capacity for biofilm formation between seven different bracket types. Material and Methods: By means of an in vitro experiment, seven commercially available bracket systems (Damon [A], Clarity [B], Mystique [C], Speed [D], Victory MBT [E], Micro-loc [F], and Generus [G]) were compared. A total of 25 premolar brackets of each bracket system were incubated in brain heart infusion medium containing the saliva and bacteria of two orthodontic patients. After 72 hours, the amounts of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria were determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) also was calculated, and the black pigmented bacteria were analyzed. Results: Significant differences between the different bracket types in terms of biofilm formation were found. Bracket types can be arbitrarily divided into low, intermediate, and high plaque-retaining brackets. The group with low adhesion consists of bracket types E, F, and G; the group with high adhesion of bracket types A, B, and C; and type D exhibits intermediate adhesion. The group with high microbial adhesion (A, B, and C) did present significantly lower CFU ratios (aerobe/anaerobe) than were exhibited by the other bracket systems (P < .05). Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. Orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation; in this in vitro study, significant differences were noted between the different types of brackets.
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Thaker, P. H., C. Sun, D. C. Bodurka, J. Palmer, B. Pei, J. Willey, E. Bruera, and L. Ramondetta. "Spirituality, quality of life, and locus of control in a palliative care setting." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 18529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18529.
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18529 Background: A patient’s spirituality/religious beliefs have a profound role on how one copes with disease & on quality of life (QOL). Perceptions of control play an important role in coping not only with stressful experiences, but also in health outcomes. Therefore, the primary objective was to determine whether patients’ spirituality/ religiosity correlates with quality of life and locus of control. Methods: As part of a pilot study, pts presenting for initial outpatient evaluation in the Department of Symptom Control & Palliative Care were enrolled and completed self-report measures: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-General (FACT-G), FACT-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACT-Sp), Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), Locus of Control (LOC), Herth Hope Scale (HHS), Predestination (PDQ), and Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS). LOC contained 3 subscales: perceived occurrence of chance, dependence on powerful others, and internal control. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationship between measures. The Mann-Whitney t-test was used to compare patient scores. Results: One hundred patients (48 men & 52 women) completed the surveys & 90% reported a Christian affiliation. QOL was positively correlated with FACT-Sp (p ≤ 0.001, r = .614) and the DUREL which measures both external/internal religiosity (p ≤ .01, r = .291). Interestingly, there was no gender difference in spirituality as measured by FACT-Sp; however, by the DUREL women engaged more frequently in private religious activity when compared with men (p < 0.001). Men had more perceived internal control with less emphasis on the occurrence of chance events or dependence on powerful others on LOC (p = 0.07), as well as a positive correlation with controlling of one’s own fate as measured by the PDQ (p = 0.1). Conclusions: As oncologists committed to providing comprehensive care, we need to be receptive to the spiritual needs of our patients since it augments their QOL and to empower them to have a sense of control. Future studies need to further define these complex relationships and to recognize possible gender differences. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Aschenbrenner, Daniel, Oliver Friedrich, and Daniel F. Gilbert. "3D Printed Lab-on-a-Chip Platform for Chemical Stimulation and Parallel Analysis of Ion Channel Function." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080548.
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Functional imaging has been a widely established method for the assessment of ion channel function in vitro. Conventional infrastructure used for in vitro functional analysis of ion channels is typically proprietary, non-customizable, expensive, and requires a high level of skill to use and maintain. 3D desktop printing, which is employed in the rapid prototyping field, allows for quick engineering of alternatives to conventional imaging infrastructure that are customizable, low cost, and user friendly. Here, we describe an ultra-low-cost microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device manufactured using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) for in vitro functional imaging of ion channels that can quickly and easily be reconstructed using three-dimensional (3D) desktop printing. The device is light weight (<5 g), small (20 mm × 49 mm), and extremely low cost (<EUR 1). We simulate fluidics within the printed channels and assess the suitability of the engineered chamber to generate homogeneous mixtures during solution exchange. We demonstrate the usability of the 3D printed microfluidic device in a case study using Fluo-4-loaded human embryonal kidney-derived (HEK293) cells, recombinantly expressing the capsaicin receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1), as a model system. In the case study, we confirm its applicability to solution exchange for chemical stimulation and parallel functional time-lapse fluorescence microscopy-based calcium imaging. We assess the suitability of ABS for culturing HEK293 cells inside the microfluidic LOC, based on qualitative analysis of microscopic transmission light images of ABS-exposed HEK293 cells and confirm the previously reported biocompatibility of ABS. To highlight the versatility of the 3D printed microfluidic device, we provide an example for multiplication of the shown concept within a 3D printed multichannel microfluidic LOC to be used, for example, in a higher throughput format for parallelized functional analysis of ion channels. While this work focusses on Ca2+ imaging with TRPV1 channels, the device may also be useful for application with other ion channel types and in vitro models.
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Chernyavskaya, N. A., and L. A. Shuster. "AN ASYMPTOTIC MAJORANT FOR SOLUTIONS OF STURM–LIOUVILLE EQUATIONS IN $L_P(\mathbb{R})$." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 50, no. 1 (February 2007): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001309150500074x.
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AbstractUnder certain assumptions on $g(x)$, we obtain an asymptotic formula for computing integrals of the form$$ F(x,\alpha)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty g(t)^\alpha\exp\biggl(-\bigg|\int_x^tg(\xi)\,\mathrm{d}\xi\bigg|\biggr)\,\mathrm{d}t,\quad\alpha\in\mathbb{R}, $$as $|x|\to\infty$. We use this formula to study the properties (as $|x|\to\infty$) of the solutions of the correctly solvable equations in $L_p(\mathbb{R})$, $p\in[1,\infty]$,\begin{equation} -y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=f(x),\quad x\in\mathbb{R}, \tag{1} \end{equation}where $0\le q\in L_1^{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R})$, and $f\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$. (Equation (1) is called correctly solvable in a given space $L_p(\mathbb{R})$ if for any function $f\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$ it has a unique solution $y\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$ and if the following inequality holds with an absolute constraint $c_p\in(0,\infty)$: $\|y\|_{L_p(\mathbb{R})}\leq c(p)\|f\|_{L_p(\mathbb{R})}$, $\forall f\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$.)
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Liu, Yalong, Ping Wang, Yuanjun Ding, Haifei Lu, Lianqing Li, Kun Cheng, Jufeng Zheng, et al. "Microbial activity promoted with organic carbon accumulation in macroaggregates of paddy soils under long-term rice cultivation." Biogeosciences 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2016): 6565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6565-2016.
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Abstract. While soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stabilization has been increasingly the focus of ecosystem properties, how it could be linked to soil biological activity enhancement has been poorly assessed. In this study, topsoil samples were collected from a series of rice soils shifted from salt marshes for 0, 50, 100, 300 and 700 years from a coastal area of eastern China. Soil aggregates were fractioned into different sizes of coarse sand (200–2000 µm), fine sand (20–200 µm), silt (2–20 µm) and clay (< 2 µm), using separation with a low-energy dispersion protocol. Soil properties were determined to investigate niche specialization of different soil particle fractions in response to long-term rice cultivation, including recalcitrant and labile organic carbon, microbial diversity of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities, soil respiration and enzyme activity. The results showed that the mass proportion both of coarse-sand (2000–200 µm) and clay (< 2 µm) fractions increased with prolonged rice cultivation, but the aggregate size fractions were dominated by fine-sand (200–20 µm) and silt (20–2 µm) fractions across the chronosequence. SOC was highly enriched in coarse-sand fractions (40–60 g kg−1) and moderately in clay fractions (20–25 g kg−1), but was depleted in silt fractions (∼ 10 g kg−1). The recalcitrant carbon pool was higher (33–40 % of SOC) in both coarse-sand and clay fractions than in fine-sand and silt fractions (20–29 % of SOC). However, the ratio of labile organic carbon (LOC) to SOC showed a weakly decreasing trend with decreasing size of aggregate fractions. Total soil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) content in the size fractions followed a similar trend to that of SOC. Despite the largely similar diversity between the fractions, 16S ribosomal gene abundance of bacteria and of archaeal were concentrated in both coarse-sand and clay fractions. Being the highest generally in coarse-sand fractions, 18S rRNA gene abundance of fungi decreased sharply but the diversity gently, with decreasing size of the aggregate fractions. The soil respiration quotient (ratio of respired CO2–C to SOC) was the highest in the silt fraction, followed by the fine-sand fraction, but the lowest in coarse-sand and clay fractions in the rice soils cultivated over 100 years, whereas the microbial metabolic quotient was lower in coarse-sand-sized fractions than in other fractions. Soil respiration was higher in the silt fraction than in other fractions for the rice soils. For the size fractions other than the clay fraction, enzyme activity was increased with prolonged rice cultivation, whereas soil respiration appeared to have a decreasing trend. Only in the coarse-sand fraction was both microbial gene abundance and enzyme activity well correlated to SOC and LOC content, although the chemical stability and respiratory of SOC were similar between coarse-sand and clay fractions. Thus, biological activity was generally promoted with LOC accumulation in the coarse-sand-sized macroaggregates of the rice soils, positively responding to prolonged rice cultivation management. The finding here provides a mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon turnover and microbial community succession at fine scale of soil aggregates that have evolved along with anthropogenic activity of rice cultivation in the field.
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VAN TRI, NGO, AARON M. BAUER, PERRY L. WOOD JR., and JESSE L. GRISMER. "A new species of Gekko Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Dong Nai Province, Southeastern Vietnam." Zootaxa 2238, no. 1 (September 23, 2009): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2238.1.3.
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A new endemic species of Gekko, G. russelltraini, is described from Chua Chan Mountain, an isolated granitic peak in the Xuan Loc district, Dong Nai province, southeastern Vietnam. The species is distinguished from its congeners by its moderate size (SVL 70.3–82.9 mm), 8–11 precloacal pores in males, 12–16 longitudinal rows of very weakly enlarged, smooth dorsal tubercles, 17–18 lamellae beneath digit IV of pes, and dorsal pattern of five to seven white vertebral blotches between nape and sacrum and four to seven pairs of short white bands on flanks between limb insertions. Gekko russelltraini is a member of a group of mid-sized Indochinese Gekko sharing similar habitus, scalation, and color pattern elements and is the seventh member of its genus confirmed for Vietnam.
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ROBYR, ROGER. "SBV REGULARITY OF ENTROPY SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF GENUINELY NONLINEAR SCALAR BALANCE LAWS WITH NON-CONVEX FLUX FUNCTION." Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 05, no. 02 (June 2008): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219891608001544.
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In this work we study the regularity of entropy solutions of the genuinely nonlinear scalar balance laws [Formula: see text] We assume that the source term g ∈ C1(ℝ × ℝ × ℝ+), that the flux function f ∈ C2(ℝ × ℝ × ℝ+) and that {ui ∈ ℝ : fuu(ui,x,t) = 0} is at most countable for every fixed (x,t) ∈ Ω. Our main result, which is a unification of two proposed intermediate theorems, states that BV entropy solutions of such equations belong to SBV loc (Ω). Moreover, using the theory of generalized characteristics we prove that for entropy solutions of balance laws with convex flux function, there exists a constant C > 0 such that: [Formula: see text] where C can be chosen uniformly for (x + h,t), (x,t) in any compact subset of Ω.
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Chen, Kexin, Da Yang, Xiangchun Li, Baocun Sun, Fengju Song, Wenfeng Cao, Daniel J. Brat, et al. "Mutational landscape of gastric adenocarcinoma in Chinese: Implications for prognosis and therapy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 4 (January 12, 2015): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422640112.
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Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. To identify potential clinically actionable therapeutic targets that may inform individualized treatment strategies, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 78 GCs of differing histologies and anatomic locations, as well as whole-genome sequencing on two GC cases, each with three primary tumors and two matching lymph node metastases. The data showed two distinct GC subtypes with either high-clonality (HiC) or low-clonality (LoC). The HiC subtype of intratumoral heterogeneity was associated with older age, TP53 (tumor protein P53) mutation, enriched C > G transition, and significantly shorter survival, whereas the LoC subtype was associated with younger age, ARID1A (AT rich interactive domain 1A) mutation, and significantly longer survival. Phylogenetic tree analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from multiple samples of two patients supported the clonal evolution of GC metastasis and revealed the accumulation of genetic defects that necessitate combination therapeutics. The most recurrently mutated genes, which were validated in a separate cohort of 216 cases by targeted sequencing, were members of the homologous recombination DNA repair, Wnt, and PI3K-ERBB pathways. Notably, the drugable NRG1 (neuregulin-1) and ERBB4 (V-Erb-B2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4) ligand-receptor pair were mutated in 10% of GC cases. Mutations of the BRCA2 (breast cancer 2, early onset) gene, found in 8% of our cohort and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas GC cohort, were associated with significantly longer survivals. These data define distinct clinicogenetic forms of GC in the Chinese population that are characterized by specific mutation sets that can be investigated for efficacy of single and combination therapies.
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Elsakov, Pavel. "Endoskopinių tyrimų reikšmė storosios žarnos vėžio ankstyvajai diagnostikai." Lietuvos chirurgija 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2003.3.2404.
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Pavel ElsakovVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutas,Santariškių g. 1, LT-2021 VilniusEl paštas: e.jelsakova@vb.lt Įvadas / tikslas Ankstyvojo storosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika – viena opiausių problemų tiek Lietuvoje, tiek Vakarų šalyse. Šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti endoskopinių tyrimų reikšmę storosios žarnos vėžio ankstyvajai diagnostikai. Metodai Lietuvos onkologijos centre 1998–2000 metais, palyginti su 1995–1997 metais, kolonoskopuojamų simptominių ligonių skaičius padidėjo du kartus. Statistiniu metodu (santykine rizika RR) apskaičiavome kiekvieno storosios žarnos segmento C18.0; C18.2–7; C19; C20 (aklosios, gaubtinės žarnos, rektosigminės jungties, tiesiosios žarnos) ankstyvojo vėžio diagnostikos pokyčius. Rezultatai Lietuvos onkologijos centre, 1998–2000 metais, palyginti su 1995–1997 metais, dukart padidinus kolonoskopuojamų simptominių ligonių skaičių, ankstyvojo storosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika pagerėjo: rektosigminės jungties vėžio – 1,22 karto (RR = 1,22), aklosios žarnos – 1,47 karto (RR = 1,47). Išvados Kolonoskopuojamų simptominių pacientų skaičių padidinus dukart, I–II stadijos aklosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika pagerėjo 1,47 karto, rektosigminės jungties – 1,22 karto. Prasminiai žodžiai: kolonoskopija, rektoskopija, ankstyvasis vėžys, santykinė rizika. The value of endoscopical examinations for improving the early colorectal cancer diagnosis Pavel Elsakov Background The early colorectal cancer diagnosis in Lithuania and West countries remain one of the general and important tasks. Methods At Lithuanian Oncology Center (LOC) in1998–2000 versus 1995–1997 the number of symptomatic patients examined by colonoscopy increased twice. For analysis of early colorectal cancer diagnosis we used the relative risk calculation method. Results In 1998–2000 versus 1995–1998, at LOC the early colon cancer diagnosis improved: cecum 1.47 times (RR = 1.47), rectosigmoid 1.22 (RR = 1.22). The early cancer diagnosis of rectum did not change, because did not change the number of patients examined by rectoscopy. Conclusions The twice as high number of symptomatic patients examined by colonoscopy improved diagnosis of early colon cancer, especially of its cecum (1.47 times) and colon rectosigmoid (1.22 times) forms. Keywords: colonoscopy, rectoscopy, early cancer, relative risk.
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McGrath, B. J., F. E. Guedry, C. M. Oman, and A. H. Rupert. "Vestibulo-Ocular Response of Human Subjects Seated in a Pivoting Support System During 3 Gz Centrifuge Stimulation." Journal of Vestibular Research 5, no. 5 (December 1, 1995): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1995-5501.
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The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and spatial orientation perceptions were recorded in 15 subjects during 3 Gz centrifuge runs. These data were obtained to study two issues: (1) to gain insight into reports of asymmetrical disorientation and disturbance during acceleration and deceleration of centrifuge runs like those used to train pilots on the procedures to counteract G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC); (2) to study the effects of sustained vertical linear acceleration on the vestibular system. The centrifuge angular velocity profile consisted of a 19 s angular acceleration to 3 Gz that was sustained for 5 min during a period of constant angular velocity, and a 19 s deceleration to 1 Gz. The runs were repeated three times with the subject facing the motion and three times with the subject’s back to the motion. The VOR and spatial orientation perceptions from the eight subjects who completed all six runs were analyzed. The total VOR response during acceleration and deceleration was composed of interacting angular (AVOR) and linear components (LVOR). Asymmetries in pitch orientation perception between centrifuge acceleration and deceleration were not matched by asymmetries in the total VOR slow phase velocity. During the constant velocity high-G phase of the run, sustained up-beating LVOR (Lz nystagmus) was present in 14 of the 15 subjects. Significant individual differences in Lz nystagmus were found, but the maximum Lz response in our 15 subjects was probably of insufficient magnitude to degrade visual scan of cockpit instruments. Mean magnitudes ranged from 0 to 10 deg/s at 90 s from onset of centrifuge run.
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Ghimire, Suraj Babu, and Rahul Ranjan. "EFFECT OF REPLACING MUSTARD OILCAKE BY LINSEED OILCAKE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 22, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v22i1.17734.
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This study was done to explore the effect of replacing mustard oilcake by linseed oilcake in feed on the growth performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Mustard oilcake (MOC) was replaced by linseed oil cake (LOC) at three different level 0%, 50% and 100% to prepare three different types of diets. Diets were prepared with about 18% analyzed crude protein content. Fingerlings were kept in three happa with three replications for each diet in completely randomized design (CRD). Fish of average weight 5.31 g were stocked in happa having size 1.5m×1.5m×1.2m. The experimental fish were fed 3% of their body weight per day, once in the morning for five months continuously. No significant difference (p>0.05) in final mean weight, final total weight, average daily weight gain (DWG), survival rate, extrapolated gross fish yield (GFY), extrapolated net fish yield (NFY) and apparent feed conversion ratio (AFCR) among different treatments were observed. Hence, linseed oilcake can be used as the substitute in the feed of tilapia, if it is locally available. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2017, 22 (1): 10-16
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Newman, David G. "Factors Contributing to Accidents During Aerobatic Flight Operations." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5810.2021.
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INTRODUCTION: Aerobatic flight operations involve a higher level of risk than standard flight operations. Aerobatics imposes considerable stresses on both the aircraft and the pilot. The purpose of this study was to analyze civilian aerobatic aircraft accidents in Australia, with particular emphasis on the underlying accident causes and survival outcomes.METHODS: The accident and incident database of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau was searched for all events involving aerobatic flight for the period 19802010.RESULTS: A total of 51 accidents involving aircraft undertaking aerobatic operations were identified, with 71 aircraft occupants. Of the accidents, 27 (52.9) were fatal, resulting in a total of 36 fatalities. There were 24 nonfatal accidents. In terms of injury outcomes, there were 4 serious and 9 minor injuries, and 22 accidents in which no injuries were recorded. Fatal accidents were mainly due to loss of control by the pilot (44.4), in-flight structural failure of the airframe (25.9), and terrain impact (25.9). G-LOC was considered a possible cause in 11.1 of fatal accidents. Nonfatal accidents were mainly due to powerplant failure (41.7) and noncatastrophic airframe damage (25). Accidents involving aerobatic maneuvering have a significantly increased risk of a fatal outcome (odds ratio 26).DISCUSSION: The results of this study highlight the risks involved in aerobatic flight. Exceeding the operational limits of the maneuver and the design limits of the aircraft are major factors contributing to a fatal aerobatic aircraft accident. Improved awareness of G physiology and better operational decision-making while undertaking aerobatic flight may help prevent further accidents.Newman DG. Factors contributing to accidents during aerobatic flight operations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):612618.
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Maarek, Alizee, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Caroline Houillier, Olivier Chinot, Fontanet Bijou, Luc Taillandier, Philippe Agape, et al. "Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell CNS Lymphoma over 80 Years: An Analysis of 110 Patients from the French Oculo-Cerebral Lymphoma (LOC) Network." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117331.
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Abstract Introduction: in large unselected series, the median age of Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) patients (pts) is about 70 years. In one USA cancer registry study for PCNSL patients (pts) older than 65 years, 14% of them are older than 80 years. Data on clinical characteristics, therapeutical management, toxicity of treatment and outcome of these very elderly pts are limited. Methods: We reviewed PCNSL pts aged of 80 years or older included in the database of the French Oculo-Cerebral lymphoma (LOC) network. From January 2011, this network prospectively recorded all newly diagnosed PCNSL from 22 regional expert centers in France. For this study, 110 PCNSL pts with a histological diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged of 80 years or older were analyzed. All medical records were reviewed for clinical and biological characteristics, modality of treatment and supportive care, toxicities and outcome. Results: 110 pts with a DLBCL PCNSL aged of 80 years or older were diagnosed between January 2011 and January 2018 representing 8% of pts available in the LOC database. The clinical characteristics were as follows: 63% of females; median age: 83y (80-92); performance status (PS) according to EORTC scale: 1, 24% of pts, 2, 21% of pts, 3-4, 55% of pts. 23.6% of pts had a CIRS-G grade 3 or 4 in at least one category and 40.9% had a cumulative CIRS-G score more than 6. Diagnosis procedure was biopsy (87%), tumor resection (5%), vitrectomy (4%), CSF cytology (4%). At diagnosis, 9/68 (13%) of evaluable pts had ocular involvement, 13/61 (21%) cerebrospinal (CSF) involvement, 79/110 (72%) involvement of the deep structures of the brain and 35/86 (41%) had elevated LDH level. Median creatinine clearance (CKD.EPI) was 70ml/min (min: 24, max: 102). Treatment was initiated either by a neuro-oncology or a hematology team in 35% and 65% of cases, respectively. Median delay between first symptoms and treatment was 60 days. First line treatment was high-dose (HD) methotrexate (MTX) based chemotherapy (CT) in 85 pts (77%), other chemotherapy regimen in 13 pts (12%) and palliative care in 12 pts (11%). Median number of CT cycles was 3 (1-11) with a median dose of MTX of 3g/m2 (0.5-5.0). Interestingly, no difference of distribution for the main clinical and biological characteristics (median age, PS, symptoms, tumor localization, albumin level, creatinine clearance) was observed between these three groups. Rituximab was used in combination with CT in 53/98 treated pts (54%). After first-line induction chemotherapy, response rate for evaluable patients (n=85) were as follows: 37% of complete response, 9% of partial response, 54% of stable or progressive disease. Finally, 27 pts (32%) received consolidation treatment with high-dose cytarabine after MTX-based CT. For toxicity, among the 351 infusions performed for the 85 pts who received MTX-based CT, grade 3-4 toxicities were: 46% of any events, 15% of infection, 13% of cytopenia, 10.5% of acute renal failure and 8% of elevated liver enzymes. 13% of pts presented toxic death. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.9 months and 7 months, respectively. Pts treated with MTX-based CT had a significantly prolonged PFS and OS as compared to patients treated without MTX or with palliative care (Figure 1A, 1B). In the univariate analysis performed for the 85 pts treated with MTX-based CT, no initial clinical and biological characteristics (age, PS, type of symptoms, CIRS-G, tumor localization, LDH level, albumin level, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, creatinine clearance) influenced PFS or OS. The initial dose of MTX did not influence outcome but intravenous rituximab used in first line therapy significantly improved PFS and OS (Figure 1C, 1D). Conclusions: to the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series of consecutive PCNSL pts aged of 80y or over prospectively recorded in a national database. This study showed that the prognosis remains poor with major toxicity under conventional treatment. No clinical predictor of survival was highlighted in our series but patients initially treated with MTX-based CT in combination with rituximab had an improved outcome. The development of target and innovative therapies is needed for this category of patients representing 8% of all PCNSL in the database of the LOC network. Disclosures Houot: Celgene: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria.
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Čebohin, Maja, Senka Samardžić, Ksenija Marjanović, Martina Tot Vesić, Kristina Kralik, Andreja Bartulić, and Dijana Hnatešen. "Adenoma Characteristics and the Influence of Alcohol and Cigarette Consumption on the Development of Advanced Colorectal Adenomas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228296.
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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading public health problems worldwide, is a disease that can be prevented when it is detected in time. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the characteristics of colorectal adenomas and whether alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking correlated with the development of advanced adenomas in participants in The National Programme for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer (NP) in Osijek-Baranja County (OBC), Croatia. Methods: The screening methods were the guaiac Faecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT), colonoscopy, histological analysis, and risk factor questionnaire. Results: The results showed the presence of adenomas in 136 men (57.4%) and 101 women (42.6%), p < 0.001. There was one adenoma in 147 (62%) most commonly located in sigmorect, in 86 (59%) participants, and 44 (18.6%) participants had multiple adenomas, most commonly found in multi loc, p < 0.001. According to size, 118 (49.8%) of all adenomas were between 0.1 and 0.9 cm, while adenomas of 3 cm 19 (8%) were the fewest, p < 0.001. There were 142 (59.9%) advanced adenomas. Conclusions: Adenoma development in the OBC population was correlated with predictors: adenoma size, high-grade dysplasia, smoking and alcohol consumption of 20 g per day. Non-smoking was found to be a health protective behaviour.
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Krishna, M. P., Rinoy Varghese, and A. A. Mohamed Hatha. "Heavy metal tolerance and multiple drug resistance of heterotrophic bacterial isolates from metal contaminated soil." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12006.
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The development of multiple metal/antibiotic resistances among the bacterial population causes a potential risk to human health. Metal contamination in natural environments could have an important role in the maintenance and proliferation of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, a total of 46 heterotrophic bacterial isolates from metal contaminated soil were tested for their sensitivity to 10 widely used antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, penicillin, amikacin, lincomycin, novobiocin, vancomycin and tetracycline. Metal tolerant ability of these isolates against five heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, cadmium and nickel were also determined. The results revealed that most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to one or more heavy metals/ antibiotics against which they are tested. Tolerance to heavy metal showed the following pattern; lead > zinc > nickel > copper > cadmium. Resistance to ampicillin (73.91%), penicillin (60.8%), lincomycin (43.47%) and nalidixic acid (21.73%) were encountered frequently. None of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, while resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline were low (2.17%). Out of the 46 bacterial isolates, 36 isolates showed multiple metal and antibiotic resistances. Isolate LOC 10 showed significantly high tolerance (100-300�g/mL) to all the metals and was resistant to 6 antibiotics.
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Yermekov M.T.,, Rozhkova O.V.,, Tolysbayev Ye.T.,, Zhakipbekov Zh.N.,, Merkureva S.N.,, Schefer V.I.,, and Ivanovich V.V.,. "PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF THE SILT SLUDGE UTILIZATION ISSUES AT WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES OF NUR-SULTAN CITY." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 443 (October 15, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.82.
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Effective management of wastewater sludge is currently one of the most pressing environmental problems in Nur-Sultan city, which becomes more acute year by year and requires immediate solution. Wastewater sludge is almost completely stored at the treatment facilities, which turns them into a source area of bacteriological and toxicological hazard. For this reason, the most urgent problem now is the development of new sustainable and zero waste technologies that can effectively expedite the reduction of silt sludge and lead to a significant decrease in their final volume. This article analyzes various methods of sludge disposal. It is shown that of all possible technology options with admissible environmental impact and the best economic indicators, the most acceptable is the method of thermo-catalytic oxidation of wastewater sludge in a semi fluidized bed of the catalyst, the use of which can fundamentally change the situation with the sludge disposal. Also, the article studied the composition and carried out measurements of silt sludge contamination with heavy metals and oil products at wastewater treatment plants of Nur-Sultan city. It is pointed out that the LOC for the TPH-in-soil is 1.5 g/kg, from which it can be concluded that there is a significant excess in the wastewater sludge for this indicator, and studies for the heavy metals presence in the wastewater sludge showed that sediments can have a toxic effect and are classified as 4 class of hazard.
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Mancini, Flavia, Nadia Bolognini, Emanuela Bricolo, and Giuseppe Vallar. "Cross-modal Processing in the Occipito-temporal Cortex: A TMS Study of the Müller-Lyer Illusion." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 8 (August 2011): 1987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21561.
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The Müller-Lyer illusion occurs both in vision and in touch, and transfers cross-modally from vision to haptics [Mancini, F., Bricolo, E., & Vallar, G. Multisensory integration in the Müller-Lyer illusion: From vision to haptics. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 818–830, 2010]. Recent evidence suggests that the neural underpinnings of the Müller-Lyer illusion in the visual modality involve the bilateral lateral occipital complex (LOC) and right superior parietal cortex (SPC). Conversely, the neural correlates of the haptic and cross-modal illusions have never been investigated previously. Here we used repetitive TMS (rTMS) to address the causal role of the regions activated by the visual illusion in the generation of the visual, haptic, and cross-modal visuo-haptic illusory effects, investigating putative modality-specific versus cross-modal underlying processes. rTMS was administered to the right and the left hemisphere, over occipito-temporal cortex or SPC. rTMS over left and right occipito-temporal cortex impaired both unisensory (visual, haptic) and cross-modal processing of the illusion in a similar fashion. Conversely, rTMS interference over left and right SPC did not affect the illusion in any modality. These results demonstrate the causal involvement of bilateral occipito-temporal cortex in the representation of the visual, haptic, and cross-modal Müller-Lyer illusion, in favor of the hypothesis of shared underlying processes. This indicates that occipito-temporal cortex plays a cross-modal role in perception both of illusory and nonillusory shapes.
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Fattler, Torben, and Martin Grothaus. "CONSTRUCTION OF ELLIPTIC DIFFUSIONS WITH REFLECTING BOUNDARY CONDITION AND AN APPLICATION TO CONTINUOUS N-PARTICLE SYSTEMS WITH SINGULAR INTERACTIONS." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 51, no. 2 (June 2008): 337–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001309150600160x.
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AbstractWe give a Dirichlet form approach for the construction and analysis of elliptic diffusions in $\bar{\varOmega}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ with reflecting boundary condition. The problem is formulated in an $L^2$-setting with respect to a reference measure $\mu$ on $\bar{\varOmega}$ having an integrable, $\mathrm{d} x$-almost everywhere (a.e.) positive density $\varrho$ with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The symmetric Dirichlet forms $(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a},D(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}))$ we consider are the closure of the symmetric bilinear forms\begin{gather*} \mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}(f,g)=\sum_{i,j=1}^n\int_{\varOmega}\partial_ifa_{ij} \partial_jg\,\mathrm{d}\mu,\quad f,g\in\mathcal{D}, \\ \mathcal{D}=\{f\in C(\bar{\varOmega})\mid f\in W^{1,1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varOmega),\ \mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}(f,f)\lt\infty\}, \end{gather*}in $L^2(\bar{\varOmega},\mu)$, where $a$ is a symmetric, elliptic, $n\times n$-matrix-valued measurable function on $\bar{\varOmega}$. Assuming that $\varOmega$ is an open, relatively compact set with boundary $\partial\varOmega$ of Lebesgue measure zero and that $\varrho$ satisfies the Hamza condition, we can show that $(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a},D(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}))$ is a local, quasi-regular Dirichlet form. Hence, it has an associated self-adjoint generator $(L^{\varrho,a},D(L^{\varrho,a}))$ and diffusion process $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ (i.e. an associated strong Markov process with continuous sample paths). Furthermore, since $1\in D(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a})$ (due to the Neumann boundary condition) and $\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}(1,1)=0$, we obtain a conservative process $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ (i.e. $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ has infinite lifetime). Additionally, assuming that $\sqrt{\varrho}\in W^{1,2}(\varOmega)\cap C(\bar{\varOmega})$ or that $\varrho$ is bounded, $\varOmega$ is convex and $\{\varrho=0\}$ has codimension at least 2, we can show that the set $\{\varrho=0\}$ has $\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}$-capacity zero. Therefore, in this case we can even construct an associated conservative diffusion process in $\{\varrho>0\}$. This is essential for our application to continuous $N$-particle systems with singular interactions. Note that for the construction of the self-adjoint generator $(L^{\varrho,a},D(L^{\varrho,a}))$ and the Markov process $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ we do not need to assume any differentiability condition on $\varrho$ and $a$. We obtain the following explicit representation of the generator for $\sqrt{\varrho}\in W^{1,2}(\varOmega)$ and $a\in W^{1,\infty}(\varOmega)$:$$ L^{\varrho,a}=\sum_{i,j=1}^n\partial_i(a_{ij}\partial_j)+\partial_i(\log\varrho)a_{ij}\partial_j. $$Note that the drift term can be singular, because we allow $\varrho$ to be zero on a set of Lebesgue measure zero. Our assumptions in this paper even allow a drift that is not integrable with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
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Trappes-Lomax, John. "Two notes on Horace and Juvenal." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 47 (2001): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500000766.
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Such is the reading of the MSS, but it has never given universal satisfaction. Erasmus, because praeponere with accusative and dative regularly means ‘to prefer one thing to another’, suggested undique decerptae frondi praeponere olivam, meaning to prefer the olive, as symbol of Athens, to the leaf plucked from everywhere else. However undique is still a problem, as it means ‘from everywhere’ not ‘from everywhere else’; furthermore modern editors hold that Bentley (ad loc.) justifies the use of praeponere as meaning ‘to place prominently upon’.One might suggest the following as a useful methodological principle: textual corruption should be suspected in any passage which has been explained by a sufficient number of scholars in ways which are incompatible with one another and which could never have occurred to any ordinary reader. This principle can be illustrated by the extraordinarily diverse and recondite explanations given here for undique; thus Bentley interprets it as ex eo argumento undiquaque exhausto; R. G. M. Nisbet and Margaret Hubbard report and reject such suggestions of others as ‘from every quarter of Attic soil’, ‘from every source in Attic legend’, ‘from every other poet's [brow]’ and ‘by everyone’; they themselves suggest ‘from anywhere and everywhere’, and support this with a reference to Odes 1.16.14, where in fact undique has its proper meaning of ‘from everywhere’, i.e. from each of the animals already created; Kenneth Quinn sees an ‘ironic ambiguity’ between ‘the ubiquitous olive’ and the ‘olive picked by all’; David West accepts ‘from anywhere and everywhere’, and interprets it as ‘meaning that their writings are derivative, being made up of imitations culled from the whole body of Greek poetry’ – but only a minute part of ‘the whole body of Greek poetry’ would have provided relevant material.
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Ibáñez, Maximiliano, Ana Belén Calvo, Victoria Alvarez, and Salvador Lépore. "Osteochondral lesions of the talus: clinical and functional assessment of conservative vs scope treatment." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 12_suppl4 (December 1, 2014): 2325967114S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00247.
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Introduction: Osteochondral injuries involving the ankle joint are unusual (incidence of 0.09% according to Berndt and Harty), third in frequency after knee and elbow location. They are described as a cause of chronic pain after ankle sprains in the active population (thought to occur in 2-6% of sprains). MRI is the gold standard diagnostic method. Therapeutic strategies include both conservative and surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus treated in our department between January 2007 and December 2012. Sixty per cent were male with an average age of 42 years. Eleven patients were treated conservatively, one of them had clear surgical indication (LOC G III, as classified by Ferkel and Sgaglione) but refused to perform the procedure. Nine patients underwent arthroscopic surgery (debridement and microfracture), one of the procedures was a review of an arthroscopy performed in another service. No open surgery was performed. Clinical and functional evaluation was performed using the AOFAS score, Freiburg and VAS Score System. Results: Non-surgical treatment group had a pretreatment average AOFAS score of 58, which improved to 74.8 points; a Freiburg Score System that ranged from 65 to 79.3 points and a VAS average of 5,4. AOFAS surgical treatment group improved from 54.3 to 84.8 points, Freiburg Score System ranged from 60.6 to 81.4 points and VAS average was of 5,8. Discussion: It is difficult to compare our results with other series of patients, because we made a comparison between conservative versus artrhoscopic treatment, while other authors show results obtained when performing certain surgical technique Although surgical treatment has better results, we agree with the literature that conservative treatment presents acceptable results and should always be considered as the first option.
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Garcilazo, Y. J., C. Soussain, E. Tabouret, G. Ahle, A. Schimitt, A. Waultier, M. Blonski, A. Liou-Schischmanoff, K. Hoang-Xuan, and C. Houillier. "P14.118 Carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) rescue after high dose methotrexate (hdMTX) chemotherapy for Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL). A French LOC network study." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.353.
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Abstract BACKGROUND CPG2 is an efficient rescue recombinant bacterial enzyme that cleaves MTX into inactive metabolites. As hdMTX is the key agent in PCNSL, delayed MTX excretion (DME), and/or MTX induced nephrotoxicity (MIN) may expose the patients to severe toxicities and prevent the further use of the drug. Little is known on the use of CPG2 and its impact on patient outcome.Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, indications, risk factors, outcomes of PCNSL patients treated with CPG2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients from the LOC network database with histologically proven PCNSL, aged >18, who received CPG2 following hdMTX. RESULTS From 2011 to 2018, 41(3%) of 1236 patients treated with hdMTX used CPG2. Median age: 70 years [46–86], sex ratio M/F 3.6, median KPS 70. Indications of CPG2 were DME (12%), MIN (34%), both (49%). 37/41 (90%) of the patients had either a cardiovascular history (CVH) (76%) or a preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD) (56%) and 59% had at least one additional risk factor: delayed MTX elimination or renal toxicity in prior cycles (20%), other grade III-IV toxicity (20%), concomitant drugs interfering with MTX excretion (29%), active infection (22%), hypoalbuminemia (59%). Median hdMTX dose was 3 g/m2 [1–3.5], median number of MTX injection received at the time of CPG2: 2[1–6]. At time of the CPG2 administration, median serum creatinine was 185 μmol/l [108–410] and median serum MTX: 25 μmol/l [1–240]. 24% of patients underwent hemodialysis, 76% return to baseline creatinine, in a median of 30 days; no MTX related deaths were reported. Extrarenal grade III-IV toxicities: lymphopenia (46%), neutropenia (22%), mucocutaneous toxicity (15%), thrombopenia (12%), hepatotoxicity (12%), sepsis (12%). Median time to chemotherapy resumption: 26 days (cytarabine-based or hdMTX rechallenge). HdMTX was reintroduced safely in 14 patients (34%) but one. The outcome (ORR, PFS OS) was similar with that expected of patients who would not have had toxicity to MTX. CONCLUSION In our study, a small number of patients have received CPG2 regarding the incidence of MIN and DME, probably due to treatment cost. The high frequency of risk factors points out the need of careful attention of this issue and for adapted hdMTX protocol for this vulnerable population. CPG2 treated patients do not have a worse prognosis than expected. A controlled study is warranted to compare the cost/benefit of the management of MIN /DME with or without CPG2.
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Munawaroh, Beti, and Muhsinatun Siasah Masruri. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING AND DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL TOWARD LEARNING OUTCOME IN GEOGRAPHY ON STUDENTS WITH EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i1.9240.
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Based on the development in education, Indonesia has implemented a new curriculum called K13, in this curriculum, implementing the scientific approach is mandatory. Unsuitable learning model results in minimum students’ learning outcome in geography. In addition, locus of control also affects the students' learning outcome since students with internal LoC are alway better than students with external LoC. To cope with this issue, a suitable learning model is necessary: PBL and DL model. A suitable model is expected to be able to improve students' learning outcome — the present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of PBL and DL towards students with external locus of control. The present study was categorized as experimental research with control group experiment. The sample of the study was sixty-two students of SMA Negeri 1 Sekadau Hulu Class X of IPS. They were selected using purposive sampling. T-test was used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire and test. The result of the study showed that the significance value was .043 < 0.05. It means that there is effectiveness different between PBL and DL on students with external locus of control in terms of their learning outcome in Geography.
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Copyright (c) 2018 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
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Flynn, Brenna, Dana deRiancho, Marie R. Lawton, and Samuel D. Alcaine. "Evaluation of Lactose Oxidase as an Enzyme-Based Antimicrobial for Control of L. monocytogenes in Fresh Cheese." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071471.
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Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous pathogen that can cause morbidity and mortality in the elderly, immune compromised, and the fetuses of pregnant women. The intrinsic properties of fresh cheese—high water activity (aW), low salt content, and near-neutral pH—make it susceptible to L. monocytogenes contamination and growth at various points in the production process. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of lactose oxidase (LO), a naturally derived enzyme, to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes in fresh cheese during various points of the production process. Lab-scale queso fresco was produced and inoculated with L. monocytogenes at final concentrations of 1 log CFU/mL and 1 CFU/100 mL. LO and LO sodium thiocyanate (TCN) combinations were incorporated into the milk or topically applied to the finished cheese product in varying concentration levels. A positive control and negative control were included for all experiments. When L. monocytogenes was inoculated into the milk used for the cheese-making process, by day 28, the positive control grew to above 7 log CFU/g, while the 0.6 g/L treatment (LO and LO + TCN) fell below the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.3 log CFU/g. In the lower inoculum, the positive control grew to above 7 log CFU/g, and the treatment groups fell below the LOD by day 21 and continued through day 28 of storage. For surface application, outgrowth occurred with the treatments in the higher inoculum, but some inhibition was observed. In the lower inoculum, the higher LO and LO-TCN concentrations (0.6 g/L) reduced L. monocytogenes counts to below the LOD, while the control grew out to above 7 log CFU/g, which is a >5 log difference between the control and the treatment. These results suggest that LO could be leveraged as an effective control for L. monocytogenes in a fresh cheese.
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Kiseľák, Jozef, Pavlina Jordanova, and Milan Stehlík. "Generalized Inv-Log-Gamma-G processes." Stochastic Analysis and Applications 36, no. 6 (October 29, 2018): 1053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07362994.2018.1524305.
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