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1
Wang, Jin Yuan, Fernando R. Noriega, James E. Galen, Eileen Barry, and Myron M. Levine. "Constitutive Expression of the Vi Polysaccharide Capsular Antigen in Attenuated Salmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Oral Vaccine Strain CVD 909." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 4647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.8.4647-4652.2000.
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ABSTRACT Live oral Ty21a and parenteral Vi polysaccharide vaccines provide significant protection against typhoid fever, albeit by distinct immune mechanisms. Vi stimulates serum immunoglobulin G Vi antibodies, whereas Ty21a, which does not express Vi, elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses other than Vi antibodies. Protection may be enhanced if serum Vi antibody as well as cell-mediated and humoral responses can be stimulated. Disappointingly, several new attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi oral vaccines (e.g., CVD 908-htrA and Ty800) that elicit serum O and H antibody and cell-mediated responses following a single dose do not stimulate serum Vi antibody. Vi expression is regulated in response to environmental signals such as osmolarity by controlling the transcription oftviA in the viaB locus. To investigate if Vi antibodies can be stimulated if Vi expression is rendered constitutive, we replaced P tviA in serovar Typhi vaccine CVD 908-htrA with the constitutive promoter P tac , resulting in CVD 909. CVD 909 expresses Vi even under high-osmolarity conditions and is less invasive for Henle 407 cells. In mice immunized with a single intranasal dose, CVD 909 was more immunogenic than CVD 908-htrA in eliciting serum Vi antibodies (geometric mean titer of 160 versus 49, P = 0.0007), whereas O antibody responses were virtually identical (geometric mean titer of 87 versus 80). In mice challenged intraperitoneally with wild-type serovar Typhi 4 weeks after a single intranasal immunization, the mortality of those immunized with CVD 909 (3 of 8) was significantly lower than that of control mice (10 of 10,P = 0.043) or mice given CVD 908-htrA (9 of 10, P = 0.0065).
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Li, Mingxun, Qisong Gao, Mengqi Wang, Yan Liang, Yujia Sun, Zhi Chen, Huimin Zhang, Niel A. Karrow, Zhangping Yang, and Yongjiang Mao. "Polymorphisms in Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Are Associated with Milk Production Traits in Chinese Holstein Cows." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040671.
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This study investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene and further explored their genetic effects on conventionally collected milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows using 18,264 test-day records of 841 cows. One missense mutation c. 908 C > T (SNP site in the complementary DNA sequence), which caused an amino acid change from alanine to valine (294Ala > Val), and two 3’ untranslated region (UTR) SNPs, c.1571 G > A and c.2776 A > G were finally identified. The SNP c.908 C > T was significantly associated with test-day milk yield, fat percentage and 305-day milk, fat and protein yield. In particular, the T allele of the SNP c.908 C > T showed a significant association with decreased somatic cell score (SCS) in the investigated population. Significant relationship between the SNP c.1571 G > A and 305-day milk yield showed that genotype GG was linked to the highest milk yield. Substituting the allele G for A at the c.2776 A > G locus resulted in a decrease of protein percentage. Our results demonstrated that FADS2 was an interesting candidate for selection to increase milk production and improve resistance against mastitis.
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Tu, Xing-Chao, Zhenzhen Wu, Xin Geng, Lu-Lu Qu, Hong-Mei Sun, Chao Lai, Dong-Sheng Li, and Shanqing Zhang. "Oligomerized imide and thioimide organic cathode materials via a H-transfer mechanism for high capacity lithium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 34 (2021): 18306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta05405h.
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A H-transfer process for oligomerized imide and thioimide is proposed offering ultra-high theoretical capacities of 1246 and 908 mA h g−1 and practical capacities of 464.6 and 820.6 mA h g−1. This work provides a new energy storage mechanism for organic electrode materials.
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Fang, Chee-Mun, Jin Yuan Wang, Magaly Chinchilla, Myron M. Levine, William C. Blackwelder, and James E. Galen. "Use of mchI Encoding Immunity to the Antimicrobial Peptide Microcin H47 as a Plasmid Selection Marker in Attenuated Bacterial Live Vectors." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 10 (July 28, 2008): 4422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00487-08.
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ABSTRACTLive attenuated bacterial strains expressing heterologous antigens represent an attractive vaccine development strategy. However, the use of drug resistance genes for the selection of expression plasmids introduced into live vectors poses theoretical health risks. Therefore, we developed a novel approach for plasmid selection based on immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin H47 (MccH47). Two expression plasmids encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) were constructed; selection markers comprised eithermchI, conferring immunity to MccH47 (pGEN222I), orbla(encoding β-lactamase), conferring conventional resistance to ampicillin (pGEN222). GFPuv-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses were analyzed in mice immunized intranasally either withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi CVD 908-htrAorShigella flexneri2a CVD 1208S live vector and were boosted parenterally with purified GFPuv. Similar IgG antibody responses were observed for both pGEN222 and pGEN222I when either CVD 1208S or CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) was used as the carrier. Interestingly, CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) elicited a significantly higher IgG response than CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222). We also compared the priming potential of homologous priming either with CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) or CVD 1208S(pGEN222I) to heterologous priming first with CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) and then with CVD 1208S(pGEN222I) and vice versa. Immunization with two unrelated live vectors significantly enhanced the IgG responses compared to responses engendered by homologous CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) but not to those of CVD 1208S(pGEN222I). MccH47 offers an alternate system for plasmid selection in bacterial live vectors that greatly improves their clinical acceptability. Furthermore, the success of the heterologous priming strategy supports the feasibility of the future development of multivalent live vector-based immunization strategies against multiple human pathogens.
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Kobayashi, Yoshitake. "Neuerkenntnisse zu einigen Bach-Quellen an Hand schriftkundlicher Untersuchungen." Bach-Jahrbuch 64 (March 22, 2018): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/bjb.v19782050.
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Schriftkundliche Untersuchungen haben zur Klärung verschiedener Fragen geführt. J. L. Krebs kann als Komponist der BWV 567 und BWV Anh. 27 identifiziert werden. Wahrscheinlich haben folgende Komponisten die mit ihrem jeweiligen Namen aufgeführten und bisher zu Unrecht Bach zugeschriebenen Werke geschrieben: C. P. E. Bach (BWV 1020), J. E. Bach (Bach-Inc. 47), G. Kirchhoff (BWV 907, 908), B. Pasquini (BWV 833). BWV 525 existiert wahrscheinlich in einer früheren B-Dur Version. Neben einigen weiteren Schriftidentifikationen aus dem Kreis der Bachschüler kann nachgewiesen werden, dass Bach Werke von F. Conti, B. Pasquini und D. Buxtehude aufgeführt hat. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
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Orozco, María, and Susanne Thienhaus. "Efecto de la gallinaza en plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en desarrollo." Agronomía Mesoamericana 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v8i1.24735.
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We studied the effect of the organic chicken manure on the growth and development of cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.), during their juvenile stage. The experiment was initiated in February, 1993, in three commercial plantations, 20 months old, located in the county of El Rama, Region V. During the following 14 months we carried out three application , comparing, the three levels of chicken manure (454 , 908 . and 1,362 g per tree and application) with mineral fertilizer (three applications , of 15-15-15fertilizers100 g per tree, plus one application of, urea 100 g per tree), and a check without any applications. A random complete bolck design was utilized and means were compared by, Duncan’s test and regression and correlation analyses were also made. The results showed that with the application of 1,362 g of chicken manure, a significatively higher effect over the initial production of cocoa, and an increase of the stalk diameter were observed. The applications of 454 and 908, of chicken manure resulted in production levels equal to those of the treatment with mineral fertilizers. In relation to plant height, we did not find statistical differences among treatments. The treatment without fertilizer , showed the smallest growth and lower production.
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Henderson, E. R., and E. H. Blackburn. "An overhanging 3' terminus is a conserved feature of telomeres." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.345-348.1989.
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The reactivity of single-stranded thymidines with osmium tetraoxide was used to demonstrate the existence of a terminal overhang of the G-rich strand of telomeres from two distantly related eucaryotes, the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena spp. and the acellular slime mold Didymium spp. Conservation of a G-strand overhang at the molecular terminus of telomeres is consistent with our suggestion that an unusual DNA structure formed by the G-strand overhang is important for telomere function (E. Henderson, C. C. Hardin, S. K. Wolk, I. Tinoco Jr., and E. H. Blackburn, Cell 51:899-908, 1987).
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Henderson, E. R., and E. H. Blackburn. "An overhanging 3' terminus is a conserved feature of telomeres." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.345.
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The reactivity of single-stranded thymidines with osmium tetraoxide was used to demonstrate the existence of a terminal overhang of the G-rich strand of telomeres from two distantly related eucaryotes, the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena spp. and the acellular slime mold Didymium spp. Conservation of a G-strand overhang at the molecular terminus of telomeres is consistent with our suggestion that an unusual DNA structure formed by the G-strand overhang is important for telomere function (E. Henderson, C. C. Hardin, S. K. Wolk, I. Tinoco Jr., and E. H. Blackburn, Cell 51:899-908, 1987).
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Paunescu, Lucian. "Microwave Heat Treatment to Manufacture Foam Glass Gravel." Journal La Multiapp 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v2i1.302.
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The paper aimed at the experimental manufacture of a foam glass gravel type by sintering at over 900 ºC a powder mixture composed of recycled glass waste (92%), sodium borate (6%), kaolin (0.3%), silicon carbide (1.7%) and water addition (12%). The originality of the work was the application of the unconventional technique of microwave heating through a predominantly direct heating procedure. The product foamed at 908 ºC had a very fine porous structure (pore size between 0.05-0.20 mm) and a compressive strength above the usual level of foam glass gravels (7.8 MPa). The apparent density of 0.28 g/cm3 corresponding to a bulk density of 0.20 g/cm3 and the thermal conductivity of 0.075 W/m·K ensures the thermal insulating character of the material required for use in the specific field of applications of foam glass gravel. The manufacturing process had an excellent energy efficiency, the specific energy consumption decreasing up to 0.70 kWh/kg.
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Anderson, Brooke E., Jon P. Holt, R. D. Boyd, and Eric van Heugten. "143 Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Corn DDGS and Crystalline Amino Acids on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.119.
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Abstract This study evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with DDGS and crystalline amino acids on growth and carcass lean. Pigs (n = 512; 38.51±0.13 kg BW) were blocked by BW and sex and placed in 64 pens (4 gilts and barrows per pen). Treatments were arranged as a 2×4 factorial with DDGS included at 0 or 25% and L-lysine-HCl (LYS) added at 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. Dietary SBM inclusion declined as LYS increased from 32.06 to 13.14% (Phase 1) and 28.25 to 9.40% (Phase 2) for control diets. It declined from 27.85 to 8.89% (Phase 1) and 24.05 to 5.10% (Phase 2) for DDGS diets. Diets contained 1.00 (Phase 1, 21 days) and 0.90% (Phase 2, 18 days) SID lysine and were balanced for ideal protein and net energy. During Phase 1, DDGS decreased ADG (P = 0.06; 786 vs. 821 g/d). Increasing LYS increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.05) ADG and ADFI with the greatest response at 0.4% LYS. G:F decreased (linear, P = 0.035) with increasing LYS. During Phase 2, increasing LYS in control, but not DDGS diets, decreased (linear, P < 0.005) ADG and ADFI. G:F declined (P = 0.054) with DDGS inclusion (370 vs. 383 g/kg). Overall, ADG decreased (linear, P = 0.005) as LYS increased in control (959, 929, 908, 860 g/d), but not DDGS diets (863, 908, 931, 832 g/d). ADFI decreased (linear, P = 0.014) with increasing LYS in control (2270, 2198, 2186, 2130 g/d), but increased (quadratic, P = 0.039) in DDGS diets (2112, 2207, 2324, 2103 g/d). DDGS reduced (P≤0.03) ADG (883 vs. 914 g/d), G:F (405 vs. 417 g/kg) and LEA (34.5 vs. 35.3 cm2), while increasing LYS decreased (linear, P < 0.005) G:F (417, 419, 409, 401 g/kg) and LEA (35.34, 35.17, 35.46, 33.64 cm2). Displacement of SBM with DDGS reduced growth and LYS addition negatively affected growth and G:F for diets with SBM, but not DDGS.
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MEYE, FRANK J., and GREGORY J. DIGIROLAMO. "Handbook of Psychophysiology (3rd edn). By J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary and G. G. Berntson. (Pp. 908; $175.00; ISBN 0521844711 hb.) Cambridge University Press. 2007." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 12 (November 12, 2007): 1818–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001201.
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Wang, Jin Yuang, Marcela F. Pasetti, Fernando R. Noriega, Richard J. Anderson, Steven S. Wasserman, James E. Galen, Marcelo B. Sztein, and Myron M. Levine. "Construction, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization, and Immunogenicity of Attenuated ΔguaBA Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain CVD 915." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 4734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.8.4734-4741.2001.
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ABSTRACT A promising live attenuated typhoid vaccine candidate strain for mucosal immunization was developed by introducing a deletion in theguaBA locus of pathogenic Salmonella entericaserovar Typhi strain Ty2. The resultant ΔguaBA mutant, serovar Typhi CVD 915, has a gene encoding resistance to arsenite replacing the deleted sequence within guaBA, thereby providing a marker to readily identify the vaccine strain. CVD 915 was compared in in vitro and in vivo assays with wild-type strain Ty2, licensed live oral typhoid vaccine strain Ty21a, or attenuated serovar Typhi vaccine strain CVD 908-htrA (harboring mutations inaroC, aroD, and htrA). CVD 915 was less invasive than CVD 908-htrA in tissue culture and was more crippled in its ability to proliferate after invasion. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally with serovar Typhi and hog gastric mucin (to estimate the relative degree of attenuation), the 50% lethal dose of CVD 915 (7.7 × 107 CFU) was significantly higher than that of wild-type Ty2 (1.4 × 102 CFU) and was only slightly lower than that of Ty21a (1.9 × 108CFU). Strong serum O and H antibody responses were recorded in mice inoculated intranasally with CVD 915, which were higher than those elicited by Ty21a and similar to those stimulated by CVD 908-htrA. CVD 915 also elicited potent proliferative responses in splenocytes from immunized mice stimulated with serovar Typhi antigens. Used as a live vector, CVD 915(pTETlpp) elicited high titers of serum immunoglobulin G anti-fragment C. These encouraging preclinical data pave the way for phase 1 clinical trials with CVD 915.
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Wellner, A., Hüttl Ch, and T. Henle. "Influence of Heat Treatment on the Formation of Amadori Compounds in Carrots." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S143—S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/969-cjfs.
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The formation of Amadori products (APs) during heat treatment of carrot juice and dehydration of carrots was studied. APs were measured as the corresponding <I>N</I>-furoylmethyl amino acids (FMAAs) after acid hydrolysis using RP-HPLC. Commercial samples of juices contained up to 108 mg furosine/100 g protein, 18 mg FM-Ala/100g protein, 13 mg FM-Val/100 g protein and 32 mg FM-GABA/100 g protein. The concentrations in dehydrated carrots were extensively higher with up to 1553 mg furosine/100 g protein, 1144 mg FM-Ala/100 g protein, 88 mg FM-Val/100 g protein and 908 mg FM-GABA/100 g protein. Heat treatment of fresh carrot juice caused only a marginal increase of Amadori compounds. Samples contained at most 16 mg furosine/100 g protein and 19 mg FM-GABA, respectively, while FM-Ala and FM-Val were not detectabele at all. In contrast, drying of carrots led to a significant increase of FMAAs. The dehydrated samples contained up to 989 mg furosine/100 g protein, 1201 mg FM-Ala/100 g protein and 969 mg FM-GABA/100 g protein, while FM-Val was not detectable.
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Klett, James E., David Staats, and Matt Rogoyski. "(339) Preemergence Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1024A—1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1024a.
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During the 2004 season, preemergence herbicide was applied to 12 container-grown herbaceous perennials and woody plants and evaluated for weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. The herbicide and rates were: pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G) 908 g (label rate), 1816 g, and 3632 g/acre a.i. Herbicides were applied to lady's mantle (Alchemilla mollis), purple rock cress (Aubretia species), blue wild indigo (Baptisia australis), pink pussytoes (Antennaria dioica var. rosea), common sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), redhot poker (Kniphofia uvaria), showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa), heartleaf foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia), lavender (Lavendula angustifolia), blue flax (Linum perenne), catmint (Nepeta ×faassenii), and hen and chicks (Sempervivum tectorum). At 32 and 117 days after application, plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity. No phytotoxicity symptoms were apparent on any of the plants tested. Weed control was good in most cases with this herbicide but it did not control all weeds. Increasing the rates from 1× (label rate) did not significantly improve weed control.
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Sanchez-Urdaneta, Adriana Beatriz, Raquel Cano-Medrano, and Jorge Rodrl̀guez-Alcazar. "274 Peach Floral Budbreak as Affected by Foliar Nitrogen Sprays and Girdling." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 438D—438. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.438d.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 1% N foliar sprays (0, 2, and 4 sprays at weekly intervals) and girdling (G) on budbreak of three peach advanced selections CP95-1 °C, CP91-8, and CP91-17, and its relationship with both reduced nitrogen (RN) and polyamine contents. Foliar N was applied in July, before flower initiation was detected and girdling was performed 30 days after nitrogen sprays (DAT) The results indicate that 4N+G treatment had the highest content of (RN) with values between 232 and 1000 mg N/g of DW. CP 91-17 and CP95-1 °C selections showed higher RN content than that of CP91-8. Both 2N+G and 4 N+G showed the highest content of putrescine (Put) (908 and 1635 nmol·g-1 FW, respectively). Among peach selections CP91-8 was the one with the highest content of Put. Putrescine content went down as the flower differentiation process evolved. Four N+G treatment promoted budbreak in CP95-1 °C advancing it in 55 days as compared to the control. Budbreak began earlier in the three peach selections treated with 4N+G (11/12/98) followed by 2N+G treatment (7/001/99), and the control (4/02/99). Fruit set was 19%, 12%, and 11% for 4N+G, 2N+G, and control treatments, respectively.
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Vidavsky, Favi, and Henryk Czosnek. "Tomato Breeding Lines Resistant and Tolerant to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Issued from Lycopersicon hirsutum." Phytopathology® 88, no. 9 (September 1998): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.9.910.
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Two tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)-resistant plants from accessions LA1777 and LA386 of the wild tomato species Lycopersicon hirsutum have been crossed. The resulting resistant F1 plants were crossed with the domesticated tomato L. esculentum, and a series of selfing was performed. At each generation, individuals were selected for resistance (no symptoms and undetectable viral DNA) and tolerance (no symptoms but with detectable viral DNA) following controlled massive and repeated inoculations with viruliferous whiteflies. A stable BC1F4 line (denominated 902) that does not segregate for resistance was obtained. This line does not support virus accumulation, even upon extensive whitefly-mediated inoculation of young seedlings, and does not need protection with nets or insecticides. Another stable BC1F4 line (denominated 908) was tolerant to the virus. Both lines have good horticultural characteristics and bear 80- to 120-g red fruits. Analysis of segregation of susceptibility, tolerance, and resistance during the BC1F1 to BC1F4 crosses indicated that tolerance is controlled by a dominant major gene and resistance by two to three additive recessive genes. The resistant and tolerant lines do not need to be protected by insecticides or nets.
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Thapa, RB, and S. Pokhrel. "Impact of Supplement Diets on Flights of Cross Breed Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 26 (April 1, 2005): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.614.
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of supplement diets on flight activities of cross breed honeybee (Apis mellifera Lin.) in Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment consisted of five replications and four feeding treatments: feeding low dose sugar (syrup of 166 g sugar); feeding high dose sugar (syrup of 333 g sugar); feeding modified diet (syrup of 166 g sugar + 30 g pollen substitute); and control (no diet supplement except 250 g sugar honey candy to prevent from starvation). Each hive (replication) consisted of five-framed A. mellifera colony, which were fed for six days with four days breaks in each feeding and altogether eleven feedings were provided. Sugar syrup feeding stimulated bee foragers flights by 908-987% out-going and 578-704% in-coming, respectively. Modified diet (low dose sugar syrup combined with pollen substitute) was suitable for off-season management of honeybee colonies, which supported high rate of flight activities i.e. 3.3 times out-going and 2.8 times in-coming as compared to the control colonies. Other treatments were intermediate types. The combined diet also showed higher flights than feeding low dose sugar syrup alone indicating necessity of feeding appropriate diet during off-season under Chitwan condition for good flight and foraging activities of honeybees.
Key words: Pollen substitutes, sugar syrup/sugar-honey candy, out-going, in-coming, cross breed
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:71-76 (2005)
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Pickett, Thames E., Marcela F. Pasetti, James E. Galen, Marcelo B. Sztein, and Myron M. Levine. "In Vivo Characterization of the Murine Intranasal Model for Assessing the Immunogenicity of Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strains as Live Mucosal Vaccines and as Live Vectors." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.1.205-213.2000.
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ABSTRACT Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vector vaccine strains are highly immunogenic in mice following intranasal but not orogastric inoculation. To elucidate the relationship between organs within which vaccine organisms are found and the induction of specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, we examined the in vivo distribution of serovar Typhi vaccine strain CVD 908-htrA following intranasal administration. Vaccine organisms were cultured from the nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT), lungs, and Peyer's patches 2 min after intranasal inoculation. Vaccine organisms persisted longer in NALT than in other organs. By decreasing the volume of intranasal inoculum containing 109 CFU (from a single 30- or 10-μl dose to four 2.5-μl doses given over the course of 1 h), we were able to significantly reduce the number of vaccine organisms isolated from the lungs (P < 0.05) without reducing the number of vaccine organisms in NALT. Reducing the number of vaccine organisms in the lungs resulted in a significant decrease in the serum tetanus antitoxin response elicited by CVD 908-htrA expressing tetanus toxin fragment C under the control of the redox-responsive nir15 promoter. In contrast, a similar construct expressing tetanus toxin fragment C under control of the constitutive lpp promoter stimulated a strong serum IgG tetanus antitoxin response with both inoculation regimens. The data suggest that following intranasal inoculation, NALT is a sufficient inductive site for elicitation of an immune response against both the live vector and heterologous antigen and, as occurs following oral inoculation of humans, attenuated serovar Typhi vaccine organisms elicit serum IgG responses.
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Chinchilla, Magaly, Marcela F. Pasetti, Sandra Medina-Moreno, Jin Yuan Wang, Oscar G. Gomez-Duarte, Rick Stout, Myron M. Levine, and James E. Galen. "Enhanced Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein (PfCSP) by Using Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Expressing PfCSP and a PfCSP-Encoding DNA Vaccine in a Heterologous Prime-Boost Strategy." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 8 (May 14, 2007): 3769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00356-07.
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ABSTRACTTwoSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi strains that express and export a truncated version ofPlasmodium falciparumcircumsporozoite surface protein (tCSP) fused toSalmonellaserovar TyphicytolysinA(ClyA) were constructed as a first step in the development of a preerythrocytic malaria vaccine. Synthetic codon-optimized genes (t-csp1and t-csp2), containing immunodominant B- and T-cell epitopes present in nativeP. falciparumcircumsporozoite surface protein (PfCSP), were fused in frame to the carboxyl terminus of the ClyA gene (clyA::t-csp) in genetically stabilized expression plasmids. Expression and export of ClyA-tCSP1 and ClyA-tCSP2 bySalmonellaserovar Typhi vaccine strain CVD 908-htrAwere demonstrated by immunoblotting of whole-cell lysates and culture supernatants. The immunogenicity of these constructs was evaluated using a “heterologous prime-boost” approach consisting of mucosal priming withSalmonellaserovar Typhi expressing ClyA-tCSP1 and ClyA-tCSP2, followed by parenteral boosting with PfCSP DNA vaccines pVR2510 and pVR2571. Mice primed intranasally on days 0 and 28 with CVD 908-htrA(pSEC10tcsp2) and boosted intradermally on day 56 with PfCSP DNA vaccine pVR2571 induced high titers of serum NANP immunoglobulin G (IgG) (predominantly IgG2a); no serological responses to DNA vaccination were observed in the absence ofSalmonellaserovar Typhi-PfCSP priming. Mice primed withSalmonellaserovar Typhi expressing tCSP2 and boosted with PfCSP DNA also developed high frequencies of gamma interferon-secreting cells, which surpassed those produced by PfCSP DNA in the absence of priming. A prime-boost regimen consisting of mucosal delivery of PfCSP exported from aSalmonella-based live-vector vaccine followed by a parenteral PfCSP DNA boosting is a promising strategy for the development of a live-vector-based malaria vaccine.
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Edwards, Andell, and Tamika Birmingham. "An investigation of the effect of drying methods on the nutritive value of forage grasses." Net Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/njas.113.23.031.
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Drying methods have been identified as a critical factor in forage evaluation because there are changes in their chemical components that are affected by different drying temperatures. The study evaluated the effect of three drying methods (sun-drying, shade-drying and oven-drying (60°C) on the chemical components of three local grass species (Pennisetum purpureum, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria arrecta) grown under tropical conditions. The objective was to determine how drying methods influence the nutritive value of forage grasses to optimize feeding practices. The harvested grass samples were dried to a constant weight under the three drying methods before being milled and then subjected to chemical analysis. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), and nitrogen free extracts (NFE) were determined. Across drying methods, the DM content was highest (p<0.05) in B. ruziziensis (908 g/kg DM). The OM of the oven dried species was significantly higher in B. ruziziensis (885 g/kg DM) when compared to the species of B. arrecta (867 g/kg DM) and P. purpureum (859 g/kg DM). The CP content was highest (p<0.05) in B. ruziziensis (123 g/kg DM) (shade dried) and lowest (p<0.05) in B. arrecta (87.6 g/kg DM) (sun-dried). Across drying methods, the CF content was highest (p<0.05) in B. arrecta (367 g/kg DM) (oven dried) and lowest (p<0.05) in P. purpureum (264 g/kg DM) (shade dried). Species demonstrated higher levels of OM, CP, and lowest CF levels under shade-drying when compared to other drying methods. It was concluded that drying methods do influence the chemical components of grass species with shade-drying, indicating a greater potential for laboratory analyses and field processing. Keywords: Chemical composition, drying temperatures, fibre, forages, sun-drying, shade-drying.
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Ramires, Roseane Del'Arco, and Roberto Alves de Oliveira. "COD, TSS, nutrients and coliforms removals in UASB reactors in two stages treating swine wastewater." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 6 (December 2014): 1256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000600020.
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The performance of two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors was evaluated in pilot scale (908 and 188 L), installed in series (R1 and R2), fed with swine wastewater with TSS around 5 and 13 g L-1. The UASB reactors were submitted to HDT of 36 and 18 h with VOL of 5.5 to 34.4 g COD (L d)-1 in the R1 and HDT of 7.5 e 3.7 h with VOL from 5.1 to 45.2 g COD (L d)-1 in the R2. The average removal efficiencies of COD ranged from 55 to 85% in the R1 and from 43 to 57% in the R2, resulting in values from 82 to 93% in the UASB reactors in two stage. Methane concentrations in the biogas were 69 to 74% with specific production from 0.05 to 0.27 L CH4 (g removedCOD)-1 in the R1 and of 0.10 to 0.12 L CH4 (g removedCOD)-1 in the R2. The average removal efficiencies were 61 to 75% for totalP, 39 to 69% for KN, 82 to 93% for orgN and 20 to 94% for Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. The amN concentration were not reduced indicating the need to post-treatment for effluent disposal into water bodies. There were reductions of total coliforms from 99.8123 to 99.9989% and of thermotolerant coliforms from 99.9725 to 99.9999%. The conditions imposed to the UASB reactors in two stage provided high conversions of removedCOD into methane (up to 77%) and reductions of organic an inorganic pollution loads from swine wastewater.
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Zhang, Zhenhuan, Hiroko Yamashita, Tatsuya Toyama, Yoko Omoto, Hiroshi Sugiura, Yasuo Hara, Nobuhiro Haruki, Shunzo Kobayashi, and Hirotaka Iwase. "Estrogen receptor α mutation (A-to-G transition at nucleotide 908) is not found in different types of breast lesions from japanese women." Breast Cancer 10, no. 1 (January 2003): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02967628.
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Kern, Connor R., Whitney L. Crossland, Aaron B. Norris, Ryan R. Rathmann, and Jhones O. Sarturi. "83 Effects of cottonseed meal supplementation on growth performance of heifers grazing mature summer forage." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2024): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae019.032.
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Abstract As perennial warm-season grasses mature in late summer, dry matter intake (DMI) of growing heifers may be limited due to low protein (7.2 ± 2.5 %) and increased NDF content (67.5 ± 2.7%), which may compromise growth potential. Cottonseed meal (CSM) supplementation may improve forage digestibility by increasing rumen degradable protein offered, but research regarding the specific effects of CSM supplementation on gain performance and composition of gain in heifers is limited. It was hypothesized that supplementation of CSM to heifers grazing mature forage would have greater growth performance compared with heifers not receiving CSM. Objectives for this experiment were to compare the effects of two CSM supplementation strategies on the growth performance of heifers grazing mature summer forage. In two consecutive summers, commercial Angus cross heifers (n = 63) weighing 266.08 ± 32.74 kg were blocked by BW (light, medium, and heavy) and allocated to 9 paddocks (1.64 ha) of WW-B. Dahl Bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) for 67 to 70 d. This was a RCBD with a factorial arrangement of 3 treatments by 3 BW blocks, with paddock and year as random effects. Heifers received one of three supplementation strategies: no cottonseed meal (CON), 454 g/animal of CSM daily (CSM1), or 908 g/animal of CSM every other day (CSM2). Initial and final shrunk BW were measured; ADG and percent of BW gained were calculated. Ultrasound of initial and final longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat (BF), and intramuscular fat (IMF) were measured; percent gained was calculated, respectively. There were no treatment by block interactions for any measured variable. Heifers receiving CSM1 and CSM2 had greater final BW than heifers receiving CON (317 and 320.8 vs 302.6 kg, respectively; (P = 0.01). Likewise, percent of BW gained was greater (P = 0.02) for CSM1 and CSM2 supplemented heifers compared with CON heifers (19.4 and 20.2 vs 14.6%, respectively). The ADG of CSM1 and CSM2 supplemented heifers was greater (P = 0.01) than CON (0.74 and 0.78 vs 0.54 kg/d, respectively). Treatment did not affect the percent of BF (P = 0.24) or IMF gained (P = 0.39). Heifers receiving CSM1 and CSM2 tended to gain proportionally more LMA than heifers receiving CON (13.58 and 13.77 % vs 7.24%, respectively; P = 0.07). As anticipated, BW block affected final BW (P < 0.001) and percent BW gained (P = 0.02), as well as percent LMA gained (P = 0.02). In conclusion, CSM supplementation significantly affected growth performance of heifers grazing late summer WW-B. Dahl Bluestem forage versus no supplementation. In addition, there was no difference in growth performance between heifers receiving 454 g/d of CSM supplementation or 908 g/animal every other day, indicating flexibility for feeding strategy.
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Tjahjana, Bambang Eka, and Yulius Ferry. "Pengujian Klon Batang Atas dan Dosis Pupuk NPK Pada Sambung Samping Kakao Rakyat." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2016.p109-116.
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<p><em>The productivity of cacao in Indonesia is still low, as most of cacao plants in farmers’ plantation have grown old. Rejuvenation of old cacao plants needs a lot of cost and time, therefore, it requires a cheaper and faster alternative. One of the alternatives is rehabilitation through </em><em>side </em><em>graft</em><em>ing</em><em> using scion from </em><em>superior </em><em>clones. The study was aimed to know the effect of ten cacao clones as scion and dosage of NPK fertilizer for side grafting of cacao plants.</em><em> </em><em>The research was conducted in cacao plantation, Way</em><em> Kanan</em><em> district, North Lampung, from 2012 to 2013</em>. <em>The </em><em>split plot design with three replications was used in this study;</em><em> with the main plot </em><em>factor </em><em>was</em><em> the 10 cacao superior clones as</em><em> scion i.e. K<sub>1</sub> = PA150, K<sub>2</sub> = Sca12, K<sub>3</sub> = TSH 908, K<sub>4</sub> = ICS60, K<sub>5</sub> = TSH 858, K<sub>6</sub> = IMC67, K<sub>7</sub> = Sulawesi 02, K<sub>8</sub> = Jumbo, K<sub>9</sub> = Sulawesi 01, </em><em>and</em><em> K<sub>10</sub> = ICCRI 04</em><em>. The </em><em>subplot </em><em>factor </em><em>was</em><em> the</em><em> NPK fertilizer</em><em> dosage</em><em>, i.e. P<sub>0</sub> = without fertilizer, P<sub>1</sub> = 300 g NPK, P<sub>2</sub> = 600 g NPK, and P3 = 300 g NPK + 100 g mycorrhiza. </em><em>E</em><em>ach </em><em>of the expeimental unit</em><em> consisted of 6 plants.</em><em> </em><em>The variables observed were the success level of side grafting, growth of shoot</em><em> </em><em>length and diameter</em><em> of shoot</em><em> stem.</em> <em>The results showed that the best success level and growth of shoot length of side grafting for cacao plantation in Way Kanan district, North Lampung was using scion obtained from TSH 908 and TSH 858 clones. Meanwhile, the optimal dosage of NPK fertilizer was 600 g/plant/year and 300 g/plant/year + 100 g mycorrhizal/plant.</em></p>
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Suster, D., B. J. Leury, R. H. King, M. Mottram, and F. R. Dunshea. "Interrelationships between porcine somatotropin (pST), betaine, and energy level on body composition and tissue distribution of finisher boars." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 9 (2004): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04029.
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Fifty-six individually penned boars (initial weight 64 kg) were used to investigate the interactions between dietary betaine, dietary energy, and porcine somatotropin (pST) treatment. The study was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with the respective factors being dietary betaine (0 or 1.5 g/kg) and energy level (80% or 100% ad libitum) and treatment with pST (0 or 5 mg/day). A Hologic QDR4500A Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DXA) was used to determine body composition of pigs at the beginning and end of the study at Day 35. After slaughter, the composition of the whole half-carcass as well as the shoulder, ham, belly, and loin primal cuts was determined with DXA and verified with manual dissection. The main effects of dietary betaine were most pronounced when dietary energy was restricted. Under these conditions, daily gain was increased by dietary betaine (1188 v. 1271 g/day, P = 0.049) and pST (1115 v. 1344 g/day, P < 0.001). When dietary energy was restricted, lean tissue deposition was increased by dietary betaine (830 v. 908 g/day, P = 0.032) and pST (764 v. 974 g/day, P < 0.001), and these effects were additive. As a result, the lean meat yield in the half-carcass was increased by both dietary betaine (23.9 v. 25.1 kg, P = 0.043) and pST (23.3 v. 25.7 kg, P < 0.001). Lean tissue responses in primal cuts were more variable but followed a similar pattern. There was little effect of either dietary betaine or pST on fat deposition. These data demonstrate that when energy intake is limiting the potential for growth (as is normally the case for the improved boar), then both dietary betaine and pST treatment, either alone or in combination, can increase lean tissue deposition without increasing fat deposition.
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Cavarzere, Paolo, Marta Camilot, Florina Ion Popa, Silvana Lauriola, Francesca Teofoli, Rossella Gaudino, Monica Vincenzi, and Franco Antoniazzi. "Congenital hypothyroidism with delayed TSH elevation in low-birth-weight infants: incidence, diagnosis and management." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 5 (November 2016): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-1233.
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Objective To evaluate the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with delayed TSH elevation among low-birth-weight (LBW) newborns in North-Eastern Italy and to verify if they need a second or third screening. Design Analysis of clinical and biochemical data of newborns affected by CH with delayed TSH elevation identified by neonatal screening. Methods Data of all newborns with birth weight (BW) <2500 g and evidence of delayed TSH elevation at newborn screening were collected between 2011 and 2014. Confirmatory tests were based on serum TSH and FT4 levels. All their clinical signs at diagnosis were reported. Results 57.5% of LBW newborns with delayed TSH increase at neonatal screening presented a CH with delayed TSH elevation and began a treatment with l-thyroxine. The incidence of this condition in North-Eastern Italy is therefore 1:908. The remaining infants presented a subclinical hypothyroidism (21.25%) or a complete normal serum thyroid function (21.25%). These data could be drawn only from a retesting strategy of neonatal screening. Conclusions Our report describes the incidence of CH with delayed TSH rise in North-Eastern Italy and differentiates this clinical condition from other thyroid dysfunctions of preterm or LBW newborns. The second-screening strategy for CH in neonates with BW < 2500 g proved useful in detecting newborns who otherwise would not be identified at the first screening.
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Mahran, A., S. Turner, T. Martin, Q. Yu, S. Miller, and F. Sun. "The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Pathotype Ro1 in the Saint-Amable Regulated Area in Quebec, Canada." Plant Disease 94, no. 12 (December 2010): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-10-0584.
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The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) and is recognized as a quarantine pest internationally (2). This pest attacks potato plants and causes stunting of the haulm and the root system, leaf yellowing, and tuber yield losses (2). The pathotype scheme proposed by Kort et al. distinguishes five pathotypes (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) of G. rostochiensis using differential Solanum clones (1). Several resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been identified in wild Solanum species confer resistance to different G. rostochiensis pathotypes and have been introgressed into commercial potato cultivars (2). Determining G. rostochiensis pathotype(s) is essential to implement efficient management strategies, which include using resistant potato varieties. G. rostochiensis was discovered in the municipality of Saint-Amable, Quebec (QC), Canada in 2006 (3) and was subsequently characterized (4). In this study, cysts were collected from 11 representative infested fields and confirmed to be G. rostochiensis (3). The pathotypes of these nematodes were assessed on seven differential clones (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum cv. Desiree, S. tuberosum × S. andigena cv. Maris Piper, S. kurtzianum hybrid 60.21.19, S. vernei hybrid 62.33.3, S. vernei hybrid 58.1642/4, S. vernei hybrid 65.346/19, and S. multidissectum hybrid P55/7) in 2007 and 2009. Briefly, in each 1-liter plastic pot containing 907 g (2 lbs) of soil (3:1 loam/grit v v-1), a single differential Solanum clone was planted and 15 cysts from 1 of 11 fields were inoculated. Five replicates were set up for each Solanum-nematode combination and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at 22°C with a 16-h light period per day. Nine weeks after inoculation, cysts were extracted from each pot and counted. Reproduction factor (Rf) for each replicate was calculated (Rf = Pf/Pi; Pf is the final cyst number and Pi is the initial cyst number added to each pot). Rf values were used to categorize the differential clones into two groups, “susceptible” leading to increase in nematode numbers (Rf > 1) and “resistant” resulting in decrease in nematode numbers (Rf ≤ 1) (1). Our results in 2007 and 2009 were consistent and the pathotype of the nematodes collected from all the fields were identified as Ro1. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the pathotype of G. rostochiensis in the Saint-Amable regulated area was identified. Accordingly, potato cultivars carrying genes or QTL resistant to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 can be used to reduce the nematode numbers in infested fields in the Saint-Amable area, QC. References: (1) J. Kort et al. Nematologica 23:333, 1977. (2) R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution, and Control. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) F. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 91:908, 2007. (4) Q. Yu et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:264, 2010.
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Sim, N. W., Faizal Mustapha, Renuganth Varatharajoo, Rizal Zahari, and D. L. Majid. "Parametric Study on Cohesive Element for Composite Fuselage Model." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.1085.
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In this paper, a numerical simulation on a new fabrication miniature composite fuselage structure- a woven composite laminated with an adhesively bonded butt joint under the axial compression loading is presented. A FEA via Abaqus/Explicit was utilized to capture the complete compressive responses to predict the crushing behaviour and its mechanical strength from the initial compression loading till its final failure mode. A woven C-glass fiber/epoxy 200 g/m2 composite laminated [908] with the orthotropic elastic material properties is modeled as a continuum composite layup in the proposed numerical model. The adhesively bonded joint progression was modeled using the cohesive element technique. The proposed model was used to observe the crushing load and collapse modes under the axial compression impact. The finite element results showed a good agreement with the experimental results under the actual quasi-static tests. The validation code was extended to further undergo parametric studies in order to visualise the effect of angle orientations and special laminate cases as to attain the optimum design criteria for the proposed composite structure.
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Nomura, Norimichi, Yoshihiko Sako, and Aritsune Uchida. "Molecular Characterization and Postsplicing Fate of Three Introns within the Single rRNA Operon of the Hyperthermophilic ArchaeonAeropyrum pernix K1." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 14 (July 15, 1998): 3635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.14.3635-3643.1998.
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ABSTRACT The single rRNA operon (arnS-arnL) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 was sequenced. The DNA sequence data and detailed RNA analyses disclosed an unusual feature: the presence of three introns at hitherto undescribed insertion positions within the rRNA genes. The 699-nucleotide (nt) intron Iα was located at position 908 (Escherichia coli numbering [H. F. Noller, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:119–162, 1984]) of the 16S rRNA, while the 202-nt intron Iβ and 575-nt intron Iγ were located at positions 1085 and 1927 (E. coli numbering), respectively, of the 23S rRNA. They were located within highly conserved sites which have been implicated as crucial for rRNA function in E. coli. All three introns were remarkably AT rich (41.5 to 43.1 mol% G+C) compared with the mature rRNAs (67.7 and 69.2 mol% G+C for 16S and 23S rRNAs, respectively). No obvious primary sequence similarities were detected among them. After splicing from rRNA transcripts in vivo, a large quantity of intronic RNAs were stably retained in the linear monomeric form, whereas a trace of topoisomeric RNA molecules also appeared, as characterized by their behavior in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Secondary structural models of the Iα-, Iβ-, and Iγ-containing rRNA precursors agree with the bulge-helix-bulge motif. Two of the introns, Iα and Iγ, contained open reading frames whose protein translation exhibited no overall similarity with proteins reported so far. However, both share a LAGLI-DADG motif characteristic of homing endonucleases.
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Cunningham, K. M., and N. W. Read. "The effect of incorporating fat into different components of a meal on gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses." British Journal of Nutrition 61, no. 2 (March 1989): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890116.
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1. Three studies were carried out in each of six normal volunteers to investigate how lipid, when given at different stages during the course of a meal, affects gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations.2. The control meal consisted of 300 ml beef consommé (50 kJ, 12 kcal), followed 20 min later by 300 g mashed potato (908 kJ, 217 kcal). In the two test meals, 60 g margarine were incorporated into either the soup or the mashed potato.3. The addition of margarine to either component of the meal delayed gastric emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05), but the pattern varied according to the component to which the fat was added.4. Incorporation of fat into the soup increased the lag phase (P< 0.05) but did not influence the slope of emptying of the mashed potato, while incorporation of fat into the mashed potato reduced the slope of emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05) but did not influence the lag phase.5. Addition of fat to either component of the meal reduced postprandial blood glucose (P< 0.05) and insulin responses, but when the fat was incorporated in the soup, peak glucose and insulin responses were delayed as well (P< 0.05).6. The results show that the effect of fat on gastric emptying and absorption of nutrients depends on when, in relation to the other components of the meal, the fat is consumed.
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BELL, J. M., M. O. KEITH, and C. S. DARROCH. "LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF GROWER AND FINISHER PIG DIETS BASED ON HIGH PROTEIN BARLEY, WHEAT AND SOYBEAN MEAL OR CANOLA MEAL, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THYROID AND ZINC STATUS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-103.
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A factorial experiment with four dietary levels of supplemental lysine (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25%), three protein supplements (soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), CM + 50 mg iodinated casein per kg diet), and two sexes of pigs (barrows, gilts) was conducted. Crossbred Lacombe × (Yorkshire × Landrace), specific pathogen-free pigs were randomly allotted at 23 ± 1 kg weight in four replicates to pens of four pigs, individually fed. The pigs were slaughtered at 100 ± 2 kg. The diets were based on barley and wheat (2:1) and were pelleted (4.8 mm diam.). Average daily gain (ADG) responses during the growing period (23–57 kg) to increments of lysine were not significant (P > 0.05) but when ADG was adjusted by regression for variation in feed consumption there was a significant (P < 0.05) linear response (743, 748, 757, 772 g d−1). Feed:gain ratio also showed improvement (P < 0.05): 2.45, 2.44, 2.40, 2.35. Responses to lysine were similar for SBM and CM diets but pigs fed SBM had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed CM (779 vs. 745 g). There was no response to added lysine in the 57–100 kg weight range but pigs fed SBM had greater adjusted ADG than those fed CM (908 vs. 873 g) and better feed:gain ratio (3.33 vs. 3.46). Thyroid status was not affected but iodinated casein improved grower period feed:gain ratio. Carcass quality index was not affected (P > 0.05) by lysine level, protein source, iodinated casein or sex of pig. Pigs fed CM had lower serum zinc than those fed SBM. It was estimated that the addition of 0.25% lysine to diets containing 0.8% lysine resulted in 7% improvement in ADG and efficiency of feed utilization. Key words: Lysine, canola meal, zinc, thyroid, pigs
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Kembaren, Duranta Diandria, Adi Surahman, and Tegoeh Noegroho. "PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PAPUAN SEERFISH (Scomberomorus multiradiatus MUNRO, 1964) IN MERAUKE WATERS, PAPUA, INDONESIA." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 25, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.25.1.2019.27-35.
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Papuan seerfish (Scomberomorus multiradiatus; local: tenggiri papua) is an endemic species to the Papuan waters and distributed from the waters of Papua New Guinea to Merauke in Indonesia. The biological information of this species is little known. This study aimed to determine the biological aspects of Papuan seerfish to fill the research gap of this species. The data collection were conducted from February to November 2016. Biological parameters observation of the fish sample included of fork length (FL), sex, and maturity stages. All the data were analyzed using standard methods. The maximum length and weight of Papuan seerfish from Merauke waters were 49 cm and 908 g and this size became the largest published size ever. The sex ratio was in an equal condition and the growth pattern was isometric. Spawning occurs all year arounds and reach its peak on August. The relative condition factor of Papuan seerfish tend to be low in the reproductive periods. Papuan seerfish from Merauke waters were caught before reaching their size at maturity (Lc < Lm). For the sustainability of this resources and precautionary approach of fisheries management, it is suggested to apply the minimum catch size in 33 cm.
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Shingfield, K. J., and N. W. Offer. "Evaluation of milk allantoin excretion as an index of microbial protein supply in lactating dairy cows." Animal Science 67, no. 3 (December 1998): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980003277x.
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AbstractThe potential of milk allantoin as an index ofmicrobial protein supply was evaluated in two experiments conducted with 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that examined the effects of altering the supply of metabolizable energy (ME) and fermentable metabolizable energy (FME). In the first experiment, late lactation cows received a 14·3 kg dry matter (DM) per day basal diet consisting of (g/kg DM) chopped barley straw (415), soya-bean meal (322), molassed sugar-beet pulp (197), molasses (33), urea (17) and a vitamin and mineral supplement (17) for a 21-day co-variance period. During four 16-day periods, six treatments were allocated randomly to cows, consisting of potato starch (1, 2 or 3 kg DM per day) or fat supplements (0·64, 1·27 or 1·91 kg DM per day). In the second experiment, early lactation cows received 40 kg/day (fresh weight, (FW)) of silage (307 g/kg toluene-corrected dry matter, 149 g/kg DM crude protein and 11·6 MJ/kg ME). During three 21-day periods, four treatments were evaluated consisting of supplements of either 4·1 (LI) or 8·1 (12) kg fresh weight per day of a low fat concentrate (acid hydrolysis ether extract (AHEE) 45 g/kg DM) or 3·8 (HI) or 7·5 (H2) kg fresh weight per day of a high fat concentrate (AHEE 110 g/kg DM). Both experiments showed individual cow milk allantoin concentration or excretion to be poorly correlated with urinary purine derivative excretion or calculated microbial protein supply. Use of treatment mean (TM) values dramatically improved these relationships. For pooled TM (no. = 10) values from both experiments, close relationships existed between milk allantoin excretion and concentration with milk yield (r values 0·991 and 0·883, respectively). Auto-correlation with milk yield appeared to account for milk allantoin excretion and concentration being highly correlated with urinary purine derivative excretion (r values 0·908 and 0·934, respectively) and calculated microbial protein supply (r values 0·938 and 0·945, respectively). Current experimental data indicates that measurement of milk allantoin is not a reliable indicator of microbial protein supply for individual cows.
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Supriyo, Haryono, and Daryono Prehaten. "Kandungan Unsur Hara Daun Pinus Merkusi Jungh. et de Vriese dan Sifat-sifat Tanah di Tegakan dengan Produksi Getah yang Bervariasi." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 7, no. 2 (July 8, 2013): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.7514.
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Secara ekonomi, peranan tegakan Pinus dari tahun ke tahun meningkat dari nilai getahnya dan telah menjadi produk unggulan di Perum PERHUTANI. Di beberapa KPH produksi getah antara petak satu dengan petak lainnya mempunyai variasi yang cukup besar, padahal berasal dari bibit yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari sifat tanah dan iklimnya yang berakibat pada kandungan hara daun yang diduga sebagai penyebab perbedaan produksi getah. Penelitian dilakukan di Ngablak dengan produksi getah rendah (<4 g/pohon/3 hari), sehingga sudah tidak disadap lagi dan RPH Grabag dengan produksi getah lebih tinggi (<4 g/pohon/3 hari), sehingga sudah tidak disadap lagi dan RPH Grabag dengan produksi getah lebih tinggi (>>15 g/pohon/3 hari), kedua RPH terletak di KPH Kedu Utara. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat profil tanah pada masing-masing petak dengan 3 ulangan. Sampel daun segar diambil dengan memanjat pohon dengan memotong rantingnya, daun dan dianalisis unsur hara makro dan mikro. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada pinus di Ngablak terletak pada elevasi rata-rata 1.213 m dpl dan di Grabag pada elevasi 908 m dpl. Ketebalan solum di Ngablak hanya 60 cm, warna tanahnya lebih cerah (yellowish red) dan di dalam profil tanah terdapat banyak batu-batu yang keras, sedangkan di Grabag mempunyai solum > 90 cm, warna tanah lebih kelam (dark brown) dan tidak ada bahan kasar di dalamnya. Biomassa sersah, tinggi dan diameter di Ngablak hanya 1.317 ton/ha, 19,3 m dan 20,8 cm, sedangkan di Grabag 6.857 ton/ ha, 31,6 m dan 20,8 cm. Kandungan Mg dan Mn di Ngablak 0,14 ppm dan 86 ppm, sedangkan di Grabag 0,27 ppm dan 283 ppm. Kandungan unsur hara C, N, P, K, Ca, Na, Fe, Cu dan Zn relatif tidak begitu berbeda.Katakunci: Pinus merkusii, produksi getah, unsur hara, elevasi, sifat tanah Nutrient Content of Pinus merkusi Jungh. et de Vriese Leaf and Its Soil Properties under Varied Resin Production Levels of StandsAbstractEconomically, the role of pine stands increased because of the value of the resin. The resin has been a flagship product of Perum PERHUTANI. In some areas, resin production varied among compartments. The variation is quite large even the trees were from the same seed origins. This study aimed to study the soil properties and climate, which results in variation of leaf nutrient content. Those were predicted as the cause of differences in the production of resin. The study was conducted in both RPH Ngablak (lower resin production, (<4 g/tree/3 d) and RPH Grabag (higher resin production, (>15 g/tree/3 d), which are located in KPH Kedu Utara. Soil samples were taken in each compartment with three replications. Fresh leaf samples were collected and analyzed for the macro and micro nutrients. The results showed that the pine in Ngablak lies at an elevation of about 1,213 m, while in Grabag it lies on 908 m above sea level. The thickness of the soil’s solum in Ngablak was only 60 cm. The soil was brighter in colors (yellowish red) and many hard stones were found in soil’s profile. Whereas in Grabag the solum was > 90 cm, dark in color (dark brown) and no coarse material in the soil’s profile. Litter biomass, trees height and diameter in Ngablak were only 1,317 tons/ha, 19.3 m and 20.8 cm, respectively. While in Grabag, the litter biomass, trees height and diameter were accounted for 6,857 tons/ha, 31.6 m and 20.8 cm, respectively. The leaf content of Mg and Mn in Ngablak were 0.14 ppm and 86 ppm, respectively, while in Grabag were accounted for 0.27 ppm and 283 ppm, respectively. Nutrient content of C, N, P, K, Ca, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn in both areas were no significant different.
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Urbinati, Estevão, and Roberto Alves de Oliveira. "Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of swine wastewater in uasb and batch reactors in series." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 1 (February 2014): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000100014.
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In this work it was evaluated the performance of two systems of swine wastewater treatment consisting of two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, with and without post-treatment in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), fed continuously, with aerobic phase. The UASB reactors in the first stage had 908 L in the sets I and II, and in the second stage 350 and 188 L, respectively. In the set II the post-treatment was performed in a SBR of 3,000 L. The hydraulic detention times in the anaerobic treatment systems were 100, 75 and 58 h in the set I; 87, 65 and 51 h in the set II; and 240 and 180 h in the SBR. The volumetric organic load applied in the first stage UASB reactors ranged from 6.9 to 12.6 g total COD (L d)-1 in the set I and 7.5 to 9.8 g total COD (L d)-1 in the set II. The average removal efficiencies of total COD, total phosphorus (Ptotal), and Kjeldahl and organic nitrogen (KN and Norg) in the anaerobic treatment systems were similar and reached maximum values of 97%, 64%, 68%, and 98%. In the SBR, the removal efficiencies of total COD and thermotolerant coliforms were up to 62 and 92% resulting, respectively, in effluent concentrations of 135 mg L-1 and 2x10(4)MPN (100 mL)-1. For Ptotal, total nitrogen (TN) and Norg, the average removal efficiencies in the SBR were up to 58, 25 and 73%, respectively.
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Parret, Annabel H. A., Koen Temmerman, and René De Mot. "Novel Lectin-Like Bacteriocins of Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 9 (September 2005): 5197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.5197-5207.2005.
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ABSTRACT Bacteriocin LlpA, produced by Pseudomonas sp. strain BW11M1, is a peculiar antibacterial protein due to its homology to mannose-binding lectins mostly found in monocots (A. H. A. Parret, G. Schoofs, P. Proost, and R. De Mot, J. Bacteriol. 185:897-908, 2003). Biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 contains two llpA-like genes, named llpA1 Pf-5 and llpA2 Pf-5. Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing llpA1 Pf-5 or llpA2 Pf-5 acquired bacteriocin activity and secreted a 31-kDa protein cross-reacting with LlpABW11M1 antibodies. Antibacterial activity of the recombinant proteins was evidenced by gel overlay assays. Analysis of the antimicrobial spectrum indicated that LlpA1Pf-5 and LlpA2Pf-5 are able to inhibit P. fluorescens strains, as well as the related mushroom pathogen Pseudomonas tolaasii. LlpA-type bacteriocins are characterized by a domain structure consisting of tandem monocot mannose-binding lectin (MMBL) domains. Molecular phylogeny of these MMBL domains suggests that the individual MMBL domains within an LlpA protein have evolved separately toward a specific, as yet unknown, function or, alternatively, were acquired from different ancestral sources. Our observations are consistent with earlier observations, which hinted that MMBL-like bacteriocins represent a new family of antibacterial proteins, probably with a novel mode of action.
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Malavolti, Marcella, Androniki Naska, Susan J. Fairweather-Tait, Carlotta Malagoli, Luciano Vescovi, Cristina Marchesi, Marco Vinceti, and Tommaso Filippini. "Sodium and Potassium Content of Foods Consumed in an Italian Population and the Impact of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet on Their Intake." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082681.
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High sodium and low potassium intakes are associated with increased levels of blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Assessment of habitual dietary habits are helpful to evaluate their intake and adherence to healthy dietary recommendations. In this study, we determined sodium and potassium food-specific content and intake in a Northern Italy community, focusing on the role and contribution of adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns. We collected a total of 908 food samples and measured sodium and potassium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed habitual dietary intake of 719 adult individuals of the Emilia-Romagna region. We then estimated sodium and potassium daily intake for each food based on their relative contribution to the overall diet, and their link to Mediterranean diet patterns. The estimated mean sodium intake was 2.15 g/day, while potassium mean intake was 3.37 g/day. The foods contributing most to sodium intake were cereals (33.2%), meat products (24.5%, especially processed meat), and dairy products (13.6%), and for potassium they were meat (17.1%, especially red and white meat), fresh fruits (15.7%), and vegetables (15.1%). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet had little influence on sodium intake, whereas potassium intake was greatly increased in subjects with higher scores, resulting in a lower sodium/potassium ratio. Although we may have underestimated dietary sodium intake by not including discretionary salt use and there may be some degree of exposure misclassification as a result of changes in food sodium content and dietary habits over time, our study provides an overview of the contribution of a wide range of foods to the sodium and potassium intake in a Northern Italy community and of the impact of a Mediterranean diet on intake. The mean sodium intake was above the dietary recommendations for adults of 1.5–2 g/day, whilst potassium intake was only slightly lower than the recommended 3.5 g/day. Our findings suggest that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns has limited effect on restricting sodium intake, but may facilitate a higher potassium intake, thereby aiding the achievement of healthy dietary recommendations.
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Wellman, Catherine L., Madaline Rabalais, Cory Klemashevich, Anil C. Somenahally, Charles R. Long, Ron D. Randel, and Thomas H. Welsh. "PSII-25 Detection of neurotransmitter-related molecules by untargeted metabolomic analysis of rumen fluid from monensin-treated temperate and tropically adapted beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.662.
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Abstract The effect of an ionophore on the ruminal metabolome of temperate and tropically-adapted cattle was evaluated. For 21 d, five Angus, 5 Brahman, and 5 BrahmanXAngus F1 steers (264 kg BW) with 5 steers per pen within breedtype, were fed Tifton bermudagrass hay ad libitum, at the conclusion of which rumen fluid (100-to-250 mL) was collected and stored at -80°C (PRE). During a subsequent 21-d period, all steers were fed Tifton hay ad libitum plus a supplement (908 g corn, 217 g soybean meal, 60 g dried molasses) with monensin (220 mg·steer−1·d−1) individually, at the conclusion of which rumen fluid (100-to-250 mL) was collected and stored at -80°C (POST). Rumen fluid samples were processed for an untargeted analysis by LC/MS on Compound Discoverer v.3.1. Approximately 2,043 compounds were detected with 825 being annotated by ChemSpider and other databases, of which several were associated with four neurotransmitters; acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. After monensin, several ACh-related molecules increased (P < 0.003) in Angus (POST:PRE ratio=7.906) but ACh decreased (P < 0.043) in the F1 (ratio= 0.391) steers. Dopamine and dopamine-related molecules decreased (P < 0.01) in Angus (ratio= 0.149) and F1 steers (ratio= 0.206) after monensin. No changes for rumen presence of ACh or dopamine occurred in Brahman steers after monensin. Multiple molecules related to GABA increased in Angus (P < 0.03) and Brahman (P < 0.02) steers. Serotonin-related molecules such as the metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA; ratio= 4.389) increased (P < 0.005) only in Brahman steers. The addition of monensin to the diet differentially altered the presence of neurotransmitter-related molecules in the rumen fluid of temperate and tropically adapted beef cattle. Further research regarding physiological roles of ruminal neurotransmitters and modulation by ionophores that affect ruminal microbiota is warranted. Support: USDA FAH
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Rabalais, Madeline M., Anil C. Somenahally, Catherine L. Wellman, Charles R. Long, and Ronald D. Randel. "PSXI-10 Influence of monensin in the diet of temperate and tropically adapted cattle on the ruminal and fecal metabolome and microbiome." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.753.
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Abstract The effect of monensin on the ruminal and fecal metabolome and microbiome of temperate and tropically-adapted cattle (264±6 kg BW) consuming Tifton bermudagrass hay plus a supplement was evaluated. During Period 1, 10 Angus, 10 Brahman, and 10 BrahmanXAngus steers were fed Tifton bermudagrass hay ad libitum for a 21-d period with 5 steers per pen within breedtype at the conclusion of which rumen fluid (100-to-250 mL) and fecal samples were collected and stored at -80C. During Period 2 all steers were fed Tifton bermudagrass hay ad libitum plus 1.185 kg of supplement (908 g corn, 217 g soybean meal, 60 g dried molasses) with or without monensin (220 mg·steer−1·d−1) individually for 21 d. Rumen fluid and fecal samples were stored at -80C until DNA was extracted and total prokaryotes, methanogens and fungi determined by qPCR. Rumen and fecal samples were extracted to quantify short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and monensin content by GC and LCMS, respectively. After 21 d of consumption of bermudagrass hay, neither rumen nor fecal prokaryotic copy number, fungal copy number, nor methanogen copy number differed among breedtypes. The rumen, but not fecal, fungi:bacterial ratio was least for Angus (0.77) and similar between Brahman (1.31) and BrahmanXAngus (1.21) steers (P < 0.0032). Ruminal SCFA concentrations were similar among breeds as was the acetate:propionate ratio (Angus: 3.52; Brahman: 3.64; BrahmanXAngus: 3.43). Monensin was not detected in control rumen fluid but averaged 363±24 ng/mL for monensin steers. Monensin reduced the acetate:propionate ratio (P < 0.001) by 18, 25.1, and 18.4% for the Angus, Brahman, and BrahmanXAngus steers, respectively. Rumen prokaryotic copy number (P < 0.10), methanogen copy number (P < 0.035), and methanogen:prokaryote ratio (P < 0.001) were reduced within each breedtype by monensin. Addition of monensin reduced methanogen copy number and improved utilization of the diet in temperate and tropically-adapted beef cattle.
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Raza, Hassan, Junye Cheng, Guohua Chen, and Zheng Guangping. "Low-Temperature Calcination of Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs) to Derive the High Entropy Stabilized Oxide for High Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 6 (July 7, 2022): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0162432mtgabs.
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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery owing to high energy density and theoretical capacity is anticipated as a high-performance rechargeable power source for flexible electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, the rapid capacity fade, low Coulombic efficiency, and significant self-discharge capacity loss due to the polysulfides shuttling are the major constraints of its real-world applications. To conquer these challenges, despite the physical encapsulation of polysulfides, chemical interactions between shuttle effect-suppressive sulfur host materials and soluble lithium polysulfides have recently been emphasized. Herein, a novel approach to synthesize the high entropic stabilized oxide (HEO) at low temperature is developed from the self-sacrificing template of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to chemically anchor the lithium polysulfides. As-synthesized HEO850 at 850 ºC (transition temperature) exhibited a single-phase rocksalt crystalline structure with homogenous dispersion of Ni, Mg, Cu, Co, and Zn and reversible entropic phase stabilization in the certain temperature range (750-850 ºC). When employed as a chemical anchor to lithium polysulfides (LIPSs) and compared the electrochemical performance of Li-S cells with medium configurational entropic oxide (MEOs) (HEOs-one metal cation), low entropy oxide (LEOs) (HEOs-three metal cations), and routine sulfur ketjen black (S/KB) cells, it revealed a competitive reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability and a low capacity decay rate by immobilizing the LIPSs and facilitating the redox reaction in the cathode. The cells with HEO850/KB/S cathode delivered a higher initial specific discharge capacity of 1244.1 mAh g-1 than those of MEO850/S/KB (979.625 mAh g-1), LEO850/S/KB (908 mAh g-1), and S/KB (966 mAh g-1). After 800 cycles of continuous charging and discharging at 0.5 C, the capacity of 784.1 mAh g-1 with outstanding Coulombic efficiency of 99.66 % is still retained demonstrating excellent cycling stability with a negligible capacity fade rate of 0.04% per cycle. This outstanding performance could be attributed to the synergistic contribution and exposure of numerous active sites of randomly dispersed elements in the HEO850. This study not only highlights the extraordinary electrochemical performance of Li-S battery with efficient immobilization of LIPSs but also provide a novel strategy for the synthesis of HEOs at lower calcination temperature for various energy conversion and storage applications. After getting confidence with these prilimary results, Ti-based HEOs owing to both high ionic and electric conductivities will be investigated at coin and pouch cell level as future research direction.
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Galeone, Carlotta, Claudio Pelucchi, Luigino Dal Maso, Eva Negri, Maurizio Montella, Antonella Zucchetto, Renato Talamini, and Carlo La Vecchia. "Allium vegetables intake and endometrial cancer risk." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003820.
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AbstractObjectiveThe potential role of allium vegetables on endometrial cancer risk has been scarcely investigated and the results of previous Chinese studies are not easily applicable to Western populations. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between onion and garlic intake and endometrial cancer, using data from an Italian case–control study.SettingWe analysed data from a multi-centre case–control study of 454 endometrial cancer cases and 908 controls, admitted to the same hospitals for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. Information was collected by trained interviewers using a validated and reproducible FFQ. Multivariate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were obtained after allowance for recognized confounding factors.ResultsCompared with non-users, the OR of endometrial cancer for successive categories of onion intake were 0·94 (95 % CI 0·72, 1·21) for <2 portions/week and 0·40 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·72) for ≥2 portions/week, with a significant inverse trend in risk (P = 0·01). The OR for an increment of one portion (i.e. 80 g) of onions per week was 0·81 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·95). For garlic, the OR for successive categories of intake were 0·89 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·15) for intermediate use and 0·62 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·92) for high use, with a significant inverse trend in risk (P = 0·02).ConclusionsOur study found a moderate protective role of allium vegetables on the risk of endometrial cancer.
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Budanov, Alexander V., Yury N. Vlasov, Gennady I. Kotov, Evgeniy V. Rudnev, and Pavel I. Podprugin. "Формирование тонких пленок соединений Cu2SnS3 и Cu2SnSe3." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/713.
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Показана возможность синтеза соединений Cu2SnS3 и Cu2SnSe3 на стеклянных подложках путём отжига в парах халькогена тонкой металлической плёнки сплава Cu:Sn = 2:1 в вакуумной графитовой камере типа квазизамкнутого объёма. Методом рентгеновской дифракции установлено, что полученные плёнки халькогенидов имеют подобную сфалериту кристаллическую структуру. Для кубической модификации Cu2SnS3 и Cu2SnSe3 преимущественными плоскостями отражений являются (111), (220) и (311). Элементный состав плёнок соответствует стехиометрии соединений Cu2SnS3 и Cu2SnSe3. Методом ИК-спектроскопии определены энергии активации прямозонных переходов для Cu2SnS3 – 0.96 eV, а для Cu2SnSe3 – 0.70 eV.
ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ № 18-32-00971 – мол_а.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
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Northwood, S. J. "The Alternative Aeneas - G. Vanotti: L'altro Enea: la testimonianza di Dionigi di Alicarnasso. (Problemi e Ricerche di Storia Antica 17.) Pp. 343. Rome: ‘L'Erma’ di Bretschneider, 1995. Paper. ISBN: 88-7062-908-2." Classical Review 47, no. 2 (October 1997): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00250695.
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Zha, Jianing, and Hans Roggendorf. "Sol-gel science, the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing, Ed. by C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, Academic Press, Boston 1990, xiv, 908 pp., bound?ISBN 0-12-134970-5." Advanced Materials 3, no. 10 (October 1991): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19910031025.
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Duineveld, Gerard C. A., Magda J. N. Bergman, and Marc S. S. Lavaleye. "Effects of an area closed to fisheries on the composition of the benthic fauna in the southern North Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 5 (May 16, 2007): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm029.
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Abstract Duineveld, G. C. A., Bergman, M. J. N., and Lavaleye, M. S. S. 2007. Effects of an area closed to fisheries on the composition of the benthic fauna in the southern North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 899–908. The effects of fishery exclusion on the composition of the macrofauna were determined by comparing the fishery-exclusion zone around a gas production platform in the southern North Sea (Frisian Front) with nearby regularly fished areas. A Triple-D dredge was used, in addition to a standard box corer, to collect the relatively rare and larger species. Multivariate analysis showed greater species richness, evenness, and abundance of mud shrimps (Callianassa subterranea, Upogebia deltaura) and fragile bivalves (Arctica islandica, Thracia convexa, Dosinia lupinus, Abra nitida, Cultellus pellucidus) in the Triple-D samples from the exclusion area. Although box cores did confirm the higher abundance of both mud shrimps in the exclusion zone and demonstrated greater densities of the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis, they did not clearly reveal the distinctness of the exclusion zone. This is attributed to the large proportion of small, short-living species in the samples and the relative scarcity of vulnerable larger species common to all the box core samples. There was no evidence of greater recruitment in the relative small exclusion zone, despite its positive effect on adult survival. The observation that the fishery affects deep-living mud shrimps may point to consequences for the functioning of the benthic ecosystem other than simple loss of biodiversity.
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Guilherme, João Paulo Limongi França, and Antonio Herbert Lancha. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Carnosinase Genes (CNDP1 and CNDP2) are Associated With Power Athletic Status." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 27, no. 6 (December 2017): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0098.
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Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), abundantly found in skeletal muscle, plays an important role during exercise, especially for high-intensity contractions. Variability in muscle carnosine content between individuals exists and may also be explained by different genetic bases, although no study has addressed the association of polymorphisms in genes related to carnosine metabolism in athletes. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the carnosinase genes (CNDP1 and CNDP2) in a large Brazilian cohort of athletes and nonathletes. Eight SNPs were compared between a representative cohort of elite athletes from Brazil (n = 908) and a paired group of nonathletes (n = 967). The athletes were stratified into three groups: endurance (n = 328), power (n = 415), and combat (n = 165). The CNDP2 rs6566810 (A/A genotype) is overrepresented in endurance athletes, but only in international-level endurance athletes. Three SNPs (CNDP2 rs3764509, CNDP2-CNDP1 rs2346061, and CNDP1 rs2887) were overrepresented in power athletes compared with nonathletes. Carriers of the minor allele had an increased odds ratio of being a power athlete. For the rs2346061, no significant difference was observed in genotype frequencies between power and combat sports athletes, but for rs2887 the power and combat groups showed an inverse genotype distribution. In conclusion, we found that minor alleles carriers for CNDP2 rs3764509 (G-allele), CNDP2-CNDP1 rs2346061 (C-allele), and CNDP1 rs2887 (A-allele) are more likely to be a power athlete. These polymorphisms may be novel genetic markers for power athletes. Furthermore, these results are suggestive of a distinct CNDP genotype for sporting development.
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Galen, James E., Licheng Zhao, Magaly Chinchilla, Jin Yuan Wang, Marcela F. Pasetti, Jeffrey Green, and Myron M. Levine. "Adaptation of the Endogenous Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi clyA-Encoded Hemolysin for Antigen Export Enhances the Immunogenicity of Anthrax Protective Antigen Domain 4 Expressed by the Attenuated Live-Vector Vaccine Strain CVD 908-htrA." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 12 (December 2004): 7096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.12.7096-7106.2004.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial live-vector vaccines aim to deliver foreign antigens to the immune system and induce protective immune responses, and surface-expressed or secreted antigens are generally more immunogenic than cytoplasmic constructs. We hypothesize that an optimum expression system will use an endogenous export system to avoid the need for large amounts of heterologous DNA encoding additional proteins. Here we describe the cryptic chromosomally encoded 34-kDa cytolysin A hemolysin of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (ClyA) as a novel export system for the expression of heterologous antigens in the supernatant of attenuated Salmonella serovar Typhi live-vector vaccine strains. We constructed a genetic fusion of ClyA to the reporter green fluorescent protein and showed that in Salmonella serovar Typhi CVD 908-htrA, the fusion protein retains biological activity in both domains and is exported into the supernatant of an exponentially growing live vector in the absence of detectable bacterial lysis. The utility of ClyA for enhancing the immunogenicity of an otherwise problematic antigen was demonstrated by engineering ClyA fused to the domain 4 (D4) moiety of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). A total of 11 of 15 mice immunized intranasally with Salmonella serovar Typhi exporting the protein fusion manifested fourfold or greater rises in serum anti-PA immunoglobulin G, compared with only 1 of 16 mice immunized with the live vector expressing cytoplasmic D4 (P = 0.0002). In addition, the induction of PA-specific gamma interferon and interleukin 5 responses was observed in splenocytes. This technology offers exceptional versatility for enhancing the immunogenicity of bacterial live-vector vaccines.
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Fujii, Yutaka, Takemasa Sakaguchi, Katsuhiro Kiyotani, Cheng Huang, Noriko Fukuhara, Yoshiko Egi, and Tetsuya Yoshida. "Involvement of the Leader Sequence in Sendai Virus Pathogenesis Revealed by Recovery of a Pathogenic Field Isolate from cDNA." Journal of Virology 76, no. 17 (September 1, 2002): 8540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.17.8540-8547.2002.
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ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that a systematic passage of a pathogenic field isolate of Sendai virus (SeV), the Hamamatsu strain, in embryonated eggs caused attenuation of virulence to mice, and we isolated viral clones of distinct virulence (K. Kiyotani et al. Arch. Virol. 146:893-908, 2001). One of the clones, E15cl2, which was obtained from the virus at the 15th egg passage of E0, the parental Hamamatsu clone for egg passage, had 165-fold-attenuated virulence to mice and possessed only four mutations in the entire 15,384-base genome: in an antigenomic sense, U to A at position 20 (U20A) and U to A at position 24 (U24A) in the leader sequence, the promoter for transcription and replication, and A to G at position 9346 (silent) and A to U at position 12174 (Ser to Cys) in the L gene. To examine the possibility that leader mutations affect virus pathogenesis, we recovered live viruses from cDNA derived from the Hamamatsu strain. A mutant virus possessing either a mutation of U20A or U24A in the leader sequence showed a slightly lower pathogenicity than that of the parental virus, whereas a double mutant virus possessing both of the mutations showed 25-fold-attenuated virulence, accompanying a significantly lower virus replication in the mouse lung. Replications of the leader mutant viruses were also impaired in a primary culture of mouse pulmonary epithelial cells but not in chicken embryo fibroblasts. These findings suggest that leader mutations of SeV affect virus pathogenesis by altering virus replication in a host-dependent manner.
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Baurmann, Herrad, Gregor Hoppe, Karin Davis, Dirk Judith, Michael Schleuning, and Rainer Schwerdtfeger. "Clinical Effects of Two Different Antithymocyte Globulins as Part of the Conditioning for Unrelated Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 5317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.5317.5317.
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Abstract Introduction: Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is increasingly incorporated into conditioning in unrelated stem cell transplantation (UD-HCT) in an attempt to modulate alloreactivity. Several brands of ATG with different antibody spectrum and potencies are available. Little is known about their optimal use, their clinical action and their potentially different effects in this setting. We reported on the immune reconstitution of 108 patients (pts) after UD-HCT between 1998 and 2003 at our center, after conditioning with either rabbit ATG Genzyme (Thymoglobulin®, ATG-G) or ATG Fresenius (ATG-F) (BMT2004, 33, S3). We here analyze the clinical results of these pts. Patients: 66 pts (cohort 1) received ATG-G, the following 42 pts (cohort 2) ATG-F. Median (md) age of the cohort (co) was 40 y, underlying diseases were AML 40%, MPS 24%, ALL 14%, MDS 7%, lymphoma 15%. There were no significant differences (sigdif)between groups regarding age, Karnofsky index, underlying disease, disease or risk status, CMV risk status and HLA match. 69 % of donor/recipient pairs were 8/8 matched, 31 % had at least one class I Ag MM or one class II allel MM. There was a trend towards more female donors for male recipients (15 vs 7%) in co1 whereas co2 had more pAML (36 vs 17%), more use of reduced conditioning (47 vs 26%), PBSC (60 vs 42%) and MMF instead of MTX (26 vs 5%). Three quarters of ATG-G pts received the product from day (d)-5 to -2, the later ones from d-4 to -1, whereas ATG-F was given from d-3 to -1. The vast majority of co1 had a daily ATG-G dose of 2.5 mg/kg BW compared to 15–20 mg/kg BW ATG-F in co2. Results: At a md follow up of 938 d (1051 for co1 and 908 for co2) there was no sigdif in engraftment, chimerism, disease status or overall survival (OS). Probability of OS for co1 is 63% and 69 % for co2. ATG-G pts were more likely to be readmitted after discharge (73 vs 57%), time to readmission was significantly shorter. Infection (46 vs 29 %) and CMV reactivation (23 vs 14%) were the most frequent reasons for hospitalization with a md number of infectious episodes of 3 for ATG-G and 2 for ATG-F pts from d30 to 365. Infections were categorized as equally severe in both groups. 64% of ATG-G pts developed aGvHD °II–IV compared to 43% of ATG-F pts - however aGvHD responded well to treatment (complete resolution in 63 vs 57%). 76% of co1 and 67% of co2 pts developed cGvHD with a maximum severity of extended cGvHD in 46 vs 26%. ATG-F pts had more skin (57 vs 44%) and gut cGvHD (21 vs 9%) whereas liver (33 vs 14%), lung manifestations (12 vs 5%) and wasting (14 vs 5%) were more frequent after ATG-G. cGvHD in co1 was more often judged to be severe (11 vs 5%), treated by more than one modality in 85 vs 55%, lasted longer (md of 296 vs 69 d) and was more often the primary cause of death (9 vs 2%). Conclusion: Retrospective comparisons of sequential cohorts are subject to biases and have to be interpreted with great caution. Better donor selection, new immunosuppressive and anti-infectious drugs and less toxic conditioning regimens may work in favour of co2. Both treatment regimens gave good results in matched and mismatched UD-HCT without sigdif in OS and disease free survival. However differences in the occurrence and type of cGvHD seem to emerge which need further evaluation. Our results suggest that at least at the given schedule the probably lower equivalence dose of ATG-F was able to prevent at least as much severe cGvHD as ATG-G. A prospective randomized trial with ATG given from d-3 to -1 is warranted.
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Bohra, D. L. "Availability of Veterinary Drugs Residues and Associated Impact on Vulture Health in Asia." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-175-177.
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There are over 500 million livestock in India, and without infrastructure to dispose of dead livestock animals, pastoralism has historically depended on vultures (Gyps sp.) as environmental sanitizers. In their absence, carcasses of dead animals spend time out in the open or are disposed by farmers in water, both of which create an increased risk of disease and water pollution. This carrion also creates a new source of food for dogs and rats, increasing their population. Feral dogs and rats are a major source of rabies infections, a known public health issue in India. Rabies infection is lethal unless vaccination immediately after exposure. The collapse in India’s vulture population occurred because of unintended poisoning following the availability of cheap generic versions of diclofenac for human use till 2008. Diclofenac was introduced in 1973 as a painkiller for humans, but in the mid-90s, along with approval for a generic version in 1993, the pharmaceutical industry in India started producing large quantities of the drug. This lowered the price to a point that made diclofenac use in livestock economically viable and by 1994, diclofenac was widely available across veterinary clinics. Diclofenac was the first NSAID shown to be toxic to scavenging birds and has been banned for veterinary use in much of Asia vultures’ range. Currently, there are fully gazetted bans on the manufacture, sale, and use of veterinary diclofenac in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Iran, Nepal, Oman, and Pakistan, and other countries are considering a similar ban. With the intervention of Human right commission in India, generic versions of multi dose packs of diclofenac for human use was banned in 2015 to stop misuse in animals treatments. In 2023, Ketoprofen, Aceclofenac more fully gazetted bans on the manufacture, sale and use of veterinary for vulture protection. Other then Diclofenac, Ketoprofen, Aceclofenac, two more agents including Nimesulide and their composition, and Flunixin are toxic to vultures. As per scientific reports and analysis in safety testing experiments have established that meloxicam and tolfenamic acid are safe. Use of medicines for One Health issue, and the use of veterinary medicines can have consequences affecting animal health, welfare, and ecosystems. According to Nambirajan, 2018 range of diclofenac 62.28 to 272.20 ng/g in 32 dead White-Backed Vultures (Gyps africanus). In another similar incidence, 14 White-Backed Vultures had diclofenac in kidneys in toxic range (70–908 ng/g), and in 12 Himalayan Griffons (Gyps himalayensis), diclofenac was in the range of 139.69 to 411.73 ng/g. In 2021, a new drug has caused four White-Rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) deaths as nimesulide was detected in all the tissues (17–1395 ng/g). As veterinary aspects are critical to stakeholders of pharmaceutical industry, and we can leverage our multiple spheres of influence to help mitigate the animal and public health, as well as reduce the ecological footprints of medicine use. In addition, there is also a need to analyze the drug influence on vulture reproductive health in Central Asia.