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1
Lv, Hang, Guoqing Gou, Zhenghong Fu, and Wei Gao. "Stress corrosion property of 304 stainless steel and Q345 steel laser-MAG hybrid welded joints." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 01n03 (December 19, 2019): 2040057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220400573.
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The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) property of laser-MAG hybrid welded 304 stainless steel and Q345 steel was evaluated through cycle-immersion testing in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The average SCC crack propagation rate of different zones under different initial stress intensity factors was calculated, and the SCC fracture and crack propagation path were observed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joint have also been examined. The result indicates that the fusion zone (FZ) is extremely prone to SCC. The average SCC crack propagation rate in FZ is [Formula: see text] mm/h, while no obvious SCC was found in the base metal (BM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The steel BM and HAZ may also suffer SCC, but not as fast as in FZ. Grooves caused by SCC were found on the fracture surface with a large amount of corrosion products accumulated close to the interface between the pre-crack section and SCC section. Crystallized-sugar-shaped pattern was found on the SCC zone of FZ. Crack jumping, deflection and crack closure occurred in the crack propagation path. Martensite on the FZ was considered to be the major reason that the FZ has a higher SCC propagation rate.
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Al-Shammary, Maha, Zaid Malak, and Mudher Al-Jwary. "Sedimentological Study of Exposed Successions of the Sargelu Formation, Middle Jurassic, Northeastern, Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1B (February 28, 2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1b.5ms-2023-2-13.
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The Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation spreads out widely in North-Eastern Iraq, particularly within the High Folds Unstable Shelf Zone. The Sargelu Formation was studied in two exposed sections, Hanjira and Gorin, in the Northeastern part of Iraq. The Lower contact of the formation with the Sehkaniyan Formation and the Upper contact with the Naokelekan Formation in the two sections appears conformable. The thickness of the Formation in the Hanjira section is 40m. and in the Gorin section is 70 m. The sampling was done by taking samples from two sections and thin sections were made for all samples and were studied under a polarizing microscope. Three main microfacies donated as M, W, P, and eight submicrofacies were diagnosed which reflects the deposition of the formation within the FZ-1 zone known as the Deep Sea Basin and the FZ-2 known as the Deep Shelf.
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Zenkner-Neto, Alfredo, Waldemir Vieira-Junior, Flávia Amaral, Fabiana França, Roberta Basting, and Cecilia Turssi. "Bulk-fill restorative composites under simulated carious and erosive conditions." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 35, no. 2 (September 29, 2022): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.35/2/111.
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Acidic conditions can cause hydrolysis and accelerate degradation of resin composites (RCs). Since there are limited and controversial data on the effect of acids on bulk-fill RCs, this study assessed the surface roughness (SR) and flexural strength (FS) of these RCs under simulated carious and erosion conditions. Bars of Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF, 3M/ESPE), X-tra fil (XTF, Voco), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF, Ivoclar/Vivadent), and Aura Bulk Fill (ABF, SDI) and a conventional RC [Filtek Z350XT (FZ, 3M/ESPE)] were allocated (n=15) to undergo caries or erosion conditions. The control group was kept in artificial saliva (AS). The bars were evaluated for SR change (final-baseline) and for three-point FS. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. At the baseline (p < 0.001), the SR of RCs ranked as follows: (TBF = XTF) < FBF (none differed from FZ) < ABF. The interplay between RCs and conditions affected SR change (p = 0.025). While after storage in AS, there was no difference among RCs, following carious and erosive conditions, ABF showed higher SR change. For FS (p < 0.001), XTF > (FBF = FZ) > (TBF = FZ) > ABF, with no difference among control, carious and erosive conditions (p = 0.148). Depending on the restorative bulk-fill RCs, carious and erosive conditions roughen the surface but do not affect the FS of these materials.
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Stadtmauer, Edward A., David Siegel, Dan T. Vogl, James Stinnett, Geetha Narayanan, P. P. Bapsy, Trivadi Ganesan, et al. "A Phase 1 Trial of Fluphenazine HCl (Fz), a Serotonin Antagonist, in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 5188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5188.5188.
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Abstract Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a lymphocyte growth factor, and lymphocytes bear 5-HT receptors. Fz has anti-serotonergic properties and a favorable safety profile. Fz inhibits growth of Jurkat leukemia cells at concentrations of 1–10 μM (Schleuning M et al, Anticancer Research 1993;13:599–602). Other serotonin receptor antagonists have been shown to have in vitro and pre-clinical in vivo anti-myeloma effects mainly mediated by apoptosis (Ocio EM, et al, Blood 2006 108:Abs 2597). In vitro studies show 10μM Fz exposure for 18hr kills many myeloma and leukemic cell lines, while sparing non-activated, normal, human lymphocytes. In rat studies, Fz partitions into bone marrow (BM) 100× more avidly than into blood. Fz was thus selected for a proof of concept phase 1 trial in patients (pts) with previously treated myeloma. Methods: Pts with myeloma had failed at least 2 prior regimens; had measurable serum or urine M-proteins, or skewed free light chain ratio per central lab assay; had adequate organ function and performance status (ECOG <3); and were not on selective serotoin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic, or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drugs or other anti-serotonergic agents. Fz was given i.v. in a dose escalating “3+3 design” in three divided 5-minute injections at 0, 6, and 12 hrs once every 28 days. Total Fz doses per 3-bolus exposure were 0.11, 0.23, 0.34, 0.57, 0.80, and 1.14 mg/kg. Serum samples for Fz PK analysis were collected from all patients during cycle 1. A single (time-paired with a serum PK sample) BM biopsy for BM Fz level was obtained from a subset of pts. Results: 21 pts (13M; 8F) from 7 sites in the U.S. and India, median age 55 yrs (range 30–75) were enrolled, 3 pts were enrolled per dose cohort, except for 6 pts at 0.34 mg/kg. Median number prior regimens was 4; 15/21 had prior thalidomide or lenalidomide or both; 10/21 had prior bortezomib; 8/21 had prior stem cell transplant (including 2 with tandem transplant, 1 had a third salvage transplant). A MTD was not reached. One DLT, grade 3 extra-pyramidal reaction (EPR) of acute dystonia with stiff jaw, occurred at 0.34 mg/kg. Six pts experienced EPR (4M; 2F) typically occurring 30–36 hrs post first dose; intensity and frequency were not dose related. All EPR except the 1 DLT were grade 1 or 2. Fifteen serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 10 pts, all assessed as unrelated to Fz. The most common ≥ gr 3 non-serious AEs were anemia, thrombocytopenia, and back pain, none of which was assessed as related to Fz. All cases of orthostatic hypotension, agitation, EPR, sedation, somnolence, and 3 of 4 cases of fatigue were deemed related to Fz. Comparison of time-paired BM and serum Fz concentrations in 6 pts showed 4–77-fold higher Fz levels in the marrow over serum in the first 49 hrs post-dosing. The best response through 2 cycles of treatment per Blade criteria in 19 evaluable pts was stable disease in 3 pts (0.23, 0.34, and 0.80 mg/kg; duration 2, 5, and 6 cycles). Conclusion: Fluphenazine may be safely given to pts with relapsed and refractory myeloma at the doses and schedule described, with EPR and sedation that are generally mild and manageable. Fz partitions 1–2 log greater into human BM compared with serum. A MTD was not reached, and additional studies are planned with more dose-intensive schedules.
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Muñoz, Jairo Alberto, Egor Dolgach, Vanina Tartalini, Pablo Risso, Martina Avalos, Raúl Bolmaro, and José María Cabrera. "Microstructural Heterogeneity and Mechanical Properties of a Welded Joint of an Austenitic Stainless Steel." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020245.
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This research presents the microstructural and mechanical evolution throughout the welded seam of an austenitic stainless steel (ASS) tube. It was found that the main hardness decrement occurred in the fusion zone (FZ), followed by the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base material (BM). Optical microscopy indicated a dendritic structure in FZ and heterogeneous austenitic grain size from the HAZ towards the BM, ranging from 100 µm to 10 µm. The welding process generated an intense texture around the FZ and the HAZ, while the BM still showed an extrusion-like texture. In terms of mechanical behavior, the largest austenite grain size in the FZ led to the lowest strength and ductility of all zones due to the earliest strain localization manifested by heterogeneous strain distribution. However, the strain localization in all zones appeared after 0.4 true strain, indicating an overall good ductility of the seam. These high values were related to two microstructure characteristics: 1) the 10% δ-ferrite after solidification in the FZ favored by the Creq/Nieq = 1.67 relationship that delayed the crack propagation along the austenite grains and 2) the heterogeneous microstructure made up of soft austenite and hard martensite in the HAZ and BM producing multiple strain concentrations. Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) maps obtained by Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) allowed observing higher internal misorientations in the FZ than in the HAZ due to interconnected walls between the δ-ferrite grains. However, the largest KAM values were observed in the BM between γ-austenite and the deformation-induced α’-martensite phases. X-ray diffraction revealed that the residual stresses in the cross-section of the welded seam were compression-type and then switched to tension-type in the outer surface.
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Huang, Guangyao, Liang Yang, Wei Zhou, Xianglin Tang, Yuguang Wang, Zengchun Ma, Shan Gao, and Yue Gao. "Study on Cardiotoxicity and Mechanism of “Fuzi” Extracts Based on Metabonomics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 3506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113506.
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To investigate the toxicity of water and ethanol “Fuzi” (FZ) extracts and to explore the toxicity mechanism in rats. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared. Three groups of rats received the water extract, ethanol extract, or water by oral gavage for seven days. Pathological section staining of heart tissue. Colorimetric analysis was used to determine serum lactate dehydrogenase. The metabolic expression of small molecules in rats was measured by a metabolomics method. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CTnI, mTOR, and TGF-β1. The water and ethanol FZ extracts exert cardiotoxic effects via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Kundrák, János, Tamás Makkai, and István Deszpoth. "Effect of Cutting Feed and Chip Size Ratio on Cutting Force." Solid State Phenomena 261 (August 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.261.3.
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In producing parts, besides increasing accuracy and maintaining/improving the cut surface quality, the main effort of the manufacturers is to improve the productivity/profit. In face milling this aim can be achieved first of all by increasing cutting speed and feed. The importance of feed impact analysis is justified by the general effort to prefabricate parts near net shape, if possible by one pass material removal. If the manufacturing is done by one pass, the surface rate (Aw, mm2/min) can be increased by the increase of feed. It fz feed is increased, the feed per tooth (keeping ap at constant value) ap/fz ratio is changed and as a consequence also the load on cutting edges and the character of chip deformation. The increase in the feed and the change in the chip cross section shape influence the cutting forces and the efficiency. In this paper, the changes in the cutting force components with different feed rates are demonstrated, while the value of the feed is increased 16-fold.
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Андреев, Владимир, and Vladimir Andryeyev. "Nature of Intangible Benefits and Their Protection." Journal of Russian Law 2, no. 3 (February 26, 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2577.
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In article according to standards of the Federal law of July 2, 2013 No. 142-FZ “On modification of subsection 3 of the section I of part one of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation” are studied a being of the intangible benefits and their protection. Properties of the intangible benefit as right subject form of the person and citizen, other than a common property right are established. Classification of the intangible benefits is given, specific ways of their protection are considered.
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M. Salleh, M. N., M. Ishak, M. H. Aiman, M. M. Quazi, and A. M. Hanafi. "Weld Geometry Investigation on Dissimilar Boron Steel Laser Welded for TWB Application." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 7364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.4.2019.12.0546.
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The pulse wave (PW) mode is an excellent replacement for continuous wave (CW) mode f laser welding in the tailor-welded blank (TWB) application for the automotive ndustry. Due to its ability to produce higher peak power in low power laser pulse mode, he weld penetration and high weld quality can be achieved similarly to the utilization of very high power laser of CW mode. This present work was carried out to investigate the ffect of pulse laser welding parameters of a dissimilar thickness of boron steel for the TWB application. Low power fibre laser with 200 W average power was chosen in this xperimental work. Response surface method (RSM) was used for the design of xperiment (DOE) by applying Box-behnken design (BBD) since there were three rocess factors involved. The process factors are peak power (PP), welding speed (WS) nd focal position (FP) and tensile strength is the response for the weld joint. The metallurgical analysis was conducted at the cross section of sample possessing highest nd lowest tensile strength. Boron steel was successfully welded by using low power fibre aser with PW mode in butt joint configuration. It was found that the highest tensile trength possessed fracture located at the base metal, which is convincing the strength of he joint. For microstructure, finer grain produced at the centre of the fusion zone (FZ) ompared to the FZ near the transition line which produced coarser and medium grain. Finer grain size in FZ contributes to the higher microhardness value and tensile strength f the joint compared to the BM region.
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Л.М., Верещагина,. "Standards for designing systems for the removal and treatment of surface runoff and unsettled requirements of the water protection legislation." Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2023.01.03.
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Рассматривается нормативно-правовое регулирование проектирования инженерных сооружений систем отведения и очистки поверхностных сточных вод поселений и законодательно неурегулированные положения действующего свода правил СП 32.13330. 2018 «СНиП 2.04.03-85 «Канализация. Наружные сети и сооружения» (с изменениями № 1 и 2) по разделу «Отведение и очистка поверхностных сточных вод». Приводятся предложения по внесению изменений в статью 60 Водного кодекса РФ № 74-ФЗ и статью 16 Федерального закона № 7-ФЗ «Об охране окружающей среды», учитывающие специфические особенности образования и условия отведения поверхностных сточных вод в централизованные системы водоотведения и водные объекты. The statutory regulation of designing engineering structures of the systems for the removal and treatment of surface runoff in communities, and the legislatively unsettled provisions of the current Code of Practice CP 32.13330.2018 «SNiP 2.04.03-85 «Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants» (with amendments No. 1 and 2) of the section «Removal and treatment of surface runoff» are considered. Proposals are made to introduce amendments to Article 60 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation No. 74-FZ and Article 16 of the Federal Law No. 7-FZ «On the Environmental Protection», with account of the specific features of the formation and conditions for the discharge of surface runoff into the public wastewater disposal systems and water bodies.
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Svobodová, Andrea, Lilian Švábenická, Daniela Reháková, Marcela Svobodová, Petr Skupien, Tiiu Elbra, and Petr Schnabl. "The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and high resolution biostratigraphy of the pelagic sequences of the kurovice section (Outer Western Carpathians, the northern Tethyan margin)." Geologica Carpathica 70, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2019-0009.
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Abstract Microfacies and high resolution studies at the Kurovice quarry (Czech Republic, Outer Western Carpathians) on calpionellids, calcareous and non-calcareous dinoflagellate cysts, sporomorphs and calcareous nannofossils, aligned with paleomagnetism, allow construction of a detailed stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation across the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary. The Kurovice section consists of allodapic and micrite limestones and marlstones. Identified standard microfacies types SMF 2, SMF 3 and SMF 4 indicate that sediments were deposited on a deep shelf margin (FZ 3), with a change, later, into distal basin conditions and sediments (FZ 1). The sequence spans a stratigraphic range from the Early Tithonian calcareous dinoflagellate Malmica Zone, nannoplankton zone NJT 15 and magnetozone M 21r to the late Early Berriasian calpionellid Elliptica Subzone of the Calpionella Zone, nannoplankton NK-1 Zone and M 17r magnetozone. The J/K boundary is marked by a quantitative increase of small forms of Calpionella alpina, the base of the Alpina Subzone (that corresponds to NJT 17b and M 19n.2n) and by the rare occurrence of Nannoconus wintereri. Palynomorphs include Early Berriasian terrestrial elements — non-calcareous dinoflagellate cysts Achomosphaera neptunii, Prolixosphaeridium sp. A and Tehamadinium evittii. The depositional area for Kurovice was situated at the margin of the NW Tethys. The influence of cold waters from northern latitudes and potential upwellings is highlighted by: 1) the high proportion of radiolarians and sponge spicules, 2) rare calpionellids represented mostly by hyaline forms, 3) the absence of microgranular calpionellids — chitinoidellids, 4) the small percentage of the genera Nannoconus, Polycostella and Conusphaera in nannofossil assemblages, as compared to other sites in Tethys, 5) scarce Nannoconus compressus, which has otherwise been mentioned from the Atlantic area.
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Pisarevskaya, Elena A. "On the Fulfillment by the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation of a Preventive Function." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 18 (2022): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/18/20.
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The article examines the normative legal acts on the implementation of the preventive function by the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation. The correctness of the definition of the preventive function of the prosecution bodies given in Article 9 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ of 23 June 2016, “On the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Offences in the Russian Federation”, is critically assessed. The need to clarify the content of the preventive function of the prosecutor's office by introducing amendments to a number of existing normative legal acts of the Russian Federation is substantiated. The author notes that the current Russian legislation, scientific community, and law enforcement practice are still uncertain about what the implementation of the preventive function by the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation means. The author analyzes the norms of Articles 5 and 9 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ. She infers that, at present, based on the existing norms, it is impossible to make an unambiguous conclusion about how the prosecution bodies carry out the preventive function. On the one hand, it can be argued that the analyzed law provides for the implementation of an independent preventive function by the prosecutor's office within the framework of prosecutor's supervision over the implementation of laws. On the other hand, it would be appropriate to suggest that the legislator equates the supervisory function of the prosecutor's office with the preventive one. Federal Law No. 2202-1 of 17 January 1992 (as amended), “On the Prosecutor's Office in the Russian Federation”, does not clarify this issue; it gives two main functions of the Prosecutor's Office: supervision and criminal prosecution, leaving the list of possible functions open. This law does not specifically disclose the preventive function of the prosecutor's office. The function is deducible from the norms of Section III (Prosecutor's Supervision), Article 8 (Coordination of Activities to Combat Crime), and Article 9.1 (Conducting AntiCorruption Expert Examination of Regulatory Legal Acts). The author notes that, given the existing uncertainty in laws, there are also different points of view on this issue in science. The author believes that the prosecution bodies are still not endowed with the competence for the prevention of offenses; therefore, they cannot perform the preventive function in its traditional sense. According to the current Russian legislation, the bodies of the prosecutor's office supervise the implementation of laws on the prevention of offenses. The current legislation has norms that contradict each other and norms with an indefinite meaning, which continues to raise numerous questions from theorists and practitioners, does not contribute to the uniformity and effectiveness of law enforcement practice. In this regard, the author proposes: (1) to clarify the powers of the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of crime prevention, separating the supervisory function from the preventive one, in Article 9 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ on the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Offences in the Russian Federation. The author believes that the supervisory functions are fully regulated by the Federal Law on the Prosecutor's Office in the Russian Federation; therefore, there is no need to duplicate these functions in Federal Law No. 182-FZ; (2) to provide specific preventive powers of officials of the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation in Federal Law No. 182-FZ. For example, instructing and informing in the domain of law (Article 17 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ) are not classified as forms of preventive influence of officials of the prosecutor's office, although the prosecutor's office has always carried out these activities; (3) to provide for the implementation of the preventive function by the prosecutor in the texts of Federal Law No. 2202-1 on the Prosecutor's Office in the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 182-FZ on the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Offences in the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 120-FZ on the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Juvenile Neglect and Delinquency of 24 June 1999, and other preventive regulatory legal acts. The function should be specified through describing its content: instructing and informing in the legal domain, as well as coordinating and anti-corruption expert work.
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SENCHISHCHEV, V. I. "ON THE DEFECTS OF THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT “LAND PLOT” IN THE FEDERAL LAW NO. 430-FZ." Civil Law Review 22, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/1992-2043-2022-22-1-59-65.
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The article analyzes the concepts of “land plot” in the previous and new editions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, in the Land Code of the Russian Federation and in the draft law on the new edition of the section of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation devoted to property law. The shortcomings of the existing legislative definitions are noted and the need to introduce into the concept of “land plot” an indication of its state cadastral registration, which turns this object into an individually defined thing – an object of civil circulation, is justified.
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Hankinson, R. J. "The Sceptical Inquirer." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 23, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02301007.
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Abstract This article treats of whether scepticism, in particular Pyrrhonian scepticism, can be said to deploy a method of any kind. I begin by distinguishing various different notions of method, and their relations to the concept of expertise (section 1). I then (section 2) consider Sextus’s account, in the prologue to Outlines of Pyrrhonism, of the Pyrrhonist approach, and how it supposedly differs from those of other groups, sceptical and otherwise. In particular, I consider the central claim that the Pyrrhonist is a continuing investigator (section 3), who in spite of refusing to be satisfied with any answer (or none), none the less still achieves tranquillity, and whether this can avoid being presented as a method for so doing, and hence as compromising the purity of sceptical suspension of commitment (section 4). In doing so, I relate—and contrast—the Pyrrhonists’ account of their practice to the ‘Socratic Method’ (section 5), as well as to the argumentative practice of various Academics (section 6), and assess their claim in so doing to be offering a way of instruction (section 7). I conclude (section 8) that there is a consistent and interesting sense in which Pyrrhonian scepticism can be absolved of the charge that it incoherently, and crypto-dogmatically, presents itself as offering a method for achieving an intrinsically desirable goal.
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Adedayo, Segun Mathew, and S. O. Irehovbude. "Numerical simulation of transient temperature in flash butt-welded axi-symmetric circular sections." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 26, 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.8683.
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Thermal history along the length of a circular section subjected to flash-butt welding was analyzed by the finite difference method. A onedimensional nonlinear thermal numerical simulation using a computational model based on the finite difference approach is formulated taking into consideration fusion zone (FZ) temperature as a measure of heat input, ambient and initial temperature of rod. Flexibility of physical characteristics such as bar length, diameter and temperature dependency of thermal properties and variation of boundary conditions were applied. Peak temperatures of 490°C and 410°C were computed for a 20 mm external diameter solid and hollow pipes respectively at distance 5 mm from weld line. Preheat temperatures of 200°C and 400°C resulted into a 41.1% and 89.3% increase respectively in peak temperature as compared with non preheat conditions. The predicted values from this model compared reasonably with experimentally obtained thermal histories. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.8683
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Arutynov, Nikolai Yu, Mohamed Elsayed, Reinhard Krause-Rehberg, C. Kessler, Valentin V. Emtsev, Gagik A. Oganesyan, and V. V. Kozlovski. "Positron Probing of Vacancy Volume of Thermally Stable Deep Donors Produced with 15 MeV Protons in n-FZ-Si:P Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 205-206 (October 2013): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.205-206.317.
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The free volume of the thermally stable vacancy center in n-FZ-Si:P has been probed by positrons. The defects were produced with 15 MeV protons, and then the irradiated material was subjected to the isochronal annealing. The positron lifetime has been determined over the temperature range ~ 30 K – 300 K; the samples-satellites have been characterized by Hall effect measurements. The microstructure of the center involves, at least, one atom of phosphorus and it manifests itself as a deep donor. The center is singly negatively charged and the cascade phonon-assisted trapping of positron proceeds over the length characteristic of the point defect, l0~3.62 a. u. Obeying ~ T–3law, the positron trapping cross section ranges 3∙10–12cm2(66K) to 2.5∙10–14cm2(266 K). The positron lifetimes ranging from ~240 ps to ~280 ps suggest that the atomic relaxation is directed inward towards the free volume of the deep donor involving, at least, two vacancies.
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Grace, R. F., and V. J. Roach. "Caesarean Section in a Patient with Paramyotonia Congenita." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 26, no. 5 (October 1998): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9802600511.
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This case report details spinal anaesthesia for an elective caesarean section in a patient with the rare condition of paramyotonia congenita. There are few case reports of anaesthesia in this condition and none in the Australian anaesthetic literature. This case highlights the need for the avoidance of hypothermia and depolarizing muscle relaxants, the safety of spinal anaesthesia and a conservative approach to the management of plasma potassium concentration. The subsequent review outlines the current literature and discusses other issues involved in the anaesthetic management of this disorder.
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Begum, Tahera, M. Jalal Uddin, and Ishrat Jabin. "Caesarean Section Without Indwelling Catheter." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 14, no. 1 (April 4, 2015): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878.
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Background: Many studies were conducted worldwide on the subject but there is none in Chittagong. To get our experience we had conducted the study. Methods: It was an experimental study. 70 cases were conveniently selected under certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases were managed by the obstetricians unrelated to the study. All cases were meticulously observed by the investigators and findings were instantly recorded. All data were manually managed. A discussion was made and conclusion was drawn. Results: Total 70 cases were studied. 35 primae and 35 multipara. Mean age was 27 years +2.3 . All were literate and 86% were housewives. Cases were without medical, surgical complications and were uneventfully managed. First voiding time was 4.28 hours +0.45. 07% cases were evacuated with plain catheter after 7 hours for pain and bladder distention. Average hospital stay 2.3 days. There was no occurrence of urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Indwelling catheter should not be used unless it is strongly indicated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 34-35
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Drinia, H., F. Pomoni-Papaioannou, Tsaparas N., and A. Antonarakou. "MIOCENE SCLERACTINIAN CORALS OF GAVDOS ISLAND, SOUTHERN GREECE: IMPLICATIONS FOR TECTONIC CONTROL AND SEA-LEVEL CHANGES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11224.
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Low-diversity scleractinian patch reefs that have been developed, during Early to Middle Tortonian, in Gavdos island are studied, aiming in a better understanding of the time and space relationships of the reef development and the associated basin fill evolution. Gavdos island consists part of a tectonically active setting constituting the southernmost extension of the Hellenic arc (Eastern Mediterranean). A representative Tortonian section (Bo section), located in the northwest part of the island, which hosts a mass occurrence of hermatypic corals, is studied. Scleractinian samples were collected from the upper 12 m of the section, which is characterized by interchanges of marly limestone and compact marls. The reefs are represented by the coral species Heliastraea oligophylla, Porites maicientensis, Thegioastraea roasendai and Porites collegniana. The microfacies analysis showed that the mediumto-thin-bedded carbonates of the limestone-marl alternations comprise patch reefs (boundstones-framestones, SMF 16, sensu Wilson, 1975, FZ 7-8, sensu Flügel 1982) consisted of screractinian corals. Corals are associated with corallinacean algae. Patch reefs are associated by bioclastic packstones-floatstones, characterized by benthic foraminifera, calcareous algae, spines of echinoids, gastropods and molluscs. Reefs are laterally associated by a bioclastic limestone rich in planktonic forams, associated by detrital material (fragments of quartz, feldspars, quartzites and cherts). The studied reef facies have been dolomitized and cemented in the meteoric realm. In places pseudomorphs after evaporites have been observed, tending to occlude cavities resulted after dissolution. The depositional environment corresponds to a moderate to high-energy inner platform setting, experiencing open-ocean influences. The pattern of coralgal reef development during Miocene, in the tectonically controlled Gavdos island, represents a complex interaction of tectonic activity and global sea-level changes.
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Chen, Y. L., R. W. Carpenter, and T. P. Sjoreen. "Precipitation in silicon-implanted by oxygen and carbon plus oxygen." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176332.
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Interest in precipitation processes in silicon appears to be centered on oxygen and carbon impurities in thermally aged materials, and on oxygen implanted materials to form buried dielectric layers. The precipitation reaction products are small, and the presence of carbon is often an important consideration. This abstract reports high resolution electron microscopy observations of precipitate morphology in FZ-Si implanted with oxygen (2.3×l020cm-3 concentration at projected range. Rp). and with oxygen plus carbon (both 1.2×l020cm-3concentration at Rp), and then post-implanted annealed at 923K for 120 hours. These oxygen and carbon concentrations are significantly higher than the saturation oxygen and carbon concentrations in Si at the melting point, which are ∼2×l018 cm-3.After mechanical and argon-ion-milling thinning, (001) wafers were examined in [011] cross-section with an LSI 002B at 200kv for HREM and a Philips EM400ST FEG at l00kv for EELS. A typical implanted region is shown in Fig. 1a for O-implanted and Fig. 1b for O-plus-C-implanted specimens.
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Chowdhury, Liza, and Ishrat Jahan. "Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i1.30658.
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Introduction: Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with great discomfort, high incidence of urinary tract infection, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay.Objectives: To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization.Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out from April 2012 to March 2013, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CMH Dhaka and IBN Sina Hospital Dhaka among 65 patients who had undergone cesarean section without catheterization. There were some limitations of this study. We had excluded previous cesarean from our study, so the results of this study cannot be generalized.Results: Firs void discomfort was not significantly associated without the use of indwelling catheter. Hospital stay was shorter (94% was discharged on 3rd post operative day). None of the patients had bladder injury. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes (44%) and ambulation time 11-14 hours (60%). Average estimated blood loss was 500 ml (41%) and time of 1st voiding was 5-8 hrs (58%). Need for catheterization was significantly low (3%).Conclusion: Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 3-6
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Ladeve`ze, P., and J. G. Simmonds. "Exact Time-Dependent Plane Stress Solutions for Elastic Beams: A Novel Approach." Journal of Applied Mechanics 63, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787253.
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We consider an elastically isotropic beam of narrow rectangular cross section governed by the dynamic equations of linearized plane stress theory and subject to typical boundary and initial conditions associated with flexure. We use one of the three stress-displacement relations to express the axial stress σx in terms of the axial displacement U and the normal stress σ. Assuming this latter stress and the shear stress τ to be given functions of position (x, z) and time t, we write the remaining two stress-displacement equations as a nonhomogeneous hyperbolic system for U and the normal displacement W. This system has a simple, explicit solution in terms of σ, τ, and V, the value of W on the centerline of the beam. Introducing certain body forces fx and fz, we obtain explicit formulas for σ, τ, U, and W valid in the interior of the beam and satisfying any imposed tractions on the faces of the beam. We satisfy initial conditions by adding certain explicitly computable increments to the initial displacements and velocities. Satisfaction of end conditions of displacement or traction yields a certain consistency condition along the centerline in edge zones (“boundary layers”) of width vH, where v is Poisson’s ratio and 2H is the depth of the beam. In particular, if V is taken as a solution of the equations of elementary beam theory, then outside these end zones the body forces fx and fz and the incremental initial conditions are “small.” If V within the edge zones is also identified with the solution of elementary beam theory, then a certain increment of the order of the dominant longitudinal stress σx must be added within the edge zones to the prescribed value of T on the face of the beam. (This is consistent with the neglect of two-dimensional end effects in elementary beam theory.) These results should be of use as analytical benchmarks for checking numerical codes.
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Gurung, Tara, Sangeeta Shrestha, Ujjwal Basnet, and Amirbabu Shrestha. "Awareness with Recall in General Anesthesia undergoing Cesarean Section." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i1.21611.
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Aims: To determine the incidence of awareness with recall in parturient undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital.Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of the patients who underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia from April mid 2014 to April mid 2017 (Baishakh 2071 to Chaitra 2073 BS). Awareness questionnaires filled up through the modified Brice interview.Results: A total of 162 patients underwent Cesarean Section under general anesthesia and138 were included in the study. None of them had awareness and six patients had a dream.Conclusion: No awareness with recall found and prospective study is required to determine the condition.
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Varga, Gyorgy, and Ricardo Dias de Oliveira Brito. "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns in Brazil." Brazilian Review of Finance 14, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v14n2.2016.60916.
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In a sample of the Brazilian stock market from 1999 to 2015, this paper shows that the book-to-market and momentum of individual firms capture some of the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns, while the market β and size do not play a role. The positive relation of cross-section of returns with book-to-market is more evident earlier, while the positive relation with momentum is stronger later in the sample. However, because none of these characteristics show explanatory power for all the subsamples studied, we are not fully convinced that they capture fundamental risk factors.
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Kucera, T. G. "Stability theory for topological logic, with applications to topological modules." Journal of Symbolic Logic 51, no. 3 (September 1986): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274029.
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In this paper I show how to develop stability theory within the context of the topological logic first introduced by McKee [Mc 76], Garavaglia [G 78] and Ziegler [Z 76]. I then study some specific applications to topological modules; in particular I prove two quantifier élimination theorems, one a generalization of a result of Garavaglia.In the first section I present a summary of basic results on topological model theory, mostly taken from the book of Flum and Ziegler [FZ 80]. This is done primarily to fix notation, but I also introduce the notion of an Lt-elementary substructure. The important point with this concept, as with many others, appears to be to allow only individuals to appear as parameters, not open sets.In the second section I begin the study of stability theory for Lt. I first develop a translation of the topological language Lt into an ordinary first-order language L*. The first main theorem is (2.3), which shows that the translation is faithful to the model-theoretic content of Lt, and provides the necessary tools for studying Lt theories in the context of ordinary first-order logic. The translation allows me to consider individual stability theory for Lt: the stability-theoretic study of those types of Lt in which only individual variables occur freely and in which only individuals occur as parameters. I originally developed this stability theory entirely within Lt; the fact that the theorems and their proofs were virtually identical to those in ordinary first order logic suggested the reduction from Lt to L*.
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Pan, Y. "Morphology and development of flow-pattern defect with extended nonagitated Secco etching." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172073.
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The D defect, which causes the degradation of gate oxide integrities (GOI), can be revealed by Secco etching as flow pattern defect (FPD) in both float zone (FZ) and Czochralski (Cz) silicon crystal or as crystal originated particles (COP) by a multiple-step SC-1 cleaning process. By decreasing the crystal growth rate or high temperature annealing, the FPD density can be reduced, while the D defectsize increased. During the etching, the FPD surface density and etch pit size (FPD #1) increased withthe etch depth, while the wedge shaped contours do not change their positions and curvatures (FIG.l).In this paper, with atomic force microscopy (AFM), a simple model for FPD morphology by non-crystallographic preferential etching, such as Secco etching, was established.One sample wafer (FPD #2) was Secco etched with surface removed by 4 μm (FIG.2). The cross section view shows the FPD has a circular saucer pit and the wedge contours are actually the side surfaces of a terrace structure with very small slopes. Note that the scale in z direction is purposely enhanced in the AFM images. The pit dimensions are listed in TABLE 1.
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Roy, Priyankur, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan, and Jose Ruby. "Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 4 (2017): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1520.
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ABSTRACT Objectives (1) To investigate the association between term elective cesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of the cesarean. (2) To assess the maternal morbidity when emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) was required. Participants All women with singleton term (37—41 + 6 weeks) pregnancies and planned for elective cesarean section in Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Outcome measures The primary outcome measures were neonatal morbidities such as transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The secondary outcome measures were emergency cesarean section and maternal morbidities such as scar dehiscence, urinary tract infection (UTI), endometritis, peritonitis, and hemoperitoneum in the mother. Results The percentage of TTN in the infants in group I was 1.3% while there were none in group II. No infants were diagnosed to have RDS. Out of the 150 women who were planned for elective cesarean section, 55 women underwent emergency cesarean section. Among this, 19 (25.3%) of women were from group I as compared with 36 (48.0%) in group II. The difference in proportion between the two groups was –22.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): –37.7, –7.7], which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The incidence of scar dehiscence, UTI, endometritis, and hemoperitoneum in the mothers of group II was marginally higher than that in the mothers of group I. There was one woman with peritonitis in group I while none was reported in the other group. All the maternal morbidities occurred to women who underwent emergency cesarean section. Out of the 19 women in group I and 36 women in group II who underwent emergency cesarean section, 1 (5.3%) and 6 (16.7%) women had morbidities. Conclusion Women requiring elective cesarean section can safely be done between 37 and 39 weeks with no further significant increase in the rates of neonatal morbidity such as TTN and RDS. How to cite this article Roy P, Jeyaseelan L, Ruby J, Garg R. Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(4):312-317.
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BEKYASHEVA, D. I. "THE NORMATIVELY FIXED “CRITERIA” OF QUALIFIED LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS AND ARBITRATION PROCEDURE ARE ON THE AGENDA (IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF 16 JULY 2020 NO. 37-P)." Herald of Civil Procedure 10, no. 6 (January 25, 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-6-101-113.
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The experience of creating professionally oriented legal proceedings is not new (besides, it is far from positive) for arbitration procedure, which, once again addressing this issue, required the legislator to thoroughly study, at least, that had already happened in this regard – the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. While recognizing the existence of two mutually exclusive provisions that appeared in one Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (from 16 July 2004 No. 15-P), we still cannot but come to the sad conclusion that when establishing restrictions on judicial representatives, none of the conclusions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is so was not accounted for. At the same time, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation itself, in its own Resolution of 16 July 2020 No. 37-P, where the qualified legal assistance provided was checked (Federal Law of 28 November 2018 No. 451-FZ), states the presence of a minimum standard, which externally appears as a forecast of an alleged additional (possibly more close) attention to the set of criteria for a professional representative, but from the inside – this argument of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is just an aporia, a logically correct conclusion, which is still unable to exist in reality.
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Hamir, Amir N., and Charles E. Rupprecht. "Hepatic Capillariasis (Capillaria Hepatica) in Porcupines (Erethizon Dorsatum) in Pennsylvania." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (September 2000): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200514.
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Tissues of 53 adult porcupines ( Erethizon dorsatum) from Pennsylvania were obtained for histopathologic examination. Hepatic capillariasis was recorded in 9% of the porcupines. An additional 11% of the liver sections showed lesions that were compatible with migration by Capillaria hepatica. Because only 1 section of the liver per animal was examined microscopically, the documented prevalence of C. hepatica in Pennsylvania is considered conservatively low. However, this condition was subclinical, because none of the infected animals showed clinical signs, and none revealed severe pathologic changes in the affected livers. This seems to be the only report of C. hepatica in porcupines.
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HASSAN, SAMIA, MISBAH KAUSAR JAVAID, and SADIA TARIQ. "EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 02 (March 10, 2008): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.02.2772.
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Objective: Comparative analysis of problems encountered betweenpatients of elective caesarean section and patients for whom elective caesarean section was planned but ended upin emergency caesarean section. Design: Descriptive prospective analysis. Setting: Gynae Unit-II, Services Hospital,Lahore. Duration: One year, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006. Patients & Methods: A prospective study of st st100 patients who presented for antenatal care (ANC) and for whom elective caesarean section (CS) was planned wasdone. Patients evaluation was done on a designed performa that included demographic, social and obstetrical histories.Problems encountered in the preparatory stage, logistic problems, administrative problems, problems encounteredduring surgery, maternal, fetal mortality and morbidity were noted. Results: The patients were divided into twocategories. Categories I: included patients who had elective CS and category II: included patients who ended up inemergency CS. Numerous problems were encountered for category II patients. In the preparatory phase there wasdifficulty in arranging medicines for 32 patients. (59.2%), arranging blood for 28 patients (51.8%), obtaining consentfor 1 patient (1.85%). Logistic problems included non-availability of operation theatre for 15 patients (27.75%), nonavailability of anaesthetist for 9 patients (16.65%), and non-availability of paediatrician for 38 babies (17.3%). Noneof the emergency CS were done with in the recommended 30 minutes interval. Despite this, there was no significantcoloration between the decision delivery interval (DDI) and perinatal outcome. In our study like threatening cases wereoperative within 60 minutes. Intra operative problems in the category II patients included adhesions in 40 patients (74%)vs 10 patients (21.7%) of category I, partial dehiscence in 16 patients (29.6%) of category II vs 4 patients (8.68%) ofcategory I. Excessive hemorrhage in 8 patients (14.8%) of category II vs 2 patients (4.34%) of category I. Among thepost operative complications anemia was present in 20 patients (43.4%) of category I vs 45 patients (83.25%) ofcategory II patients. Blood transfusion was required for 16 patients (29.6%) of category II vs 4 patients (8.68%) ofcategory I and all patients were given iron supplement. Major wound infection were seen in 9 patients (16.65%) ofcategory II vs 2 patients (4.34%) of category I. Resuturing was done after appropriate antibiotic cover and dailyantiseptic dressing. Minor wound infections were seen in 22 patients (40.7%) of category II vs 12 patients (26.04%)of category I. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) was seen in 6 patients (11.1%) of category II vs 1 patient (2.17%) ofcategory I. Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI) was seen in 5 patients (9.25%) of category II vs 2 patients (4.34%) ofcategory I. All these were treated by appropriate antibiotic cover. Regarding the neonatal outcome 16 babies (29.6%)of category II were kept under observation in neonatal nursery (NNU) as compared to 6 (13.02%) babies of categoryI. Admission for 2-10 days in NNU were 8 babies (14.96%) of category II vs 2 babies (4.34%) of category I. 2 babies(3.74%) of category II expired later while none of category I. Conclusion: Patients for whom elective CS was plannedbut who ended up in emergency CS, the DDI was prolonged and there was increase risk of maternal morbidity, fetalmorbidity and mortality as compared to those patients who had elective CS.
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Danielewski, Hubert, and Andrzej Skrzypczyk. "Steel Sheets Laser Lap Joint Welding—Process Analysis." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102258.
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This article presents the results of steel-sheet lap-joint-welding using laser beam radiation. The use of a laser beam and keyhole effect for deep material penetration in lap joint welding was presented. Thermodynamic mechanism of laser welding is related to material properties and process parameters. Estimation of welding parameters and joint properties’ analysis was performed through numerical simulation. The article presents a possibility of modeling laser lap-joint welding by using Simufact Welding software based on Marc solver and thermo-mechanical solution. Numerical calculation was performed for surface and conical volumetric heat sources simulating laser absorption and keyhole effect during steel sheet welding. Thermo-mechanical results of fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and phase transformations calculated in numerical simulation were analyzed. The welding parameters for partial sealed joint penetration dedicated for gas piping installations were estimated from the numerical analysis. Low-carbon constructional steel was used for numerical and experimental analyses. A trial joint based on the estimated parameters was prepared by using a CO2 laser. Numerical and experimental results in the form of hardness distributions and weld geometry were compared. Metallographic analysis of the obtained weld was presented, including crystallographic structures and inclusions in the cross section of the joint.
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Kakkar, Rakesh, and Pradeep Aggarwal. "Book Review: ‘Till We Win - India’s fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic’." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.028.
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‘Till We Win’ is a book which provides a comprehensive overview of India’s journey. It deliberates how India, as a nation, fought and continue to fight against the novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2. It documents and analyses the COVID-19 pandemic responses and provides lessons for health systems strengthening.
The book has four section and eleven chapters. The first section focuses upon why viruses are likely to cause pandemic and how human activities are increasing the risks of outbreaks and epidemics. The next section deliberates on India’s pandemic response and how the policies had evolved with every new emerging condition. The authors argue that none of the country was fully prepared for the pandemic of the such a magnitude which eventually had disrupted even ‘so called’ better performing health system.
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Burnside, Craig. "The Cross Section of Foreign Currency Risk Premia and Consumption Growth Risk: Comment." American Economic Review 101, no. 7 (December 1, 2011): 3456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.7.3456.
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Lustig and Verdelhan (2007) argue that the excess returns to borrowing US dollars and lending in foreign currency “compensate US investors for taking on more US consumption growth risk,” yet the stochastic discount factor corresponding to their benchmark model is approximately uncorrelated with the returns they study. Hence, one cannot reject the null hypothesis that their model explains none of the cross sectional variation of the expected returns. Given this finding, and other evidence, I argue that the forward premium puzzle remains a puzzle. JEL: C58, E21, F31, G11, G12
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Hall, A. D., B. K. Puri, T. Stewart, and P. S. Grahame. "Doctors' Holding Power in Practice: Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983." Medicine, Science and the Law 35, no. 3 (July 1995): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500310.
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Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) is a commonly used short term power of detention often implemented by junior medical staff, which has no statutory right of appeal. There is little published analysis of its use in clinical practice. A detailed case note study of its use in a psychiatric service with a large catchment area is presented. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients detained under s.5(2) were female. Affective psychosis was over-represented in detained females, while schizophrenia and paranoid states were over-represented in males. Eight per cent of s.5(2) detentions were initiated via the nurses' holding power, s.5(4). None of these patients were subsequently regraded to s.2 or 3, which may be accounted for by the finding that personality disorder and alcohol dependence were more commonly diagnosed in this subgroup. Of s.5(2) detainees, none of those with a non-psychotic disorder were regraded to s.2 or 3. Three patients had not accepted in-patient admission prior to implementation of s.5(2). Moreover, 38 per cent of all s.5(2) detentions took place within 24 hours of admission. Patients with a psychotic disorder were more likely to be detained within 24 hours of admission. Doubts regarding the validity of consent to voluntary admission in these patients are raised.
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Abboud, Therese K., Michael J. Moore, Jerry Jacobs, Kazushige Murakawa, Manoutchehr Soraya, and Jay Zhu. "Epidural Mepivacaine for Cesarean Section: Maternal and Neonatal Effects." Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control 12, no. 2 (April 1987): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-198712020-00003.
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The effects of epidural anesthesia using mepivacaine on maternal blood pressure, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Scale (ENNS) were studied in 21 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. Maternal and neonatal blood levels of mepivacaine were also determined. Neonatal outcome was compared with a control group of 14 neonates of healthy mothers who received 3% 2-chloroprocaine for elective cesarean section. All patients had satisfactory anesthesia for cesarean section with an onset of 19 ± 1.8 minutes (mean ± SEM) and duration of 95 ± 11.9 minutes. Hypotension developed in two patients, and they were treated with intravenous ephedrine. All neonates had Apgar scores of 8 or more at 1 and 5 minutes and normal blood gases and acid-base status. None of the variables of the ENNS differed significantly between the mepivacaine and the chloroprocaine control group with the exception of truncal tone, which was significantly higher in the mepivacaine group ( p < 0.05). Mepivacaine was detected in all maternal and fetal samples, and the umbilical venous to maternal venous ratio was 0.57 ± 0.17 (mean ± SEM).
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Lowe-Ponsford, Francesca L., and Ayaz Begg. "Place of Safety and Section 136 at Gatwick Airport." Medicine, Science and the Law 36, no. 4 (October 1996): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600406.
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Seventy-nine adults and nineteen children were arrested at Gatwick Airport under s.136 over the period of one year although not all were formally held under this section at the police station (i.e. not all were accepted by the custody police officer). Their notes at the police station were reviewed. None of the children and only half of the adults were eventually seen by a doctor. The police were able to deal with the others. Half of these latter were missing persons. Those referred to a doctor tended to be suicidal or confused compared with those who were dealt with solely by the police. In addition, the police station as a place of safety probably influenced management in that people were dealt with quickly. The phenomenon of ‘wanderers’ is commented upon. This study suggests that when reviewing people held by the police as a result of their behaviour, a more comprehensive study can be performed by considering those arrested under s.136, but needing a more informal approach, at the police station.
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Gupta, Nupur, Taru Gupta, and Ritu Singh. "Feto-maternal outcome in second versus first stage caesarean delivery in a tertiary medical care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 5084. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184971.
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Background: The aim is to study neonatal and maternal outcomes of the caesarean sections performed in first stage versus second stage of labour. Methods: The retrospective analysis of data were done of caesarean section done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at ESI PGIMSR Basaidarapur New Delhi between January 2016 to December 2016. 45 women, who underwent second stage caesarean section were studied. For each case, two consecutive cases, who underwent caesarean delivery during the first stage of labour were taken as control for the study. Primary maternal outcomes of interest were uterine atonia, transfusion requirement, urinary system injury and postoperative complications. Results: Out of 4477 deliveries, 1466 had caesarean section with a rate of 32%. The rate of second stage caesarean section was 3% of total caesarean section and 1% of total deliveries. Second stage caesarean section had higher maternal and perinatal morbidity like atonic PPH (33.3%), lower uterine segment extension (7%), febrile morbidity (10%), and need for blood transfusion (15%). There were 15.5% NICU admission in second stage caesarean group while none in first stage group. Conclusions: Caesarean section in the second stage of the labour is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidities. Special attention is required to the patients undergoing caesarean section in the second stage of the labour. They should be handled by senior and experienced obstetrician. Neonatologist should be present for every second stage caesarean section.
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Vaswani, Babita P., Aditi Trivedi, and Sriram Gopal. "Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal cesarean section: a retrospective analysis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200337.
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Background: Cesarean section is becoming a more common delivery type worldwide. The objective of this study was to compare surgical morbidity in extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal techniques of cesarean section.Methods: A total of 60 patients was included in this study out of which 30 underwent extraperitoneal cesarean section(ECS) and 30 patients underwent transperitoneal cesarean section (TCS) and compared both the techniques with respect to nausea or vomiting intra-operatively, pain score (as measured by visual analogue scale) post operatively, return of bowel function and blood loss.Results: Intra-operative nausea and vomiting was noted in 33.34% of patients in TCS group while none of the patients in ECS group had any such complaints. No difference was noted in average blood loss between the 2 groups. Post-operative pain in ECS was 4.13 as compared to 6.86 in TCS. Return of bowel sounds in ECS group was much earlier (5.46 hours) as compared to TCS group (11.33 hours).Conclusions: We conclude that extraperitoneal technique is advantageous over transperitoneal approach. Decreased nausea and vomiting, early return of bowel function in the post-operative period, decreased post-operative pain allowing early feeding and mobilization are definite benefits of this technique. This further helps in making a relatively smoother post-operative recovery.
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Li, Liang, Tianhua Zhou, Junwu Chen, and Jianfeng Chen. "A New Buckling-Restrained Brace with a Variable Cross-Section Core." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (December 26, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4620430.
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In this paper, a new type of buckling-restrained brace characterized by a variable cross-section core (BRB-VCC) is proposed and investigated. The practical design equations of the BRB-VCC are derived based on mechanical and mathematical theories. Six specimens are designed and tested to clarify the mechanical behaviours of the BRB-VCC and to validate the reliability of the proposed equations. The test results show that (1) none of the specimens buckle under compression, as expected, and their ductilities and energy dissipation capacities are satisfactory; (2) the derived formulas are reliable and can be conveniently used in engineering practice; and (3) the yielding displacement of the BRB-VCC is approximately 70% that of the traditional TJ-1 buckling-restrained brace (BRB-TJ-1), which may yield earlier than the BRB-TJ-1 in concrete structures under the action of an earthquake.
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Muthukrishnan, Dharini, and Prabha Janakiraman. "Successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemically administered methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac: a rare case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221459.
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The incidence and diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy is on rise because of rising caesarean section rates. Though many modalities are available for its management, none seems to be superior and data regarding them are also lacking. Here we are presenting a rare case report of successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemic methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac.
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Steele, Russell W., James R. McConnell, Richard F. Jacobs, and John R. Mawk. "Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis: Coronal Thin-Section Cranial Computed Tomography to Delineate Anatomic Defects." Pediatrics 76, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.6.950.
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Three patients with histories of recurrent bacterial meningitis were previously examined with skull and sinus radiographs, routine cranial computed tomography, intrathecal radioisotope tracer studies, and immunologic evaluation. None of these studies were diagnostic. Pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic penicillin therapy were ineffective in preventing recurrent episodes in two cases. Thin-section (2-mm) direct coronal computed cranial tomography demonstrated anatomic defects in all three patients. The use of metrizamide cisternography was not necessary to diagnose the defects. All patients had basiethmoidal encephaloceles which were repaired surgically. Direct coronal computed tomography offers a relatively easy noninvasive method for delineating anatomic abnormalities in patients with recurrent meningitis.
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Cummings, James. "Strong ultrapowers and long core models." Journal of Symbolic Logic 58, no. 1 (March 1993): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275336.
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In his paper [7] Steel asked whether there can exist a normal measure U on a cardinal κ such thatWe use Reverse Easton forcing to show that this is consistent from a P2κ hypermeasure; we also show that the result is sharp, using the core model for nonoverlapping coherent extender sequences.The proof uses forcing technology due to Woodin.In this section we collect some facts that are useful in the forcing constructions of the next section. None of them are due to us, and we are unsure to whom they should be attributed for the most part. We give sketchy proofs; the reader who wants to see more details is referred to [2].
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Pillay, Anand. "First order topological structures and theories." Journal of Symbolic Logic 52, no. 3 (September 1987): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022481200029741.
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In this paper we introduce the notion of a first order topological structure, and consider various possible conditions on the complexity of the definable sets in such a structure, drawing several consequences thereof.Our aim is to develop, for a restricted class of unstable theories, results analogous to those for stable theories. The “material basis” for such an endeavor is the analogy between the field of real numbers and the field of complex numbers, the former being a “nicely behaved” unstable structure and the latter the archetypal stable structure. In this sense we try here to situate our work on o-minimal structures [PS] in a general topological context. Note, however, that the p-adic numbers, and structures definable therein, will also fit into our analysis.In the remainder of this section we discuss several ways of studying topological structures model-theoretically. Eventually we fix on the notion of a structure in which the topology is “explicitly definable” in the sense of Flum and Ziegler [FZ]. In §2 we introduce the hypothesis that every definable set is a Boolean combination of definable open sets. In §3 we introduce a “dimension rank” on (closed) definable sets. In §4 we consider structures on which this rank is defined, and for which also every definable set has a finite number of definably connected definable components. We show that prime models over sets exist under such conditions.
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Eisenhut, Sebastian, Marcel Klaus, Johannes Baggemann, Ulrich Rücker, Yannick Beßler, Alexander Schwab, Christoph Haberstroh, et al. "Cryostat for the provision of liquid hydrogen with a variable ortho-para ratio for a low-dimensional cold neutron moderator." EPJ Web of Conferences 231 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023104001.
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A significant contribution to the enhancement of the neutron brilliance achievable with Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources (CANS) can be made by an optimized cold moderator design. When using liquid para-H2 as the moderating medium, the concept of low-dimensional cold moderators can be employed to increase the neutron brightness (as currently foreseen at the European Spallation Source ESS). Para-H2 shows a drop in the scattering cross section by about one order of magnitude around 15 meV, resulting in a large deviation between the mean free paths of thermal and cold neutrons. Taking advantage of this effect, the cold moderator geometry can be optimized to allow the intake of thermal neutrons through a relatively large envelope surface and then extracting them in an efficient way towards the neutron guides. One drawback of this solution is the lack of thermalization of the cold neutrons. In the context of the HBS (High Brilliance Neutron Source) project, efforts are made to overcome this problem by increasing the scattering cross section of the H2 in a defined way. The idea is to admix small amounts of ortho-H2, which maintains its large scattering cross section in the region below 15 meV. Like this, the neutron spectrum can be shifted towards lower energies and adjusted for the needs of the respective instruments. In a cooperation between TU Dresden and FZ Jülich, an experimental setup has been created to prove the feasibility of this concept. The main component of the experimental setup is a LHe-cooled flow cryostat that enables the separate condensation of a para-H2 and a normal-H2 flow and a subsequent mixing of the two in precise proportions. The resulting LH2 mixture at 17 - 20 K is fed into a small cold moderator vessel (approx. 200 ml). In this work, the current status of the setup is presented. The construction and commissioning of the mixing cryostat have been completed and first test runs show that different ortho-para-H2 mixtures can be produced. In the near future, the system will be ready for measurements at a neutron source.
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van Gelderen, Elly. "The Northumbrian Old English glosses." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 72, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00024.gel.
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Abstract The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of Northumbrian Old English of the 10th century, of the nature of external influence, and of the authorship of the glosses. This introduction provides a background to these three areas. Most of the introduction and contributions examine the Lindisfarne Glosses with some discussion of the Rushworth and Durham Glosses. Section 2 shows that the Lindisfarne glossator often adds a (first and second person) pronoun where the Latin has none but allows third person null subjects. Therefore, although the Latin original has obvious influence, Old English grammar comes through. Section 3 reviews the loss of third person -th verbal inflection in favor of -s, especially in Matthew. This reduction may be relevant to the role of external (Scandinavian and British Celtic) influence and is also interesting when the language of the Lindisfarne and Durham Glosses is compared. In Section 4, the use of overt pronouns, relatives, and demonstratives shows an early use of th-pronouns, casting doubt on a Norse origin of they. Section 5 looks at negation mainly from a northern versus southern perspective and Section 6 sums up. Section 7 previews the other contributions and their major themes, namely possible external (Latin, Norse, or British Celtic) influence, the linguistic differences among glossators, the spacing of ‘prefixes’ as evidence for grammaticalization, and the role of doublets.
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OKUDAIRA, RYUJI, and ANDREW HUXLEY. "A Burmese tract on kingship: political theory in the 1782 manuscript of Manugye." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64, no. 2 (June 2001): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x01000143.
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In 1782, the year of King Badon's coronation, someone close to the Burmese palace wrote a legal manuscript. This paper gives a translation of and commentary on that section of the manuscript dealing with kingship. By tracing the sources of the material used, it contributes to the debate about the sources of Burmese political philosophy. Was precolonial Burmese political thought primarily Hindu, primarily Buddhist, primarily Indian or none of the above?
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S., Bebincy D., and Chitra J. "Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal cesarean section in surgical morbidity in a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173450.
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Background: To test the advantages of extraperitoneal cesarean section over transperitoneal cesarean section.Methods: It is a single blinded prospective study. Women who were planned for emergency LSCS in the department of OG, Kanyakumari Government Medical College, Asaripallam were randomly allocated into extraperitoneal cesarean section (ECS) (n=80) or transperitoneal cesarean section (TCS) (n=80) from November 2015 to January 2017 and evaluated.Results: Even though the time taken to deliver the baby was more in ECS group (Average 4:57 minutes) than TCS group (Average 2:05 minutes, there is no change in Apgar score at 1 minute. The postoperative pain measured by VAS was lesser (4.28) in ECS than TCS (7.06). Bowel function returned early in ECS (8.687 hours) than in TCS (16.487 hours) group. None of the cases in ECS group had peroperative vomiting or post-operative wound infection.Conclusions: So, we can conclude that ECS is a better method in experienced hands than the TCS in selected cases.
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Dharia, Mehul A., Jeffrey E. Bischoff, Jim Woodburn, Scott Telfer, and Amir A. Al-Munajjed. "Patient and Surgical Variability Influences Loading Across Metatarsal Osteotomy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00164.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: A metatarsal osteotomy is sometimes used to correct hallux valgus deformities in the foot, by placing an angular bone graft or spacer in the osteotomy wedge held together using an osteotomy plate. Information on loads through the osteotomy is essential to ensure that the device is adequately tested to perform safely. This study used a validated musculoskeletal computer model of the lower extremities [J Biomech Eng. 2015] with a detailed foot section [Carbes, ISB 2011, Brussels], for evaluating loads across the 1st metatarsal osteotomy during the stance phase of walking gait. This study also evaluates the effect of anatomic variability (osteotomy location relative to anatomical landmarks) and surgical variability (plane of the osteotomy cut) on the peak loading across the osteotomy. Methods: The foot section of the model included 26 bones and major soft tissue structures (Figure 1a), resulting in more than 75 forces acting on the 1st metatarsal. Four healthy patient specific models were analyzed (body weight: 774±73 N; foot length: 246±16 mm), for five osteotomy planes. The osteotomy plane perpendicular to the long axis of the 1st metatarsal (posterior- anterior) was considered a neutral-N osteotomy. Four additional planes were considered to capture surgical variability of 5 degrees in abduction-AB, adduction-AD, dorsiflexion-DF and plantarflexion-PF. Compressive (Fx) and shear (Fy, Fz) forces as well as three moments: varus/valgus (Mx), flexion/extension (My) and internal/external rotation (Mz) were predicted in body weight (BW) multiples. Anatomic variability (standard deviation in peak values between patients, averaged across all osteotomies) and surgical variability (Standard deviation in peak values between osteotomies, averaged across all patients) were computed for the peak force and moment components. Results: Similar trends for peak forces and moments were predicted for all patients. An average of 2.2xBW peak force was predicted along the long axis of the 1st metatarsal (Fx) at 50% gait position (Figure 1b, 1c). The predicted shear forces (Fy, Fz) were much lower than the axial compressive force (Fx). The average moment predictions were similar among all five osteotomy planes, with peak moments predicted in the internal/external direction (My) at 43% and 55% of gait positions. Thus, load variability due to patient anatomy and surgical cuts were studied for Fx and My (Figure 1c). Load variability between patients of 18% and 21% were predicted for the Fx and My, respectively. The highest surgical variability of 7% and 3% were predicted for Fx and My. Conclusion: A validated musculoskeletal computer model can be used to inform physiological loading across the 1st metatarsal osteotomy throughout gait, which can be used to evaluate the device safety. The model further helps to understand the influence of anatomical and surgical variability on the peak loading passing through the 1st metatarsal osteotomy, providing guidance in surgical planning. Although peak loading passing through the 1st metatarsal osteotomy is affected by both anatomical as well as surgical variability, it was influenced more by anatomical variability than surgical. This modeling approach can be used to evaluate loading for patients with numerous specific disorders.
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Gouvea, Rodrigo A. dos S. "Physicalism without identity." Trans/Form/Ação 43, no. 2 (June 2020): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2020.v43n2.14.p253.
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Abstract This paper presents and discusses the most influential attempts to characterize physicalism without postulating relations of identity between the physical and the prima facie non-physical. The first section deals with a possible criticism that these attempts are misguided, since they contradict the physicalist slogan “everything there is physical.” In the second section, I elucidate the different formulations of the physicalist supervenience claim, and argue that none of them consists in an adequate characterization of physicalism. Three reasons are given in favor of this conclusion: their compatibility with forms of dualism (or pluralism); the fact that the supervenience relation is left unexplained; and Kim’s causal exclusion argument, which asserts that merely supervenient entities (i.e., ones that are not in identity relations with strictly physical entities) must be epiphenomenal. The third section presents the general features of another identity-independent attempt to characterize physicalism, namely realization physicalism. According to this view, tokens of prima facie non-physical types are realized by tokens of strictly physical types performing functional roles that specify the nature of the former. The third section also shows how realization physicalism deals with the objections that make physicalist supervenience claims inadequate for characterizing physicalism.
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Acharya, S., DK Uprety, HP Pokharel, R. Amatya, and R. Rai. "Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization: A Randomized Control Trial." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (January 3, 2013): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7337.
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Background Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with high incidence of urinary tract infections, discomfort, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay. Objective To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization. Methods A prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out from April 2008 to March 2009, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Among 150 patients who had undergone cesarean section 75 were catheterized and 75 were uncatheterized. Results First void discomfort was significantly associated with the use of indwelling catheter (OR 6.95, CI 95 %, 3.74 to 12.95; P< 0.001).Significant number of patients with indwelling catheter had signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (OR 6,CI 95%, 2.59 to 13. 86; P < 0.001). Positive urinalysis for urinary tract infection was high in catheterized group (P <0.001). Hospital stay was shorter in patients without catheter (p < 0.05). None of the patients had bladder injury. There were no significant differences in duration of surgery and ambulation time between two groups of patients. Conclusions Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | Vol.10 | No. 2 | Issue 38 | Apr – June 2012 | Page 18-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7337