Journal articles on the topic 'FX'
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Kellner, Markus, and Fabian Liebel. "FX-Kredit: ausreichende Bestimmheit des FX-Betrags." Zeitschrift für das gesamte Bank- und Börsenwesen 70, no. 10 (2022): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.47782/oeba202210077601.
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Kellner, Markus, and Fabian Liebel. "FX-Kredit: ausreichende Bestimmheit des FX-Betrags." Zeitschrift für das gesamte Bank- und Börsenwesen 71, no. 3 (2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47782/oeba202303020401.
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Brady, Ciaran, John Bradley, and A. T. Lucas. "Special FX." Books Ireland, no. 160 (1992): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20626596.
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Atkinson, David. "Special FX." Manufacturing Management 2023, no. 1-2 (February 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2514-9768(23)90375-3.
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Tudball, Dan. "Special FX." Wilmott 2017, no. 90 (July 2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10604.
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Poulsen, Rolf. "Special FX." Wilmott 2018, no. 95 (May 2018): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10673.
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Wystup, Uwe. "FX Greeks." Wilmott 2019, no. 99 (January 2019): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10733.
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Noguchi, Kengo, Shin-ichi Takahashi, Hiroaki Ishihara, Yoshiyuki Morishima, Toshiro Shibano, Yasuo Ikeda, and Mitsuru Murata. "Impact of Factor × Mutations on the Activity of Edoxaban." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3321.3321.
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Abstract Abstract 3321 Background: Edoxaban is a direct inhibitor of factor Xa (FXa), and its efficacy as an oral anti-coagulant agent is less likely to be affected by food intake or drug-drug interaction. This profile of edoxaban suggests a good compliance in clinical use.However it is not clear whether genetic variations of FX influence the efficacy of edoxaban. Objectives: To investigate the possible inter-patient variability in the efficacy of edoxaban stemming from SNPs in the FX gene, we characterized the enzyme activity of FXa derived from wild type FX (FX-WT) and from FX with two known mutations, A152T (FX-A152T) and G192R (FX-G192R). The impact of FX mutations were also tested on the pharmacological activity of edoxaban. Methods: Among known FX SNPs in the NCBI dbSNP database, two non-synonymous SNPs are located inside mature FX, rs3211772 (allele frequency: 0.006) and rs3211783 (allele frequency: 0.022), corresponding to A152T and G192R. The former located inside the light chain and the latter located inside the activation peptide of FX. We selected these two SNPs and examined whether they might influence on the efficacy of edoxaban. We prepared recombinant FX proteins of FX-WT, FX-A152T and FX-G192R. We measured the enzyme activities of these FXa and the anti-FXa and anticoagulant effects of edoxaban on these FXa. Recombinant FX proteins were activated with Russell's viper venom factor × activator and FXa activity was measured using a chromogenic substrate S-2222. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured using FX-deficient plasma supplemented with recombinant FX proteins with a coagulometer CA-50. Results: Km values of FX-WT, FX-A152T and FX-G192R FXa were 0.55, 0.53 and 0.54 nM, respectively, Vmax of FX-WT, FX-A152T and FX-G192R FXa were 21.0, 21.8 and 21.4 mOD/min, respectively. PTs of plasma containing these mutations were 25.2 (FX-WT), 24.2 (FX-A152T) and 24.1 (FX-G192R) seconds. aPTTs of plasma containing the mutated FXs were 76.7 (FX-WT), 77.3 (FX-A152T) and 72.6 (FX-G192R) seconds. These data indicated that these mutations do not affect the basal FXa catalytic activity and coagulation activity. The Ki values of edoxaban for the mutated Fxas, the concentrations of edoxaban required to double the PT (PTCT2) and aPTT (aPTTCT2) in plasma containing the mutated FXs did not affected by two FX mutarions (Table 1). These data demonstrated that those mutations have no impact on the anticoagulant activity of edoxaban. Conclusions: Two FX mutations, A152T and G192R, do not affect the basal FXa catalytic activity and coagulation activity. Edoxaban acts equally on FX-WT, FX-A152T and FX-G192R. It is suggested that edoxaban has little inter-patient variability stemming from SNPs in FX gene. Disclosures: Noguchi: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Takahashi:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Ishihara: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Morishima:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Shibano:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment.
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Muczynski, Vincent, Sebastien Verhenne, Caterina Casari, Ghislaine Chérel, Laurence Panicot-Dubois, Paul Gueguen, Marc Trossaert, et al. "A Thrombin-Activatable Factor X Variant Corrects Hemostasis in a Mouse Model for Hemophilia A." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 119, no. 12 (October 22, 2019): 1981–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697662.
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AbstractEngineered recombinant factor X (FX) variants represent a promising strategy to bypass the tenase complex and restore hemostasis in hemophilia patients. Previously, a thrombin-activatable FX variant with fibrinopeptide-A replacing the activation peptide (FX-delAP/FpA) has been described in this regard. Here we show that FX-delAP/FpA is characterized by a sixfold shorter circulatory half-life compared with wild-type FX, limiting its therapeutical applicability. We therefore designed a variant in which the FpA sequence is inserted C-terminal to the FX activation peptide (FX/FpA). FX/FpA displayed a similar survival to wt-FX in clearance experiments and could be converted into FX by thrombin and other activating agents. In in vitro assays, FX/FpA efficiently restored thrombin generation in hemophilia A and hemophilia B plasmas, even in the presence of inhibitory antibodies. Expression following hydrodynamic gene transfer of FX/FpA restored thrombus formation in FVIII-deficient mice in a laser-induced injury model as well as hemostasis in a tail-clip bleeding model. Hemostasis after tail transection in FVIII-deficient mice was also corrected at 5 and 90 minutes after injection of purified FX/FpA. Our data indicate that FX/FpA represents a potential tenase-bypassing agent for the treatment of hemophilia patients with or without inhibitors.
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O’Brien, Thomas. "Interactive trilateral foreign exchange exposure: insights from scenario analysis." Managerial Finance 45, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 856–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2018-0566.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present scenarios of interactive trilateral foreign exchange (FX) exposure, where a company’s exposures to two foreign currencies depend on those currencies’ FX rate with each other. Design/methodology/approach A pro forma analysis of three-way FX rate changes illustrates interactive trilateral FX exposure and generates observations for a multivariate regression estimation of FX exposure coefficients. Findings The multivariate regression estimates of FX exposure provide the basis for a useful financial hedging strategy for interactive trilateral FX exposure. Some of the FX exposure estimates have surprising signs and magnitudes. Research limitations/implications Scenario analysis does not result in a general theory of interactive FX exposure, but the study’s diverse and rich scenarios may provide helpful insights to theoretical and empirical researchers. Practical implications The scenarios relate to many common real-world situations and thus may help managers and educators better understand how to manage FX exposure. Originality/value The topic of interactive FX exposure is under-researched and under-covered in contemporary textbooks or the applied finance literature.
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Wulff, Karin, Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Khalida Saud, Fateh Al-Gaili, Falko Herrmann, and Akram Al-Hilali. "Analysis of the novel factor X gene mutation Glu51Lys in two families with factor X-Riyadh anomaly." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 97, no. 04 (2007): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th06-09-0532.
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SummaryTwo families with 'factor X(FX)-Riyadh' have been identified (one of them related to the originally reported family). Affected members of both families exhibit prolongation in prothrombin time (PT) with normal partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and low assay levels of FX, when measured by PT-based assay. They do not have clinical bleeding diathesis, regardless of the PT prolongation. FX genes of the affected family members were analyzed by sequence analysis. A novel missense mutation in exon 4 of the FX gene, which causes the Glu51Lys substitution in the first epidermal growth factor-like domain of FX was found. The Glu51Lys mutation represents a type II mutation with low FX coagulant activity in the extrinsic pathway and normal FX antigen levels. This mutation may result in disruption of the predicted H-bonding between residue Glu51 of FX and the Asn199 residue of the tissue factor (TF) in the FX/TF/factorVIIa ternary complex, producing the phenotype 'FX deficiency Riyadh', with prolonged PT and normal PTT.
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Bernardi, F., G. Marchetti, P. Patracchini, S. Volinia, D. Gemmati, P. Simioni, and A. Girolami. "Partial gene deletion in a family with factor X deficiency." Blood 73, no. 8 (June 1, 1989): 2123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.8.2123.2123.
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Abstract The presence of gene lesions in coagulation factor X (FX, Stuart factor) was investigated in patients with FX deficiency or an FX abnormality (FX Friuli). The proposita had a heterozygous partial deletion of the FX gene with severe deficiency of FX activity and antigen. The lesion, which was inherited from her mother, removes the 3′ portion of the gene coding for the catalytic domain of the factor. In this family, two differently affected FX genes are present, leading to double heterozygosity of the proposita and thus excluding consanguinity of parents. An apparently normal gene structure was observed in the other patient with FX abnormality, suggesting the presence of a small gene lesion.
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Bernardi, F., G. Marchetti, P. Patracchini, S. Volinia, D. Gemmati, P. Simioni, and A. Girolami. "Partial gene deletion in a family with factor X deficiency." Blood 73, no. 8 (June 1, 1989): 2123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.8.2123.bloodjournal7382123.
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The presence of gene lesions in coagulation factor X (FX, Stuart factor) was investigated in patients with FX deficiency or an FX abnormality (FX Friuli). The proposita had a heterozygous partial deletion of the FX gene with severe deficiency of FX activity and antigen. The lesion, which was inherited from her mother, removes the 3′ portion of the gene coding for the catalytic domain of the factor. In this family, two differently affected FX genes are present, leading to double heterozygosity of the proposita and thus excluding consanguinity of parents. An apparently normal gene structure was observed in the other patient with FX abnormality, suggesting the presence of a small gene lesion.
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Dewerchin, Mieke, Zhong Liang, Lieve Moons, Peter Carmeliet, Francis Castellino, Désiré Collen, and Elliot Rosen. "Blood Coagulation Factor X Deficiency Causes Partial Embryonic Lethality and Fatal Neonatal Bleeding in Mice." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, no. 02 (2000): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613783.
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SummaryMice with a total deficiency in blood coagulation Factor X (FX) were generated by targeted replacement of an 18-kb fragment of the FX gene, comprising all exons encoding the mature FX protein, with a neor cassette. The genotype distribution among the offspring from heterozygous breeding pairs suggested that FX deficiency resulted in partial embryonic lethality, with approximately one-third of the FX −/− embryos dying around embryonic day (E) 11.5-12.5. Two of 44 non-resorbed FX −/− embryos analyzed at these stages showed signs of massive bleeding, one of which into the brain ventricles, but no histological defects in the vasculature of these embryos or their yolk sac were observed. The remainder of the FX −/− embryos appeared normal and survived to term, but the majority of neonates (90%) died within 5 days, most frequently from intraabdominal bleeding. The remaining FX −/− animals succumbed between postnatal day (P)5 and P20 with intraabdominal, subcutaneous, or intracranial bleeding or a combination thereof. The lethal phenotype of the FX −/− mice illustrates the importance of FX function in embryonic and postnatal survival and demonstrates that these mice serve as effective models of the bleeding disorders observed in severe FX deficiency in humans.
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Chen, Yaxin, Niaoniao He, Ting Yang, Shuyun Cai, Yi Zhang, Jinjing Lin, Mingqing Huang, Weizhu Chen, Yiping Zhang, and Zhuan Hong. "Fucoxanthin Loaded in Palm Stearin- and Cholesterol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Microcapsules, with Improved Stability and Bioavailability In Vivo." Marine Drugs 20, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20040237.
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Fucoxanthin (FX) is a marine carotenoid that has proven to be a promising marine drug due to the multiple bioactivities it possesses. However, the instability and poor bioavailability of FX greatly limit its application in pharmaceuticals or functional foods. In this study, the creative construction of a solid lipid nanoparticle-microcapsule delivery system using mixed lipids of palm stearin and cholesterol wrapped with gelatin/Arabic gum to load lipophilic FX was fabricated, aiming to improve the stability and bioavailability of FX. The results showed that the encapsulated efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (LC) of optimized FX microcapsules (FX-MCs) obtained were as high as 96.24 ± 4.60% and 0.85 ± 0.04%, respectively, after single-factor experiments. The average particle size was 1154 ± 54 nm with negative Zeta potential (−20.71 ± 0.93 mV) as depicted with size-zeta potential spectrometer. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) results indicated that FX-MC has a higher Tg and slower weight loss than FX monomers (FX crystal) and blank MCs. Besides, The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) confirmed the good double encapsulation of FX into the solid lipid and composite coacervate. Moreover, the encapsulated FX showed higher storage stability, sustained release (55.02 ± 2.80% release in 8 h), and significantly improved bioavailability (712.33%) when compared to free FX. The research results can provide a principle theoretical basis for the development and application of FX in pharmaceuticals or functional foods.
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Salminen, Kari. "FX + 3D = VT." Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 4, no. 2-3 (September 1, 1991): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.119845.
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Krishnan.S, Muthu, Angelin Ranjithamani.D, and Deepa .C. "FX Event Organization." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100216.
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Online event management system is an online event management system software project that serves the functionality of an event manager. The system allows registered user login and new users are allowed to register on the application. The system helps in the management of events, users and the aspects related to them. This proposed to be a web application. The project provides most of the basic functionality required for an event type e.g. [technical,Non-technical events,etc]. College students are advanced in thinking, who are senior and specialized professionals trained by the nation. They have independent thinking skills, and often have unique views and opinions on events. In this paper, an index is constructed to solve the difficulty of monitoring the ideological dynamics of college students, since the ideological dynamics of college students is difficulty to be captured. In particular, a visualization management information system is developed to monitor the ideological dynamics of college students based on big data. This system is based on the B/S architecture, which uses the SQL Server database. This system realizes the functions of index modification, document entry, word segmentation statistics, index correlation, keyword search, index analysis, document analysis.
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Masood, H. Mohamed, J. Abalin Luther, and R. Kejapriya. "FX Healthy Physical." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100226.
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All are aware of the saying “health is wealth”. No one in this world is perfectly alright in case of health. Each and Every is suffering from some or the other sickness. More applications are being used through the mobile devices. The study was to analyze healthy projects from the viewpoint of the planning, implementation and evaluation of the projects. The purpose was to generate knowledge about the work done in projects that can be utilized in Health physica l management.
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Padmanaban, Sujitha, and Muppidathi Priya. "FX Job Recruitment." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100227.
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In this project present a secure and privacy-preserving access control to users, which guarantee any member in a group to anonymously utilize the cloud resource. Moreover, the real identities of data owners can be revealed by the group manager when disputes occur. In this project provide rigorous security analysis, and perform extensive simulations to demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme in terms of storage and computation overhead. Cloud computing provides an economical and efficient solution for sharing group resource among cloud users. Unfortunately, sharing data in a multi-job portal manner while preserving data and identity privacy from an un trusted cloud is still a challenging issue, due to the frequent change of the membership . The major aims of this method a secure multi-owner data sharing scheme. It implies that any user in the group can securely share data with others by the un trusted cloud. This scheme is able to support dynamic groups. Efficiently, specifically, new granted users can directly decrypt data files uploaded before their participation without contacting with data owners. User revocation can be easily achieved through a novel revocation list without updating the secret Keys of the remaining users. The size and computation overhead of encryption are constant and Independent with the number of revoked users. Job portal is developed for creating an interactive job vacancy for candidates. This web application is to be conceived in its current form as a dynamic site-requiring constant updates both from the seekers as well as the companies. On the whole the objective of the project is to enable jobseekers to place their resumes and companies to publish their vacancies.
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White, Raymond R. "Periprosthetic FX ORIF." Techniques in Orthopaedics 28, no. 3 (September 2013): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bto.0b013e3182a4e12c.
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Karnaukh, Nina, Angelo Ranaldo, and Paul Söderlind. "Understanding FX Liquidity." Review of Financial Studies 28, no. 11 (May 13, 2015): 3073–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv029.
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Pinotti, Mirko, Rodney Camire, Marcello Baroni, Anna Rajab, Giovanna Marchetti, and Francesco Bernardi. "Impaired prothrombinase activity of factor X Gly381Asp results in severe familial CRM+ FX deficiency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 89, no. 02 (2003): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613438.
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SummaryWe investigated three members of a large Omani family affected by severe factor X (FX) deficiency (coagulant activity <1%) and showing marked differences in the onset of severe hemorrhagic symptoms. All patients were homozygous for a novel FX mutation (Gly381Asp) in the structurally conserved region of the serine protease active site. Expression levels of recombinant 381D-FX were similar to those of wt-FX, indicating the presence of a severe CRM+ FX deficiency, a poorly investigated condition. The 381D-FX was normally activated and did not show a detectable amidolytic activity. Instead, we observed a residual activity in a prothrombin-time based assay (1%) and in prothrombinase assays both in plasma (1%) and in purified systems (3%). Comparison with FX variants characterized by reduced activation suggests that mutations affecting FX activity might result in a more pronounced impairment of coagulation and thus in severe hemorrhagic phenotype. In addition, this study indicates that the hemorrhagic heterogeneity observed in FX deficiencies is only partially explained by molecular analysis of FX gene.
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Sui, Yue, Yue Gu, Yujing Lu, Chenxu Yu, Jie Zheng, and Hang Qi. "Fucoxanthin@Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanoparticles Promoted Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Caco-2 Human Colon Cancer Cells." Marine Drugs 19, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020092.
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Fucoxanthin (FX), a natural carotenoid found in seaweed with multiple functional activities, is unstable with a poor water solubility that limits its utilization. This study aimed to improve FX’s stability and bioavailability via the nano-encapsulation of FX in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated FX@PVP nanoparticles (NPs). The FX@PVP NPs were evaluated in terms of their morphology, stability, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and in vitro release to optimize the encapsulation parameters, and a 1:8 FX:PVP ratio was found to perform the best with the highest EE (85.50 ± 0.19%) and LC (10.68 ± 0.15%) and improved FX stability. In addition, the FX@PVP NPs were shown to effectively deliver FX into Caco-2 cancer cells, and the accumulation of FX in these cancer cells showed pro-oxidative activities to ameliorate H2O2-induced damage and cell death. The FX@PVP NPs could potentially become a new therapeutical approach for targeted cancer treatment.
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Pinotti, M., G. Marchetti, M. Baroni, F. Cinotti, M. Morfini, and F. Bernardi. "Reduced Activation of the Gla19Ala FX Variant via the Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway Results in Symptomatic CRMred FX Deficiency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no. 08 (2002): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613193.
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SummaryWe characterized a symptomatic CRMred factor X (FX) deficiency produced by the Glu19Ala mutation in the γ-carboxyglutamic-rich domain. FX activity levels in plasma were markedly reduced in prothrombin time assays (< 1-5%), whereas in activated partial thromboplastin assays (16%) and in RVV assays (17%) the reduction in activity mirrored that in antigen levels (17%). Activation of recombinant 19Ala-FX by factor IXa/factor VIIIa or RVV, and the activity in thrombin generation assays, were comparable to those of wild-type FX. Differently, complete activation of recombinant 19AlaFX required a factor VIIa/TF concentration 30-fold higher than that of wild-type FX. The recombinant FVIIa significantly reduced PT values in 19Ala-FX reconstituted plasma, thus suggesting an alternative approach for treatment of FX deficiencies characterized by defective FX activation.The study of this FX deficiency provides an “in vivo” and “in vitro” model for the investigation of Gla domain interactions.
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Tai, Shing Jen, Parker Hudson, Christian Furlan Freguia, and Katherine A. High. "Expression of Blood Coagulation Factor X Is Not Liver-Restricted." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1939.1939.
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Abstract Factor X (FX) is a vitamin K-dependent clotting factor that plays a critical role in blood coagulation by catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Although predominantly found in liver, expression of FX is not liver-restricted as shown in previous studies (JBC271:2323–2331, 1996; EMBO J.11:467–472, 1992). Expression of FX was also detected in whole mouse embryo extracts by RT-PCR as early as E7.5, prior to the formation of a liver bud (TH84:1023–1030, 2000). Other studies have suggested additional biological functions for FX that are independent of its role in blood coagulation, including stimulation of mitogenic activity in endothelial cells, enhancement of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) release from vascular smooth muscle cells, induction of cytokine production, and up-regulation of the early growth response-1 (egr-1) gene transcription. FX-knockout [FX (−/−)] mice generated by our group as well as by Dewerchin et al. showed partial embryonic lethality beginning as early as E10.5 and fatal perinatal bleeding in the remaining FX (−/−) mice surviving to term. However, as for several other coagulation-related knock-out mice, the exact cause of embryonic lethality observed in some FX (−/−) mice remains to be deciphered. In light of these observations, we sought to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of FX expression in both developing and adult mice. Our preliminary studies, utilizing the combined techniques of Northern blot analysis, immuno-histochemistry, and in situ hybridization revealed the following. Northern blot analysis of mRNA isolated from different tissues of wild-type (+/+) adult mice showed FX transcript in multiple tissues including liver, stomach, spleen, lung, colon, ovaries, placenta, and heart (in decreasing levels of FX expression). Results of immuno-histochemistry on selective adult mouse tissues were similar to the results of Northern blot analysis with the exception of kidney, in which we found FX protein in the cortical, but not in the medullary region. Specifically, we noted expression of FX protein in the bronchi/bronchioles of the lung, and selective cells in the myocardium and in pancreas. However, despite detection of FX transcript in spleen and placenta, we failed to detect FX protein in either of these tissues. In developing embryos, immuno-histochemistry revealed expression of FX protein in liver, small intestines, and thymus for wild-type E14.5 paraffin-embedded sagittal sections, and expression of FX protein in liver and selective cells within the brain for E15.5 sagittal sections. Additionally, we carried out in situ hybridization of paraffin-embedded sagittal sections, using digoxigenin-labeled Factor X antisense riboprobe constructed from a 1 kb fragment of the 5′ end of the murine FX cDNA (identical to the probe used in Northern blot). For E12.5 embryos, FX transcript was found predominantly in the liver. For E14.5 embryos, we detected FX transcript not only in the liver, but also in the kidney (specifically in the primitive glomeruli). For E15.5 embryos, we noted FX transcripts in liver, lung, and selective cells in the brain. Already in progress, additional studies including both FX (+/+) and FX (−/−) embryos at earlier stages of development (for example E9.5 to E13.5) and additional adult tissues should provide a more complete delineation of the spatial and temporal patterns of FX expression in mouse development and adulthood. In conclusion, expression of murine FX is not restricted to liver during embryonic development or during adulthood.
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Cordes, Stefan F., Morie A. Gertz, Francis K. Buadi, Yi Lin, Martha Q. Lacy, Prashant Kapoor, Shaji K. Kumar, et al. "Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation In Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis With Factor X Deficien." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2151.2151.
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Abstract Background Acquired factor X (FX) deficiency is associated with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis and may be accompanied by hemorrhage. There are limited data on the effects of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) on FX deficiency. We reviewed hemorrhagic complications and the effect of high dose melphalan (HDM) and ASCT on FX levels in AL amyloidosis patients with FX deficiency. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with AL amyloid with FX levels below 60%, not on chronic anti-coagulation who underwent HDM/ASCT at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN between 1995 and 2011. Results Forty-one of 358 patients (11%) met our study criteria. Median pre-ASCT FX was 45% (range: 2%, 59%). The most common bleeding complication was central line associated n=15 (37%) followed by gastrointestinal n=10 (24%) and genitourinary n=9 (22%). The most frequent and severe bleeding complications occurred in patients with FX levels less than 10%. Four patients required emergent splenectomy owing to splenic rupture; one of these patients died from hemorrhagic shock. Periprocedural prophylaxis included activated recombinant Factor VII (rFVIIa) infusions, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusions and platelet transfusions. rFVIIa was efficacious in controlling bleeding during splenectomy (n=5) and, in conjunction with arterial embolization, for retroperitoneal bleed (n=1). Elective splenectomy for FX deficiency (n=1) resulted in only transient improvement in FX level. No relationship between the degree of pre-ASCT FX deficiency and other laboratory values (alkaline phosphatase, AST, total bilirubin, serum albumin, total serum protein, serum creatinine, total urine protein, beta2 microglobulin, troponin T) was found. Post-ASCT FX levels were determined in seventeen patients. In four of these patients, post-ASCT FX levels were determined in the acute/subacute phase of ASCT before steady state FX levels could be achieved; the median change in FX for these patients was -6.5% (range: -19%, 3%). In the remaining thirteen patients, who were between 99 and 1920 days from ASCT, FX improved by median 26% (range: -15%, 92%). Overall post-ASCT FX increased in twelve of thirteen (92%) patients. The improvement in FX correlated with improvement in the degree of proteinuria (p = 0.04) and showed a trend towards significant correlation with improvement in serum alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.06). Conclusions Hemorrhagic complications are most frequent and severe for FX levels below 10%. rFVIIa infusions, FFP and platelets were effective prophylactic agents. In the single patient who underwent elective splenectomy, a transient improvement in FX level was seen. Splenectomy was otherwise reserved for patients with splenic rupture/hematoma. Post-ASCT FX levels increased in twelve (92.3%) of the remaining thirteen patients; five of the patients (38.5%) were no longer FX deficient after ASCT. The degree of improvement in FX levels was correlated with improvement in markers of renal or hepatic involvement by amyloid. Disclosures: Kumar: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Glueck, C. J., H. I. Glueck, L. Mieczkowski, T. Tracy, J. Speirs, and D. Stroop. "Familial High Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor with Hypofibrinolysis, a New Pathophysiologic Cause of Osteonecrosis?" Thrombosis and Haemostasis 69, no. 05 (1993): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1651633.
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SummaryIn a 29 year old white male with osteonecrosis of both hips and a shoulder, and in his family, we measured basal and stimulated (10 min cuff venous occlusion at 100 mgHg) fibrinolytic activity to determine whether low fibrinolytic activity might be heritable and etiologically associated with osteonecrosis. The proband’s basal tPA-Fx was low, 0.08 IU/ml (normal 0.11-1.94), tPA-Ag was normal (11.6 ng/ml), plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI-Fx) was very high, 119 U/ml (normal 3.5-27), as was his plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen (PAI-Ag), 202 ng/ml (normal 3.2-37.1). The proband’s basal PAI-Fx (119) and PAI-Ag (202) were respectively 6 and 13 standard deviations greater than the mean PAI-Fx (17 ± 15 U/ml) and the mean PAI-Ag (25 ± 13 ng/ml) in 172 concomitantly studied hyperlipidemic men. Alpha-2 antiplasmin, fibrinogen, plasminogen and Lp(a) were normal. Despite lowering TG to 301 mg/dl, basal tPA-Fx remained low, 0.05; PAI-Fx and PAI-Ag remained very high (109 and 191). Following venous occlusion, stimulated tPA-Fx remained very low, 0.1 (normal 2.3-11.3), but tPA-Ag rose normally to 17 (normal 8.4-31.4); stimulated PAI-Fx and PAI-Ag were very high, 134 and 223, (normal PAI-Fx 3.6-24, PAI-Ag 12-96). Stimulated D-dimer was < the 10th percentile, 0.084 μg/ml. With such high PAI-Fx available to bind tPA, occlusionstimulated tPA-Fx could not rise, and fibrinolysis could not be initiated. Neither diseases nor drugs could explain the high PAI-Fx and PAI-Ag, low tPA-Fx, or osteonecrosis. The proband’s father, mother, and sister had very high basal PAI-Ag (240, 69, 66 ng/ml), high basal PAI-Fx (24, 24, 35 U/ml), and normal basal tPA-Fx (0.6, 1.0, and 0.2 IU/ml). Basal PAI-Ag, PAI-Fx, and tPA-Fx were normal in the proband’s son (13, 12, 0.3). The proband’s very high PAI-Fx and PAI-Ag appeared to be inherited, possibly as an autosomal dominant trait, producing hypofibrinolysis. We speculate that his osteonecrosis was caused by familial hypofibrinolysis mediated by high PAI, with subsequent inability to activate fibrinolysis, resulting in inadequate lysis of venous thrombi in bone, impaired bone venous circulation, and venous hypertension of bone characteristic of osteonecrosis.
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Dejhansathit, Siroj, and Attaya Suvannasankha. "Acquired Factor X Deficiency in Patients With Primary Light Chain Amyloidosis." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 232470961983233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709619832332.
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Acquired factor X (FX) deficiency is a rare but serious complication of primary amyloidosis, presumably caused by the binding of amyloid proteins to the clotting factors. The prolonged prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and low FX level, which are correctable by mixing study, are the disease hallmarks. An immediate goal of care is to stop bleeding. Clotting factor replacement requires close monitoring of coagulogram and FX levels due to varying FX clearance among patients. High-purity FX is currently approved for hereditary FX deficiency and has been successfully used in some acquired FX deficiency cases. Ongoing bleeding risk complicates the treatment decision. Novel therapies yielding rapid and deep response reduce amyloid protein production and improve long-term outcome.
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Harris, Victoria A., Weining Lin, and Stephen J. Perkins. "Analysis of 180 Genetic Variants in a New Interactive FX Variant Database Reveals Novel Insights into FX Deficiency." TH Open 05, no. 04 (October 2021): e557-e569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1704-0841.
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AbstractCoagulation factor X (FX), often termed as Stuart–Prower factor, is a plasma glycoprotein composed of the γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) domain, two epidermal growth factor domains (EGF-1 and EGF-2), and the serine protease (SP) domain. FX plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, activating thrombin to promote platelet plug formation and prevent excess blood loss. Genetic variants in FX disrupt coagulation and lead to FX or Stuart–Prower factor deficiency. To better understand the relationship between FX deficiency and disease severity, an interactive FX variant database has been set up at https://www.factorx-db.org , based on earlier web sites for the factor-XI and -IX coagulation proteins. To date (April 2021), we report 427 case reports on FX deficiency corresponding to 180 distinct F10 genetic variants. Of these, 149 are point variants (of which 128 are missense), 22 are deletions, 3 are insertions, and 6 are polymorphisms. FX variants are phenotypically classified as being type I or II. Type-I variants involve the simultaneous reduction of FX coagulant activity (FX:C) and FX antigen levels (FX:Ag), whereas type-II variants involve a reduction in FX:C with normal FX:Ag plasma levels. Both types of variants were distributed throughout the FXa protein structure. Analyses based on residue surface accessibilities showed the most damaging variants to occur at residues with low accessibilities. The interactive FX web database provides a novel easy-to-use resource for clinicians and scientists to improve the understanding of FX deficiency. Guidelines are provided for clinicians who wish to use the database for diagnostic purposes.
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Ahmad, Syed S., and Peter N. Walsh. "Lipid Raft Association of a Shared Factor X/Prothrombin Binding Site on Human Platelets Is Mediated by the Gla Domain." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.222.222.
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Factor X (FX) initially binds to a high-capacity, low-affinity platelet binding site shared with prothrombin (FII) which then presents FX to a specific, high-affinity site consisting of FVIIIa bound to a high-affinity, low-capacity receptor on activated platelets. We have demonstrated the localization of FX in lipid rafts and shown that FX-raft association requires Ca2+ and is enhanced by saturating concentrations of FVIIIa. Here we investigate FII-raft association and define the domains through which shared FX and FII sites are mediated on the surface of human platelets. Activated (thrombin receptor peptide, SFLLRN, 25 μM) gel-filtered platelets (3.5 x 108/ml) were incubated with 125I-FII or 125I-FX to determine direct platelet binding and then they were lysed with Triton-X100 (0.025-0.25%) followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. FII was localized to lipid rafts in SFLLRN stimulated (~25% total binding) but not to unactivated platelets. The optimal associations of FX and FII with lipid rafts required Ca2+ and were not affected by the presence of EGR-FIXa or FIX (45 nM). The association of FII with lipid rafts was completely abolished in the presence of FX (1.5 μM) whereas, Gla (des) FX was unable to compete with raft associated FII. Similarly, 125I-FII fragment 1 association with lipid rafts was inhibited by FX but not by Gla (des) FX. Prothrombin and FII fragment 1 (residues 1-155) were equipotent inhibitors of FX-raft association. FVIIIa (20 nM) had no effect on FII-raft association but significantly increased (~2-fold to ~45%) FX-raft association. In contrast, the presence of FVa (20 nM) had no effect on FX-raft association but significantly (~2-fold to ~45%) increased FII-raft association. The structural integrity of lipid rafts was completely disrupted by 10 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a known cholesterol depleting drug, which completely prevented FII or FX association with lipid rafts, and this removal was reversed by cholesterol repletion. Furthermore, MβCD (up to 40 mM) had no effect on the amount of FII or FX bound to activated platelets, thus suggesting that neither platelet activation by SFLLRN nor the exposure of FII receptors was affected by MβCD treatment. These experiments demonstrate the localization of a shared FX/FII site in lipid rafts and support the hypothesis that these interactions are mediated by the Gla-domains of FX and FII and are specific and essential for the assembly of F-X activating complex on the activated platelet membrane.
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Shibata, T., K. Ishii, S. Iwata, N. Matsumoto, S. Igarashi, T. Yasui, T. Asami, Y. Sato, T. Sugimoto, and H. Matsumoto. "The Leakage Field of the New High-Field Septum Magnets for Fast Extraction in Main Ring of J-PARC." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 5 (January 1, 2024): 052030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/5/052030.
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Abstract As part of the effort to increase the beam power of the Main Ring (MR) for fast extraction (FX) in J-PARC to 750 kW, five new septum magnets for FX (FX-septa) were installed in the MR in 2022. The most significant goal for the magnets was to achieve an extremely low leakage field in the circulating line. To realize the low leakage field, new pure iron duct-type magnetic shields were mounted in the circulating ducts of the two high-field FX-septa in 2022. In July 2022, we verified that the impact of the leakage field of all of the FX-septa on the 3-GeV circulating beam was below 10% of that of the previous FX-septa. We also measured the leakage field in the circulating ducts of the two high-field FX-septa with new shields in October 2022, and confirmed that the quadrupole field component was reduced to ≈1% of that of the previous high-field FX-septa.
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Kim, Hong Bae, and Sang Hoon Kang. "Price Discovery and Transmission Mechanism between CDS and FX markets." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2011-b0002.
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This study investigated the relationship between the CDS (credit default swap) market with the FX spot (FX swap) market, including the period of recent global financial crisis. A measure for market efficiency is the condition that the derivative markets dominate the asset market in price discovery. In our case, however, FX market should be leading the CDS market. We found FX (spot and Derivatives) market has co-integration relationship with CDS market. Looking at Gonzalo Granger (GG) and Hasbrouck's price discovery measure, we found the FX spot and derivatives market dominated CDS market in price discovery. This study has also examined the direction of shock spillover and volatility transmission between Korean CDS spread and Foreign exchange spot (FX swap) markets using the VECM bivariate GARCH approach. Our evidence suggested the presence of bi-directional shock volatility and volatility transmission between the CDS market and FX spot market partially exist. However, volatility spillover effects from CDS market to FX Swap market are stronger than in the reverse direction during the global financial crisis, indicating that the CDS spread signaling sovereign risk play a more important role in influencing the volatility of FX derivatives market. There are some particular features in FX market. The volatility and shock of CIP deviations reflecting arbitrage opportunities in FX swap market are influenced by those of CDS spread in tranquil period prior to Lehman failure. But after Lehman failure CDS played a crucial role in signaling credit risk in FX derivatives market. We found that higher liquidity and trading volume of market matters more in price discovery and information transmission.
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Wang, Gang-Jin, Chi Xie, Peng Zhang, Feng Han, and Shou Chen. "Dynamics of Foreign Exchange Networks: A Time-Varying Copula Approach." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/170921.
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Based on a time-varying copula approach and the minimum spanning tree (MST) method, we propose a time-varying correlation network-based approach to investigate dynamics of foreign exchange (FX) networks. In piratical terms, we choose the daily FX rates of 42 major currencies in the international FX market during the period of 2005–2012 as the empirical data. The empirical results show that (i) the distributions of cross-correlation coefficients (distances) in the international FX market (network) are fat-tailed and negatively skewed; (ii) financial crises during the analyzed period have a great effect on the FX network’s topology structure and lead to the US dollar becoming more centered in the MST; (iii) the topological measures of the FX network show a large fluctuation and display long-range correlations; (iv) the FX network has a long-term memory effect and presents a scale-free behavior in the most of time; and (v) a great majority of links between currencies in the international FX market survive from one time to the next, and multistep survive rates of FX networks drop sharply as the time increases.
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Lourenço-Lopes, Catarina, Maria Fraga-Corral, Anton Soria-Lopez, Bernabe Nuñes-Estevez, Marta Barral-Martinez, Aurora Silva, Ningyang Li, Chao Liu, Jesus Simal-Gandara, and Miguel A. Prieto. "Fucoxanthin’s Optimization from Undaria pinnatifida Using Conventional Heat Extraction, Bioactivity Assays and In Silico Studies." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071296.
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Brown macroalgae are a potential source of natural pigments. Among them, Undaria pinnatifida is recognized for its high concentration of fucoxanthin (Fx), which is a pigment with a wide range of bioactivities. In this study, three independent parameters were optimized for conventional heat extraction (CHE) to maximize the recovery of Fx from Undaria pinnatifida. Optimal conditions (temperature = 45 °C, solvent = 70%, and time = 61 min) extracted 5.1 mg Fx/g dw. Later, the bioactivities of the Fx-rich extracts (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective) were assessed using in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro assays indicated that Fx has a strong antioxidant capacity and even stronger antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. This data was supported in silico where Fx established a high binding affinity to DR, a Staphylococcus aureus protein, through aa ALA-8, LEU-21, and other alkane interactions. Finally, the in vitro enzymatic inhibition of AChE using Fx, was further supported using docking models that displayed Fx as having a high affinity for aa TYR72 and THR 75; therefore, the Fx extraction behavior explored in this work may reduce the costs associated with energy and solvent consumption. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the efficiency of CHE when recovering high amounts of Fx from Undaria pinnatifida. Furthermore, these findings can be applied in different industries.
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Girolami, Antonio, Elisabetta Cosi, Claudia Santarossa, Silvia Ferrari, Bruno Girolami, and Anna Maria Lombardi. "Factor X Friuli Coagulation Disorder: Almost 50 Years Later." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029616686423.
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The story of factor X (FX) Friuli. Factor X Friuli was discovered in 1969 to 1970. However, the story of that disease was an international event since patients with this defect were studied in France and in Italy, and different diagnoses were reached—FVII; FX; combined prothrombin complex; and combined FII, FVII, and FX deficiencies. The diagnostic difficulties were due to the peculiar clotting pattern presented by these patients, namely, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, prolonged prothrombin time but normal Russell viper venom clotting time. Only suitable anti-FX antisera clarified the pattern. Altogether 12 homozygotes and 102 heterozygotes have been followed during 4 decades. Six homozygotes died, 2 of them due to HIV infection and 1 due to hepatitis B liver cirrhosis. The other 3 died of nontransfusion-related morbidity. Bleeding tendency has been moderate in agreement with the extrinsic or intrinsic system assay results—FX level of 4% to 5% is considered normal. Heterozygotes may present occasional bleeding manifestations usually during surgery or delivery. Molecular analysis have shown that the mutation responsible for the defect is a Pro343Ser substitution in exon 8. Chimeric FX Friuli mice have been useful in studying the effect of FX levels on embryonic or natal mortality of these animals. No new homozygote but several heterozygotes have been recently seen. The study of FX Friuli has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to FX deficiencies. The FX should be assayed by all assay systems. The FX Friuli has never been described in any other country, and all patients studied come from the Friuli Meduna River Valley.
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Liang, Zhong, Adrian Cooper, Melanie DeFord, Peter Carmeliet, Desire Collen, Elliot Rosen, and Francis Castellino. "Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Murine Coagulation Factor X." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 80, no. 07 (1998): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615144.
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SummaryThe cDNA encoding murine coagulation factor X (fX) was isolated and reconstructed from a λZap cDNA library generated from murine liver mRNA. The cDNA contains 1486 bases starting at the 5’-translation initiation codon. It includes an open reading frame of 1443 nucleotides, followed by an 18 residue 3’ nontranslated sequence downstream of the first stop codon, and a 3’ poly(A) tail. The translation product is composed of a 40-amino acid signal/propeptide region followed by a 441-residue mature protein. The latter is highly homologous to that of human and rat fX. All protein domains of human and rat fX are strictly conserved in mouse fX. The cDNA coding for mouse fX has been expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and generates fX activity measured in a clotting assay using human fX-deficient plasma.
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Wang, Li, and Stephen Makar. "Hedge accounting and investors’ view of FX risk." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 27, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-10-2017-0121.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the foreign exchange (FX) risk effects of cash flow hedge accounting (HA). To the extent the HA qualification criteria and detailed documentation give investors confidence that FX derivatives effectively hedge risk, market-assigned FX risk premiums will be lower for firms using cash flow HA. Design/methodology/approach Probit analyses rely on the HA designation to examine the decision to use cash flow HA. Primary analyses test the hypothesized relationship between the magnitude of FX risk premiums and such HA use. Additional analyses allow for the interaction between cash flow HA use and the extent of FX derivatives use. Findings Hypothesis tests indicate that the magnitude of the FX risk premium is, on average, lower for firms designated as effective cash flow hedgers. In additional tests, the evidence suggests that the market assigns a lower FX risk premium to firms using a higher level of FX derivatives as effective cash flow hedges. Practical implications The findings suggest that cash flow HA provides risk-relevant information to investors. Such positive effects of HA on investors’ understanding of risk management may guide US accounting regulators in their efforts to improve HA. Corporate treasurers also may benefit from these insights into evaluating the use of HA. Originality/value Responding to the call for research on the risk relevance of cash flow HA, this paper merges the HA literature with the FX risk management literature to directly examine the relationship between HA use and FX risk premiums for manufacturing firms. The authors take an innovative approach using FX rates to which each firm is most exposed and provide evidence consistent with the argument that this approach is helpful in understanding both the decision to use cash flow HA and the effect of such HA use on market-assigned FX risk premiums.
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Ye, Yuemei, Jingwen Sun, Liting Wang, Junwang Zhu, Wei Cui, Hongyan Hou, Jinrong Zhang, Chengxu Zhou, and Xiaojun Yan. "Isolation and Purification of Fucoxanthin from Brown Seaweed Sargassum horneri Using Open ODS Column Chromatography and Ethanol Precipitation." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133777.
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As an abundant marine xanthophyll, fucoxanthin (FX) exhibits a broad range of biological activities. The preparation of high-purity FX is in great demand, however, most of the available methods require organic solvents which cannot meet the green chemistry standard. In the present study, a simple and efficient purification approach for the purification of FX from the brown seaweed Sargassum horneri was carried out. The FX-rich ethanol extract was isolated by octadecylsilyl (ODS) column chromatography using ethanol–water solvent as a gradient eluent. The overwhelming majority of FX was successfully eluted by the ethanol–water mixture (9:1, v/v), with a recovery rate of 95.36%. A parametric study was performed to optimize the aqueous ethanol precipitation process by investigating the effects on the purity and recovery of FX. Under the optimal conditions, the purity of FX was 91.07%, and the recovery rate was 74.98%. Collectively, the eco-friendly method was cost-efficient for the purification of FX. The developed method provides a potential approach for the large-scale production of fucoxanthin from the brown seaweed Sargassum horneri.
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Natsume, Chika, Nao Aoki, Tomoko Aoyama, Keisuke Senda, Mio Matsui, Airi Ikegami, Kosuke Tanaka, Yasu-Taka Azuma, and Takashi Fujita. "Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062180.
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Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.
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Kellner, Markus, and Fabian Liebel. "FX-Kreditvertrag: Kein „Durchschlagen“ der Unwirksamkeit eines Geldwechselvertrags auf FX-Kreditvertrag." Zeitschrift für das gesamte Bank- und Börsenwesen 70, no. 3 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.47782/oeba202203021401.
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Abdulhalim, Abdulla M., Ebere Onukwugha, Corinne Woods, Yi Qian, Jorge Arellano, Arun Balakumaran, C. Daniel Mullins, and Arif Hussain. "Prevalence of fractures among men with stage IV prostate cancer (S4PC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.143.
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143 Background: Fractures (fx) are common in men with stage 4 prostate cancer (S4PC), resulting in significant clinical consequences, such as increased pain and decreased quality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fx among men diagnosed with non-metastatic (M0) or metastatic (M1) S4PC and evaluate risk factors associated with fx. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of fx among men age 66 or older diagnosed with M0 or M1 S4PC using data from the U.S. SEER-Medicare datasets between 2000 to 2007. Men were followed through December 2009 or until they were lost to follow up. Codes indicating “pathologic fracture” or “fracture,” excluding codes suggesting accidents/falls in the 14 days prior to the fx, were used to identify fx. Results: Among 9,826 men with S4PC (M1 = 7301; M0 = 2525), 12.9% experienced a post-diagnosis fx based on the codes used. The prevalence of fx was nearly twice as high in men with M1 versus M0 S4PC (M1 = 14.7%; M0 = 7.5%). The median time from diagnosis of S4PC to first fx was five months for men with M1 S4PC versus 34 months for men with M0 S4PC. Compared to men with no fx, men who experienced fx were more likely to be older (20.3% vs. 17.8%), of white/non-Hispanic race (81.1% vs. 75.3%), have well (cancer grade 1) or moderately (cancer grade 2) differentiated tumors (48.7% vs. 41.7%), have a claim of osteoporosis (2.4% vs. 0.6%) or osteoarthritis (9.3% vs. 6.5%) in the year prior to S4PC diagnosis, and to have taken a bone mineral density (BMD) test (13.5% vs. 8.1%). All differences were significant at p<0.05 level. Overall, 92% of men did not receive BMD testing at any time post diagnosis despite the fact that 67% of the men received ADT. Conclusions: In men with M1 S4PC at diagnosis, the prevalence of fx is higher and the time to fx is substantially shorter than in men with M0 S4PC at diagnosis. Furthermore, most men with S4PC do not receive BMD testing. A significant need remains to monitor bone health and treat fx, particularly among M1 S4PC patients.
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Truong, To Quyen, Yun Ji Park, Jessica Winarto, Phuong Kim Huynh, Jinyoung Moon, Yeong Bin Choi, Dae-Geun Song, Song Yi Koo, and Sang Min Kim. "Understanding the Impact of Nitrogen Availability: A Limiting Factor for Enhancing Fucoxanthin Productivity in Microalgae Cultivation." Marine Drugs 22, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22020093.
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This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fucoxanthin (FX) biosynthesis under various nitrogen conditions to optimize FX productivity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Apart from light, nitrogen availability significantly affects the FX production of microalgae; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In batch culture, P. tricornutum was cultivated with normal (NN, 0.882 mM sodium nitrate), limited (LN, 0.22 mM), and high (HN, 8.82 mM) initial nitrogen concentrations in f/2 medium. Microalgal growth and photosynthetic pigment production were examined, and day 5 samples were subjected to fucoxanthin–chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. The result demonstrated that HN promoted FX productivity by extending the exponential growth phase for higher biomass and FX accumulation stage (P1), showing a continuous increase in FX accumulation on day 6. Augmented FX biosynthesis via the upregulation of carotenogenesis could be primarily attributed to enhanced FCP formation in the thylakoid membrane. Key proteins, such as LHC3/4, LHCF8, LHCF5, and LHCF10, and key genes, such as PtPSY, PtPDS, and PtVDE, were upregulated under nitrogen repletion. Finally, the combination of low light and HN prolonged the P1 stage to day 10, resulting in maximal FX productivity to 9.82 ± 0.56 mg/L/day, demonstrating an effective strategy for enhancing FX production in microalgae cultivation.
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Guan, Biyun, Kunsen Chen, Zhiyong Tong, Long Chen, Qi Chen, and Jingqian Su. "Advances in Fucoxanthin Research for the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammation-Related Diseases." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 4768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224768.
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Owing to its unique structure and properties, fucoxanthin (FX), a carotenoid, has attracted significant attention. There have been numerous studies that demonstrate FX’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-obesity properties against inflammation-related diseases. There is no consensus, however, regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In this review, we summarize the potential health benefits of FX in inflammatory-related diseases, from the perspective of animal and cellular experiments, to provide insights for future research on FX. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that FX remarkably decreased LPS-induced inflammation and improved survival in septic mice. Further investigation of the activity of FX against a wide range of diseases will require new approaches to uncover its molecular mechanism. This review will provide an outline of the current state of knowledge regarding FX application in the clinical setting and suggest future directions to implement FX as a therapeutic ingredient in pharmaceutical sciences in order to develop it into a treatment strategy against inflammation-associated disorders.
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Yoshikawa, Maki, Masashi Hosokawa, Kazuo Miyashita, Hoyoku Nishino, and Takeshi Hashimoto. "Effects of Fucoxanthin on the Inhibition of Dexamethasone-Induced Skeletal Muscle Loss in Mice." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041079.
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Fucoxanthin (Fx) has preventive effect against muscle atrophy and myotube loss in vitro, but it has not yet been examined in vivo. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of Fx on dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy and fat mass in mice. ICR mice were fed with Fx diets from 2 weeks before Dex treatment to the end of the study. Muscle atrophy was induced in the mice by oral administration of Dex. Body weight was significantly lower by Dex treatment. Visceral fat mass in the Fx-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The Dex-induced decrease in tibialis anterior muscle mass was ameliorated by Fx treatment. Fx treatment significantly attenuated muscle lipid peroxidation compared with the control and Dex-treated groups. The phosphorylation of AMPK was significantly higher in the Dex-treated group than in the control group. The expression of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) IV was significantly higher in the Fx-treated group than in the control group. These results suggest that Fx may be a beneficial material to prevent muscle atrophy in vivo, in addition to the effect of fat loss.
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Kim, Yu Ri, Bo-Kyung Park, Young Hwa Kim, Insop Shim, In-Cheol Kang, and Mi Young Lee. "Antidepressant Effect ofFraxinus rhynchophyllaHance Extract in a Mouse Model of Chronic Stress-Induced Depression." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 3, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8249563.
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Prolonged exposure to stress can affect mood and cognition and lead to mood disorders. Research on stress-associated mood disorders is important in modern society as people are increasingly exposed to unavoidable stressors. We used a mouse model with 2 weeks of exposure to electric foot shock and restraint, to determine the effect ofFraxinus rhynchophyllaHance (FX) extract on chronic stress-induced depression. We measured the effect of FX extract using various physiological, behavioral, and biochemical measures. FX extract ameliorated chronic stress-induced body and relative liver weight loss and improved depressive-like behaviors in the open field and forced swim tests. In addition, plasma cortisol and serotonin levels in stress-induced mice following FX treatment were similar to normal mice, and the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines was prevented. Moreover, FX treatment increased the expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate response element-binding protein (pCREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Further experiments confirmed the efficacy of FX extract by showing similar results using esculin and esculetin, compounds extracted from FX. Taken together, these results indicate that FX extract has an antidepressant effect on chronic stress-induced depression by associating signaling with neuroinflammation and neurogenesis.
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Iyappan, Petchi. "Fucoxanthin induced apoptotic cell death in oral squamous carcinoma (KB) cells." Bioinformation 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017181.
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Fucoxanthin (Fx) is an active compound commonly found in the many types of seaweed with numerous biological activities. The main goal of this investigation is to explore the effect of Fx against the cell proliferation, apoptotic induction and oxidative stress in the oral squamous (KB) cell line. Cytotoxicity of Fx was determined by MTT assay. The intracellular ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis induction in KB cells were examined through DCFH-DA, Rhodamine-123 and DAPI, and dual staining techniques. Effect of Fx on the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the KB cells was studied through the standard procedures. Fx treated KB cells showed morphological changes and reduced cell survival, which is exhibited by the cytotoxic activity of 50 μM/ml (IC50) Fx against the KB cells. The Fx treatment considerably induced the apoptotosis cells (EB/AO) and decreased the MMP (Rh-123) in KB cells. Further, it was pointed out that there was an increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) with decreased antioxidants (CAT, SOD and GSH). These results concluded that Fx has the cytotoxic effect against KB cells and has the potential to induce the apoptosis via increased oxidative stress. Hence, the Fx can be a promising agent for the treatment of oral cancer and it may lead to the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Novák, Zsuzsanna, and Nikolett Sereg. "Hungarian forint FX swap spreads during and beyond crisis times." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 1 (March 2022): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-1/2.
Full textAbstract:
Incentivised by a wide range of research discussing mispricing in USD related swap markets, the paper aims at discovering the factors contributing to the deviation of the 3-month FX swap points in the EURHUF and USDHUF market from their CIP based values primarily between the period January 2008 and December 2018 and with an extension to the end of 2021 using daily and monthly Bloomberg quotes. The period examined can be divided into three plus one subperiods as concerns FX swap spreads, largely determined by the effects of the global financial crisis and the volume of FX loans. Apart from the most important classes of variables explaining FX swap spreads, counterparty, funding and market liquidity risk indicators, the literature identifies, policy variables were also involved in the analysis. During and in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, the MNB applied various kinds of FX swap tenders to ease FX liquidity tensions in the Hungarian interbank market, and continued providing such operations even after the conversion of household FX loans to domestic currency. The results of VARX estimations suggest that indicators of market and liquidity tension, counterparty risk mostly positively contributed to the widening of FX swap spreads, in addition, policy intervention had a spread dampening impact throughout most of the period. The paper confirms that central bank FX swap market participation can mitigate mispricing especially in turbulent times.
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Yang, Likui, Qiulan Ding, Yiping Shen, Xuefeng Wang, and Alireza Rezaie. "The missense Thr211Pro mutation in the factor X activation peptide of a bleeding patient causes molecular defect in the clotting cascade." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 110, no. 07 (2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th13-03-0184.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryFactor X (FX) is a vitamin K-dependent coagulation zymogen, which upon activation to factor Xa assembles into the prothrombinase complex to activate prothrombin to thrombin. FX can be activated by either factor VIIa-tissue factor or factor IXa-factor VIIIa in extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, respectively. In this study, we identified a bleeding patient with moderate FX deficiency who exhibits a clotting defect only in the intrinsic pathway. Exome sequencing revealed that the patient carries a novel homozygous missense mutation that results in substitution of Thr211 with Pro in the activation peptide of FX. Thr211 is the site of an O-linked glycosylation in the activation peptide of FX. We postulated that the lack of this post-translational modification specifically impacts the activation of FX by intrinsic Xase, thereby impairing thrombin generation in the subject. To test this hypothesis, we expressed both wild-type FX and FX containing this mutation in mammalian cells and following the purification of the zymogens to homogeneity characterized their properties in both purified and plasma-based assay systems. Analysis of the results suggests that Thr211 to Pro substitution renders the FX mutant a poor substrate for both physiological activators, however, at physiological concentration of the substrate, the clotting defect manifest itself only in the intrinsic pathway, thus explaining the bleeding phenotype for the patient carrying this mutation.
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Feng, Yuanzheng, Jiewen Ma, Liang V. Tang, Wenyi Lin, Yanyi Tao, Zhipeng Cheng, and Yu Hu. "Characterization of a Missense Mutation in the Catalytic Domain and a Splicing Mutation of Coagulation Factor X Compound Heterozygous in a Chinese Pedigree." Genes 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101521.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Congenital coagulation factor X (FX) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder with an incidence of one in one million caused by mutations in the FX-coding gene(F10), leading to abnormal coagulation activity and a tendency for severe hemorrhage. Therefore, identifying mutations in FX is important for diagnosing congenital FX deficiency. Results: Genetic analysis of the proband identified two single-base substitutions: c.794T > C: p.Ile265Thr and c.865 + 5G > A: IVS7 + 5G > A. His FX activity and antigen levels were < 1% and 49.7%, respectively; aPTT and PT were prolonged to 65.3 and 80.5 s, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the two novel variants to be pathogenic. In-vitro expression study of the missense mutation c.794T > C: p.Ile265Thr showed normal synthesis and secretion. Activation of FXs by RVV, FVII/TF, and FVIII/FIX all showed no obvious difference between the variant and the reference. However, clotting activity by PT and aPTT assays and activity of thrombin generation in a TGA assay all indicated reduced activity of the mutant FX-Ile265Thr compared to FX-WT. Minigene assay showed a normal splicing mode c.865 + 5G > A: IVS7 + 5G > A, which is inconsistent with clinical phenotype. Conclusions: The heterozygous variants c.794T > C: p.Ile265Thr or c.865 + 5G > A: IVS7 + 5G > A indicate mild FX deficiency, but the compound heterozygous mutation of the two causes severe congenital FX deficiency. Genetic analysis of these two mutations may help characterize the bleeding tendency and confirm congenital FX deficiency. In-vitro expression and functional study showed that the low activity of the mutant FX-Ile265Thr is caused by decrease in its enzyme activity rather than self-activation. The minigene assay help us explore possible mechanisms of the splicing mutation. However, more in-depth mechanism research is needed in the future.
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Demirbas, Erkan, and Nurettin Can. "Impact of Reserve Option Mechanism on Exchange Rate Volatility During the FED’s Tapering Period." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2022-0028.
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Abstract This study investigates the effectiveness of ROM. We conducted the GARCH (1,1) Model to determine whether ROM contributed to decreasing the volatility of USD/TL exchange rate for the period 2013-2014. We construct four Models where four different variables are separately used that represent the ROM tool, i.e. the amount of FX reserves of CBRT via ROM, and the share of the FX reserves via ROM in Gross FX Reserves of CBRT. Our findings are convincing to say FX facility and the ratio of utilization for the FX facility to ensure the results are statistically meaningful during this period.