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1
Reiter, Yoram, Ulrich Brinkmann, Byungkook Lee, and Ira Pastan. "Engineering antibody Fv fragments for cancer detection and therapy: Bisulfide-stabilized Fv fragments." Nature Biotechnology 14, no. 10 (October 1996): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1096-1239.
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Jansen, A., K. M. Rusch, D. M. Hohmann, and I. Thome. "FV 5 Brain networks for illusory object detection." Clinical Neurophysiology 148 (April 2023): e3-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.006.
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Ogiwara, Kenichi, Keiko Shinozawa, Keiji Nogami, Tomoko Matsumoto, Katsumi Nishiya, Nobuyuki Tsujii, Koji Yada, Katsuyuki Fukutake, and Midori Shima. "Mechanism of the Potent Activated Protein C Resistance of Novel Factor V Mutation with W1920R (FV Nara) Relative to R506Q (FV Leiden)." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.537.537.
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Abstract Abstract 537 Introduction: Factor V (FV) functions both as procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. FV R506Q (FV Leiden) showing activated protein C resistance (APCR) is popular among Caucasians, whilst it has not been reported in Asians. Recently, we have reported a Japanese boy with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) who has a novel FV W1920R mutation (FV Nara, ISTH 2009, 2011). Although he showed APCR in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)-based assay, low levels of FV activity (10%) and antigen (40%) made it difficult to explain his severe DVT (both lower extremities and inferior vena cava). Here, we show the detailed mechanisms of his thrombotic diathesis via APCR relative to FV Leiden. Methods: We performed the detection of PC pathway inhibition with Thrombopath® (Protac-induced coagulation inhibition %; PiCi%) or the detection of APCR with calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) in patient's plasma. FV-deficient plasmas containing varying concentrations of FV wild-type (WT) or W1920R were evaluated by an APCR-assay that specifically can measure the APC cofactor activity of FV in activated FVIII (FVIIIa) inactivation and by the APTT-based assay that probes both the susceptibility and APC cofactor components (Castoldi E, 2004). Recombinant FV proteins (FV-WT, -R506Q, and -W1920R) under pMT2/FV vector were expressed in HEK293 cells. In purified assays, activated FV (FVa) was inactivated by APC in the presence of protein S (PS). FVIIIa were also inactivated by APC/PS in the presence of FV. Cleavages of FV heavy chain were observed in SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results: PiCi%, a decrease ratio of thrombin generation by the addition of PC activator (protac) was low in patient's plasma (protac absent/present 794/221 mOD/min; PiCi% 72.2%) (v.s. normal plasma absent/present 834/76.1 mOD/min; PiCi% 90.9%). In CAT using platelet-rich plasmas, peak thrombin level of patient was lower than control (169 and 191 nM), but was greater in the presence of 40 nM APC (103 and 71 nM). In FV-deficient plasma containing FV WT or W1920R, W1920R exhibited no cofactor activity in FVIIIa inactivation, likely supporting the contribution to W1920R-associated APCR more significantly rather than poor susceptibility to APC. In purified assays, FVa (8 nM) activity in FV-WT, -R506Q and -W1920R after 5-min reaction with APC (25 pM), PS (30 nM), PL (20 μM) was decreased to 2.6%, 16.7%, and 62.8%, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis for FVa heavy chain revealed little cleavage of Gln506 in FV-R506Q and markedly delayed cleavage of Arg506 in FV-W1920R. Of surprise, cleavage of Arg306 was little observed in FV-W1920R. In addition, FVIIIa (10 nM) activity after 20-min reaction with APC (0.5 nM), PS (5 nM), PL (20 μM) and FV (0.5 nM) in FV-WT, -R506Q, and -W1920R was diminished to 18.0%, 52.8% and >95% of those without FV, respectively. Although Trp1920 in FV is close to PL-binding site of the C1 domain, the binding ability of FV-W1920R to immobilized PL retained ∼70-80% of that of FV-WT. Conclusion: The novel FV mutant, W1920R possessed the potent APCR relative to FV Leiden, by reducing the susceptibility of FVa to APC-mediated inactivation and/or by interfering with the FV cofactor activity in APC-catalyzed FVIIIa inactivation. This mechanism might be associated with the impaired cleavages of Arg506 and Arg306 due to the conformational change of this FV mutant. Disclosures: Nogami: Bayer Award 2009: Research Funding.
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Erdem, Arzum, and Ece Eksin. "Electrochemical Detection of Solution Phase Hybridization Related to Single Nucleotide Mutation by Carbon Nanofibers Enriched Electrodes." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203377.
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In the present study, a sensitive and selective impedimetric detection of solution-phase nucleic acid hybridization related to Factor V Leiden (FV Leiden) mutation was performed by carbon nanofibers (CNF) modified screen printed electrodes (SPE). The microscopic and electrochemical characterization of CNF-SPEs was explored in comparison to the unmodified electrodes. Since the FV Leiden mutation is a widespread inherited risk factor predisposing to venous thromboembolism, this study herein aimed to perform the impedimetric detection of FV Leiden mutation by a zip nucleic acid (ZNA) probe-based assay in combination with CNF-SPEs. The selectivity of the assay was then examined against the mutation-free DNA sequences as well as the synthetic PCR samples.
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Sawicki, Karol, Michał M. Placek, Tomasz Łysoń, Zenon Mariak, Robert Chrzanowski, and Marek Czosnyka. "Change in Blood Flow Velocity Pulse Waveform during Plateau Waves of Intracranial Pressure." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081000.
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A reliable method for non-invasive detection of dangerous intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations is still unavailable. In this preliminary study, we investigate quantitatively our observation that superimposing waveforms of transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity (FV) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) may help in non-invasive identification of ICP plateau waves. Recordings of FV, ABP and ICP in 160 patients with severe head injury (treated in the Neurocritical Care Unit at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK) were reviewed retrospectively. From that cohort, we identified 18 plateau waves registered in eight patients. A “measure of dissimilarity” (Dissimilarity/Difference Index, DI) between ABP and FV waveforms was calculated in three following steps: 1. fragmentation of ABP and FV signal according to cardiac cycle; 2. obtaining the normalised representative ABP and FV cycles; and finally; 3. assessing their difference, represented by the area between both curves. DI appeared to discriminate ICP plateau waves from baseline episodes slightly better than conventional pulsatility index did: area under ROC curve 0.92 vs. 0.90, sensitivity 0.81 vs. 0.69, accuracy 0.88 vs. 0.84, respectively. The concept of DI, if further tested and improved, might be used for non-invasive detection of ICP plateau waves.
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Yang, Tony, Jisong Cui, Jeremy Taylor, Angela Yang, Stephen Gruber, and David Ginsburg. "Rescue of Fatal Neonatal Hemorrhage in Factor V Deficient Mice by Low Level Transgene Expression." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, no. 01 (2000): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613760.
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SummaryFactor V (FV) is a critical component of the coagulation cascade. FV-deficient patients suffer moderate to severe bleeding, though residual FV activity is detectable in nearly all cases. In contrast, FVdeficient mice die either during mid-embryogenesis, or of massive perinatal hemorrhage. In order to examine the requirements for FV in murine embryogenesis and hemostasis, we generated transgenic mouse lines expressing a Fv minigene under control of either the tissue-specific albumin (Malb) or rat platelet factor 4 (Rpf4) promoter. A total of 12 Malb and 3 Rpf4 lines were analyzed. Though expression in the target tissue was detectable in most lines by RT-PCR, only low levels of transgene expression were achieved (<3% of endogenous Fv in all lines). Despite a low level of Fv transgene expression, rescue of the lethal Fv −/− phenotype was observed with one of the Malb transgenic (Tg+) lines. However, rescue appeared to be incomplete with continued loss of >1/2 of expected Tg+, Fv −/− mice in early embryogenesis. Rescued Tg+, Fv −/− mice have undetectable FV (<0.1%) in both plasma and platelet compartments, but survive the perinatal period and mature to adulthood without spontaneous hemorrhage. We conclude that FV present at <0.1% is sufficient to support postnatal survival. Failure of the Malb transgene to rescue the midembryonic block suggests that FV expression is required during mammalian development at higher levels or with a different tissue-specific or temporal pattern. Taken together, these data may explain the observation of residual FV activity in most human FV-deficient patients due to early embryonic lethality in those absolutely deficient, and suggest that minimal levels of FV expression, below the level of detection, also may be sufficient to support survival in humans.
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Castoldi, Elisabetta, Michael Kalafatis, Barbara Lunghi, Paolo Simioni, Panayiotis Ioannou, Margherita Petio, Antonio Girolami, Kenneth Mann, and Francesco Bernardi. "Molecular Bases of Pseudo-homozygous APC Resistance: The Compound Heterozygosity for FV R506Q and a FV Null Mutation Results in the Exclusive Presence of FV Leiden Molecules in Plasma." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 80, no. 09 (1998): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615220.
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SummaryPseudo-homozygous APC resistance, the condition resulting from compound heterozygosity for FV R506Q (FV Leiden) and quantitative FV deficiency, provides a natural model to study the interaction between procoagulant and anticoagulant defects. This paper reports a complete FV characterization of a pseudo-homozygous APC resistant thrombotic patient. The expression of the patient’s non-Leiden gene was found to be severely impaired both at the mRNA and protein levels. In particular, only FV Leiden molecules were detected in the patient’s plasma by immunoblotting, which accounts for the observed marked APC resistance. Analysis of the FV cDNA obtained by reverse transcription of platelet RNA revealed that the mRNA of the non-Leiden gene was extremely reduced in amount. A PAC clone containing the whole FV gene was used to design primers for a complete FV exon scanning. A 2-bp insertion at nucleotide 3706 in the large exon 13 of the non-Leiden gene, predicting a frame-shift and premature termination of protein synthesis, was identified as responsible for the FV defect. Failure to find any case of pseudo-homozygous APC resistance in a large sample (6,804) of blood donors suggests that this condition is extremely rare among normal controls and that its detection is favoured by the thrombotic risk that it may confer.
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Ichinose, Akitada, Tsukasa Osaki, and Masayoshi Souri. "A Review of Coagulation Abnormalities of Autoimmune Acquired Factor V Deficiency with a Focus on Japan." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 48, no. 02 (December 23, 2021): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740149.
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AbstractCoagulation factor V (or FV for the purpose of medical safety) is an essential cofactor of coagulation factor X in the common pathway of coagulation; severe FV deficiency leads to a bleeding tendency. Although both congenital and acquired FV deficiencies are widely recognized, FV deficiency also presents as an autoimmune disorder. A nationwide survey on autoimmune coagulation factor deficiencies (AiCFDs) conducted in Japan by our Japanese Collaborative Research Group identified 24 new patients with autoimmune FV deficiency (AiFVD) in the past 5 years. Furthermore, our extensive literature search confirmed that 177 AiFVD cases have been reported in previous articles published from Japan. Patients with AiFVD in Japan were predominantly men, with age similar to those with other AiCFDs. AiFVD was confirmed as a relatively mild type of bleeding diathesis, associated with lower mortality rate than that for AiFVD and other AiCFDs reported in previous studies. Patients with AiFVD had variable FV inhibitor titers and both neutralizing anti-FV autoantibodies and nonneutralizing counterparts. Although spontaneous resolution occurs in some patients, timely initiation of hemostatic and immunosuppressive therapies helps arrest the bleeding and eliminate anti-FV antibodies, resulting in a high cumulative recovery rate. Immunological anti-FV antibody detection is recommended to avoid missing AiFVD cases for the presence of nonneutralizing anti-FV autoantibodies. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the long-term prognosis and optimal management of AiFVD.
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Kirschbaum, Nancy E., and Paul A. Foster. "The Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence Specific Primers for the Detection of the Factor V Mutation Associated with Activated Protein C Resistance." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 74, no. 03 (1995): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649840.
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SummaryThe prevalence of the Factor V (FV) mutation associated with activated protein C resistance (FV Leiden) and its significance as a genetic risk factor for venous thrombosis have necessitated the development of a simple, rapid, and accurate assay for its detection. The polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) provides a powerful technique for the discrimination of alleles resulting from single base substitutions. PCR amplification was performed using a sense primer complementary to both FV alleles coupled with either of two antisense allele specific primers, one complementary to the normal FV allele and one complementary to the FV Leiden allele. PCR conditions were developed that favored amplification only in the case of perfect complementation between template DNA and allele specific primer. The FV genotype was assigned based on whether or not each allele specific primer set produced an amplified product. Assignment of genotypes correlated 100% with those determined by the method of PCR amplification followed by MnII digestion. PCR-SSP allows the rapid and accurate identification of carriers of the Factor V Leiden mutation by a simple PCR reaction without the need for the usual post-amplification specificity step.
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Gewirtz, AM, M. Keefer, K. Doshi, AE Annamalai, HC Chiu, and RW Colman. "Biology of human megakaryocyte factor V." Blood 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.6.1639.bloodjournal6761639.
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To learn more about human megakaryocyte coagulation cofactor V (FV), we studied the expression of this protein in normal bone marrow megakaryocytes and in megakaryocytes cloned from their colony-forming unit in FV-depleted plasma clot cultures. Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against either the light chain or an activation peptide of human FV and a rabbit polyclonal, monospecific FV antiserum were used as probes for these experiments in conjunction with a variety of immunochemical detection techniques. All morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes were shown to contain FV. The origin of this protein appeared to be both from FV bound to the cell as well as from endogenous FV in the majority of cells examined. The existence of a population of small bone marrow mononuclear cells that simultaneously expressed platelet glycoproteins and FV was also noted. Such cells represented approximately 70% of all small cells positive for platelet glycoproteins. In contrast, only about 40% of megakaryocyte colonies cloned in FV-deficient medium contained cells with immunochemically detectable FV. FV expression was most clearly demonstrated in large cells in the colonies, whereas smaller, presumably less mature cells labeled weakly or not at all. Synthesis of FV by human megakaryocytes was documented using elutriation-enriched cells incubated in 35S- methionine-containing medium. Megakaryocyte lysates and medium conditioned by these cells were subjected to immunoaffinity column purification. Column eluates analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed radioactive bands comigrating with the heavy and light chains of thrombin-activated FV. These studies suggest that human megakaryocytes both bind and synthesize FV. Expression of these traits appears to be related to cell maturation, with binding ability appearing earlier than the ability to synthesize this protein. Finally, although the ability to bind FV appears to be universal among megakaryocytes, our culture data suggest that synthesis may be a restricted, or constitutively expressed property of these cells.
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Wilmer, Marianne, Christoph Stocker, Beatrice Buehler, Brigitte Conell, and Andreas Calatzis. "Improved Detection of FV Leiden Patients Using a Novel Snake-Venom-Based Activated Protein C Resistance Assay." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1058.1058.
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Abstract A new functional prothrombin-based activated protein C (APC) resistance (APC-R) test (Pefakit® APC-R Factor V Leiden, Pentapharm, Basel, Switzerland) is presented. Methods: The plasma sample is mixed with a reagent containing APC and snake venom specifically activating FV (RVV-V, Daboia russelli) and plasma that has been depleted of FV. During an incubation period of 180 sec the activated FV is inactivated by APC. Subsequently a reagent that contains a FV dependent prothrombin activator (Noscarin, Notechis scutatus) and EDTA is added. The clotting time is recorded. A second determination is performed under identical conditions, with the exception that no APC is added to the first reagent. A ratio between the two measurements is calculated. 703 samples of patients undergoing thrombophilia screening were analysed. Results were correlated to PCR based FVL testing, aPTT, PT, and to levels of Protein C, Protein S, Fibrinogen, FVIII and lupus anticoagulant index. Results: Using a predefined cut-off of a ratio of 2.5 a 100% sensitivity and specificity for the detection of a FVL mutation was found. Using a cut-off ratio of 1.2 a complete but narrow distinction of FVL heterozygous (n=192) and FVL homozygous samples (n=27) was determined. No interference by sample’s INR and aPTT, PS, fibrinogen and FVIII levels and lupus anticoagulant ratio was detected. Conclusion: The new snake-venom-based APC-R assay provides an improved distinction of FV wild-type and FVL carriers compared to the data reported for the aPTT based methods. The use of a FV dependent prothrombin activator eliminates effects of FVIII concentration or lupus anticoagulants in the sample.
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Director, Ariel, Gabriel Mendes de Souza Martins, Ana Paula Pereira Loureiro, Camila Hamond Regua Motta Reis, Marco Alberto Medeiros, and Walter Lilenbaum. "Molecular detection of leptospiral carriers in sheep under tropical field conditions." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 51, no. 3 (December 16, 2014): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v51i3p220-223.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a aplicabilidade da PCR na detecção de ovinos carreadores de Leptospira em ambiente tropical. Brevemente, dois rebanhos ovinos, previamente reportados como sororeativo (A) e soronegativo (B) foram selecionados para este estudo. Da totalidade de animais de cada rebanho, amostras de urina e fluido vaginal (FV)/sêmen foram colhidas para cultura bacteriológica e PCR. Além disso, amostras de soro foram colhidas e utilizadas na sorologia (teste da soroaglutinação microscópica). Esta técnica confirmou o estado prévio dos dois rebanhos. Nenhuma amostra pura de leptospiras foi obtida no cultivo. Já na PCR, animais do Rebanho A apresentaram 26,7% (FV), 33,3% (sêmen) e 38,9% (urina) de amostras positivas. O Rebanho B apresentou 40,0% (FV), 33,3% (sêmen) e 5,6% (urina) de positividade pela PCR. Em conclusão, a PCR foi uma importante ferramenta na identificação de carreadores de leptospiras, incluindo animais do rebanho soronegativo, o que reforça as vantagens do uso desta técnica para a detecção de ovinos portadores como parte dos programas de controle da leptospirose em ambiente tropical.
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Gewirtz, AM, M. Keefer, K. Doshi, AE Annamalai, HC Chiu, and RW Colman. "Biology of human megakaryocyte factor V." Blood 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.6.1639.1639.
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Abstract To learn more about human megakaryocyte coagulation cofactor V (FV), we studied the expression of this protein in normal bone marrow megakaryocytes and in megakaryocytes cloned from their colony-forming unit in FV-depleted plasma clot cultures. Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against either the light chain or an activation peptide of human FV and a rabbit polyclonal, monospecific FV antiserum were used as probes for these experiments in conjunction with a variety of immunochemical detection techniques. All morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes were shown to contain FV. The origin of this protein appeared to be both from FV bound to the cell as well as from endogenous FV in the majority of cells examined. The existence of a population of small bone marrow mononuclear cells that simultaneously expressed platelet glycoproteins and FV was also noted. Such cells represented approximately 70% of all small cells positive for platelet glycoproteins. In contrast, only about 40% of megakaryocyte colonies cloned in FV-deficient medium contained cells with immunochemically detectable FV. FV expression was most clearly demonstrated in large cells in the colonies, whereas smaller, presumably less mature cells labeled weakly or not at all. Synthesis of FV by human megakaryocytes was documented using elutriation-enriched cells incubated in 35S- methionine-containing medium. Megakaryocyte lysates and medium conditioned by these cells were subjected to immunoaffinity column purification. Column eluates analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed radioactive bands comigrating with the heavy and light chains of thrombin-activated FV. These studies suggest that human megakaryocytes both bind and synthesize FV. Expression of these traits appears to be related to cell maturation, with binding ability appearing earlier than the ability to synthesize this protein. Finally, although the ability to bind FV appears to be universal among megakaryocytes, our culture data suggest that synthesis may be a restricted, or constitutively expressed property of these cells.
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Kibriya, Hareem, Rashid Amin, Jinsul Kim, Marriam Nawaz, and Rahma Gantassi. "A Novel Approach for Brain Tumor Classification Using an Ensemble of Deep and Hand-Crafted Features." Sensors 23, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 4693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104693.
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One of the most severe types of cancer caused by the uncontrollable proliferation of brain cells inside the skull is brain tumors. Hence, a fast and accurate tumor detection method is critical for the patient’s health. Many automated artificial intelligence (AI) methods have recently been developed to diagnose tumors. These approaches, however, result in poor performance; hence, there is a need for an efficient technique to perform precise diagnoses. This paper suggests a novel approach for brain tumor detection via an ensemble of deep and hand-crafted feature vectors (FV). The novel FV is an ensemble of hand-crafted features based on the GLCM (gray level co-occurrence matrix) and in-depth features based on VGG16. The novel FV contains robust features compared to independent vectors, which improve the suggested method’s discriminating capabilities. The proposed FV is then classified using SVM or support vector machines and the k-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN). The framework achieved the highest accuracy of 99% on the ensemble FV. The results indicate the reliability and efficacy of the proposed methodology; hence, radiologists can use it to detect brain tumors through MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). The results show the robustness of the proposed method and can be deployed in the real environment to detect brain tumors from MRI images accurately. In addition, the performance of our model was validated via cross-tabulated data.
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Kleymann, G., C. Ostermeier, K. Heitmann, W. Haase, and H. Michel. "Use of antibody fragments (Fv) in immunocytochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, no. 6 (June 1995): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.6.7769231.
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We developed a novel antibody fragment (Fv) technique for localization and determination of the surface topology of membrane protein complexes by immunogold electron microscopy. Several hybridoma cell lines producing murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against bacterial membrane proteins were established. The cDNAs coding for the variable domains of the MAbs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The engineered Fv fragments served as trifunctional adapter molecules. The Fv fragment binds to the epitope of the membrane protein. The Strep tag fused to the VH chain was used for one-step affinity purification of the Fv fragments. Immunological detection of the membrane protein-bound Fv fragments in electron microscopy was accomplished either via the Strep tag with colloidal gold-labeled streptavidin or via the c-myc tag, which was fused to the VL chain, in combination with the c-myc tag-specific antibody 9E10 and a colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibody. We examined four Fv fragments directed against the cytochrome c oxidase or the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase of Paracoccus denitrificans and bacteriorhodopsin of Halobacterium halobium to show that this method is generally applicable. In all cases the Fv fragments showed the same results as their corresponding parent antibodies in electron microscopic immunostaining and other applications.
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Mojžišová, Z., P. Drzewnioková, E. Bocková, B. Vargová, V. Majláthová, I. Majláth, T. Csank, and J. Pistl. "Prevalence and Detection of Flaviviruses Occurring in Slovakia." Folia Veterinaria 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2017-0021.
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AbstractThe tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arboviruses of the genusFlavivirusin the familyFlaviviridae. Their hosts are vertebratesof which rodents are the reservoirs of TBEV and birds are the reservoirs of WNV. Both viruses are transmitted from reservoirs to mammals by vectors. TBEV is transmitted by ticks (mostlyIxodesspp.) and WNV by mosquitoes (mostlyCulexspp.). Both viruses are capable of infecting mammals, including man. TBEV and WNV are neurotropic, however infection is, in most cases, subclinical or accompanied by only moderate general signs. However, in some cases they can cause serious disturbances of the CNS. Our study focused on the detection of the genomes of TBEV and WNV in vectors by means of the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The flavivirus genome was detected by means of oligonucleotides delineating the sequence in NS5 gene that encodes viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. For the detection of TBEV, we used the oligonucleotide pair detecting the structural envelope protein. The positive samples were subjected to the sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The WNV was not detected in any of the pooled samples prepared from 616 mosquitoes captured in the vicinity of the village Drienovec, district Košice-surroundings. The investigation of 676 ticks demonstrated the presence of one strain of TBEV. One blood-fedI. ricinusfemale was obtained from a goat grazing in a pasture in the Dúbrava area close to Prešov. The genetic analysis revealed the presence of a strain close to the endemic strainsof TBEV Hypr and Neudörfl. The results of our study can become a motivation for additional studies in model locations oriented on ecology and circulation of these important zoonotic flaviviruses.
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Jia, Min, Dong Li, Roberto Colombo, Ying Wang, Xue Wang, Tao Cheng, Yan Zhu, et al. "Quantifying Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters from Hyperspectral Reflectance at the Leaf Scale under Various Nitrogen Treatment Regimes in Winter Wheat." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232838.
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Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters, especially the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in dark- and light-adapted conditions (Fv/Fm and Fv’/Fm’), have been used extensively to indicate photosynthetic activity, physiological function, as well as healthy and early stress conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of applying hyperspectral data for the detection of ChlF parameters in vegetation. However, the performance of spectral features that have been documented to estimate ChlF is not ideal and is poorly understood. In this study, ChlF parameters and leaf reflectance were collected in two field experiments involving various wheat cultivars, nitrogen (N) applications, and plant densities, during the growing seasons of 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016. Three types of spectral features, including vegetation indices (VIs), red edge position (REP), and wavelet features, were used to quantify ChlF parameters Fv/Fm and Fv’/Fm’. The results indicated that traditional chlorophyll fluorescence vegetation indices (ChlF VIs), such as the curvature index (CUR) and D705/D722 were capable of detecting Fv/Fm and Fv’/Fm’ under various scenarios. However, the wavelet-based REP (WREP-S4) and the wavelet feature (WF) (704 nm, scale 4) yielded higher accuracy than other spectral features in calibration and validation datasets. Moreover, the bands used to calculate WREP-S4 and WF (704 nm, scale 4) were all centered in the red edge region (680 to 760 nm), which highlighted the role of the red edge region in tracking the change of active ChlF signal. Our results are supported by previous studies, which have shown that the red edge region is vital for estimating the chlorophyll content, and also the ChlF parameters. These findings could help to improve our understanding of the relationships among active ChlF signal and reflectance spectra.
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Wood, Steven C. "Zika virus detection using a flow cytometry platform." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 130.39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.130.39.
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Abstract Zika is an arthropod-borne virus related to other Flaviviridae (FV) members such as West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever Virus Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Dengue Virus All these FV infections can develop into indistinguishable clinical symptoms such as headaches, fever, body aches, and joint pains. However, in utero exposure to Zika results in microcephaly, fetal demise and Guillain–Barré syn-drome. These devastating complications necessitated the development of a specific and sensitive assay that distinguishes Zika infection from those caused by other FV. Development of a Zika specific immune-detection assay is challenging due to the presence of cross reactive antibodies. Therefore, we developed a high throughput Zika detection assay using a flow cytometry platform and Zika antigens as reference materials. Sera from Zika positive and negative patients were diluted 100, 1,000 and 10,000 fold and used for the initial standardization experiments. Minimal background fluorescence was detected at 10,000-fold dilution of sera, and therefore the assay was standardized at these optimal conditions. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the presence of anti-Zika antibodies in Zika patients and out of 10 patient samples tested, 9 were confirmed to be Zika positive. The ability of this flow cytometry based assay to detect anti-Zika antibodies was also confirmed using sera samples collected from Zika Ns1 and Env protein immunized mice. In summary, we report the development of a novel flow cytometry based Zika detection method that can be used for Zika counter measures. The rapid turnaround time of flow based assays as well as their ability to detect and distinguish antibody subtypes and antigens will improve diagnostic accuracy of Zika detection.
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Zhan, Zhikun, Yang Li, Yuliang Zhao, Hongyu Zhang, Zhen Wang, Boya Fu, and Wen Jung Li. "A Review of Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin." Biosensors 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040221.
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Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for measuring glucose levels in the diagnosis of diabetes due to the excellent stability and reliability of this biomarker. HbA1c is a stable glycated protein formed by the reaction of glucose with hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells, which reflects average glucose levels over a period of two to three months without suffering from the disturbance of the outside environment. A number of simple, high-efficiency, and sensitive electrochemical sensors have been developed for the detection of HbA1c. This review aims to highlight current methods and trends in electrochemistry for HbA1c monitoring. The target analytes of electrochemical HbA1c sensors are usually HbA1c or fructosyl valine/fructosyl valine histidine (FV/FVH, the hydrolyzed product of HbA1c). When HbA1c is the target analyte, a sensor works to selectively bind to specific HbA1c regions and then determines the concentration of HbA1c through the quantitative transformation of weak electrical signals such as current, potential, and impedance. When FV/FVH is the target analyte, a sensor is used to indirectly determine HbA1c by detecting FV/FVH when it is hydrolyzed by fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAO), fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX), or a molecularly imprinted catalyst (MIC). Then, a current proportional to the concentration of HbA1c can be produced. In this paper, we review a variety of representative electrochemical HbA1c sensors developed in recent years and elaborate on their operational principles, performance, and promising future clinical applications.
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Holečková, B., J. Bučan, Ľ. Horňáková, J. Halušková, S. Sedláková, and M. Galdíková. "PCR Detection of an Eye Anomaly in a Family of Longhaired Collies." Folia Veterinaria 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2022-0040.
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Abstract Inherited eye diseases have been the subject of genetic research for many years. This paper focuses on the optimisation of the DNA test based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) in dogs. A small family of four longhaired Collies (parents and their daughters) with a confirmed positive clinical ophthalmologic examination of CEA served as the source of affected animals. Both PCR reaction conditions examined were suitable for detecting canine NHEJ1 gene mutation associated with CEA. One carrier was found in a small group of eleven randomly selected control healthy dogs. The PCR test confirmed the previous CEA-positive ophthalmological examination in Collies. The results indicated that all four family members of the examined longhaired Collies had a homozygous intronic deletion of 7799 bases in the canine NHEJ1 gene. The affected female Collies may potentially transmit this CEA-associated mutation to their puppies.
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Segers, Olivier, Paolo Simioni, Daniela Tormene, and Elisabetta Castoldi. "Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on thrombin generation in factor V Leiden heterozygotes." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 111, no. 03 (2014): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th13-05-0360.
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SummaryCarriership of the factor V (FV) Leiden mutation increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) ~4-fold, but the individual risk of each FV Leiden carrier depends on several co-inherited risk and protective factors. Under the hypothesis that thrombin generation might serve as an intermediate phenotype to identify genetic modulators of VTE risk, we enrolled 188 FV Leiden heterozygotes (11 with VTE) and determined the following parameters: thrombin generation in the absence and presence of activated protein C (APC); plasma levels of prothrombin, factor X, antithrombin, protein S and tissue factor pathway inhibitor; and the genotypes of 24 SNPs located in the genes encoding these coagulation factors and inhibitors. Multiple regression analysis was subsequently applied to identify the (genetic) determinants of thrombin generation. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) showed a striking inter-individual variability among different FV Leiden carriers and, especially when measured in the presence of APC, correlated with VTE risk. Several SNPs in the F2 (rs1799963, rs3136516), F10 (rs693335), SERPINC1 (rs2227589), PROS1 (Heerlen polymorphism) and TFPI (rs5940) genes significantly affected the ETPAPC and/or the ETP+APC in FV Leiden carriers. Most of these SNPs have shown an association with VTE risk in conventional epidemiological studies, suggesting that the genetic dissection of thrombin generation leads to the detection of clinically relevant SNPs. In conclusion, we have identified several SNPs that modulate thrombin generation in FV Leiden heterozygotes. These SNPs may help explain the large variability in VTE risk observed among different FV Leiden carriers.
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Vincent, Lisa M., Sinh Tran, Van Tran-Fadulu, William P. Dubinsky, Bjorn Dahlback, and Dianna M. Milewicz. "Dysregulation of Alternative Splicing of Coagulation Factor V Results in Bleeding Disorder, East Texas Type." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.180.180.
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Abstract Factor V has recently been observed to act as a synergistic anticoagulant cofactor in the activated Protein C (APC) pathway; however, the importance of factor V’s anticoagulant nature in vivo is poorly understood. A novel autosomal dominant bleeding disorder, which is characterized by excessive bleeding with trauma or surgery and menorrhagia in affected women, was identified in a large family (16 affected individuals) from east Texas. Affected members had a prolongation of their PT and/or aPTT. Clinical studies indicated normal activities and levels of all coagulation factors. Linkage analysis mapped the defective gene to 1q23–24 (LODmax 7.33), which contains the gene for coagulation factor V (FV). An alteration (A2440G)in the FV gene in exon 13, which encodes the entire B-domain of the wildtype protein, segregates with disease and was not present in 62 controls. Interestingly, this alteration falls on the 5′ splice site (TA/GT) of an alternative splicing variant confirmed by RT-PCR of control liver and leukocytes. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis demonstrated that this splice variant produces a low abundance, 250kD isoform of FV in control plasma. The A2440G alteration can theoretically form a higher efficiency consensus site for splicing (TG/GT). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirms this improved efficiency with an increase of splicing seen in patients’ RNA from leukocytes (n=3) versus controls (n=3). This translates into an approximately 20-fold increase in the 250kD isoform of FV seen in patients’ plasma (n=6) versus controls (n=5), while wildtype FV levels remain equivalent. Co-precipitation with Vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors from patient plasma suggests that this isoform interacts with known FV-interacting proteins (Figure 1). A recombinant of this splicing event (FV-703) exhibited normal activation by thrombin and normal prothrombinase activity when compared to the wildtype recombinant. Thrombin-activated FV-703 also showed normal degradation by APC, while intact FV-703 displayed an increased sensitivity to APC that was more striking in the presence of PS (Figure 2). We hypothesize that this novel isoform has a stronger affinity for APC in the presence of PS than wildtype FV and works primarily as a cofactor in the APC pathway to heighten the overall anticoagulant activity in the bloodstream. These data indicate that A2440G up-regulates an alternatively spliced transcript of FV, and increases a FV isoform that hinders coagulation as opposed to promoting it like its wildtype counterpart. As verified by this unique mutation, this novel alternative splicing of coagulation FV is an important physiological event that can result in disease if its delicate balance is disrupted. Figure 1: Immunoblot analysis. 8% SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins eluted from aluminum hydroxide Lanes 1 and 7 are protein standard size markers. Lanes 2 and 3 are unrelated controls. Lanes 4–6 are related, unknown disease status patients without the disease haplotype. Lanes 8–10 are related, unknown affected status patients with the disease haplotype. Lanes 11–13 are affected individuals with disease haplotype. FV was detected using monolconal against the heavy chain (AHV-5146), and the Arnerrham ECF Western Blotting Detection Kit was used to develop the western blots. Mr indicates molecular range. Figure 1:. Immunoblot analysis. 8% SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins eluted from aluminum hydroxide Lanes 1 and 7 are protein standard size markers. Lanes 2 and 3 are unrelated controls. Lanes 4–6 are related, unknown disease status patients without the disease haplotype. Lanes 8–10 are related, unknown affected status patients with the disease haplotype. Lanes 11–13 are affected individuals with disease haplotype. FV was detected using monolconal against the heavy chain (AHV-5146), and the Arnerrham ECF Western Blotting Detection Kit was used to develop the western blots. Mr indicates molecular range. Figure 2: Degradation of FV by APC +/− PS. Recombinant wildtype FV and FV-703 were incubated with varying amounts of APC in the absence or presence of 100nM PS for 10 minutes at 37C. After stopping the reaction by dilution, the samples were activated with thrombin and tested in a PTase assay for undegraded FV activity. Figure 2:. Degradation of FV by APC +/− PS. Recombinant wildtype FV and FV-703 were incubated with varying amounts of APC in the absence or presence of 100nM PS for 10 minutes at 37C. After stopping the reaction by dilution, the samples were activated with thrombin and tested in a PTase assay for undegraded FV activity.
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Poudyal, Damodar, Eva Rosenqvist, and Carl-Otto Ottosen. "Phenotyping from lab to field – tomato lines screened for heat stress using Fv/Fm maintain high fruit yield during thermal stress in the field." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 1 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp17317.
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This study aimed to phenotype young tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants for heat tolerance by measuring Fv/Fm after short-term heat treatments in climate chambers and selected sensitive (low Fv/Fm) and tolerant (high Fv/Fm) cultivars to investigate their in-field performance. Twenty-eight genotypes were phenotyped at 40:28°C for 2 days in climate chambers. A second screening (four high Fv/Fm and four low Fv/Fm genotypes) was conducted for 4 days at 38:28°C, followed by 5 days’ recovery (26:20°C). The tolerant genotypes maintained high net photosynthesis (PN) and increased stomatal conductance (gs) at 38°C, allowing better leaf cooling. Sensitive genotypes had lower Fv/Fm and PN at 38°C, and gs increased less than in the tolerant group, reducing leaf cooling. Under controlled conditions, all eight genotypes had the same plant size and pollen viability, but after heat stress, plant size and pollen viability reduced dramatically in the sensitive group. Two tolerant and two sensitive genotypes were grown in the field during a heat wave (38:26°C). Tolerant genotypes accumulated more biomass, had a lower heat injury index and higher fruit yield. To our knowledge, this is the first time screening for heat tolerance by Fv/Fm in climate chambers was verified by a field trial under natural heat stress. The differences after heat stress in controlled environments were comparable to those in yield between tolerant and sensitive groups under heat stress in the field. The results suggest that Fv/Fm is effective for early detection of heat tolerance, and screening seedlings for heat sensitivity can speed crop improvement.
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Téblick, Laura, Severien Van Keer, Annemie De Smet, Pierre Van Damme, Michelle Laeremans, Alejandra Rios Cortes, Koen Beyers, et al. "Impact of Collection Volume and DNA Extraction Method on the Detection of Biomarkers and HPV DNA in First-Void Urine." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071989.
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The potential of first-void (FV) urine as a non-invasive liquid biopsy for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and other biomarkers has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. In this study, we investigated whether the volume of this initial urine stream has an impact on the analytical performance of biomarkers. In parallel, we evaluated different DNA extraction protocols and introduced an internal control in the urine preservative. Twenty-five women, diagnosed with high-risk HPV, provided three home-collected FV urine samples using three FV urine collection devices (Colli-Pee) with collector tubes that differ in volume (4, 10, 20 mL). Each collector tube was prefilled with Urine Conservation Medium spiked with phocine herpesvirus 1 (PhHV-1) DNA as internal control. Five different DNA extraction protocols were compared, followed by PCR for GAPDH and PhHV-1 (qPCR), HPV DNA, and HBB (HPV-Risk Assay), and ACTB (methylation-specific qPCR). Results showed limited effects of collection volume on human and HPV DNA endpoints. In contrast, significant variations in yield for human endpoints were observed for different DNA extraction methods (p < 0.05). Additionally, the potential of PhHV-1 as internal control to monitor FV urine collection, storage, and processing was demonstrated.
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Erdem, Arzum, and Ece Eksin. "Impedimetric Sensing of Factor V Leiden Mutation by Zip Nucleic Acid Probe and Electrochemical Array." Biosensors 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10090116.
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A carbon nanofiber enriched 8-channel screen-printed electrochemical array was used for the impedimetric detection of SNP related to Factor V Leiden (FV Leiden) mutation, which is the most common inherited form of thrombophilia. FV Leiden mutation sensing was carried out in three steps: solution-phase nucleic acid hybridization between zip nucleic acid probe (Z-probe) and mutant type DNA target, followed by the immobilization of the hybrid on the working electrode area of array, and measurement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The selectivity of the assay was tested against mutation-free DNA sequences and synthetic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples. The developed biosensor was a trustful assay for FV Leiden mutation diagnosis, which can effectively discriminate wild type and mutant type even in PCR samples.
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Gill, Andrew, Joanna Harrison, Ian Holwill, Peter A. Lowe, and Mike Hoare. "Determination of Bioactive Protein Product Produced During Fermentation Using an Optical Biosensor." Protein & Peptide Letters 3, no. 3 (June 1996): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986650303220615111202.
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Abstract: The fermentation of Escherichia coli to produce recombinant antibody fragments, Dl.3 Fv, specific for hen egg lysozyme, has been studied. The expression of antibody fragments has been monitored using an optical biosensor system to detect bioactive Fv in broth and cell homogenate supcrnatants during the course of fermentation. The system has permitted rapid detection, within seconds of sample application to the sensor, of bioactive product. Increase in pcriplasmic product was first detected 4 hours after inoculation of the vessel.
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Samková, G., M. Galdíková, V. Schwarzbacherová, and S. Koleničová. "Detection of Chromosomal Breaks Induced by Thiacloprid in Human Lypmhocytes and Detection of Double-Strand Breaks Based on γH2AX Histone Phosphorylation." Folia Veterinaria 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2019-0035.
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Abstract Thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used to control various species of pests in the current agriculture of today. The potential genotoxic effects of thiacloprid on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated in vitro by chromosome aberrations (CA), and double-strand breaks (DSB), which were detected by the phosphorylation of γH2AX histone. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 µg.ml−1 doses for the last 24 and 48 hours of culture. Thiacloprid increased CA at the concentrations of 240, 480 μg.ml−1 (P < 0.05), but these results did not confirm genotoxicity. The mitotic index (MI) was important to us; it served as a basis for the confirmation of the cytotoxicity of this insecticide. During 48 hours of culture, at the concentration of 480 µg.ml−1, its value rapidly decreased (0.42) (P < 0.001), which did not allow us to analyse the results because of the high cytotoxic response.
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Wen, Shuangya, Nan Shi, Junwei Lu, Qianwen Gao, Wenrui Hu, Zhengdengyuan Cao, Jianxiang Lu, Huibin Yang, and Zhiqiang Gao. "Continuous Wavelet Transform and Back Propagation Neural Network for Condition Monitoring Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Fv/Fm of Rice Leaves." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081197.
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The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm (maximum photosynthetic efficiency of optical system II) is an intrinsic index for exploring plant photosynthesis. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can be used for rapid nondestructive detection of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Existing studies show that there is a good correlation between the vegetation index and Fv/Fm. However, due to the limited hyperspectral information reflected by the vegetation index, the established model often cannot reach the ideal accuracy. Therefore, this study took rice as the research object and explored the internal relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and spectral reflectance by setting different fertilization treatments. Spectral sensitive information was extracted by vegetation index and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to explore a more suitable method for Fv/Fm hyperspectral estimation at the rice leaf scale. Then a monitoring model of Fv/Fm in rice leaves was established by the back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm. The results showed that: (1) the accuracy of univariate models constructed by Fv/Fm inversion based on 10 commonly used vegetation indices constructed by traditional methods was low; (2) The correlation between leaf hyperspectral reflectance and Fv/Fm could be effectively improved by using CWT, and the accuracy of the univariate model constructed by using the best wavelet coefficients could reach the level of rough evaluation of Fv/Fm; (3) The effect of wavelet transform using different mother wavelet functions as the basis function was different, and bior3.3 function was the best; R2, RMSE and RPD of the BPNN model constructed by using the first 10 best wavelet coefficients decomposed by the bior3.3 was 0.823 6, 0.013 2 and 2.304 3. In conclusion, this study proves that CWT can effectively extract sensitive bands of rice leaves for Fv/Fm monitoring, providing a reference for the follow-up rapid and nondestructive monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence.
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Morimont, Laure, Nathalie Donis, Céline Bouvy, François Mullier, Jean-Michel Dogné, and Jonathan Douxfils. "Laboratory Testing for the Evaluation of Phenotypic Activated Protein C Resistance." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 48, no. 06 (September 2022): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758162.
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AbstractActivated protein C (APC) resistance (APCR) is considered a risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most common genetic disorder conferring APCR is a factor (F) V Leiden mutation, but many other factors are also implicated, such as other F5 mutations (e.g., FV Hong-Kong and FV Cambridge), protein S deficiency, elevated factor VIII, exogenous hormone use, pregnancy and postpartum, depending on how APCR is defined. Considering the large population affected, the detection of this phenotype is crucial. Two types of tests are currently available: clotting time-based assays (with several versions) and thrombin generation-based assays with the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP)-based assay. The purpose of this review is therefore to discuss the performances of these tests and the cases in which it would be appropriate to use one over the other. Initially, as APCR was thought to be solely related to the FV Leiden mutation, the objective was to obtain a 100% specific assay. Clotting-time based assays were thus specifically designed to detect this inherited condition. Later on, an APCR condition without a FV Leiden mutation was identified and highlighted as an independent risk factor of VTE. Therefore, the development of a less specific assay was needed and a global coagulation test was proposed, known as the ETP-based APCR assay. In light of the above, these tests should not be used for the same purpose. Clotting time-based assays should only be recommended as a screening test for the detection of FV mutations prior to confirmation by genetic testing. On the other hand, the ETP-based APC resistance assay, in addition to being able to detect any type of APCR, could be proposed as a global screening test as it assesses the entire coagulation process.
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Jeevanandan, V., and I. Kožárová. "Total Antibiotics — A New Possible Alternative for the Screening of Coccidiostat Residues in Poultry Meat." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0022.
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Abstract The Total Antibiotics test is a microbial inhibition test which has been recently introduced for the detection of antibiotics in meat. The aim of this study was to determine whether it would be suitable for the detection of coccidiostats in poultry meat. A comparison with the Premi®Test was assessed also for the suitability of the detection of coccidiostats in poultry meat. A selection of poultry meat samples of different organ parts were assessed with 14 samples from Slovakian farms that had previously been tested for coccidiostats by the Veterinary and Food Institute in Košice. In addition, another 8 samples from varied Slovakian supermarkets such as Lidl, Billa and Tesco with samples of chicken or duck meat, were tested. Each prepared sample was added to the Total Antibiotics kit tubes and incubated. The samples from all sources showed a mixture of positive and negative results for the detection of coccidiostats. For the Premi®Test, the samples used the same extraction procedure as the Total Antibiotics, placed in Premi®Test kit tubes and incubated. The Premi®Test demonstrated a mixture of positive and negative results, as similar to the Total Antibiotics for coccidiostats in the poultry farm samples. However, the Premi Test revealed many more negative results for the supermarket sources compared to the Total Antibiotics. Therefore, based on the total number of positive results, we concluded that Total Antibiotics is more sensitive for the detection of coccidiostats in poultry meat, but depending on the source of the samples, both Total Antibiotics and Premi®Test had either similar or opposite results for the detection of coccidiostats.
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Churnside, James H., Eirik Tenningen, and James J. Wilson. "Comparison of data-processing algorithms for the lidar detection of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 6 (February 21, 2009): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp026.
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Abstract Churnside, J. H., Tenningen, E., and Wilson, J. J. 2009. Comparison of data-processing algorithms for the lidar detection of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1023–1028. A broad-scale lidar survey was conducted in the Norwegian Sea in summer 2002. Since then, various data-processing techniques have been developed, including manual identification of fish schools, multiscale median filtering, and curve fitting of the lidar profiles. In the automated techniques, applying a threshold to the data, as carrried out already to eliminate plankton scattering, has been demonstrated previously to improve the correlation between lidar and acoustic data. We applied these techniques to the lidar data of the 2002 survey and compared the results with those of a mackerel (Scomber scombrus) survey done by FV “Endre Dyrøy” and FV “Trønderbas” during the same period. Despite a high level of variability in both lidar and trawl data, the broad-scale distribution of fish inferred from the lidar agreed with that of mackerel caught by the FV “Endre Dyrøy”. This agreement was obtained using both manual and automated processing of the lidar data. This work is the first comparison of concurrent lidar and trawl surveys, and it demonstrates the utility of airborne lidar for mackerel studies.
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Ayinmode, A. B., O. O. Obebe, and C. O. Aiki-Raji. "Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies in Farmed Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo)." Folia Veterinaria 61, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2017-0011.
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Abstract Several seroprevalence studies have been conducted on the natural infections of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic chickens around the world but only a few have published data on turkeys. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of exposure of farmed Nigerian turkeys to T. gondii infection. Sera obtained from 320 turkeys reared intensively in 3 states of southwest Nigeria were screened for T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test. Antibodies were detected in 4.1 % (13/320) of the turkeys with titres of 1 : 20 in 7 turkeys, 1 : 40 in 5 and 1 : 80 in 1, while none was seropositive at 1 : 160 or 1 : 320. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was comparable among turkeys regardless of their breed, age, location and management system (P > 0.05). None of the variables were significantly associated with T. gondii antibodies by multivariate logistic regression. This first report of T. gondii infections in Nigerian turkeys recommends that turkey meat and its products be adequately processed before consumption.
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Bóna, G., and K. Šiviková. "Detection of Mutations in Selected Proto-Oncogenes of Canine Lymphoma." Folia Veterinaria 61, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2017-0036.
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Abstract Lymphomas belong among the most frequently diagnosed tumours of the haematopoietic system in dogs. The clinical manifestations and genetic and molecular basis of canine lymphoma resembles those of human non-Hodgkin lymphoma and therefore it can serve as a suitable model for the study of this disease. Neoplastic diseases are the consequence of a number of genetic and epigenetic changes in somatic cells. One of such changes are gene mutations that can subsequently cause changes in the activity of proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. The aim of our study was to detect potential mutations in selected exons of proto-oncogenes in DNA isolated from samples of lymphoma obtained from two donors - a Bernese Mountain Dog and a female mongrel. On the basis of literary data descriptions of human and canine haematopoietic neoplastic diseases, our investigations of potential changes in DNA focused on proto- oncogenes C-KIT - exons 8, 17; NRAS - exons 1, 2;FLT3 - exons 14, 15 and 20. The investigated samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to sequencing. The DNA sequences were compared with reference sequences in the database Ensembl. The comparison of sequences of the C-KIT gene revealed an A/G transition at the 35th nucleotide of exon 8 in the mongrel. It involved a synonymous exchange of the nucleotide in the codon that did not cause a change in the amino acid. In the same sample we recorded several point mutations in the intron regions surrounding the exons 14 and 20 of the FLT3 gene. Changes in the intron regions can affect the expression of genes and thus can play an important role in the origin and development of tumours. No genetic mutations were detected in any gene regions of the Bernese Mountain Dog. In the case of the NRAS gene, no changes were observed in any sample collected from the donors.
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Lucena, Cicero Cartaxo de, Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Hermínia Emilia Prieto Martinez, and Paulo Roberto Cecon. "Salt stress change chlorophyll fluorescence in mango." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 34, no. 4 (December 2012): 1245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452012000400034.
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This study evaluated the tolerance of mango cultivars 'Haden', 'Palmer', 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Uba' grafted on rootstock 'Imbú' to salt stress using chlorophyll fluorescence. Plants were grown in modified Hoagland solution containing 0, 15, 30, and 45 mmol L-1 NaCl. At 97 days the parameters of the chlorophyll fluorescence (F0, Fm, Fv, F0/Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII = [(Fm'-Fs)/(Fm')], D = (1- Fv'/Fm') and ETR = (ΦPSII×PPF×0,84×0,5) were determined. At 100 days, the leaf emission and leaf area, toxicity and leaf abscission indexes were determined. In all cultivars evaluated, in different degree, there were decreases in photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, enhanced concentrations from 15 mmol L-1 NaCl. The decreases in the potential quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were 27.9, 18.7, 20.5, and 27.4%, for cultivars 'Haden', 'Palmer', 'Tommy Atkins', and 'Uba', respectively, when grown in 45 mmol L-1 NaCl. It was found decreases in leaf emission and mean leaf area in all cultivars from 15 mmol L-1 NaCl. There were increases in leaf toxicity of 33.0, 67.5, 41.6 and 80.8% and in leaf abscission of 71.8, 29.2, 32.5, and 67.9% for the cultivars 'Haden', 'Palmer', 'Tommy Atkins', and 'Uba' respectively, when grown in 45 mmol L-1 NaCl. Leaf toxicity and leaf abscission were not observed in 15 mmol L-1 NaCl. The decrease in Fv/Fm ratio were accompanied by decreasing in leaf emission and increased leaf toxicity index, showing, therefore, the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence in the early detection of salt stress in mango tree.
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Park, Chanho, Sumin Lim, Daniel Cha, and Jongpil Jeong. "Fv-AD: F-AnoGAN Based Anomaly Detection in Chromate Process for Smart Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 7549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157549.
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Anomaly detection for quality prediction has recently become important, as data collection has increased in various fields, such as smart factories and healthcare systems. Various attempts have been made in the existing manufacturing process to improve discrimination accuracy due to data imbalance in the anomaly detection model. Predicting the quality of a chromate process has a significant influence on the completeness of the process, and anomaly detection is important. Furthermore, obtaining image data, such as monitoring during the manufacturing process, is difficult, and prediction is challenging owing to data imbalance. Accordingly, the model employs an unsupervised learning-based Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model, performs learning with only normal data images, and augments the Fast Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with GAN (F-AnoGAN) base with a visualization component to provide a more intuitive judgment of defects with chromate process data. In addition, anomaly scores are calculated based on mapping in the latent space, and new data are applied to confirm anomaly detection and the corresponding location values. As a result, this paper presents a GAN architecture to detect anomalies through chromate facility data in a smart manufacturing environment. It proved meaningful performance and added visualization parts to provide explainable interpretation. Data experiments on the chromate process show that the loss value, anomaly score, and anomaly position are accurately distinguished from abnormal images.
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Lerch, Till D., Sébastien Zwingelstein, Florian Schmaranzer, Adam Boschung, Markus S. Hanke, Inga A. S. Todorski, Simon D. Steppacher, et al. "Posterior Extra-articular Ischiofemoral Impingement Can Be Caused by the Lesser and Greater Trochanter in Patients With Increased Femoral Version: Dynamic 3D CT–Based Hip Impingement Simulation of a Modified FABER Test." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 232596712199062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121990629.
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Background: Posterior extra-articular hip impingement has been described for valgus hips with increased femoral version (FV). These patients can present clinically with lack of external rotation (ER) and extension and with a positive posterior impingement test. But we do not know the effect of the combination of deformities, and the impingement location in early flexion is unknown. Purpose: To evaluate patient-specific 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans of hips with increased FV and control hips for differences in range of motion, location and prevalence of osseous posterior intra- and extra-articular hip impingement. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Osseous 3D models based on segmentation of 3D CT scans were analyzed for 52 hips (38 symptomatic patients) with positive posterior impingement test and increased FV (>35°). There were 26 hips with an increased McKibbin instability index >70 (unstable hips). Patients were mainly female (96%), with an age range of 18 to 45 years. Of them, 21 hips had isolated increased FV (>35°); 22 hips had increased FV and increased acetabular version (AV; >25°); and 9 valgus hips (caput-collum-diaphyseal angle >139°) had increased FV and increased AV. The control group consisted of 20 hips with normal FV, normal AV, and no valgus (caput-collum-diaphyseal angle <139°). Validated 3D CT–based collision detection software for impingement simulation was used to calculate impingement-free range of motion and location of hip impingement. Surgical treatment was performed after the 3D CT–based impingement simulation in 27 hips (52%). Results: Hips with increased FV had significantly ( P < .001) decreased extension and ER at 90° of flexion as compared with the control group. Posterior impingement was extra-articular (92%) in hips with increased FV. Valgus hips with increased FV and AV had combined intra- and extra-articular impingement. Posterior hip impingement occurred between the ischium and the lesser trochanter at 20° of extension and 20° of ER. Impingement was located between the ischium and the greater trochanter or intertrochanteric area at 20° of flexion and 40° of ER, with a modification of the flexion-abduction-ER (FABER) test. Conclusion: Posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral hip impingement can be caused by the lesser and greater trochanter or the intertrochanteric region. We recommend performing the modified FABER test during clinical examination in addition to the posterior impingement test for female patients with high FV. In addition, 3D CT can help for surgical planning, such as femoral derotation osteotomy and/or hip arthroscopy or resection of the lesser trochanter.
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Hriciková, S., I. Kožárová, D. McGoldrick, and O. McCaul. "Detection of Antibiotic Residues and Mycotoxins in Milk Using Competitive Immunochromatographic Tests." Folia Veterinaria 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0004.
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Abstract As milk should be free from harmful substances before leaving the farm, this study provides the results of the analysis of the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues and Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk samples obtained within one year from Ireland and Slovakia. To evaluate the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues, Duplex BT Scan assay, produced by Zeulab S. L. was used. For the detection of AFM1, AflaM1 Scan (Zeulab S. L.) tests were used. Of a total of 69 raw cow’s milk samples analysed, 40 samples were obtained from the farms in Slovakia and 29 samples from the farms in Ireland. Among the 69 analysed samples, 17 (24.6 %) samples were tested positive for the presence of β-lactam residues, 12 (17.4 %) samples for tetracycline residues and 59 (88.4 %) samples for AFM1. Milk samples positive for antibiotic residues and mycotoxins were not acceptable and it is important that the reputation of milk as a healthy and safe food is protected worldwide. Dairy farmers and consumers want to be confident that milk and milk products are of high quality and free of all pharmacologically active substances and toxins.
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Challa, RatnaKumari, and Kanusu Srinivasa Rao. "Hybrid Approach for Detection of Objects from Images Using Fisher Vector and PSO Based CNN." Ingénierie des systèmes d information 26, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/isi.260508.
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Owing to the near connection between object recognition and video processing and picture perception, a lot of research interest has been received in recent years. Standard methods of object detection are focused on manufactured technologies and slow-moving architectures. Fisher Vectors (FV) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are two picture arrangement pipelines with various qualities. While CNNs have indicated predominant exactness on various order assignments, FV classifiers are normally less exorbitant to prepare and assess. In this paper we propose a mechanism for detection of objects in image based on Fisher kernel and CNN with a PSO optimization technique. Here fisher kernel draws the global or statically features from the image object and CNN is used for local and more complex feature extraction from an image and here we use CNN with PSO to reduce the training complexity. Performance results shows that the proposed model is detect the object better than the existing models.
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Agyemang Duah, Stella, Zsuzsa Nagy, and Lajos Helyes. "The effect of different shading net on the Quantum Efficiency of PS II in chilli pepper cultivar ‘Star Flame’." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/3673.
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The study was undertaken to identify the effect of different shading net on the quantum efficiency of PS II on ‘Star Flame’ chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) over a period of time cultivated under plastic house environment. ‘Star Flame’ pepper was grown under red shading net and samples without shading were used as control. Analysis of photosynthetic activity revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between Fv/Fm values in control and red shading at the end of July (p = 0.031) after the first harvest. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm reflects the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) used in the detection of early stress in plants.
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Krišová, M., and I. Kožárová. "Detection of Residues of Antimicrobial Compounds in Eggs by the Rapid Screening Methods." Folia Veterinaria 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0027.
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Abstract Eggs belong to the most frequently consumed products of animal origin worldwide, and therefore the safety of eggs is a substantiated issue. Conventional poultry rearing involves the use of antimicrobials added to their feed or potable water particularly for disease treatment, however, in some countries also for the prevention of diseases, promotion of growth and better utilisation of the feed. Thus, effective control of residues of such substances in eggs is very important for the protection of the public health. The aim of this study was to detect the potential presence of antimicrobial residues in fresh hen eggs using commercially available rapid screening methods (Premi®Test and EXP Ampulle test) and compare the results of both of these tests. We examined 22 samples randomly selected from among 66 samples purchased in 11 European countries. We respected the procedures as supplied by the manufacturers of the tests together with their respective test kits. The examination of eggs by the Premi®Test did not detect the presence of antimicrobial residues in the samples, while the EXP Ampulle test provided 8 positive and 6 dubious results. Our results allowed us to conclude that the EXP Ampulle appears to be more sensitive and allows one to carry out more effective control of the presence of antimicrobial residues in hen eggs intended for human consumption.
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Zigo, F., S. Illia, Š. Halás, J. Arvaiová, M. Vargová, K. Veszelits Laktičová, and F. I. Rehan. "Detection of Some Virulence Factors in Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cows and Ewes." Folia Veterinaria 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2022-0034.
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Abstract About 150 million families around the world are engaged in milk production. However, inflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) remains a major problem in dairy ruminants that affects the quality of milk worldwide. The aim of this study was the examination of udder health with detection of contagious and environmental pathogens causing mastitis in 960 and 940 dairy cows and ewes, respectively. The presence of selected virulence factors such as: the formation of haemolysis, gelatinase, biofilm, hydrolyse DNA, and resistance to antibiotics with detection of methicillin resistance gene (mecA), were determined in selected virulence factors associated with isolated staphylococci. These isolated staphylococci with selected virulence factors can have untoward effects on the severity of mastitis. The results of our study indicated that, in addition to the major udder pathogens (S. aureus, S. uberis, and S. agalactiae) causing mastitis, non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), is a major risk to dairy cows and ewes. NAS, such as S. chromogenes, S. warneri, and S. xylosus isolated from infected animals with clinical and chronic mastitis, had the highest representation of virulence factors in comparison to less virulent strains. In addition, the isolates of S. aureus and NAS demonstrated 77.0 % and 44.2 % resistance to one or more antimicrobial classes from mastitic milk samples obtained from dairy cows and ewes, respectively. Due to the high resistance to β-lactamantibiotics in two isolates of S. aureus and two species of NAS isolated from cows’ mastitic milk samples, the presence of a methicillin-resistant gene mecA poses serious complications for the treatment and a serious health risk to milk consumers.
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Haas, Thorsten, Melissa M. Cushing, and Lars M. Asmis. "Influence of Factor V Deficiency on ROTEM® Clotting Time." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5039.5039.
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Abstract Introduction Acquired factor V (FV) deficiency is repeatedly mentioned to be a major driver of trauma induced coagulopathy. Viscoelastic point-of-care tests such as ROTEM® seem to be advantageous in detection and guidance of trauma related bleeding management. Physiologic effect of FV can be characterized by an increase in thrombin building, which can be detected by ROTEM® clotting time (CT). However, the impact of varying levels of factor V activity in otherwise normal plasma on ROTEM® CT is not yet published. The aim of this in vitro investigation is to assess if mild to moderate factor V deficiency can be detected by ROTEM® CT. Methods Factor V deficient plasma (Code 0020011500; Instrumentation Laboratories, Bedford, MA, USA) and normal human plasma (pooled, FV content 96%) was mixed to generate plasma with 0, 10, 16, 25, 50 and 100% FV content. The FV deficient plasma is rendered FV deficient by immunologic means and has FV activity of ≤1%. ROTEM® (TEM International GmbH, Munich, Germany) measurements were performed in each plasma dilution to assess impact of different levels of FV on thrombin generation. Measurements were repeated in triplicate. Clotting time (CT) was plotted against FV activity. Data is depicted as mean +/- SD. Results ROTEM® measurements showed a prolongation of clotting time with decreasing FV activity. A decrease of factor V activity from 100% to approximately 25% was accompanied by a slight change in CT from 50 sec to approximately 65 sec. If factor V activity drops significantly to less than 10%, a much more pronounced prolongation in CT of more 140 sec was observed. Discussion Most publications dealing with acquired factor V deficiency following trauma related bleeding reference a prospective study demonstrating that factor V becomes critically low in about 20% of all cases. Those levels of below 30% factor activity were linked to an increase in TEG® r time, which is comparable to the ROTEM® CT, similar to the results in our study. Notably, a case control study demonstrated that factor V remained fairly stable (77% ± 29%) in trauma patients with no decrease in thrombin generation. Likewise, another case control study in trauma patients demonstrated that EXTEM CT remained within reference range (median 64 sec (IQR 55,75 sec)). Conclusion Moderate to severe factor V deficiency can be detected by prolongation of ROTEM® CT in platelet poor plasma (PPP). Further studies will help to determine if platelets added to PPP may further decrease ROTEM® CT, as approximately 20% of the entire FV pool is stored in platelet α-granules in a partially activated form. In addition, the occurrence and the potential clinical impact of factor V deficiency in trauma related bleeding management needs to be further investigated. Disclosures Haas: CSL Behring: Honoraria; Octapharma: Honoraria; TEM International: Honoraria.
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Watkins, H. S., and I. Kožárová. "Broad Spectrum Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Poultry Meat by a Multi-Plate Assay." Folia Veterinaria 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2019-0022.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to use the “Screening test for antibiotic residues” (STAR) as a broad-spectrum detection method for antibiotic residues in poultry meat. The STAR method is a microbiological inhibition assay (a five plate test) where the development of inhibition zones (IZs) indicates the presence of antibiotic residues in meat samples. By using the STAR method, in a total of 13 poultry products providing 18 meat samples (14 muscle and 4 skin) and 18 corresponding juice samples, 11 out of the 18 samples were positive for containing antibiotic residues. Based on muscle alone (which is the matrix validated for use in the STAR method), 6 of the 14 muscle samples were positive for antibiotic residues. The STAR method as a screening technique proves advantageous as it is relatively easy to perform and of a low cost. Furthermore, the STAR method not only indicates the presence or absence of antibacterial substances, but simultaneously, a positive sample gives an indication of the antibiotic family present due to the use of five different bacterial test organisms. Families of antibiotics pre-identified due to positive samples in the results of this study include aminoglycosides (one out of 18), beta-lactams and sulphonamides (6 out of 18), and macrolides (5 out of 18). Such pre-identification of the antimicrobial families allows for a targeted confirmatory analysis. However, one could argue that the STAR method is laborious and time consuming. Overall, given the potential for false positive/negative results, further confirmatory method analysis of the samples must be performed to ensure that the results and conclusions drawn here are true.
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Famuyide, I. M., M. I. Takeet, A. O. Talabi, and E. B. Otesile. "Molecular Detection and Identification of Piroplasms in Semi-Intensively Managed Cattle from Abeokuta, Nigeria." Folia Veterinaria 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0031.
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AbstractPiroplasmosis is a tick-borne haemolytic disease caused by different species of the Babesia and Theileria genera. Data on the prevalence of bovine piroplasms and their genetic diversity are scanty in Nigeria. Hence, this study reported the detection of some piroplasms in the blood of cattle in Abeokuta, Nigeria by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood samples were collected from 252 cattle and subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification of the partial region of 18S rRNA of the haemoprotozoans. Selected positive amplicons were unidirectionally sequenced and compared to the reference sequences from the Genbank. A total of 220 (87.3 %) cattle were positive for Theileria velifera and/or Babesia bigemina. The T. velifera was detected only in 163 (64.7 %) cattle, while 7 (2.8 %) cattle had a single infection with B. bigemina. Fifty cattle (19.8 %) had mixed infections with both parasites. There were no significant differences in piroplasm infections between the ages of cattle for both parasites. There were no significant differences in infection rates between the sexes for T. velifera, while the males had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) rate of infection for B. bigemina than the female cattle. The molecular detection of Babesia and Theileria species of cattle are reported for the first time in cattle in Abeokuta, Nigeria. This study, which confirmed the endemic nature of the parasites in cattle in the study area, stresses their importance in livestock health and production in Nigeria.
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Hu, Yi, Zhuo Liu, Aiqin Hou, Chase Wu, Wenbin Wei, Yanjun Wang, and Min Liu. "On Fatigue Detection for Air Traffic Controllers Based on Fuzzy Fusion of Multiple Features." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4911005.
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Fatigue detection for air traffic controllers is an important yet challenging problem in aviation safety research. Most of the existing methods for this problem are based on facial features. In this paper, we propose an ensemble learning model that combines both facial features and voice features and design a fatigue detection method through multifeature fusion, referred to as Facial and Voice Stacking (FV-Stacking). Specifically, for facial features, we first use OpenCV and Dlib libraries to extract mouth and eye areas and then employ a combination of M-Convolutional Neural Network (M-CNN) and E-Convolutional Neural Network (E-CNN) to determine the state of mouth and eye closure based on five features, i.e., blinking times, average blinking time, average blinking interval, Percentage of Eyelid Closure over the Pupil over Time (PERCLOS), and Frequency of Open Mouth (FOM). For voice features, we extract the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features of speech. Such facial features and voice features are fused through a carefully designed stacking model for fatigue detection. Real-life experiments are conducted on 14 air traffic controllers in Southwest Air Traffic Management Bureau of Civil Aviation of China. The results show that the proposed FV-Stacking method achieves a detection accuracy of 97%, while the best accuracy achieved by a single model is 92% and the best accuracy achieved by the state-of-the-art detection methods is 88%.
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Shah, Khan, Meyer, Meyer, and Oláh. "Does Herding Bias Drive the Firm Value? Evidence from the Chinese Equity Market." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 5583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205583.
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Equity markets play a pivotal role in the sustainability of developing countries, such as China. The literature on the detection of herding biases is confined to the aggregate level (firms, sector/industry and market). The present study adds to the behavioral finance literature by addressing the surprisingly unnoticed phenomena of the behavioral impact of herding bias on firm value (FV) at the firm level, using the sample of A-Shares listed firms at the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (SSE and SZSE) under panel fixed effect specification. Initially, we detect the existence of investors and managers herding (IHR and MHR) biases at firm-level, and later, we examine their impact (distinct and interactive) upon the FV. The empirical results document the presence of IHR and MHR bias at market, sector and firm-level in both equity markets, which potentially drive the FV, while the impact is more pronounced during the extreme trading period. The findings are robust under different time intervals, and industry classification, therefore, offers useful policy implications to understand the behavioral dynamics of investors and managers.
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Cozaru, Georgeta Camelia, Mariana Aschie, Anca Mitroi, Costel Brinzan, and Anca Chisoi. "The Genetic Profile of Thrombophilia in Reproductive Disorders." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7654.
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Some cases of reproductive disorders have a thrombotic etiology. Considering the importance of establishing the cause of miscarriage, we investigated the incidence and associated risks of the most common thrombophilic genes polymorphism - FV G1691A, FV H1299A, Prothrombin G20210A, PAI-1, Factor XIII V34L, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C and EPCR genes, in women with reproductive disorders. In our research we included 139 women with reproductive disorders and risk for hereditary trombophilia and 139 healthy females without any personal or family history of vein thrombosis or recurrent pregnancy loss. For detection of thrombophilic genes polymorphism we used CVD StripAssay�(ViennaLab, Austria) and the tests� protocols were followed as described by the manufacturer. Our results showed that the concomitant presence of MTHFR A1298C and Factor XIII V34L gene polymorphism had a significant association for recurrent pregnancy loss, while FV H1299A (R2) and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms were correlated with subfertility. We therefore consider that these patients should be recognized as high risk for poor pregnancy outcomes and monitored with specialized follow-up.
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Cozaru, Georgeta Camelia, Mariana Aschie, Anca Mitroi, Costel Brinzan, and Anca Chisoi. "The Genetic Profile of Thrombophilia in Reproductive Disorders." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7654.
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Some cases of reproductive disorders have a thrombotic etiology. Considering the importance of establishing the cause of miscarriage, we investigated the incidence and associated risks of the most common thrombophilic genes polymorphism - FV G1691A, FV H1299A, Prothrombin G20210A, PAI-1, Factor XIII V34L, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C and EPCR genes, in women with reproductive disorders. In our research we included 139 women with reproductive disorders and risk for hereditary trombophilia and 139 healthy females without any personal or family history of vein thrombosis or recurrent pregnancy loss. For detection of thrombophilic genes polymorphism we used CVD StripAssay�(ViennaLab, Austria) and the tests� protocols were followed as described by the manufacturer. Our results showed that the concomitant presence of MTHFR A1298C and Factor XIII V34L gene polymorphism had a significant association for recurrent pregnancy loss, while FV H1299A (R2) and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms were correlated with subfertility. We therefore consider that these patients should be recognized as high risk for poor pregnancy outcomes and monitored with specialized follow-up.
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Ficová, I., and M. Galdíková. "Testing the Potential Clastogenic/Cytotoxic Effects of Pesticide CALYPSO 480 SC." Folia Veterinaria 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2017-0026.
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AbstractThe detection of chromosomal damage serves as a tool for the verification of the genotoxic effects of chemical substancesin vitro. We used conventional cytogenetic analysis in order to test for the potential genotoxic action of the insecticide thiacloprid (the active ingredient in commercial preparation CALYPSO 480 SC). The test cultures of bovine lymphocytes obtained from the peripheral blood were incubated with the insecticide in concentrations of: 30, 120, 240 and 480 μg.ml−1for 24 and 48 hours. After 24 hours of incubation, we observed that the increasing concentrations resulted in a significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) increase in the frequency of DNA damage. Our experiments showed the presence of aberrations of a non-stable type (chromatid and chromosome breakage). The conventional chromosome analysis was supplemented with fluorescencein situhybridization for the detection of numeric and stable structural aberrations. Whole chromosome probes for bovine chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 (BTA 1, BTA 5 and BTA 7) were used in the experiments.
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Okoh, G. R., H. M. Kazeem, G. S. N. Kia, and S. Mailafia. "Evaluation of Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay and Rapid Immuno-Diagnostic Test for Rabies Antigen Detection in Archived Dog Brain Tissues." Folia Veterinaria 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0003.
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Abstract Rabies urgently requires strengthening of new and existing diagnostic methodology in order to overcome the threat it poses. We evaluated the Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and the Rapid Immunodiagnostic Test (RIDT) in detecting rabies viral antigens, comparing both tests with the Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFAT) which is the gold standard in rabies diagnosis. Fifty dog brain tissues collected from the archives of the Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, were utilized for this study. ELISA performed better than RIDT and recorded equivalent result with DFAT as compared with RIDT. There was a 96 % agreement between ELISA and DFAT for rabies antigen detection (concordance coefficient 78 % : 95 % C. I. 0.6366 to 0.8654) while there was a 54 % agreement between RIDT and DFAT (concordance coefficient 17 % : 95 % C. I. 0.05138—0.2752). Compared to DFAT, the sensitivities of ELISA and RIDT were 95.5 % and 47.6 %, respectively, and the specificities of ELISA and RIDT were 100 % and 87.5 % respectively. The simple Cohen’s kappa coefficient for ELISA related to the DFAT was found to be 0.834 (95 % C. I. 0.613—1.0). For RIDT, the Kappa value was 0.170 (95 % C. I. 0.003—0.337). The ELISA is as reliable a diagnostic method as the DFAT which is the gold standard for rabies diagnosis. It has an advantage of being able to analyse large number of samples at the same time, making it more suitable for epidemiological studies and for laboratories that cannot perform the DFAT. The unsatisfactory result of RIDT in this study reiterates the need to perform an adequate test validation before it can be used in the laboratory for rabies diagnosis.