Journal articles on the topic 'Futures market Australia'
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1
Nguyen, Cuong, M. Ishaq Bhatti, and Aziz Hayat. "Volatility linkages in the spot and futures market in Australia: a copula approach." Quality & Quantity 48, no. 5 (August 25, 2013): 2589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9909-2.
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Allen, Matthew, Sora Park, Catherine Middleton, and Peter Thompson. "Broadband Futures: Content, Connectivity and Control." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100115.
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This introduction to the Broadband Futures: Content, Connectivity and Control special issue begins with the claim that we are at the start of a new period of debate and analysis about network infrastructure and use that declares government failure and reinvigorates the drive to a free-market solution in Australia and New Zealand. But questions remain about the effectiveness and social value of network developments, regardless of the degree of government investment and regulation. As canvassed in this introduction, and the articles that make up the special issue, we can only move forward, both in research and practical implementation, if we accept the intricate weaving together of past, present and future interactions between governments, service providers and their consumers in broadband development.
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Lien, Donald, and Li Yang. "Contract settlement specification and price discovery: Empirical evidence in Australia individual share futures market." International Review of Economics & Finance 12, no. 4 (January 2003): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-0560(03)00036-4.
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Keefe, Helena G., and Erick W. Rengifo. "Currency Options, Implied Interest Rates and Inflation Targeting." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n2p119.
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The currency option price is a powerful tool used regularly to determine market expectations on volatility in currencies using the implied volatility measure. This research tests and analyzes whether similar inferences can be made regarding interest rate and inflation expectations. Using historical options data, we derive and analyze implied interest rates during non-inflation targeting (non-IT) and inflation targeting (IT) periods for Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. We compare the results to a control group of countries that had not yet adopted inflation targeting during the period under study: Germany, Japan and Switzerland. Our results show that options prices can provide insights on market expectations on interest rates, that the adoption of inflation targeting strengthens the relationship between market expectations and inflation, and that shocks in interest rates and inflation lead to higher implied interest rates. In determining the potential uses of implied interest rates derived from currency options prices, our goal is not to replace the Federal Funds futures or equivalent tools in advanced economies, rather to present the usefulness of currency options as a tool to provide information to policymakers in emerging market economies. Central banks, such as the Banco Central de Colombia and Banco de Mexico, have been using currency options as tools for foreign exchange intervention or reserve accumulation/decumulation since the early 2000’s, and options markets in these economies have grown rapidly since then. Therefore, establishing the usefulness of implied interest rate measures derived from currency options prices may provide insights to policymakers and practitioners alike.
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Sadiq, Sanusi Mohammed, P. I. Singh, and M. M. Ahmad. "DOES THE LAW OF ONE PRICE (LOP) HOLDS IN THE INTERNATIONAL BARLEY MARKETS." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2020.021.4.1.
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A price time-series data of barley for a period of 49 years (1970-2019) sourced from the FAO database was used to determine the horizontal market integration of barley among some selected major market players in barley trade in the world. The chosen markets are Australia, Canada, Iran, Turkey and the USA based on the availability of up-to-date large span data. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics- unit root tests, co-integration tests, unrestricted vector autoregressive model, Granger causality test and impulse response function. The empirical evidence showed that the law of one price (LOP) exists among the selected markets i.e. there is perfect price communication among the markets in the long run, thus highly integrated. Besides, Australian and Canadian markets established a long-run equilibrium, thus have a stable price in the long run. Furthermore, the import and export hubs of barley in the trade are Canadian, USA and Turkey markets while Iranian and Australian markets are large consumer markets. The empirical evidence showed Canadian and USA markets to be the major players in the trade while the Australian market is a follower in the trade. All the selected markets have promising future prices with a little inflationary trend which will owe to supply fluctuation. The reinforcement of physical infrastructure, the use of ICTs and well-defined consistent agricultural policy/market initiatives would thus lead to the global creation of a single uniform economic market for barley.
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Wong, Peng Yew, Woon-Weng Wong, and Kwabena Mintah. "Residential property market determinants: evidence from the 2018 Australian market downturn." Property Management 38, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-07-2019-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to validate and uncover the key determinants revolving around the Australian residential market downturn towards the 2020s. Design/methodology/approach Applying well-established time series econometric methods over a decade of data set provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, Reserve Bank of Australia and Real Capital Analytics, the significant and emerging drivers impacting the Australian residential property market performance are explored. Findings Besides changes in the significant levels of some key traditional market drivers, housing market capital liquidity and cross-border investment fund were found to significantly impact the Australian residential property market between 2017 and 2019. The presence of some major positive economic conditions such as low interest rate, sustainable employment and population growth was perceived inadequate to uplift the Australian residential property market. The Australian housing market has performed negatively during this period mainly due to diminishing capital liquidity, excess housing supplies and retreating foreign investors. Practical implications A better understanding of the leading and emerging determinants of the residential property market will assist the policy makers to make sound decisions and effective policy changes based on the latest development in the Australian housing market. The results also provide a meaningful path for future property investments and investigations that explore country-specific effects through a comparative analysis. Originality/value The housing market determinants examined in this study revolve around the wider economic conditions in Australia that are not new. However, the coalesce analysis on the statistical results and the current housing market trends revealed some distinguishing characteristics and developments towards the 2020s Australian residential property market downturn.
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Maxwell, D. P. "NATURAL GAS—THE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE MARKET." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85010.
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Australia is a nation rich in natural gas resources.Natural gas markets, historically, have been developed following a major discovery nearby. Natural gas is now firmly entrenched as a major primary fuel in a competitive and dynamic market.Marketing theory indicates that sales of a product can be broken into three phases: introduction-growth, maturity, and decline.The Australian natural gas markets are presently entering the mature phase. To sustain the economic incentive for further exploration, natural gas explorers and producers need to become more aware of the market environment in which they compete. Development of new markets and technology today will ensure the need for gas exploration in the future.
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Harris, John. "Is LNG the panacea for Australia's natural gas?" APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09077.
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Australia already has abundant natural gas reserves. To what extent will LNG exports grow? What is the potential for future conventional gas discoveries? Is there a potential round of additional CBM-sourced LNG projects? Could shale gas contribute to supply? There are already a significant number of proposed LNG projects in Australia. How many more projects might emerge to add to the current tally? In the longer term, Australia has the potential to surpass Qatar as the world’s leading LNG exporter but which markets can help Australia realise that potential? With growing Asian demand for LNG, and buyers historically accustomed to oil-linked long term contracts, the prospects for LNG appear good. But are they? To what extent can growth in Asian gas demand absorb Australian LNG, which itself has to compete with other LNG projects? If Asian demand is satiated, what are the alternative markets? North America provides another potential outlet for Australian LNG exports, but how do the project economics stack up relative to Asia? Does South America offer market opportunities and if so can countries there absorb a meaningful volume of Australian LNG? A detailed consideration of project costs and the outlook for gas prices in Asia and the Americas can help shed light on this question. It can also set Australia’s LNG projects in context relative to its competitors. If LNG is not the panacea for Australia’s natural gas, will alternative monetisation options emerge, and what might they be?
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Hogan, L., S. Thorpe, S. Zheng, L. Ho Trieu, G. Fok, and K. Donaldson. "ESTIMATED NET ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM AUSTRALIA'S UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: 1980-2010." APPEA Journal 36, no. 2 (1996): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95072.
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Australia's oil and gas resources industry has made a significant contribution to the Australian economy and is expected to continue to do so over the next 15 years and beyond. While oil and gas production from Bass Strait has been the most important part of the industry in the past, offshore oil and gas production has increased strongly in northwest Australia over the past decade. Future growth in the industry is expected to be mainly associated with further strong growth in gas production for both domestic use and the export market. This paper contains an assessment of some major net economic benefits from the exploration, development and production of Australia's oil and gas resources during the period 1980 to 2010.
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LEE, Ming-Te, Shew-Huei KUO, Ming-Long LEE, and Chyi Lin LEE. "PRICE DISCOVERY AND VOLATILITY TRANSMISSION IN AUSTRALIAN REIT CASH AND FUTURES MARKETS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1106989.
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This study examines the price discovery function and volatility spillovers in australian real estate investment trust (A-REIT) index futures and also investigates the effects of the global fi- nancial crisis (gfc) on these two features. as opposed to the general understanding of the relationship between the cash and the futures markets, the current study finds that the A-REIT cash market led the a-reIt futures market in price discovery and volatility transmission processes before the gfc. However, during the GFC, the two markets interacted bilaterally in terms of information flow, i.e., in- formation flowed in both directions. Furthermore, after the GFC, the futures market followed the cash market again, but less closely. These findings have broad implications for investors in property assets.
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Banerjee, Swapan. "A Review on Strategic Analysis of Australian Supermarkets." Journal of Production, Operations Management and Economics, no. 26 (November 8, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpome.26.36.45.
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In Australia, Coles and Woolworths are the two primary participants in the grocery sector. They split about 80% of the whole retail market for groceries. In Sydney, one of Australia's major cities, Woolworths launched new food kiosks in 1924, while Coles opened the country's first supermarket in 1960. Coles and Woolworths consistently share most of the market in the Australian supermarket industry, which is known as a "duopoly." Between Coles and Woolworths and its retailers, there has been an imbalance of market power for the last few decades (suppliers). Numerous studies indicate that Woolworths and Coles conduct business in 840 and 741 supermarkets, respectively, in Australia. However, regardless of the three variables, these essential players can only locate a suitable company in the competitive and non-competitive market. The factors are buying power, selling power, and retail chain. This duopoly, dominated by the two big business groups, can potentially serve each retail product, including ready-to-eat foods, fresh food, and other essential retail products. This short article is concerned with the strategic analysis of the two big players in the Australian market, irrespective of environment, socioeconomic, politics, various usable tools, techniques, rules, and regulations. Swot analysis, the Five force model, value, rarity, imitability, and organization (VRIO) have been reviewed and discussed for both the market leaders. The past, present, and future potentialities also have drawn in the article with the snaky diagram and analytical tables. In conclusion, profit margins are obtained due to successful differentiation, which enables the company to demand even higher prices. Additionally, it promotes customer loyalty, which contributes to the financial stability and growth of the business.
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Banerjee, Swapan. "A Review on Strategic Analysis of Australian Supermarkets." Journal of Production, Operations Management and Economics, no. 26 (November 8, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpome26.36.45.
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In Australia, Coles and Woolworths are the two primary participants in the grocery sector. They split about 80% of the whole retail market for groceries. In Sydney, one of Australia's major cities, Woolworths launched new food kiosks in 1924, while Coles opened the country's first supermarket in 1960. Coles and Woolworths consistently share most of the market in the Australian supermarket industry, which is known as a "duopoly." Between Coles and Woolworths and its retailers, there has been an imbalance of market power for the last few decades (suppliers). Numerous studies indicate that Woolworths and Coles conduct business in 840 and 741 supermarkets, respectively, in Australia. However, regardless of the three variables, these essential players can only locate a suitable company in the competitive and non-competitive market. The factors are buying power, selling power, and retail chain. This duopoly, dominated by the two big business groups, can potentially serve each retail product, including ready-to-eat foods, fresh food, and other essential retail products. This short article is concerned with the strategic analysis of the two big players in the Australian market, irrespective of environment, socioeconomic, politics, various usable tools, techniques, rules, and regulations. Swot analysis, the Five force model, value, rarity, imitability, and organization (VRIO) have been reviewed and discussed for both the market leaders. The past, present, and future potentialities also have drawn in the article with the snaky diagram and analytical tables. In conclusion, profit margins are obtained due to successful differentiation, which enables the company to demand even higher prices. Additionally, it promotes customer loyalty, which contributes to the financial stability and growth of the business.
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Higgs, W. G., and P. E. Prass. "AUSTRALIAN GTL CLEAN DIESEL: A STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FOR AUSTRALIA’S STRANDED GAS RESERVES." APPEA Journal 42, no. 2 (2002): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01064.
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Australia’s lack of gas supply infrastructure and market opportunities means that in the northwest of our nation more than 100 trillion cubic feet of gas remains uncommitted to customer contracts.Because of Western Australia’s relatively small domestic gas markets and the long transport distances to larger markets, the belief has been that only the LNG industry has the scale to monetise the large volumes of gas required to underpin greenfield developments and expansion of gas supply infrastructure.Changing fuel specifications around the world, combined with the limited opportunities for new LNG contracts, has renewed interest in gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology as an alternative to crude oil refining for a source of clean and efficient transport fuels. GTL is an exciting new market opportunity for Australian gas.Exploration interest in Australia appears to be waning. Declining opportunities for oil discoveries and the lack of markets for natural gas make investments in Australia’s upstream sector unattractive compared to other locations around the world.In addition, Australia has dwindling crude oil supplies and faces the prospect of increasing reliance on imported crude oil and refined products. An Australian GTL Clean Diesel industry can help overcome these hurdles by creating a designer blendstock and a valuable new GTL Clean Diesel export industry.A GTL Clean Diesel industry would not only help resolve many of Australia’s current upstream and downstream problems in the petroleum industry, but would also provide massive economic benefits to Australia.This paper will look not only at the making but also the marketing of this fuel of the future.
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Zhang, Zhiming, Yongtao Tan, Long Shi, Lei Hou, and Guomin Zhang. "Current State of Using Prefabricated Construction in Australia." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091355.
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The Australian prefabricated construction market has been developing rapidly in recent years. New prefabrication-related technologies, materials, systems and services are also emerging in the current Australian market. Although some studies have been undertaken to explore the benefits and challenges of implementing prefabrication in Australia over the past 15 years, they do not reflect the recent changes in the industry. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap and identify the major changes in the current Australian prefabricated construction industry from industrial perceptions. Through literature reviews and industry interviews, factors reflecting major changes in the current Australian prefabricated construction, including prefabrication industry development, emerging benefits and challenges, were identified and discussed in this study. The challenges identified from interviews were classified into eight aspects related to feasibility, design, manufacturing, transportation, on-site construction, standardisation, skills and knowledge, finance and market. Furthermore, 21 recommendations and related key responsible parties were identified to tackle these challenges. The findings will provide useful references for various stakeholders to have a better understanding of the current prefabrication industry development in the Australian context and re-think how to adapt to future changes for the uptake of prefabricated construction in Australia.
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Knight, Lizzie, and Louise Bell. "Reimagining Australia's shale gas revolution: lessons at home and abroad." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13084.
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In Australia the shale gas debate has been polarised between those extolling its virtues with unchecked enthusiasm on one side and deep wariness on the other. How can we re-imagine Australia’s energy future and what is the proper place for shale gas? With 396 trillion cubic feet of potential shale gas reserves (CSIRO, 2012), Australia stands on a precipice of a golden age of gas, but only if those reserves can be developed profitably and with a higher level of community support and understanding. The development of a shale gas industry is likely to transform the nation’s domestic gas and export LNG markets, increase energy security, and bolster the Australian economy. Community concern and infrastructure constraints, however, stand as barriers to the realisation of the industry. The US is one of the few countries to have developed shale gas to a commercial scale. Facilitative government policies, extensive infrastructure networks, open-access policies, a favourable regulatory framework, a highly competitive industry, and a strong R&D focus have allowed the shale gas industry to flourish. Meanwhile, the nascent Australian unconventional gas industry grapples with community support, regulatory duplication and delays, conflicts about competing resources, productivity decline, and rising capital and labour costs. The development of major CSG to LNG export projects in Queensland will promote competition for gas between domestic and international customers. The eastern Australia domestic gas market will no longer be insulated from the world gas market and the domestic gas price is likely to rise to meet international prices. A shale gas industry in Australia could provide part of the solution to future domestic gas shortages and price hikes. To develop an Australian shale gas industry, however, proponents will require a social licence to operate and access to infrastructure. Government and industry need to act now to implement a coordinated strategy that will enable proponents to secure and maintain their social licence and obtain adequate access to infrastructure. While the existing Australian unconventional gas industry and overseas shale gas experiences are defined by a specific set of circumstances and differ from the Australian shale gas experience in a number of important respects, lessons from shale gas projects abroad is paramount to shaping a mature debate and ensuring this potential opportunity is realised.
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Williams, Jacqueline. "Soils Governance in Australia: challenges of cooperative federalism." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2015.4173.
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This paper analyses soil governance in Australia and the challenges facing sustainable natural resource management within the context of a cooperative system of federation and a globalised market economy. With only 6 per cent of the Australian landmass considered arable, one would assume that protecting Australia’s valuable soil resource would be of national significance. However, Australia currently lacks nationally consistent policies and legal instruments to ensure that its soil is protected, maintained and enhanced for future generations. While recognising that soil governance is a broad discipline encompassing many areas of soil science and management, this discussion will only focus on the soil conservation aspects of sustainable ecosystems and sustainable food and fibre in Australia; it will not explore in depth issues of soil contamination and other pollution related areas. The paper discusses: the state of Australian soils and the managers of these resources; current soil governance in Australia (based on the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations definition); and a case study example of an Australian state approach to landuse conflict and the protection of agricultural lands. The paper highlights policies and institutional arrangements required for the protection of Australian soil and the very communities that are attempting to steward these resources for future generations.
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Reddy Yarram, Subba. "Factors influencing on-market share repurchase decisions in Australia." Studies in Economics and Finance 31, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-02-2013-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing decisions to repurchase shares on-market in Australia. The present study also examines the role of board size, board independence and chief executive officer duality on the decision to repurchase shares on-market by Australian firms. Design/methodology/approach – This study blends the traditional motivations of share repurchases with the influences of governance. The sample consists of all non-financial firms included in the Australian All Ordinaries Index (AOI) for the period 2004-2010. The repurchase sample consists of 104 repurchases undertaken by 62 firms. A probit panel model is used to analyse the decision to repurchase shares on the market. To account for unobserved heterogeneity, random effects panel models are also used. Findings – Analyses of a sample of non-financial firms included in the AOI for the period 2004-2010 show that size is significantly positively correlated with the decision to repurchase shares, thus supporting the agency cost. Findings also support the undervaluation and signalling hypotheses. Similarly, there is evidence in support of the view that firms repurchase shares to reach their target optimal capital structure. The present study also finds a significant positive association between board independence and the decision to repurchase shares in Australia. Research limitations/implications – On-market share repurchases help firms to signal their future growth opportunities and resolve agency conflicts. Signals from repurchases also help markets discover the true fundamental values of firms. Governance plays an important role in improving the effectiveness of on-market share repurchases, as independent directors provide both monitoring and discipline which helps to ensure that firms have valid motivations in undertaking share repurchases. Practical implications – These findings have implications for capital restructuring and governance policies. Principle-based governance frameworks that prevail in countries like Australia work as well as rule-based governance. Originality/value – This study highlights the complementary roles that financial policies and corporate boards play in corporate governance. Independent boards ensure that firms pursue appropriate financial policies that help resolve agency conflicts and information asymmetry problems.
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MacGinley, James, and Brad Calleja. "Financing alternatives in a changing gas landscape." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13089.
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In recent years, Australia has gone through an unprecedented expansion in its oil and gas industry. The demand for capital has been enormous and has resulted in some of the largest project debt financings globally. In the coming years, the funding requirement will change dramatically as projects reach completion; become cash-flow positive; and, owners changing their funding structure from project finance debt to lower cost, lower covenant corporate debt. The development of a number of Australia’s largest oil and gas projects during the past five years coincided with a tightening of capital from the traditional project finance market. This lead to the emergence of export credit agency financing as an integral component of project development. During the past year, however, re-capitalisation of global banks are now re-entering the Australian market and are driving competition and increasing liquidity. This extended abstract covers a review of the funding approaches taken on major Australian LNG projects, including lessons from the funding of CSG projects that may be relevant to other new development markets such as shale gas. It also draws on historical lessons of funding new technologies and provide insight about funding of the next wave of LNG development: floating LNG. The National Australia Bank is one of the largest resources project finance banks globally and is well positioned to provide APPEA’s delegates with relevant insight about the future of debt funding in the oil and gas industry.
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Luck, David. "Revisiting the Future: Assessing the 1994 BTCE Communications Futures Project." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600114.
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In 1994. the former Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics undertook a major study for the Australian government on likely developments in online services over the decade to 2005. At the time, there was a wide level of industry ‘hype’ about the imminent arrival of broadband services to the home. It was also a crrcial time for the Australian government in formulating a range of policies—to encourage competition in the newly opening telecommunications market, to help bring to birth the new pay TV industry and to set the scene for mobile telephony. The CFP provided an economic analysis of these new technologies and the directions in which they might be heading. This paper assesses the extent to which the government research body ‘got it right’ and analyses why it was successful and where it missed the mark. Some of the reasons for the successes and failures illustrate the potential for analytical research to guide governments in their policy formulation.
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Nichols, P. G. H., C. K. Revell, A. W. Humphries, J. H. Howie, E. J. Hall, G. A. Sandral, K. Ghamkhar, and C. A. Harris. "Temperate pasture legumes in Australia—their history, current use, and future prospects." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12194.
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Australian farmers and scientists have embraced the use of new pasture legume species more than those in any other country, with 36 annual and 11 perennial legumes having cultivars registered for use. Lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), and red clover (T. pratense) were introduced by the early European settlers and are still important species in Australia, but several other species, notably annual legumes, have been developed specifically for Australian environments, leading to the evolution of unique farming systems. Subterranean clover (T. subterraneum) and annual medics (Medicago spp.) have been the most successful species, while a suite of new annual legumes, including serradellas (Ornithopus compressus and O. sativus), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) and other Trifolium and Medicago species, has expanded the range of legume options. Strawberry clover (T. fragiferum) was the first non-traditional, perennial legume commercialised in Australia. Other new perennial legumes have recently been developed to overcome the soil acidity and waterlogging productivity constraints of lucerne and white clover and to reduce groundwater recharge and the spread of dryland salinity. These include birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), Talish clover (T. tumens), and hairy canary clover (Dorycnium hirsutum). Stoloniferous red clover cultivars and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) cultivars adapted to southern Australia have also been released, along with a new cultivar of Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum) aimed at overcoming seed production issues of cultivars released in the 1970s. New species under development include the annual legume messina (Melilotus siculus) and the perennial legume narrowleaf lotus (L. tenuis) for saline, waterlogged soils, and the drought-tolerant perennial legume tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata). Traits required in future pasture legumes include greater resilience to declining rainfall and more variable seasons, higher tolerance of soil acidity, higher phosphorous utilisation efficiency, lower potential to produce methane emissions in grazing ruminants, better integration into weed management strategies on mixed farms, and resistance to new pest and disease threats. Future opportunities include supplying new fodder markets and potential pharmaceutical and health uses for humans and livestock. New species could be considered in the future to overcome constraints of existing species, but their commercial success will depend upon perceived need, size of the seed market, ease of establishment, and management and safety of grazing animals and the environment. Molecular biology has a range of potential applications in pasture legume breeding, including marker-assisted and genomics-assisted selection and the identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for important traits. Genetically modified pasture plants are unlikely to be commercialised until public concerns are allayed. Private seed companies are likely to play an increasingly important role in pasture legume development, particularly of mainstream species, but the higher risk and more innovative breakthroughs are likely to come from the public sector, provided the skills base for plant breeding and associated disciplines is maintained.
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Plumb, James. "‘Back to the Future' A review of Australian reservation and other natural gas export control policies." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18282.
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Despite record levels of domestic production, forecasters are predicting that the east coast Australian gas market will remain tight in 2019. The introduction of the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism (ADGSM) by the Federal Government in 2017, and the proposal announced by the Australian Labour Party (ALP) to bolster the mechanism, have again thrust the issue of political intervention in the export gas market into sharp focus. This paper provides an overview of the current regulatory intervention at the state and federal level, and looks back at the history of controls imposed upon the Australian gas export market. The paper is divided into two parts: Part 1, which looks at current regulatory controls engaged by various State and Federal governments: (a) the development and implementation of the ADGSM; (b) the development and implementation of the Queensland Government’s Prospective Gas Production Land Reserve policy (PGPLR); and (c) the Government of Western Australia’s (WA Government) domestic gas policy. The paper also reviews policy announcements made by the ALP in the lead up to the 2019 Federal election. Part 2 provides a broad overview of the history of controls on gas exports in Australia, from the embargo on exports from the North West Shelf between 1973 and 1977, through the increasing liberalisation of Australian energy policy during the 1980s and 1990s (and the associated conflict with state concerns of ensuring sufficiency of the domestic supply of gas), up to the removal of federal controls on resources exports (including liquefied natural gas) in 1997.
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Hong, Chung-Hyo. "An Empirical Study on the Asymmetric Effects of Trading Volume Information in int‘l Currency Futures Markets: Advanced vs Emerging Markets." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 20, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-02-2012-b0004.
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This paper tested the conditional mean spillover effects between trading volume and price changes in international currency futures markets. We use 8 kinds of currency futures markets such as Japanese yen, British pound, Australian and Canadian dollar as the advanced market and Korean Won/Dollar, Brazilian Real, Russian rubul and South African's land futures as the emerging markets. The sample period is covered from May 19, 2006 to March 15, 2009. For this purpose we employed dynamic time series model such as Nelson (1991)'s Exponential GARCH (1, 1)-M. The major empirical results are as follows; First, according to the empirical results of 4 advanced currency futures markets, we find that the open interests have a strong impact on the price changes at a statistically significant level. In case of the British pound and Canadian dollar futures, the price changes also have influence on the open interests. Second, according to the empirical results of 4 emerging currency futures markets, only Russian currency futures' open interest has an impact on the price change but the price changes of the remain 3 countries have an impact on open interests respectively at a significant level. Third, we also find that there is a asymmetric volatility spillover effects between open interests and price changes in all the advanced and emerging currency futures markets. Fourth, according to Granger causality test the influence of Japanese yen, Australian and Canadian dollar and Brazilian Real futures on the other currency futures markets are dominant. From these empirical results we infer that most of currency futures markets have a much better price discovery function than currency cash market and are inefficient to the information.
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Foley, Bethany, Kenan Degirmenci, and Tan Yigitcanlar. "Factors Affecting Electric Vehicle Uptake: Insights from a Descriptive Analysis in Australia." Urban Science 4, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4040057.
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Transport activities are among the major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting global climate crisis. Despite some efforts in shifting from internal combustion engines to electric motors, the global market share of electric vehicles (EVs) is very low—about 1%. This figure even goes as low as 0.4% for some developed countries—e.g., Australia. There is a growing, but still limited, number of studies investigating the key factors affecting the uptake of EVs. Additionally, there is no regional analysis in late-moving countries, which would provide knowledge for a better understanding why some countries are falling behind in the EV market. This paper focuses on Australia as a late mover in the EV market and generates insights into a regional analysis of key factors affecting the uptake of EVs. The unit of analysis for this study is determined as the states and territories of Australia. The methodologic approach of the study includes a descriptive analysis of publicly accessible fast and slow charging stations in Australia, the distribution of renewable energy, as well as electric vehicle sales in Australia, along with further factors relating to differences in income and education and subsidies for EVs from the government. The findings of the study reveal that (a) EV uptake conditions is an emerging research topic; (b) renewable energy, EV subsidies, charging stations, income, and education do generally favor EV sales in Australia; (c) the Australian Capital Territory has the highest readiness level among all the Australian states and territories; and (d) future research should be conducted on a local government level to capture the local readiness levels accurately. The study findings inform policymakers, car manufacturers, the energy sector, and scholars on the critical success factors for the uptake of EVs in Australia.
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Tan, Verity, Pablo R. Dias, Nathan Chang, and Rong Deng. "Estimating the Lifetime of Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095336.
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Determining the lifetime of solar photovoltaic modules is integral to planning future installations and ensuring effective end-of-life management. The lifetime of photovoltaic modules is most commonly considered to be 25 years based on performance guarantees of 80% power output after 25 years of operation; however, influences including climatic conditions, social behaviour, fiscal policy, and technological improvements have the potential to prompt early replacement. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the operating lifetime of photovoltaic panels more accurately in Australia by considering a variety of technical, economic, and social reasons for decommissioning. Based on a range of sources including government organisations, other policymakers, regulators and advisors, energy suppliers, researchers, recyclers, and manufacturers, three lifetime models—power decrease, damage and technical failures, and economic motivation—were developed and then weighted in three scenarios to form overall views of panel lifetime in Australia. In addition, it was concluded that the module lifetime will vary considerably between countries due to differences in market factors. Therefore, these results specifically address Australia as most of the input data were sourced from Australian industry reports and Australian photovoltaic systems and interpreted within the context of the Australian photovoltaic market. However, the methodology of estimating lifetime based on both technical and non-technical factors can be applied to other scenarios by using country-specific data. With the popularity of photovoltaic technology beginning in the early 2010s and given the practical lifetimes of 15–20 years found in this work, Australia will need to act swiftly within the next three years to responsibly manage the looming solar panel waste.
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Wood, Gavin A., Matthew Forbes, and Kenneth Gibb. "Direct Subsidies and Housing Affordability in Australian Private Rental Markets." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 5 (October 2005): 759–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0445.
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Many countries have undergone a broad retreat from the use of indirect (supply) subsidies to meet low-income housing-affordability problems, shifting to direct subsidies often linked to means-tested income-maintenance systems. Although the reasons for this change of direction are well documented, the efficacy of direct housing subsidies in terms of tackling affordability remains in question. The authors examine in detail one such system, Australia's Rent Assistance (RA) programme, making use of a microsimulation model of the Australian housing market linked to a model of the social security system. It is found that there is considerable targeting error because many low-income renters are ineligible for direct subsidies. It is also found that RA is relatively ineffective in overcoming affordability problems in high housing cost areas of Australia. Although RA does not of itself contribute much to poverty-trap problems, it may deter unemployed households from moving to areas where job vacancies exist. The authors conclude that future comparative work could usefully analyse the distributional and behavioural impacts of different forms of housing allowances. Moreover, alternative policies could be recalibrated within the microsimulation model in order to examine the first-round impacts of policy design change.
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Shooshtarian, S., T. (TJ) Le, Y. Feng, and L. Bettini. "Analysis of sustainable procurement in supplying recycled content: A case study in Western Australia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042004.
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Abstract Extensive construction activities across Australia have resulted in an unpreceded rate of construction and demolition (C&D) waste generation. A fraction of this waste is currently being recycled and supplied to the market. However, the reports indicate that the Australian market is not prepared to uptake such a quantity of recycled content (RC). A successful policy approach in increasing RC uptake in the construction industry is sustainable government procurement. However, the benefits of this policy instrument have not been fully realised in Australia. Therefore, this study aims to understand the dynamics of sustainable procurement using the Roads to Reuse (RtR) Program managed by Western Australia Main Roads as a case study. This public organisation is responsible for managing road networks across Western Australia. The study employs an interview with a senior sustainability advisor of this organisation. The interview is guided by a framework for enabling sustainable procurement seeking transformation in behaviour, culture, context and processes in the government and industry sectors. The results of the study shed light on sustainable procurement opportunities and challenges in the Australian context. Furthermore, a series of recommendations proposed to improve the status quo towards a more sustainable future. The findings can be used by policymakers, government procurement experts, and industry practitioners to drive sustainable procurement planning and practices changes.
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Galati, Luca, Alex Frino, and Alexander Webb. "LIQUIDITY OF FUTURES MARKETS OVER THE LAST QUARTER OF A CENTURY: TECHNOLOGY & MARKET STRUCTURE VERSUS ECONOMIC INFLUENCES." Applied Finance Letters 11, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v11i1.547.
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This study examines the major technological and market forces that have acted on the liquidity of futures markets over almost the last quarter of a century – equivalent to Professor Robert Webb’s tenor as Editor-in-Chief at the Journal of Futures Markets. We examine the impact of electronic trading replacing open outcry, the impact of high-frequency trading and co-located trading, compare the liquidity impacts of these developments with the impact of major economic events, including the Global Financial Crisis and Covid-19 Pandemic. Using a stock index futures contract traded on Australian futures exchanges as an example, we find that technological advances have had a statistically significant but almost imperceptible influence on measures of liquidity of Australian futures contracts. In contrast, economic crises, and crashes such as the Global Financial Crash and the Covid-19 crash have had a massive and sustained impact on the liquidity of futures markets. Our results suggest that liquidity effects from technological innovations, while important, remain dwarfed by those from extreme outlier events.
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Ball, A. L., and K. M. Schneider. "THE ASIA PACIFIC LNG MARKET: ISSUES AND OUTLOOK." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04014.
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With rising natural gas demand and limited reserves in many Asia Pacific countries, LNG imports have emerged as an important gas supply source in the region. Rapid uptake of LNG has occurred in Japan, Korea and Chinese Taipei, and new and potential LNG markets are emerging in India, China, the Philippines, New Zealand and the north American west coast, among others. Growth in Asia Pacific LNG demand has encouraged the development of LNG export projects in the region, which has become the world’s largest LNG supplier, and the Middle East.Asia Pacific LNG imports are projected to nearly double by 2015. This will provide opportunities and challenges for LNG suppliers to the Asia Pacific market, including Australia. Competition to retain markets among existing LNG suppliers will be strong, although there will be a key role for new projects. Potential regional LNG supply capacity in the next 10 years is significant: Australia’s LNG export capacity has the potential to more than quadruple with a number of new projects scheduled to become operational.This paper reviews existing LNG demand and supply in the Asia Pacific region and provides an assessment of likely future developments in the market over the period to 2015, including the opportunities for the Australian LNG industry. The analysis in the paper is based on ABARE’s Asia Pacific LNG market: issues and outlook, released in November 2004, and excludes later developments.
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Pritchard, Tim. "Developing Aussie home-grown talent in an international market." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08018.
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With the current skills shortage in the engineering profession and the need for more experienced engineers, it is important for Australian engineering companies to not only rely on importing skilled engineers from overseas to fulfil current day demands, but also to focus on developing young Australian engineers for the future. Aker Solutions Australia has implemented a training and development program for its employees by seconding them into the head office in Oslo, Norway for both technical and personal development. The program provides many positive outcomes for both the company and the employees including: knowledge transfer and alignment between the international offices, developing and improving the talent of Australian engineers, improving communications between the offices and providing the Oslo office with much needed resources. The program was initiated in 2006 and so far nine employees have been sent across the globe for training. In this time the employees have had the opportunity to work on new technological developments in gas processing, advanced concept development studies and large scale engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) projects. Working internationally has also provided Australian engineers with a chance to interact with a number of skilled people from diverse backgrounds, learn new languages and embrace different cultures. The program to date has had much success, with both clients and the Aker Solutions office in Norway requesting continuation of the Australian engineers’ services while one of the engineers—Jacqui Driver—won best paper at the 2007 APPEA conference for her work in Oslo on novel offshore LNG solutions.
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Warburton, A. M., and S. E. Singleton. "THE EMERGING MARKET IN CARBON CREDITS IN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06025.
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Climate change policy in Australia is in a state of upheaval.The Federal Government, after years of opposing mandatory carbon constraints, has changed tack and is now investigating emissions trading as a possible means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.With a federal election looming, the Labor Opposition has committed to ratifying the Kyoto Protocol and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60% (against 1990 levels) by 2050. Not to be left out, the State governments say they will introduce an emissions trading regime themselves, if the federal government of the day does not move quickly enough.It now seems clear that there will be some form of carbon price signal in Australia within the next five to 10 years. What is unclear is the form that the carbon constraints might take.Amid this policy uncertainty, large energy producers and users are starting to invest in emissions reduction projects in Australia, as a form of risk management for potential future carbon liabilities. These projects are unusual in that the carbon rights that are being traded are not recognised under any existing Australian statutory scheme, nor are they part of the Kyoto mechanisms. Consequently, they are not recognised by law and do not have any real value today. Their value is largely potential future value under some form of emissions trading scheme or carbon tax regime (which places a price on carbon emissions).These projects raise some novel issues for project developers and purchasers. What is the carbon right that is being sold? How do you frame it to maximise flexibility for use under a future carbon constraint regime?How do you ensure ongoing validity of the carbon right for an indefinite period into the future? For carbon sink projects, the purchaser will want some comfort regarding permanence of abatement of CO2 emissions.Project developers are often small start-up companies with few assets and limited cash flow. They may not be in a position to offer securities for performance. What mechanisms can a purchaser use to assist with start-up funding and also secure the rights they are purchasing?What pricing structures are available, particularly for future sales, against the background of a possible future carbon market?What obligations should the developer/seller have in relation to verification, monitoring and reporting of avoided emissions?How might projects be structured to involve multiple buyers to support the project and facilitate development of a market?
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Puig, Gonzalo Villalta. "A European Saving Test for Section 92 of the Australian Constitution." Deakin Law Review 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2008vol13no1art154.
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<p>This article celebrates the recent decision of the High Court of Australia in Betfair Pty Ltd v Western Australia to revise the uniquely Australian concept of abridged proportionality that frames the Cole v Whitfield saving test for section 92 of the Australian Constitution. The critique that the article makes of abridged proportionality takes the form of a comparison<br />with the continental European concept of robust proportionality. The comparison reveals that, unlike robust proportionality, abridged proportionality poses a twofold risk: one, that the test might save laws or measures that have a discriminatory effect on interstate trade and commerce if they have a purpose that is not protectionist; and, two, that the<br />test might not save laws or measures that, in effect, legitimately regulate interstate trade and commerce if they have a purpose that is indeed protectionist. Thus, the article argues that abridged proportionality cannot preserve the Australian common market with the same level of strength that robust proportionality has. In conclusion, the article celebrates the fact that, since Betfair Pty Ltd v Western Australia, the High Court of Australia is now free to analyse not only the purpose but also the effect of any law or measure under challenge when it considers future cases on section 92.</p>
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Sinclair, John, and Barry Carr. "Making a market for Mexican food in Australia." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-07-2017-0042.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to account for the remarkable proliferation of Mexican restaurants and tequila bars in contemporary urban Australia, in the absence of any geographical contiguity, historical connection or cultural proximity between Australia and Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThe paper traces how the particularities of direct cultural contact, interpersonal networks and grass-roots entrepreneurism can open up new markets, and how the ground is, thus, prepared for subsequent large-scale international corporate entry to those markets. This research is based on interviews with key figures in the development of the Mexican food industry in Australia, interpreted in terms of the extant literature on cultural globalisation. The first-hand accounts of these participants have been interpreted in the light of available secondary sources and relevant theory.FindingsThe most striking theme to emerge in the study is the relative absence of Mexicans, or even Mexico-experienced Australians, in the making of a market for Mexican food in Australia. Rather, initially, Americans were prominent, as entrepreneurs and in forming a consumer market, while in later decades, entrepreneurs and consumers alike have been Australians whose experience of Mexican food has been formed in the United States, not Mexico. The role of hipster subculture and travel is seen as instrumental. Also of interest is the manner in which the personal experiences and interrelationships of the Americans and Australians have shaped the development of the Mexican food industry. This is not to ignore the much more recent participation of a new wave of immigrants from Mexico.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the scope of the study is national, the sharper focus is on the experience of Melbourne; it would be useful for future researchers to investigate other major cities, even if Melbourne has been the most pivotal of Australian cities in the history of Mexican food in Australia. The study has conceptual and theoretical implications for debates around cultural globalisation and “Americanisation”.Originality/valueThe paper provides a close-grained and suitably theorised account of how a particular consumer trend has become extended on a global basis, with particular attention to both individual experience and agency, and corporate activity.
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Kim, Sangbae, Francis In, and Christopher Viney. "Modelling Linkages Between Australian Financial Futures Markets." Australian Journal of Management 26, no. 1 (June 2001): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/031289620102600102.
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Sheales, Terence C., and William G. Tomek. "Hedging australian wheat exports using futures markets." Journal of Futures Markets 7, no. 5 (October 1987): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fut.3990070506.
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Knutsson, Sindre. "Top three LNG buyers to search for alternative LNG pricing structure after paying a total cost premium of $56 billion for oil-indexed LNG contracts in 2019 and 2020 – how will this affect Australia as the number one supplier to this market?" APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20164.
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Increasing spreads between spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oil-indexed contracts have resulted in the world’s top three LNG buyers paying a cost premium of $33 billion in 2019 and 23 billion in 2020. The top three buyers are Japan, China and South Korea, which had a combined 151Mt of long-term LNG contracts indexed to oil in 2020. This cost premium shows what top Asian buyers are currently paying for the security of LNG supply through long-term oil-indexed contracts. However, it also shows the potential reward Asian buyers have if they manage to develop a liquid LNG pricing hub in Asia to which they can index their contracts. Japanese buyers’ efforts of increasing flexibility in contracts, both through take-or-pay agreements and destination flexibility and aims of growing the spot market, will increasingly support the liquidity of the LNG market. However, there will be resistance from the other side of the table, for where someone is paying a premium, or making a loss, someone is making money. 2020 was another year of plenty for LNG producers selling oil-indexed volumes to Asian markets. Australia is the largest seller of LNG to Japan, China and South Korea with over 60Mt of long-term LNG contracts indexed to oil in 2020. Australia has benefited from having their contracts indexed to oil, but what’s next? In this paper, Rystad Energy will discuss the future market for Australian LNG exports including development in LNG demand, contract trends and price spreads.
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Jung, Brian, Niel Kritzinger, Steven van Wagensveld, and John Mak. "A case study for cost-effective design of relocatable deep dewpoint control gas plant." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16030.
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Australia has significant smaller-capacity gas fields, in relatively remote areas. An economically viable design for the Australian market is a small to mid-size gas plant to produce pipeline-quality gas and recover attractive amounts of liquid products (NGLs) for export by truck. Such a plant has minimal equipment, is highly modularised to be cost-effective for remote locations with high labour costs, can be relocated, and can be implemented in a substantially shorter time frame than conventional projects. For the North and South American markets, we have developed a deep dewpointing process that combines high NGL recovery with simplicity of design, yet is flexible enough to accommodate a range of compositions and flow rates. This design is well suited for standardisation of small to medium-size gas plants where feed gas compositions may vary and capacity increases are not well known. A short implementation schedule provides first-to-market economic benefits. We have developed 3rd Generation ModularisationSM that is proven to significantly reduce a plant’s footprint compared with more traditional modularisation practices. This new approach makes it possible to design a gas processing facility as transportable modules that can be built in the most cost-effective location, are low cost to install and may be relocated in the future. This has been demonstrated in a recent project completed in 2015 for Shell in Canada. This paper presents the solution for the Australian market that combines the benefits of high gas liquids recovery with low investment, delivered in compact relocatable modules that enable very flexible field development strategies.
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Liu, Joe, Brendan Cook, and Shaun Roux. "The challenges in commercialisation of Probiotic API manufacturing." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 2 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20021.
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The concept of probiotics is well known and has developed into a high value commodity in recent times. Despite the ever-expanding number of probiotic products on our pharmacy, health food and supermarket shelves, the probiotic culture active ingredient has always been imported until now. In 2019, Probiotics Australia Pty Ltd opened Australia’s first and only Therapeutic Goods Administration/current Good Manufacturing Practice (TGA/cGMP) certified facility dedicated to the manufacture of probiotic active ingredients. This article outlines the significant export demand for Australian-made health products and the lengths to which Probiotics Australia have gone to create a facility to meet needs of the probiotics research, commercialisation and consumer market today and into the future.
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Gannon, Gerard L. "Simultaneous Volatility Transmission and Spillover Effects." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 13, no. 01 (March 2010): 127–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091510001895.
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Simultaneous volatility models are developed and shown to be separate from multivariate GARCH estimators. An example is provided that allows for simultaneous and unidirectional volatility and volume of trade effects. These effects are tested using intraday data from the Australian cash index and index futures markets. Overnight volatility spillover effects from the United States S&P500 index futures markets are tested using alternative estimates of this US market volatility. The simultaneous volatility model proves to be robust to alternative specifications of returns equations and to misspecification of the direction of volatility causality.
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Byrne, Philip. "Evolution of the east coast gas market." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17236.
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This extended abstract reviews how the east coast gas market is managing the major transition from being a ring-fenced domestic market to being part of an interconnected global trading market, and what still needs to be done to rebalance after half a decade of disruption. The east coast gas market has a great future ahead of it, but only if Australia acts quickly to open up access to new gas supply sources as existing gas fields mature and decline. The presence of a global liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply market on the east coast now provides an incentive for gas producers to invest in new provinces and new plays at a scale the domestic gas market could not have supported on its own. This can only be good for competition in the east coast gas market over the medium to long term, and potentially open up enormous supplies for the growth of Australian industry, akin to the US shale gas revolution. To make the most of the resources and infrastructure we now have on the eastern seaboard, there is a role for governments to play in ensuring access to resources and providing stable, coordinated, robust energy policy and regulatory frameworks that attract investment in further growth in the gas sector, the benefits of which will flow on to Australian industry more generally.
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Constable, Tania. "2014 Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13039.
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The potential for natural gas to fuel economic growth around the world is tremendous. Australia has a pivotal role to play with our abundant natural gas reserves and record levels of investment in LNG production capacity. Australia is presently the world’s third-largest exporter of LNG, with an export capacity of 24.3 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) from three operational projects. Capacity will increase to around 90 mtpa by 2018, once the seven projects being constructed come online. The Australian Government is committed to ensuring the long-term growth of the petroleum industry, and the promotion of competitive, sustainable and well-regulated markets operating in the best interests of the nation. Exploration is essential for the future of Australia’s resources sector to enhance our international competitiveness while maintaining Australian energy security and that of our energy trading partners. Investment in offshore petroleum exploration is facilitated though the annual Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release prepared by the Australian Government Department of Industry and Geoscience Australia. The Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release is underpinned by a stable economic environment and clear regulatory framework that provides investment certainty and security of title. This paper provides details about the acreage included in the 2014 Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release. All areas are supported by geological data and analysis from Geoscience Australia. This paper also discusses the introduction of cash bidding for mature areas and areas containing known petroleum accumulations, in addition to Australian Government initiatives in the offshore petroleum sphere.
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Lee, Marcia S. "Good, better, best? A model for Australian practitioners of forensic vocational assessment." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 26, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2020.8.
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AbstractVocational assessment is the foundation of future vocational choices available to a person with a disability. In a compensable environment with potential for litigation, the assessment process becomes more complex and challenging for claimant, practitioner, and other stakeholders. The purpose of forensic (medicolegal) vocational assessment in Australia is reviewed. Comparison of ethics, qualifications, and experience of Australian forensic assessors (practitioners) and their North American counterparts points to an urgent need for an accreditation framework. This paper discusses microaccreditation as an independent model of training and credentialing of Australian forensic vocational practitioners. Credentialing the forensic vocational practitioner serves to underpin the quality and rigor of vocational assessments undertaken in a highly scrutinized legal market.
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White, Kevin, and Fran Collyer. "Health Care Markets in Australia: Ownership of the Private Hospital Sector." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 3 (July 1998): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a9u4-jxgx-87y7-5b34.
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Over the past decade, the Australian hospital sector has undergone a massive economic and administrative reorganization with ramifications for both the private and the public sectors. Changes such as privatization, deregulation, and the entry of foreign capital into the hospital sector are occurring in the hospital systems of many countries, including Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. These developments are radically transforming the hospital sector, altering established relationships between the state, the medical profession, the consumer, and the corporate investor, and raising important questions about the future of hospital services in regard to equity, accessibility, and quality.
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Polkinghorne, R., R. Watson, J. M. Thompson, and D. W. Pethick. "Current usage and future development of the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 11 (2008): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07175.
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Progress in the development and adoption of the Meat Standards Australia system has encouraged substantial change and an improved consumer awareness at all points of the Australian beef production chain. The system is moving from niche to mainstream market application with the exciting potential to transform many industry practices and build a more direct consumer focus. The system aims to accurately predict consumer satisfaction levels for individual cooked beef portions. This is a major advance on grading systems that classify carcasses into groups of like appearance. A prediction model was developed based on consumer testing and has proved to be useful in categorising a wide range of beef into consumer grades within cooking methods. These provide a basis to ensure a predictable eating quality result for the consumer and a mechanism to align product description and pricing throughout the production chain. When used in value-based marketing systems financial reward can be directly linked to consumer satisfaction encouraging a consumer-focussed industry. Research is proceeding to extend and improve the accuracy of the prediction model encompassing additional cattle types and cooking methods. Several projects in other countries are adding insights into the relative response of consumers from varied cultural backgrounds. It is hoped that further international collaboration will facilitate use of the developed technology to improve consumer value and industry returns through improved product consistency in global markets.
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Smith, P., B. Maheshwari, and B. Simmons. "Urban water reform in Australia: lessons from 2003–2013." Water Supply 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2014): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.045.
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Extreme rainfall variability, record droughts, floods and high temperatures have had a major impact on social wellbeing, economic productivity and environmental functionality of urban settings in Australia. Compounded by urban growth and ageing water and wastewater infrastructure, Australia's urban water arrangements have undergone major reforms to effectively manage the challenges of recent years. This paper is a synthesis of urban water reform in Australia during a decade of unforeseen natural extremes. It summarises the evolution of urban water policy, outcomes from recent government reforms and investment, and presents future challenges facing the sector. As governments at state and federal levels in Australia have moved to diversify supply options away from the traditional reliance on rainfall-dependent catchment storages, they have been confronted by issues relating to climate uncertainty, planning, regulation, pricing, institutional reforms, and community demands for sustainable supply solutions. Increases in water prices to pay for new water infrastructure are illustrative of further reform pressures in the urban water sector. In the past 10 years the Australian urban water sector has weathered new extremes in drought and flood and emerged far different to its predecessor. The provision of safe, secure, efficient and sustainable water and wastewater services remains the primary driver for urban water reform. However the challenges and opportunities to improve nationally significant social, economic and environmental outcomes from urban water have evolved considerably. The focus now is on creating the institutional, regulatory and market conditions favourable for the integration of urban water services with the objectives for productive and liveable cities.
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Whitehouse, John F. "East Australian Rain-forests: A Case-study in Resource Harvesting and Conservation." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 1 (1991): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021263.
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Human interactions with rain-forest on the Australian continent have played, and will continue to play, a vital role in their distribution and survival. The presence and significance of rain-forest in Australia lies in the evolutionary history of the Australian plate since the break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent. Its continued survival and distribution illustrates and encapsulates the history of plant evolution and biogeography in Australia.Since human arrival in Australia at least 40,000 years ago, human interactions with rain-forest have been marked by a number of phases — ranging from Aboriginal use of rain-forest resources to the impetus given by the hunt for the prized Red Cedar, and from the early European settlement on the east coast of Australia in the midto late-19th century to the wholesale clearing of rain forests for agricultural settlement and dairying in the late 19th century. In more modern times, human interactions with rain-forest have focused on adapting forest management techniques to rain-forest logging, restructuring the native forest timber industry in the face of mechanization, changing markets and resource constraints, convulsions as a result of conservationist challenges in Terania Creek and Daintree, and finally the implications of conserving rain-forests in the context of natural processes including fire, climate change, and the impact of human visitors and their recreation.The course of the controversies over rain-forest conservation in Australia has meant that rain-forest logging either has been dramatically curtailed or is in the process of generally ceasing. The protection of rainforests from logging and forestry operations in the future seems secure, given the widespread community support for rain-forest conservation. Threats to rain-forest conservation in the future are likely to be found in more subtle processes: the impact of fire regimes on the spread and contractions of rain-forests, the impacts of exotic species such as Lantana (Lantana camara) and Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), the impacts of human uses through tourism and recreation, the diminution of the viability of isolated pockets by ‘edge effects’, and the damage to the remaining stands on freehold property by conflicting land-uses.Overlying all of these potential threats is the impact of global climate change. Climate change since the Tertiary has reduced the once widespread rain-forest communities of Australia practically to the status of relicts in refugia. Will the remaining rain-forests be able to withstand the projected human-induced climate changes of the future?
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Lien, Donald, and Li Yang. "Return Autocorrelations on Individual Stocks and Corresponding Futures: Evidence from Australian, Hong Kong, and United Kingdom Markets." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 07, no. 03 (September 2004): 397–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091504000160.
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In this study, we investigate the daily relationships between returns on individual stocks and their corresponding futures contracts in Australian, Hong Kong, and United Kingdom markets. We find that, at the beginning of the life of a futures market, autocorrelation of futures returns is similar to that of individual stock returns. As the market becomes mature, the autocorrelation of futures returns behaves differently from the autocorrelation of stock returns. Through the linkage between return autocorrelations and trading volume, we find that a larger trading volume depresses the return autocorrelation and shrinks the differences of return autocorrelation between stock and its futures. In addition, futures trading volume has more significant impact on the patterns of return autocorrelations than the stock trading volume. The effect is non-linear in the sense that it is much more prominent during high futures trading periods. Summary of these findings suggests that the difference of return autocorrelations between an individual stock and its futures contract is due to low trading activities of futures.
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Ragunathan, Vanitha, and Albert Peker. "Price variability, trading volume and market depth: evidence from the Australian futures market." Applied Financial Economics 7, no. 5 (October 1997): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096031097333303.
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Cullen, Frankie. "Production and development across Australia 2016." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16258.
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In 2016, sustained depressed and volatile oil prices led companies to continue cost reduction strategies. Proposed developments have seen delays and reductions in scope as a result. Australian oil production declined by around 10%. However, new and continued liquefied natural gas (LNG) production bolstered both Australian and global gas supply. Australia was the strongest contributor to global LNG growth in 2016, showing the biggest year-on-year increase. In the first half of 2016, 20% of global LNG came from Australia, second only to Qatar with 29% of the market share. Australia remains on track to become the world’s largest LNG producer in the next 3–5 years. 2016 saw the start-up of Gorgon LNG in March, the first of Chevron’s two North West Shelf LNG projects and the third of several producing, developing and proposed LNG projects within the North Carnarvon Basin – already Australia’s most prolific producing basin. On the east coast, development of the coalbed methane (CBM) to LNG projects continued with an additional train brought onstream at each of the Origin/ConocoPhillips-operated APLNG Project and Santos’ GLNG Project. This further increased production in the Bowen–Surat Basins and drove discussions around the ability of east coast gas to meet both the demands of the LNG projects and ensure continued domestic gas reliability. Additional gas may be required for both, opening opportunities for production from other basins. Gas production continues to drive the Australian industry, with substantial inputs from LNG and unconventional operations. The next phase, in all sectors, will be key to Australia’s future in the global energy market. Will it be able to overcome the expected challenges of global oversupply, continued price volatility and domestic reliability concerns to fulfil its potential?
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Demirkan, Irem, Qin Yang, and Crystal X. Jiang. "Corporate entrepreneurship of emerging market firms: current research and future directions." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 22, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-04-2019-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) of emerging market firms (EMFs) and provide direction for future research on the topic. Design/methodology/approach The authors specifically review the recent literature between the years 2000 and 2019 on CE with the keywords “corporate entrepreneurship,” “emerging economies” and “emerging countries” published in the Australian Business Deans Council list journals. The authors review the existing literature about CE in emerging markets, summarize current achievements and present an agenda for future research. Findings Based on the review, the authors categorized the macro and micro contexts of CE and summarized the current articles on CE in emerging markets within each macro and micro context. The authors conclude that despite the abundance of research on CE that investigates the three prongs of CE in terms of innovation, strategic renewal and new venturing in developed market contexts, there is a scarcity of literature that focuses on CE in emerging markets from a holistic perspective. Originality/value While there is an abundance of literature review on CE in general in terms of the drivers of the construct, the contexts contributing to it and the outcomes, the reviews are lacking about CE specifically within the context of emerging markets. Emerging markets vary from developed markets institutionally, economically, culturally, socially and technologically. However, the questions of how these differences impact the CE activities, as it relates to innovation, venturing and strategic renewal in EMFs, and how these differences provide incentives or hinder the activities that contribute to CE remain mostly unanswered. This paper reviewed the research on CE and emerging market contexts from 2000 to present. It targets to provide a better understanding of the current achievement on this topic and what to be done in the future.
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Dawkins, Peter. "“Restoring Full Employment”: Further Research Needs." Economic and Labour Relations Review 5, no. 1 (June 1994): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469400500107.
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This paper outlines some of the deficiencies in the research evidence upon which we were able to draw in putting together the Western Australian Labour Market Research Centre's submission to the Committee on Employment Opportunities, and some further deficiencies that have become evident from reading the Green Paper. Consequently some suggestions are made about further research needs. Broadly speaking, there are four types of research that appear to be necessary. Firstly, there is research which seeks to monitor and evaluate the specific effects of specific policies, such as those that are expected to result from the proposed Job Compact. Secondly, there is the more general research agenda on the operation of labour markets in Australia, which help to shed light on issues of relevance to policy decisions. Thirdly, there is a broader research agenda on issues associated with productivity, competitiveness and economic growth, bearing in mind the importance of a substantial and sustained increase in the underlying rate of economic growth. Finally, there is research which would improve our ability to undertake valuable future orientated scenario modelling simulations.