Academic literature on the topic 'Future climate information'

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Journal articles on the topic "Future climate information"

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Tierney, Jessica E., Christopher J. Poulsen, Isabel P. Montañez, Tripti Bhattacharya, Ran Feng, Heather L. Ford, Bärbel Hönisch, et al. "Past climates inform our future." Science 370, no. 6517 (November 5, 2020): eaay3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3701.

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As the world warms, there is a profound need to improve projections of climate change. Although the latest Earth system models offer an unprecedented number of features, fundamental uncertainties continue to cloud our view of the future. Past climates provide the only opportunity to observe how the Earth system responds to high carbon dioxide, underlining a fundamental role for paleoclimatology in constraining future climate change. Here, we review the relevancy of paleoclimate information for climate prediction and discuss the prospects for emerging methodologies to further insights gained from past climates. Advances in proxy methods and interpretations pave the way for the use of past climates for model evaluation—a practice that we argue should be widely adopted.
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Moss, Richard H. "Improving information for managing an uncertain future climate." Global Environmental Change 17, no. 1 (February 2007): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.12.002.

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Grainger, Sam, Suraje Dessai, Joseph Daron, Andrea Taylor, and Yim Ling Siu. "Using expert elicitation to strengthen future regional climate information for climate services." Climate Services 26 (April 2022): 100278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2021.100278.

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Belda, Michal, Petr Skalák, Aleš Farda, Tomáš Halenka, Michel Déqué, Gabriella Csima, Judit Bartholy, et al. "CECILIA Regional Climate Simulations for Future Climate: Analysis of Climate Change Signal." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354727.

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Regional climate models (RCMs) are important tools used for downscaling climate simulations from global scale models. In project CECILIA, two RCMs were used to provide climate change information for regions of Central and Eastern Europe. Models RegCM and ALADIN-Climate were employed in downscaling global simulations from ECHAM5 and ARPEGE-CLIMAT under IPCC A1B emission scenario in periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100. Climate change signal present in these simulations is consistent with respective driving data, showing similar large-scale features: warming between 0 and 3°C in the first period and 2 and 5°C in the second period with the least warming in northwestern part of the domain increasing in the southeastern direction and small precipitation changes within range of +1 to −1 mm/day. Regional features are amplified by the RCMs, more so in case of the ALADIN family of models.
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McSweeney, Carol F., Richard G. Jones, and Ben B. B. Booth. "Selecting Ensemble Members to Provide Regional Climate Change Information." Journal of Climate 25, no. 20 (May 18, 2012): 7100–7121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00526.1.

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Abstract Climate model ensembles, such as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 (CMIP3), are used to characterize broadscale ranges of projected regional climate change and their impacts. The 17-member Hadley Centre perturbed physics GCM ensemble [Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (“QUMP”)] extends this capability by including data enabling dynamical downscaling of these ranges, and similar data are now being made available from the CMIP phase 5 (CMIP5) GCMs. These raise new opportunities to provide and apply high-resolution regional climate projections. This study highlights the importance of employing a well-considered sampling strategy from available ensembles to provide scientifically credible information on regional climate change while minimizing the computational complexity of ensemble downscaling. A subset of the QUMP ensemble is selected for a downscaling program in Vietnam using the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) regional climate modeling system. Multiannual mean fields from each GCM are assessed with a focus on the Asian summer monsoon, given its importance to proposed applications of the projections. First, the study examines whether any model should be eliminated because significant deficiencies in its simulation may render its future climate projections unrealistic. No evidence is found to eliminate any of the 17 GCMs on these grounds. Second, the range of their future projections is explored and five models that best represent the full range of future climates are identified. The subset characterizes the range of both global and regional responses, and patterns of rainfall response, the wettest and driest projections for Vietnam, and different projected Asian summer monsoon changes. How these ranges of responses compare with those in the CMIP3 ensemble are also assessed, finding differences in both the signal and the spread of results in Southeast Asia.
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Lunt, D. J., H. Elderfield, R. Pancost, A. Ridgwell, G. L. Foster, A. Haywood, J. Kiehl, et al. "Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 2001 (October 28, 2013): 20130146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0146.

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This Discussion Meeting Issue of the Philosophical Transactions A had its genesis in a Discussion Meeting of the Royal Society which took place on 10–11 October 2011. The Discussion Meeting, entitled ‘Warm climates of the past: a lesson for the future?’, brought together 16 eminent international speakers from the field of palaeoclimate, and was attended by over 280 scientists and members of the public. Many of the speakers have contributed to the papers compiled in this Discussion Meeting Issue. The papers summarize the talks at the meeting, and present further or related work. This Discussion Meeting Issue asks to what extent information gleaned from the study of past climates can aid our understanding of future climate change. Climate change is currently an issue at the forefront of environmental science, and also has important sociological and political implications. Most future predictions are carried out by complex numerical models; however, these models cannot be rigorously tested for scenarios outside of the modern, without making use of past climate data. Furthermore, past climate data can inform our understanding of how the Earth system operates, and can provide important contextual information related to environmental change. All past time periods can be useful in this context; here, we focus on past climates that were warmer than the modern climate, as these are likely to be the most similar to the future. This introductory paper is not meant as a comprehensive overview of all work in this field. Instead, it gives an introduction to the important issues therein, using the papers in this Discussion Meeting Issue, and other works from all the Discussion Meeting speakers, as exemplars of the various ways in which past climates can inform projections of future climate. Furthermore, we present new work that uses a palaeo constraint to quantitatively inform projections of future equilibrium ice sheet change.
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Davis, Corey, Heather Aldridge, Ryan Boyles, Karen S. McNeal, Lindsay Maudlin, and Rachel Atkins. "Visually Communicating Future Climate in a Web Environment." Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0152.1.

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AbstractWhile there is growing demand for use of climate model projections to understand the potential impacts of future climate on resources, there is a lack of effective visuals that convey the range of possible climates across spatial scales and with uncertainties that potential users need to inform their impact assessments and studies. We use usability testing including eye tracking to explore how a group of resource professionals (foresters) interpret and understand a series of graphical representations of future climate change, housed within a web-based decision support system (DSS), that address limitations identified in other tools. We find that a three-map layout effectively communicates the spread of future climate projections spatially, that location-specific information is effectively communicated if depicted both spatially on a map and temporally on a time series plot, and that model error metrics may be useful for communicating uncertainty and in demonstrating the utility of these future climate datasets.
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Gaur, Abhishek, and Michael Lacasse. "Climate Data to Support the Adaptation of Buildings to Climate Change in Canada." Data 7, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data7040042.

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Climate change will continue to bring about unprecedented climate extremes in the future, and buildings and infrastructure will be exposed to such conditions. To ensure that new and existing buildings deliver satisfactory performance over their design lives, their performance under current and future projected climates needs to be assessed by undertaking building simulations. This study prepares climate data needed for building simulations for 564 locations by bias-correcting the Canadian Regional Climate Model version 4 (CanRCM4) large ensemble (LE) simulations with reference to observations. Technical validation results show that bias-correction effectively reduces the bias associated with CanRCM4-LE simulations in terms of their marginal distributions and the inter-relationship between climate variables. To ensure that the range of projected climate change impacts are encompassed within these data sets, and to furthermore provide building moisture and energy reference years, the reference year files were prepared from bias-corrected CanRCM4-LE simulations and are comprised of a typical meteorological year for building energy applications, a typical and extreme moisture reference year, a typical downscaled year, an extreme warm year, and an extreme cold year.
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Linderholm, H. W., J. A. Björklund, K. Seftigen, B. E. Gunnarson, I. Drobyshev, J. H. Jeong, P. Stridbeck, and Y. Liu. "Dendroclimatology in Fennoscandia – from past accomplishments to future potentials." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 3 (May 19, 2009): 1415–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-1415-2009.

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Abstract. Dendroclimatology, i.e. using tree-ring data to reconstruct past climates, in Fennoscandia has a strong tradition. Due to the high-latitude location of the region, trees are sensitive to climate; in general to temperatures during summer. However, a strong gradient from the oceanic west to the continental east, makes it possible to find trees that respond to other parameters, such as precipitation and drought. Situated in a sparsely populated part of the Boreal belt, Fennoscandia with its large areas of old-growth forests is suitable for constructing tree-ring chronologies reaching far back in time. Indeed, some of the world longest tree-ring chronologies are found in the region, covering all, or most of, the Holocene. In addition to providing valuable information about regional climate variability during the Holocene, tree-ring data have played significant roles in recent reconstructions of hemispheric and global temperatures as well as large-scale circulation patterns. Here we review the field of dendroclimatology in Fennoscandia, showing the wealth of climate information obtained from various tree-ring parameters (ring widths, density and stable isotopes), and look in to future possibilities.
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Brewington, Laura, Victoria Keener, and Alan Mair. "Simulating Land Cover Change Impacts on Groundwater Recharge under Selected Climate Projections, Maui, Hawaiʻi." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243048.

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This project developed an integrated land cover/hydrological modeling framework using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) data, stakeholder input, climate information and projections, and empirical data to estimate future groundwater recharge on the Island of Maui, Hawaiʻi, USA. End-of-century mean annual groundwater recharge was estimated under four future land cover scenarios: Future 1 (conservation-focused), Future 2 (status-quo), Future 3 (development-focused), and Future 4 (balanced conservation and development), and two downscaled climate projections: a coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 “dry climate” future and a CMIP3 A1B “wet climate” future. Results were compared to recharge estimated using the 2017 baseline land cover to understand how changing land management and climate could influence groundwater recharge. Estimated recharge increased island-wide under all future land cover and climate combinations and was dominated by specific land cover transitions. For the dry future climate, recharge for land cover Futures 1 to 4 increased by 12%, 0.7%, 0.01%, and 11% relative to 2017 land cover conditions, respectively. Corresponding increases under the wet future climate were 10%, 0.9%, 0.6%, and 9.3%. Conversion from fallow/grassland to diversified agriculture increased irrigation, and therefore recharge. Above the cloud zone (610 m), conversion from grassland to native or alien forest led to increased fog interception, which increased recharge. The greatest changes to recharge occurred in Futures 1 and 4 in areas where irrigation increased, and where forest expanded within the cloud zone. Furthermore, new future urban expansion is currently slated for coastal areas that are already water-stressed and had low recharge projections. This study demonstrated that a spatially-explicit scenario planning process and modeling framework can communicate the possible consequences and tradeoffs of land cover change under a changing climate, and the outputs from this study serve as relevant tools for landscape-level management and interventions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Future climate information"

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Fan, Rong. "Evaluation of the efficacy of different best management practices under current and future climate regimes in Ludlow watershed." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439308139.

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Christofel, Aditya Billy. "OOPS! THEY BUILD IT AGAIN : A suitability analysis for future wind farm location in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161064.

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The world energy needs increasing in a significant number and currently it is mainly sourced from the finite fossil fuel. Other than that, fossil fuel is the main source of CO2 emissions that leads to the increasing rate of global warming that will ultimately change the earth's climate. Thus, researcher began to look for alternative energy that is renewable and has the least impact to the world's climate; one example is wind energy. Sweden has experienced a significant increase in wind energy generation, where the wind production constantly grows in the double-digit rates since 2010. However, developing a wind energy requires a significant research and feasibility study in order to provide an economically sustainable operation. Wind farm needs to be located in areas with a good wind potential, however there are several technical and economic limitation on where the wind farm should be located. On top of that, social rejection might also hinder the development of wind energy. Audio-visual obstruction and disturbance to the natural state of the environment are the main arguments that were used to challenge the development of wind farm. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary study needs to be conducted in order to find the perfect balance; which is exactly what this study is all about. The result of this study shows that despite the threat of climate change, wind farm in Sweden could thrive due to the increasing wind speed across the country. It was also discovered that around 30% of the country is suitable, from the social, technical, and economic point of view, as a new location for wind farms. This study also reveals that most of the canceled / rejected wind farms were probably caused by the social rejection due to their proximity to population center or conservation areas. This study also discussed the concept of place attachment and identity that leads to the NIMBY attitude and reflects the concept of the social acceptance issue that happened in Sweden and on how to localize the wind farm concept to the local residence.
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Mietkiewicz, Nathan. "Interactions between bark beetle outbreak and wildland fire in intermountain subalpine forests of the western United States| legacies and future projections under a changing climate." Thesis, Clark University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10143552.

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Over the past 30 years, wildland fire and native bark beetle outbreaks have increased in intensity, severity, and extent across the fire-prone forests of the western United States, raising concerns about whether bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire severity and/or wildfire occurrence. Furthermore, current estimates predict a two-fold increase in area burned by wildland fires over the next 25 years and bark beetles are forecasted to expand in the coming century, shifting toward higher latitudes and elevations. Thus, it is important to better understand how insect-driven tree mortality may affect fire risk and how these disturbance interactions may affect ecosystem structure and dynamics across biophysical settings under current and future climate scenarios.

In this dissertation, I investigated the relationships between bark beetle outbreaks, wildfire, and climate across the western United States and within subalpine forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, CO, USA. The main research questions of this dissertation were: (Chapter II) what is the relative importance of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins)) outbreaks versus antecedent climatic variability on the occurrence of large wildfires in the western U.S.? (Chapter III) how do pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) outbreaks on fuels complexes in subalpine forests of Colorado? and (Chapter IV) how do changes in fuels following spruce beetle outbreaks affect expected fire potential under current and future climate conditions?

Chapter II employed a variety of remotely sensed data and GIS products of fire occurrence, mountain pine beetle outbreaks, physiographic gradients, and climatic condition to test whether prior-disturbance or antecedent climate conditions influenced subsequent wildfire events. Extensive field surveys of stand attributes and fuel arrangements across a chronosequence of spruce beetle outbreaks in the 20th and 21st century were employed to address research questions of Chapter III. Results from Chapter III were used as base inputs for custom fire behavior models in Chapter IV, to test the sensitivity of potential fire behavior across a variety of wind speeds, weather, and climate scenarios.

Despite widespread concern that mountain pine beetle outbreaks lead to unprecedented increases in wildfire activity, results from Chapter II demonstrated minimal effects of these pre-fire disturbances on subsequent fire occurrence. Instead, occurrence of large wildfires across the western US has been driven by extreme weather (e.g., hot, dry conditions). Chapter III revealed that the changes to fuels following spruce beetle outbreaks are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak stand structure and disturbance history. For instance, we found that spruce beetle outbreaks reduce canopy fuels in all stands, yet this effect is relatively minor in old spruce-fir stands as compared to young spruce-fir stands. Spruce beetle outbreaks during the 20th and 21st century decreased canopy fuels and increased their heterogeneity, regardless of pre-outbreak conditions. Surface fuel loads were more variable with increased time since spruce beetle outbreak and did not return to pre-outbreak conditions over the 75-year period considered in this study in both young and old stands. Chapter IV concluded that under all weather and climate scenarios, stands affected by spruce beetle had the lowest potential for increased surface fireline intensities, rates of spread, and active crowning among both young and old stands as compared to endemic stands (i.e., non-outbreak). Chapter IV used future climate projections (2016-2100) of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 as proxies for moderate and severe climate change and concluded that moderate climate change will not substantially increase the most important types of fire behavior among young or old stands, nor stands affected by spruce beetle outbreak as compared to current climate (1985-2015). However, under severe climate change projections (RCP 8.5) all characteristics of fire behavior will increase, regardless of stand age, spruce beetle outbreak, and wind and weather scenarios. This research provides much needed insight into the disturbance dynamics in fire-prone forests and informs forest management and policy concerns under a changing climate. Overall, this research highlights the 1) dominant effect of climate, rather than outbreaks, has on fire regimes across the western United States and 2) the importance of accounting for pre-disturbance stand structure and disturbance histories on subsequent disturbance patterns and severities.

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Li, Ying, and Wei Zhang. "Predicting Future Heat-Related Mortality in Large Urban Areas in China Using GIS (Geographic Information System) and Epidemiological Approaches." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/16.

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Global climate change is anticipated to raise the overall temperatures and is likely to increase future mortality attributable to heat. China, a rapid developing nation with the world's largest population, has experienced noticeable changes in climate over the past century, with an annual increase in air temperature by 0.5-0.8°C. While increasing evidence is suggesting that climate change has posed significant health risks to Chinese population, including heat-related mortality, the extent to which climate change will affect future mortality and the sources of uncertainty in projecting prospective changes in mortality remain unexplored. Using GIS (Geographic Information System) and epidemiological approaches, this study estimates excess future premature deaths in large urban areas in China resulting from potential increases in temperature under climate change. Our projection includes 51 large Chinese cities in this study, which cover approximately one third of the total population in China. We use ArcGIS to combine temperature predictions from climate models, local temperature-mortality relationship and population forecasting and project the future excess mortality attributed to higher temperature during warm season. The study focuses on future temperature change during 2040-2050 relative to the baseline period 1950-2000 in the 51 cities selected. For future temperature projection, we ensemble outputs from 19 climate models used in the IPCC 5th Report, including outputs related to all four AR5 emission scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5). The results of this study inform decision makers of the direct health benefits of climate mitigation.
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Westerling, Anthony. "Climate change and variability and the role of information in catastrophe insurance markets /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9956447.

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Monfors, Lisa, and Corinne Morell. "Byggnadsutformning för ett framtida varmare klimat : Klimatscenariers påverkan på energianvändning och termisk komfort i ett flerbostadshus och alternativa byggnadsutformningar för att förbättra resultatet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79953.

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När byggnader projekteras används klimatfiler från 1981-2010 för att dimensionera konstruktionen och energisystemet. Detta leder till att byggnader dimensioneras för ett klimat som varit och inte ett framtida klimat. SMHI har tagit fram olika klimatscenarier för framtiden som beskriver möjliga utvecklingar klimatet kan ta beroende på fortsatt utsläpp av växthusgaser. Dessa scenarier kallas för RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways). I denna studie används två olika klimatscenarier, RCP4,5 och RCP8,5. Siffran i namnet står för den strålningsdriving som förväntas uppnås år 2100. I RCP4,5 kommer medelårstemperaturen öka med 3 °C fram till år 2100 jämfört med referensperioden 1961-1990.  För samma tidsperiod sker en ökning på 5 °C enligt RCP8,5.  Ett flerbostadshus certifierad enligt Miljöbyggnad 2.2 nivå silver placerat i Vallentuna i Stockholms län används i denna studie som referensbyggnad. Byggnaden simuleras i programmet IDA ICE där den utsätts för RCP4,5 och RCP8,5. Resultatet visar att byggnaden inte skulle klara av kraven för Miljöbyggnad 2.2 gällande termiskt klimat sommar i något av de två klimatscenarierna. De operativa temperaturerna blir för höga i byggnaden utan att tillsätta komfortkyla.  Byggnaden ändras för att se vilka faktorer som kan förbättra resultatet gällande det termiska klimatet. Resultatet visar att värmelagringsförmåga hos byggmaterial och solavskärmning har störst påverkan på det termiska klimatet.  I studien gjordes flertal olika kombinationer av byggnadsutformningar. Enbart kombinationen av en tung stomme av betong tillsammans med fönster med lägre g-värde klarar kraven för Miljöbyggnad 2.2 i RCP4,5 och RCP8,5 utan komfortkyla. Kombinationen får lägst energianvändning i RCP8,5 av de olika kombinationerna som testats i studien.  En kombination av tung stomme av KL-trä med lågt U-värde, fönster med lägre g-värde och komfortkyla får lägst energianvändning i grundklimatet och RCP4,5 av de olika kombinationerna som testats i studien trots användningen av komfortkyla.  Frågan om vilket alternativ som är bäst ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv är svårt att svara på. Det finns många aspekter som behöver tas i hänsyn till som byggnadens totala klimatavtryck både i tillverkning och användning. Oavsett val av konstruktion är det viktigt att projektera för att komfortkyla och solavskärmning skall kunna appliceras när ett varmare klimat råder.
When buildings are designed climate files from 1981 to 2010 are used to construct the building and its energy system. This leads to building being designed to a climate that has been and not to a future warmer climate that will come. SMHI has developed different climate scenarios for the future that describe different paths the climate can take depending on continued emissions of greenhouse gas. This climate scenarios are called RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) In this study two of the climate scenarios, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 are used. The number in the name stands for the radiation forcing that is expected in the year 2100.  In RCP4,5 the mean average air temperature will increase with 3 °C until year 2100 compared to the reference period 1961-1990. In the same time period RCP8,5 will increase with 5 °C.  An apartment building certified according to Miljöbyggnad 2.2 level silver placed in Vallentuna, Stockholms län is used as a reference building. The building is simulated through the simulation software program IDA ICE where it´s exposed to RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The results demonstrate that the reference building would not meet Miljöbyggnad 2.2 requirement in the indicator about thermal comfort during summer. The operative temperature in the building is too high unless comfort cooling is used.  The design of the building changes to see what factors can improve the results regarding the thermal comfort. The results demonstrate that thermal conductivity and solar shading has the greatest impact on thermal comfort.  In this study several combinations of different building designs were made. Only the combination of a concrete frame with windows with low g-value met the requirement of Miljöbyggnad 2.2 regarding the thermal comfort during summer without using comfort cooling in RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The combination had the lowest energy demand in RCP8,5 of all the combinations tested in the study.  A combination of cross laminated wood frame with low U-value, windows with low g-value and comfort cooling had the lowest energy demand in the original climate file and RCP4,5 despite the use of comfort cooling.  The questing about which building construction is the best from a sustainable perspective is difficult to answer. To answer that question the building´s total climate footprint in both production and use must be calculated. Regardless of the choice of building construction it is important to have in mind when designing a building that comfort cooling and solar shading should be easily applied when a warmer climate will prevail.
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Dunn, Miriam Rowena. "User and provider perspectives on the supply and demand of future climate change information for adaptation decision making: a case study of the wine grape sector in Austra." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13693.

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To manage climate change, primary industry stakeholders require, and hence increasingly request, information about the likely future climate of their region. When providing future climate information, researchers have tended to assume which characteristics of the climate information are most useful to Users in the primary industries in assisting short- and long-term decision-making for climate change adaptation. Further, there is an implicit assumption that more detailed, more complex information is more useful for decision making – despite mounting evidence in the literature that this is not necessarily the case. This has created a disconnect between the supply of, and demand for, particular types of future climate information. This research uses viticulture as a case study of a primary industry sector that is sensitive to climatic variability and climate change to explore this disconnect. It compares Users’ and Providers’ perspectives on Users’ future climate information needs for climate change adaptation decision making, as well as their perspectives on whether those needs are being met. Mixed methods are applied to examine the characteristics of future climate information, including the spatial and temporal scales, which are most useful to Users in viticulture for decision making regarding climate change adaptation. Viticulture User participants from across Australia require different types and complexities of information depending on the application and whether the decision they are making is for the short- or long-term. For long-term decisions (greater than one year in the future), lower resolution (coarser detail) is considered acceptable; Users prefer to receive future climate information presented in the form of homoclimes or climate analogues; and for that information to be averaged over areas the size of growing regions. Climate information is wanted over time periods that are a maximum of five to twenty years into the future. For short-term decisions (less than one year in the future), these Users want higher resolution (finer detail) climate information, averaged over 1-10 km grids, up to one year in the future because of the short-term focus. Users’ and Providers’ perspectives were compared as to whether or not they felt that co-production of information between Providers and Users was occurring in their region and/or sector. This research suggests that the rhetoric of co-production does not yet match the on-ground reality. Concerted effort is required by both Providers and Users to overcome the barriers to better engage and co-produce information by better understanding the challenges each faces. This process could be overseen by boundary organisations which could use “boundary chains” to meet User needs while sharing and therefore minimising the costs amongst multiple organisations. Secure and on-going government funding (which could be channelled through boundary organisations) and, changes to the requirements to receive project funding, would provide necessary support and impetus to this process. This research will help bridge the gap between the future climate information that Users receive from Providers and inform the types and scales of future climate information that Users in the viticulture sector consider useful in supporting effective action to adapt to climate change. The findings of this research are expected to have application beyond the particular case study sector.
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Schmid, Moritz. "Model-predicting the effect of freshwater inflow on saltwater layers, migration and life history of zooplankton in the Arctic Ocean: Towards scenarios and future trends." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F98-2.

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Books on the topic "Future climate information"

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Switzerland)), World Climate Conference ((3rd 2009 Geneva. Report of the World Climate Conference 3: Better climate information for a better future, 31 August-4 September 2009, Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva, Switzerland: WMO, 2009.

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Raucher, Robert S. The future of research on climate change impacts on water: A workshop focusing on adaptation strategies and information needs. Denver, Colo: Water Research Foundation, 2010.

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Raucher, Robert S. The future of research on climate change impacts on water: A workshop focusing on adaptation strategies and information needs. Denver, Colo: Water Research Foundation, 2010.

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Anderson, John E., Christian Bucher, Bruno Briseghella, Xin Ruan, and Tobia Zordan, eds. Sustainable Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.

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<p>Sustainability is the defining challenge for engineers in the twenty-first century. In addition to safe, economic, and effi-cient structures, a new criterion, sustainable, must be met. Furthermore, this new design paradigm–addressing social, economic, and environmental aspects–requires prompt action. In particular, mitigation of climate change requires sustainable solutions for new as well as existing structures. Taking from both practice and research, this book provides engineers with applicable, timely, and innovative information on the state-of-the-art in sustainable structural design. <p>This Structural Engineering Document addresses safety and regulations, integration concepts, and a sustainable approach to structural design. Life-cycle assessment is presented as a critical tool to quantify design options, and the importance of existing structures–in particular cultural heritage structures–is critically reviewed. Consideration is also given to bridge design and maintenance, structural reassessment, and disaster risk reduction. Finally, the importance of environmentally friendly concrete is examined. Consequently, structural engineers are shown to have the technical proficiency, as well as ethical imperative, to lead in designing a sustainable future.
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Culture Politics And Climate Change How Information Shapes Our Common Future. Routledge, 2014.

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Culture, Politics and Climate Change: How Information Shapes our Common Future. Routledge, 2014.

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Boykoff, Maxwell T., and Deserai A. Crow. Culture, Politics and Climate Change: How Information Shapes Our Common Future. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Boykoff, Maxwell T., and Deserai A. Crow. Culture, Politics and Climate Change: How Information Shapes Our Common Future. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Boykoff, Maxwell T., and Deserai A. Crow. Culture, Politics and Climate Change: How Information Shapes Our Common Future. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Boykoff, Maxwell T., and Deserai A. Crow. Culture, Politics and Climate Change: How Information Shapes Our Common Future. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Future climate information"

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Pérez-Blanco, C. D. "Navigating Deep Uncertainty in Complex Human–Water Systems." In Springer Climate, 169–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_20.

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AbstractComplex human–water systems are deeply uncertain. Policymakers are not aware of all possible futures (deep uncertainty type 2), while the probability of those futures that can be identified ex-ante is typically unknown (deep uncertainty type 1). In this context, standard decision-making based on a complete probabilistic description of future conditions and optimization of expected performance is no longer appropriate; instead, priority should be given to robustness, through the identification of policies that are (i) insensitive to foreseeable changes in future conditions (classical robustness that addresses deep uncertainty type 1) and (ii) adaptive to unforeseen contingencies (adaptive robustness that addresses deep uncertainty type 2). This research surveys recent advances in (socio-)hydrology and (institutional) economics toward robust decision-making. Despite significant progress, integration among disciplines remains weak and allows only for a fractioned understanding and partial representation of uncertainty. To bridge this gap, I will argue that science needs to further underpin the development and integration of two pieces of ex-ante information: (1) a modeling hierarchy of human–water systems to assess policy performance under alternative scenarios and model settings, so as to navigate deep uncertainty type 1 and (2) a longitudinal accounting and analysis of public transaction costs to navigate deep uncertainty type 2.
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Jensen, Steen Solvang, Jørgen Brandt, Martin Hvidberg, Matthias Ketzel, Gitte Brandt Hedegaard, and Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen. "Decision-Support System for Urban Air Pollution under Future Climate Conditions." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 641–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22285-6_69.

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Bouwer, Laurens M. "The Roles of Climate Risk Dynamics and Adaptation Limits in Adaptation Assessment." In Springer Climate, 209–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_24.

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AbstractThe performance of adaptation measures depends on their robustness against various possible futures, with varying climate change impacts. Such impacts are driven by both climatic as well as non-climatic drivers. Risk dynamics are then important, as the avoided risk will determine the benefits of adaptation actions. It is argued that the integration of information on changing exposure and vulnerability is needed to make projections of future climate risk more realistic. In addition, many impact and vulnerability studies have used a top-down rather a technical approach. Whether adaptation action is feasible is determined by technical and physical possibilities on the ground, as well as local capacities, governance and preference. These determine the hard and soft limits of adaptation. Therefore, it is argued that the risk metrics outputs alone are not sufficient to predict adaptation outcomes, or predict where adaptation is feasible or not; they must be placed in the local context. Several of the current climate risk products would fall short of their promise to inform adaptation decision-making on the ground. Some steps are proposed to improve adaptation modelling in order to better incorporate these aspects.
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Helminen, Jaakko, Balozi Bekuta Kirongo, Silvia Gaiani, Ezra Misaki, Mikko Apiola, and Erkki Sutinen. "Experiences from a Development Project in Kenya – Baselines for Future Climate Information Systems." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 366–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18400-1_30.

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Sarku, Rebecca, Divine Odame Appiah, Prosper Adiku, Rahinatu Sidiki Alare, and Senyo Dotsey. "Digital Platforms in Climate Information Service Delivery for Farming in Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1247–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_44.

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AbstractPhone-based applications, Internet connectivity, and big data are enabling climate change adaptations. From ICT for development and agriculture perspectives, great interest exists in how digital platforms support climate information provision for smallholder farmers in Africa. The vast majority of these platforms both private and public are for delivering climate information services and for data collection. The sheer number of digital platforms in the climate information sector has created a complex information landscape for potential information users, with platforms differing in information type, technology, geographic coverage, and financing structures and infrastructure. This chapter mapped the existing climate information services and examined their impact on policy and practices in smallholder farming development in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. Specifically, the chapter provides highlights of digital platforms available to smallholder farmers and agricultural extension agents, analyzes the public and/or private governance arrangements that underpin the implementation of digital climate information delivery, and assesses the potential of these platforms in scaling up the use of climate information. The chapter contributes to understanding the dynamics of climate information delivery with digital tools in Africa, and suggests a future research agenda.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "The future of cherry production." In Sweet cherries, 377–80. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0377.

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Abstract This chapter provides information on significant contribution of various advances in horticultural production technologies, including electronic sensing, autonomous orchard equipment, machine learning and artificial intelligence and robotics to future cherry production trends. New challenges due to invasive species, climate change and the ever unpredictable geopolitical landscape are also discussed.
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Arheimer, Berit, Patrik Wallman, Chantal Donnelly, Karin Nyström, and Charlotta Pers. "E-HypeWeb: Service for Water and Climate Information - and Future Hydrological Collaboration across Europe?" In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 657–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22285-6_71.

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Kersebaum, Kurt Christian. "Modelling to Evaluate Climate Resilience of Crop Rotations Under Climate Change." In Springer Climate, 87–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_11.

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AbstractDiversification of crop rotations is considered as an option to increase the resilience of European crop production under climate change. Although crop rotation design and management has been identified as an important measure to adapt to and mitigate climate change, most studies on climate change impact or adaptation so far use single-year simulations and/or single crop assessments. Crop response to various management options within a growing season is generally taken into account by most crop models. However, if simulations neglect processes and fluxes between growing seasons and potential carry-over effects related to agronomic management, the long-term sustainability of adaptation and mitigation strategies cannot be properly evaluated. Therefore, the integrated assessment of impacts, adaptation and mitigation options under current and future climatic conditions requires a continuous long-term analysis of crop sequences to take into account carry-over effects as in real conditions. The present paper provides information on crop rotation aspects, which should be considered in modelling, presents the current state of modelling for climate impact assessment, address points of uncertainty and missing aspects in modelling and draws an outlook on potential future developments with special emphasis on crop rotations. In conclusion, crop models require suitable experimental data to parameterize additional crops, which were so far not sufficiently investigated to cope with multiple opportunities in crop rotations.
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Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel, Patricia Marcos-Garcia, Corentin Girard, Carles Sanchis-Ibor, Francisco Martinez-Capel, Alberto García-Prats, Mar Ortega-Reig, Marta García-Mollá, and Jean Daniel Rinaudo. "A Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up Approach for Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resource Systems." In Springer Climate, 149–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_18.

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AbstractThe adaptation to the multiple facets of climate/global change challenges the conventional means of water system planning. Numerous demand and supply management options are often available, from which a portfolio of adaptation measures needs to be selected in a context of high uncertainty about future conditions. A framework is developed to integrate inputs from the two main approaches commonly used to plan for adaptation. The proposed “top–down meets bottom–up” approach provides a systematic and practical method for supporting the selection of adaptation measures at river basin level by comprehensively integrating the goals of economic efficiency, social acceptability, environmental sustainability, and adaptation robustness. The top-down approach relies on the use of a chain of models to assess the impact of global change on water resources and its adaptive management over a range of climate projections. Future demand scenarios and locally prioritized adaptation measures are identified following a bottom-up approach through a participatory process with the relevant stakeholders and experts. Cost-effective combinations of adaptation measures are then selected using a hydro-economic model at basin scale. The resulting adaptation portfolios are climate checked to define a robust program of measures based on trade-offs between adaptation costs and reliability. Valuable insights are obtained on the use of uncertain climate information for selecting robust, reliable, and resilient water management portfolios. Finally, cost allocation and equity implications are analyzed through the comparison of economically rational results (cooperative game theory) and the application of social justice principles.
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Cortés, A., A. E. Téllez, M. Gallardo, and J. J. Peralta. "Big Data Technology to Exploit Climate Information/Consumption Models and to Predict Future Behaviours." In International Technology Robotics Applications, 25–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02332-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Future climate information"

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Natt, Jasdeep, Ray Hashemi, Azita Bahrami, Mahmood Bahar, Nicholas Tyler, and Jay Hodgson. "Predicting Future Climate Using Algae Sedimentation." In 2012 Ninth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2012.121.

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Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi, and Filippo Landi. "Assessment of long-term structural reliability considering climate change effects." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0052.

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<p>The assessment of climate change impacts is becoming increasingly relevant for many sciences and engineering disciplines. In this context, climate change may significantly affect the design of new structures and infrastructures as well as the long-term reliability of existing ones designed under the assumption of stationary climate.</p><p>A methodology for the assessment of climate change impact on long-term structural reliability is presented, based on the analysis of available information on past and future climate. The procedure relies on the factor of change approach and provide tools for the adaptation of climatic load maps and the evaluation of variations of failure probability and reliability index with time.</p><p>The proposed procedure will be illustrated for a relevant case study considering changes in climatic actions and different degradation conditions of structural resistance, which may also be affected by global warming.</p>
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Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi, and Filippo Landi. "Assessment of long-term structural reliability considering climate change effects." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0052.

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<p>The assessment of climate change impacts is becoming increasingly relevant for many sciences and engineering disciplines. In this context, climate change may significantly affect the design of new structures and infrastructures as well as the long-term reliability of existing ones designed under the assumption of stationary climate.</p><p>A methodology for the assessment of climate change impact on long-term structural reliability is presented, based on the analysis of available information on past and future climate. The procedure relies on the factor of change approach and provide tools for the adaptation of climatic load maps and the evaluation of variations of failure probability and reliability index with time.</p><p>The proposed procedure will be illustrated for a relevant case study considering changes in climatic actions and different degradation conditions of structural resistance, which may also be affected by global warming.</p>
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Graham, Edward, Marc S. Sarazin, Martin Beniston, Claude Collet, Michael Hayoz, Moritz Neun, and Stephane Goyette. "Site selection for OWL using past, present, and future climate information." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Jacobus M. Oschmann, Jr. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.550027.

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Owen, W. "Weather and climate change - a future information need for asset managers?" In IET Seminar on Ensuring Return on Investment in Asset Information Systems. IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20060158.

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Yinhong Kang, Xiaoyi Ma, and Shahbaz Khan. "Water use efficiency evaluation of rainfed maize under future climate scenarios in Loess Plateau." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5688961.

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Nerheim, Signild. "Growing demands for downscaling of climate information — examples from predictions of future sea levels." In 2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2008.4625543.

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KAZEMIAN, MAHYAR, SAJAD NIKDEL, MEHRNAZ MOHAMMADESMAEILI, VAHID NIK, and KAMYAB ZANDI. "KALIX BRIDGE DIGITAL TWIN—STRUCTURAL LOADS FROM FUTURE EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36323.

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Environmental loads, such as wind and river flow, play an essential role in the structural design and structural assessment of long-span bridges. Climate change and extreme climatic events are threats to the reliability and safety of the transport network. This has led to a growing demand for digital twin models to investigate the resilience of bridges under extreme climate conditions. Kalix bridge, constructed over the Kalix river in Sweden in 1956, is used as a testbed in this context. The bridge structure, made of posttensioned concrete, consists of five spans, with the longest one being 94 m. In this study, aerodynamic characteristics and extreme values of numerical wind simulation such as surface pressure are obtained by using Spalart-Allmaras Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) as a hybrid RANS-LES turbulence approach which is both practical and computationally efficient for near-wall mesh density imposed by the LES method. Surface wind pressure is obtained for three extreme climate scenarios, including extreme windy weather, extremely cold weather, and design value for a 3000-year return period. The result indicates significant differences in surface wind pressure due to time layers coming from transient wind flow simulation. In order to assess the structural performance under the critical wind scenario, the highest value of surface pressure for each scenario is considered. Also, a hydrodynamic study is conducted on the bridge pillars, in which the river flow is simulated using the VOF method, and the water movement process around the pillars is examined transiently and at different times. The surface pressure applied by the river flow with the highest recorded volumetric flow is calculated on each of the pier surfaces. In simulating the river flow, information and weather conditions recorded in the past periods have been used. The results show that the surface pressure at the time when the river flow hit the pillars is much higher than in subsequent times. This amount of pressure can be used as a critical load in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) calculations. Finally, for both sections, the wind surface pressure, the velocity field with respect to auxiliary probe lines, the water circumferential motion contours around the pillars, and the pressure diagram on them are reported in different timesteps.
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Venkatesh, Suresh. "The Journey Towards a Net-Zero Emission Future." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31364-ms.

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Abstract The recent trends indicate strong growth opportunities in the FPSO market. Securing financing for projects, however, will continue to be a challenge – given the rising expectations of the investment market. This paper presents a methodology to address demand for climate-related information by investors. It provides practical guidance to build a robust framework – to boost environmental credentials, enhance investor and lender confidence and improve access to capital.
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Gryniuk, Michael, Dirk Kestner, Luke Lombardi, Megan Stringer, Mark Webster, Lauren Wingo, and Frances Yang. "Crafting a framework of embodied carbon education, tracking, and reduction for US-based structural engineers." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0224.

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<p>Achieving reductions to embodied carbon, the global warming potential emissions due to the production of materials, is an essential component to meeting science-based climate targets. Studies have shown that a significant portion of embodied emissions within the built environment are due to structural materials. However, many structural engineers are, not only uneducated in the concept of embodied carbon, but also not aware of the role their decisions can make in addressing climate change. This is further exacerbated by a profession that does not have sufficient structural system embodied carbon benchmark information to make important and informed early design decisions. This required the collaborative development of a structural engineering commitment program, SE 2050, that is supported by leading professional organizations to spur the education and transformation of the profession.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Future climate information"

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Hoy, Andreas, Åsa Gerger Swartling, and Elin Leander. Adopting a user-oriented approach to make climate information more accessible across Europe. Stockholm Environment Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.009.

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Research from the ClimVis Europe project shows that climate information must be presented in more effective ways to reduce climate risks and support adaptation. Users need information that is easy to access, in their own language, and designed to help them make connections between real-time weather events and long-term climate developments. Users of weather and climate data in Europe are aware of only a few (if any) relevant, available tools that provide them with the insights into current, future and long-term meteorological trends that they seek. However, efforts to boost awareness of available tools, while important, will not be enough to meet user demands. Providers of climate information need to consult with stakeholders to co-develop new tools to meet needs and support the uptake of information. Existing European tools have two key shortcomings: limited language and insufficient context. The provision of climate information exclusively in English excludes many users (especially at local and regional levels and in Eastern Europe and Russia). Tools do not link real-time extreme weather with long-term past or future climate trends; such connections are essential to assess climate change-related impacts and adaptation needs. We interpret the results as a call to action, to enhance related communication that is fundamental to the need to reduce climate risks and support adaptation.
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Bolton, Laura. Lessons for FCDO Climate Change Programming in East Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.085.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on FCDO climate projects across the East African region in the following countries; Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. This review established that sector stakeholders in countries like Rwanda lacked climate impact information. This highlights the need of providing the right information in the right form to meet the end users need. The above case studies have shown the need for consistent and harmonised future climate projections that are country specific. According to a study undertaken in Tanzania and Malawi, understanding the likely future characteristics of climate risk is a key component of adaptation and climate-resilient planning, but given future uncertainty it is important to design approaches that are strongly informed by local considerations and robust to uncertainty. According to the findings from the research, policy incoherence, over-reliance on donor funding, change in leadership roles is a barrier to adaptation. There is also an urgent need for mechanisms for sharing experience and learning from methodologies, technologies, and challenges. Further, Stakeholder dialogue and iterative climate service processes need to be facilitated. This review also explores approaches to communicating climatic uncertainties with decision-makers. Particularly, presentation of data using slide-sets, and stories about possible futures.
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Runyon, Amber, Gregor Schuurman, Brian Miller, Amy Symstad, and Amanda Hardy. Climate change scenario planning for resource stewardship at Wind Cave National Park: Climate change scenario planning summary. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286672.

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This report explains scenario planning as a climate change adaptation tool in general, then describes how it was applied to Wind Cave National Park as the second part of a pilot project to dovetail climate change scenario planning with National Park Service (NPS) Resource Stewardship Strategy development. In the orientation phase, Park and regional NPS staff, other subject-matter experts, natural and cultural resource planners, and the climate change core team who led the scenario planning project identified priority resource management topics and associated climate sensitivities. Next, the climate change core team used this information to create a set of four divergent climate futures—summaries of relevant climate data from individual climate projections—to encompass the range of ways climate could change in coming decades in the park. Participants in the scenario planning workshop then developed climate futures into robust climate-resource scenarios that considered expert-elicited resource impacts and identified potential management responses. Finally, the scenario-based resource responses identified by park staff and subject matter experts were used to integrate climate-informed adaptations into resource stewardship goals and activities for the park's Resource Stewardship Strategy. This process of engaging resource managers in climate change scenario planning ensures that their management and planning decisions are informed by assessments of critical future climate uncertainties.
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Price, Roz. Climate Change Risks and Opportunities in Yemen. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.096.

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This rapid review provides insight into the effects of climate change in the Republic of Yemen (Yemen), with particular attention on key sectors of concern, including food security, water, energy and health. Many contextual and background factors are relevant when discussing climate-related impacts and potential priorities in Yemen. Limited studies and tools that provide climate data for Yemen exist, and there is a clear lack of recent and reliable climate data and statistics for past and future climates in Yemen, both at the national and more local levels (downscaled). Country-level information in this report is drawn mostly from information reported in Yemen’s UNFCCC reporting (Republic of Yemen, 2013, 2015) and other sources, which tend to be donor climate change country profiles, such as a USAID (2017) climate change risk profile for Yemen and a Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) (2015) climate fact sheet on Yemen. Many of these are based on projections from older sources. Studies more commonly tend to look at water scarcity or food insecurity issues in relation to Yemen, with climate change mentioned as a factor (one of many) but not the main focus. Regional information is taken from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) report in relation to the Arabian Peninsula (and hence Yemen). Academic sources as well as donor, research institutes and intergovernmental organisations sources are also included. It was outside the scope of this report to review literature in the Arabic language.
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Pradhananga, Saurav, Arthur Lutz, Archana Shrestha, Indira Kadel, Bikash Nepal, and Santosh Nepal. Selection and downscaling of general circulation model datasets and extreme climate indices analysis - Manual. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.4.

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A supplement to the Climate Change Scenarios for Nepal report published by the Ministry of Forests and Environment for the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process, this manual provides detailed information about the processes through which the assessment highlighted in the report can be carried out. They include – selection of the general circulation/climate models (GCMs), downscaling of the GCM dataset, assessment of changes in precipitation and temperature, and assessment of change in climate extremes. The manual downscales climate datasets for the Koshi River basin, the Kabul River basin, and the Kailash Sacred Landscape to analyse future scenarios in these basins and the landscape.
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Handler, Stephen, Maria Janowiak, and Chris Swanston. Climate Change Field Guide for Northern Minnesota Forests: Site-level considerations and adaptation. USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6949547.ch.

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Climate change is a growing concern for forests across Minnesota. Foresters, land managers, and landowners are considering how to prepare for future conditions and how to evaluate risks for particular sites. This field guide is designed as a quick reference on climate change for northern Minnesota forests. The intent is to highlight key information that can be used during field visits or forest planning. We hope that this guide will help foresters consider climate change risks together with local site characteristics, and also that it will help people design adaptation actions that help meet management goals.
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Tierney, Geraldine. Climate change trends and impacts at Martin Van Buren National Historic Site: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289957.

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This assessment synthesizes information about current and projected climate and related impacts at Martin Van Buren National Historic Park (MAVA) in order to help park stewards understand, plan, and manage for climate change. Working with a group of park managers, scientists, and local stake-holders, six key park resources were identified for assessment herein: Climate, Water quantity, Phenology, Agriculture, Trees, and Cultural resources. Where data was available, this analysis assessed current condition and considered mid-century (2030–2060) and end-of-century (2100) impacts based on a range of projected future climate conditions, including reduced, low, high and highest emission pathways. Climate change stressors identified for MAVA include: Increased temperature, increased hot days, increased precipitation, increased extreme precipitation events, increased flooding and erosion, shifting ranges of both native species and pest, pathogen and weed species, and phenological shifts and mismatches.
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Mäkelä, Antti, Tapio Tourula, Heikki Tuomenvirta, Pauli Jokinen, Terhi Laurila, Ari-Juhani Punkka, Minna Huuskonen, Tuomo Brgman, and Hannu Valta. Climate change impacts to the security of supply. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361645.

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Serious disruptions and exceptional circumstances for society, that the society tries to prepare for and act in them are at the center of security of supply. Current examples are the COVID pandemic and the ongoing energy crisis for which Finland's security of supply has also been strongly highlighted. Disturbances can also be caused by weather phenomena: in Finland, such examples are windstorms, severe thunderstorms, floods, and droughts, which can, at least in principle, paralyze the society. It is possible to prepare for the impacts of weather phenomena, but the ongoing rapid climate change makes it more complicated. Some of the weather phenomena that cause impacts are fast and violent (e.g. intense thunderstorms) and some occur more slowly (e.g. long heat waves), and climate change affects the phenomena in different ways. In this work, the estimated impacts of climate change on Finland's security of supply were investigated. The starting point was to gain an understanding of which weather phenomena and weather situations are central to security of supply and which sectors of security of supply are the most vulnerable. The work constituted of workshops and expert interviews organized with the National Emergency Supply Agency. In addition to the interviews, the work covered past significant weather situations in Finland that are known to have had significant societal impacts. Information was also extracted from recent literature, especially regarding the vulnerabilities and adaptability of different sectors in Finland. Estimates of the climate change impacts on the identified phenomena were combined with the collected information, resulting in a first understanding of how climate change affects Finland's security of supply. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impacts of climate change on security of supply are quite complex, especially due to the wide spectrum of weather phenomena and their different impact mechanisms. In addition, the matter becomes more complicated by the fact that there is no clear distinction of what weather phenomenon actually is critical to security of supply and what is not. For example, could the increasing adverse impacts on health care due to the increasingly common heat conditions reach a serious societal disturbance situation at some point, if it is not sufficiently prepared in advance? Another key result is that in terms of security of supply, the direct effects of climate change are very small in Finland compared to many other countries. Although the climate in Finland has already changed considerably and will continue to change in the future, the biggest impacts to security of supply seem to be reflected from elsewhere: the experts of the National Emergency Supply Agency consider the worst situation to be a lack of food, water and habitable living environment in the world, which would also be reflected to Finland. Among the sectors, food/water and energy supply and logistics are perceived as the most vulnerable. The work mainly focused on the direct effects of climate change, i.e. the effects of climate change on the occurrence of various weather phenomena. However, the work also considers to some extent indirect effects, i.e. those reflected from other parts of the world, and transitional effects that result from climate change mitigation measures, especially from the rapid energy transition.
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10

Sills, David, and Greg Kopp. Northern Tornadoes Project. Annual Report 2020. Western Libraries, Western University, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ntpr201.

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The Northern Tornadoes Project (NTP) is a partnership between Western University and ImpactWx that aims to better detect tornado occurrence throughout Canada, improve severe and extreme weather prediction, mitigate against damage to people and property and investigate future implications due to climate change. Western University also collaborates with Environment and Climate Change Canada, the University of Manitoba, and several international universities on this Project. Visit the Northern Tornadoes Project website for additional information.
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