Journal articles: 'Fusion solutale'

1

Muñoz-Barroso, Isabel, Stewart Durell, Kazuyasu Sakaguchi, Ettore Appella, and Robert Blumenthal. "Dilation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus–1 Envelope Glycoprotein Fusion Pore Revealed by the Inhibitory Action of a Synthetic Peptide from gp41." Journal of Cell Biology 140, no. 2 (January 26, 1998): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.140.2.315.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We have monitored fusion between cell pairs consisting of a single human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein–expressing cell and a CD4+ target cell, which had been labeled with both a fluorescent lipid in the membrane and a fluorescent solute in the cytosol. We developed a new three-color assay to keep track of the cell into which fluorescent lipids and/or solutes are redistributed. Lipid and solute redistribution occur as a result of opening a lipid-permissive fusion pore and a solute-permissive fusion pore (FPS), respectively. A synthetic peptide (DP178) corresponding to residues 643–678 of the HIV-1LAI gp120-gp41 sequence (Wild, C.T., D.C. Shugars, T.K. Greenwell, C.B. McDanal, and T.J. Matthews. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:12676–12680) completely inhibited FPS at 50 ng/ml, whereas at that concentration there was 20–30% fusion activity measured by the lipid redistribution. The differences detected in lipid mixing versus contents mixing are maintained up to 6 h of coculture of gp120-41–expressing cells with target cells, indicating that DP178 can “clamp” the fusion complex in the lipid mixing intermediate for very long time periods. A peptide from the NH2-terminal of gp41, DP107, inhibited HIV-1LAI gp120-gp41–mediated cell fusion at higher concentrations, but with no differences between lipid and aqueous dye redistribution at the different inhibitor concentrations. The inhibition of solute redistribution by DP178 was complete when the peptide was added to the fusion reaction mixture during the first 15 min of coculture. We have analyzed the inhibition data in terms of a fusion pore dilation model that incorporates the recently determined high resolution structure of the gp41 core.

2

Blumenthal, R., D. P. Sarkar, S. Durell, D. E. Howard, and S. J. Morris. "Dilation of the influenza hemagglutinin fusion pore revealed by the kinetics of individual cell-cell fusion events." Journal of Cell Biology 135, no. 1 (October 1, 1996): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.135.1.63.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We have monitored kinetics of fusion between cell pairs consisting of a single influenza hemaglutinin (HA)-expressing cell and a single erythrocyte (RBC) that had been labeled with both a fluorescent lipid (Dil) in the membrane and a fluorescent solute (calcein) in the aqueous space. Initial fusion pore opening between the RBC and HA-expressing cell produced a change in RBC membrane potential (delta psi) that was monitored by a decrease in Dil fluorescence. This event was followed by two distinct stages of fusion pore dilation: the flux of fluorescent lipid (phi L) and the flux of a large aqueous fluorescent dye (phi s). We have analyzed the kinetics of events that occur as a result of transitions between a fusion pore (FP) and a solute permissive fusion pore (FPs). Our data are consistent with a fusion pore comprising six HA trimers.

3

Cohen, F. S., W. D. Niles, and M. H. Akabas. "Fusion of phospholipid vesicles with a planar membrane depends on the membrane permeability of the solute used to create the osmotic pressure." Journal of General Physiology 93, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.93.2.201.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Phospholipid vesicles fuse with a planar membrane when they are osmotically swollen. Channels in the vesicle membrane are required for swelling to occur when the vesicle-containing compartment is made hyperosmotic by adding a solute (termed an osmoticant). We have studied fusion using two different channels, porin, a highly permeable channel, and nystatin, a much less permeable channel. We report that an osmoticant's ability to support fusion (defined as the magnitude of osmotic gradient necessary to obtain sustained fusion) depends on both its permeability through lipid bilayer as well as its permeability through the channel by which it enters the vesicle interior. With porin as the channel, formamide requires an osmotic gradient about ten times that required with urea, which is approximately 1/40th as permeant as formamide through bare lipid membrane. When nystatin is the channel, however, fusion rates sustained by osmotic gradients of formamide are within a factor of two of those obtained with urea. Vesicles containing a porin-impermeant solute can be induced to swell and fuse with a planar membrane when the impermeant bathing the vesicles is replaced by an isosmotic quantity of a porin-permeant solute. With this method of swelling, formamide is as effective as urea in obtaining fusion. In addition, we report that binding of vesicles to the planar membrane does not make the contact region more permeable to the osmoticant than is bare lipid bilayer. In the companion paper, we quantitatively account for the observation that the ability of a solute to promote fusion depends on its permeability properties and the method of swelling. We show that the intravesicular pressure developed drives fusion.

4

Marshall, David, Caleb Schenck, Lydia Hines, and John G. Speer. "Solute Enrichment in the Fusion Zone during Resistance Spot Welding of a Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 966 (November 29, 2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9fyive.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Resistance spot welding is a critical joining technique in automobile assembly. The load carrying properties of spot welds are generally accepted to correlate with weld diameter, which increases with increasing weld current or duration. The formation of a softened layer, or weld halo, surrounding the fusion zone in a spot-welded third generation (Gen3) advanced high strength steel (AHSS) was recently reported in the literature. To optimize weld performance by schedule design, it is necessary to understand the halo formation characteristics and potential impacts. Accordingly, welding of a Gen3 AHSS was performed using weld times between 130 – 1300 ms. Microhardness mapping characterized weld microhardness and the evolution of the halo during welding. Electron probe microanalysis and timeof-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry enabled measurement of solute distributions through the weld halo, while scanning electron microscopy was used for microstructural characterization. The solidified structure was examined using light-optical microscopy, and with the microhardness and compositional data, used to infer the mechanism by which the halo forms during welding. It was found that the halo develops due to solute rejection from a cellular solidification front that advances towards the center of the fusion zone while weld current is applied. Extended weld times increase the size of the weld halo and the solute content of the inner fusion zone. The decrease in weld halo microhardness and the increase in inner fusion zone microhardness is largely explained by the changes in local carbon content associated with halo formation.

5

Niles, W. D., F. S. Cohen, and A. Finkelstein. "Hydrostatic pressures developed by osmotically swelling vesicles bound to planar membranes." Journal of General Physiology 93, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 211–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.93.2.211.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

When phospholipid vesicles bound to a planar membrane are osmotically swollen, they develop a hydrostatic pressure (delta P) and fuse with the membrane. We have calculated the steady-state delta P, from the equations of irreversible thermodynamics governing water and solute flows, for two general methods of osmotic swelling. In the first method, vesicles are swollen by adding a solute to the vesicle-containing compartment to make it hyperosmotic. delta P is determined by the vesicle membrane's permeabilities to solute and water. If the vesicle membrane is devoid of open channels, then delta P is zero. When the vesicle membrane contains open channels, then delta P peaks at a channel density unique to the solute permeability properties of both the channel and the membrane. The solute enters the vesicle through the channels but leaks out through the region of vesicle-planar membrane contact. delta P is largest for channels having high permeabilities to the solute and for solutes with low membrane permeabilities in the contact region. The model predicts the following order of solutes producing pressures of decreasing magnitude: KCl greater than urea greater than formamide greater than or equal to ethylene glycol. Differences between osmoticants quantitatively depend on the solute permeability of the channel and the density of channels in the vesicle membrane. The order of effectiveness is the same as that experimentally observed for solutes promoting fusion. Therefore, delta P drives fusion. When channels with small permeabilities are used, coupling between solute and water flows within the channel has a significant effect on delta P. In the second method, an impermeant solute bathing the vesicles is isosmotically replaced by a solute which permeates the channels in the vesicle membrane. delta P resulting from this method is much less sensitive to the permeabilities of the channel and membrane to the solute. delta P approaches the theoretical limit set by the concentration of the impermeant solute.

6

Rharbi, Yahya, and Mitchell A. Winnik. "Solute exchange between surfactant micelles by micelle fragmentation and fusion." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 89-90 (January 2001): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(00)00054-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kim, Jongsu, Kyung Won Hwang, Hye Jung Lee, and Hong Sook Kim. "Systematic Analysis of Cellular Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Targets for SLC45A3:ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111818.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ETS-related gene (ERG) fusion affects prostate cancer depending on the degree of expression of ERG. Solute Carrier Family 45 Member 3 (SLC45A3) is the second-most common 5′ partner gene of ERG rearrangement. However, the molecular pathological features of SLC45A3:ERG (S:E) fusion and therapeutic methods have not been studied at all. S:E fusion-positive cancers (n = 10) were selected from the Tumor Fusion Gene Data Portal website. Fusion-negative cancers (n = 50) were selected by sorting ERG expression level in descending order and selecting the bottom to 50th sample. Totally, 1325 ERG correlated genes were identified by a Pearson correlation test using over 0.3 of absolute correlation coefficiency (|R| > 0.3). Pathway analysis was performed using over-representation analysis of correlated genes, and seven cancer-related pathways (focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, Notch, receptor tyrosine kinase/PDGF, TGF-β, VEGFA, and Wnt signaling) were identified. In particular, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/PI3K-Akt signaling and JAK-STAT signaling were significantly enriched in S:E fusion-positive prostate cancer. We further identified therapeutic targets and candidate drugs for S:E fusion-positive prostate cancer using gene–drug network analysis. Interestingly, PDGFRA and PDGFRB were the most frequently predicted therapeutic targets, and imatinib targeted both genes. In this study, we provide extensive information on cellular signaling pathways involved in S:E fusion-positive prostate cancer and also suggest therapeutic methods.

8

Sato, Kazuhisa, Shunya Takagi, Satoshi Ichikawa, Takuya Ishimoto, and Takayoshi Nakano. "Microstructure and Solute Segregation around the Melt-Pool Boundary of Orientation-Controlled 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010218.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

For this article, we studied the microstructure and solute segregation seen around the melt pool boundary of orientation-controlled 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion, using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. We found that the solidification cellular microstructures could be visualized with the aid of solute segregation (Cr and Mo) during solidification. Mn–Si–O inclusions (10–15 nm in diameter) were distributed along the lamellar boundaries, as well as in the dislocation cell walls. It is believed that the grain growth of the inclusions can be effectively suppressed by rapid quenching during the laser powder-bed fusion process. A thin region without cellular microstructures was observed at the melt-pool boundary. The cellular spacing widened near the bottom of the melt-pool boundary, owing to the decrease in the cooling rate. Atomic-structure analysis at the lamellar boundary by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a local interfacial structure, which is complementary to the results of electron back-scatter diffraction.

9

Desjardins, M., N. N. Nzala, R. Corsini, and C. Rondeau. "Maturation of phagosomes is accompanied by changes in their fusion properties and size-selective acquisition of solute materials from endosomes." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 18 (September 15, 1997): 2303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.18.2303.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Maturation of phagosomes is characterized by changes in their polypeptides, phosphorylated proteins and phospholipid composition. Kinetic analyses have shown that a variety of proteins associate and dissociate from latex-containing phagosomes at precise intervals during phagolysosome biogenesis. In an attempt to link these temporal biochemical modifications to functional changes, we have examined the in vivo fusion properties of aging endosomes and phagosomes. Using an in vivo fusion assay at the electron microscope, we measured the rate of exchange of bovine serum albumin-gold (5 and 16 nm particles) between endosomes and latex-bead-containing phagosomes. The results obtained indicate that the maturation of phagosomes is accompanied by changes of their fusion properties. Early phagosomes were shown to fuse preferentially with early endocytic organelles and to gradually acquire the ability to fuse with late endocytic organelles. Furthermore, the transfer of bovine serum albumin-gold from endosomes to phagosomes is size-dependent, a process also modulated by the maturation of these organelles, in agreement with the concept that transient fusion events occur between endosomes and phagosomes. Biochemical analysis showed variations in the levels of rab proteins associated with phagosomes during maturation while other ‘fusion’ proteins, including synaptobrevin1 and synaptobrevin2, remained constant.

10

Lehnert, Ralph J., and Richard Schilling. "Accuracy of Molar Solubility Prediction from Hansen Parameters. An Exemplified Treatment of the Bioantioxidant l-Ascorbic Acid." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124266.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Estimating molar solubility from the Hildebrand-Scott relation employing Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) is widely presumed a valid semi-quantitative approach. To test this presumption and to determine quantitatively the inherent accuracy of such a solubility prognosis, l-ascorbic acid (LAA) was treated as an example of a commercially important solute. Analytical calculus and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation were performed for 20 common solvents with total HSP ranging from 14.5 to 33.0 (MPa)0.5 utilizing validated material data. It was found that, due to the uncertainty of the material data used in the calculations, the solubility prediction had a large scattering and, thus, a low precision. Prediction power is most adversely affected by the uncertainty of the HSP estimates (solvent and solute), followed by the solute heat of fusion. The solute melting temperature and molar volume have minor effects. Computed and experimental solubilities show the same qualitative behavior, while quantitative discrepancies reach one to three orders of magnitude. Solubility estimates were found to provide, at best, rough guiding information but, with the quality of material data on LAA available, they cannot be rated semi-quantitative. It is assumed that these results generally apply at least to solute-solvent systems with a material data quality and solubility similar to LAA.

11

Vanderpool, Carin K., and Susan Gottesman. "The Novel Transcription Factor SgrR Coordinates the Response to Glucose-Phosphate Stress." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 6 (January 5, 2007): 2238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01689-06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ABSTRACT SgrR is the first characterized member of a family of bacterial transcription factors containing an N-terminal DNA binding domain and a C-terminal solute binding domain. Previously, we reported genetic evidence that SgrR activates the divergently transcribed gene sgrS, which encodes a small RNA required for recovery from glucose-phosphate stress. In this study, we examined the regulation of sgrR expression and found that SgrR negatively autoregulates its own transcription in the presence and absence of stress. An SgrR binding site in the sgrR-sgrS intergenic region is required in vivo for both SgrR-dependent activation of sgrS and autorepression of sgrR. Purified SgrR binds specifically to sgrS promoter DNA in vitro; a mutation in the site required for in vivo activation and autorepression abrogates in vitro SgrR binding. A plasmid library screen identified clones that alter expression of a P sgrS -lacZ fusion; some act by titrating endogenous SgrR. The yfdZ gene, encoding a putative aminotransferase, was identified in this screen; the yfdZ promoter contains an SgrR binding site, and transcriptional fusions indicate that yfdZ is activated by SgrR. Clones containing mlc, which encodes a glucose-specific repressor protein, also downregulate P sgrS -lacZ. The mlc clones do not appear to titrate the SgrR protein, indicating that Mlc affects sgrS expression by an alternative mechanism.

12

Olynik, Nicholas, Bin Cheng, David J. Sprouster, Chad M. Parish, and Jason R. Trelewicz. "Microstructural Transitions during Powder Metallurgical Processing of Solute Stabilized Nanostructured Tungsten Alloys." Metals 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010159.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Exploiting grain boundary engineering in the design of alloys for extreme environments provides a promising pathway for enhancing performance relative to coarse-grained counterparts. Due to its attractive properties as a plasma facing material for fusion devices, tungsten presents an opportunity to exploit this approach in addressing the significant materials challenges imposed by the fusion environment. Here, we employ a ternary alloy design approach for stabilizing W against recrystallization and grain growth while simultaneously enhancing its manufacturability through powder metallurgical processing. Mechanical alloying and grain refinement in W-10 at.% Ti-(10,20) at.% Cr alloys are accomplished through high-energy ball milling with transitions in the microstructure mapped as a function of milling time. We demonstrate the multi-modal nature of the resulting nanocrystalline grain structure and its stability up to 1300 °C with the coarser grain size population correlated to transitions in crystallographic texture that result from the preferred slip systems in BCC W. Field-assisted sintering is employed to consolidate the alloy powders into bulk samples, which, due to the deliberately designed compositional features, are shown to retain ultrafine grain structures despite the presence of minor carbides formed during sintering due to carbon impurities in the ball-milled powders.

13

McConnell, Daniel S., and Stephen E. Schullery. "Phospholipid vesicle fusion and drug loading: temperature, solute and cholesterol effects, and, a rapid preparation for solute-loaded vesicles." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 818, no. 1 (August 1985): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(85)90132-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

DuPont, J. N., C. V. Robino, and A. R. Marder. "Modeling solute redistribution and microstructural development in fusion welds of Nb-bearing superalloys." Acta Materialia 46, no. 13 (August 1998): 4781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(98)00123-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Li, Shuangyang, Xianren Zhang, Wei Dong, and Wenchuan Wang. "Computer Simulations of Solute Exchange Using Micelles by a Collision-Driven Fusion Process." Langmuir 24, no. 17 (September 2, 2008): 9344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la801521b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hart, P. D., and M. R. Young. "Ammonium chloride, an inhibitor of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, concurrently induces phagosome-endosome fusion, and opens a novel pathway: studies of a pathogenic mycobacterium and a nonpathogenic yeast." Journal of Experimental Medicine 174, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.174.4.881.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The weak base ammonium chloride has been previously reported to inhibit lysosomal movements and phagosome-lysosome (Ph-L) fusion in cultured mouse macrophages (M phi), thus reducing delivery, to an intraphagosomal infection, of endocytosed solutes that have concentrated in secondary lysosomes. We have now addressed the question, whether NH4Cl might affect any direct interaction (if it exists) between such infection phagosomes and earlier, nonlysosomal compartments of the endocytic pathway, i.e., solute-containing endosomes. The phagosomes studied were formed after ingestion of the mouse pathogen Mycobacterium microti and the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and the endosomes were formed after nonreceptor-mediated endocytosis of electronopaque and fluorescent soluble markers. By electron microscopy, survey of the cell profiles of M phi that had been treated with 10 mM NH4Cl so that Ph-L fusion was prevented, and that displayed many ferritin-labeled endosomes, revealed numerous examples of the fusion of electronlucent endosomes, revealed numerous examples of the fusion of electronlucent vesicles with phagosomes, whether containing M. microti bacilli or S. cerevisiae yeasts. Fusion was recognized by transfer of label and by morphological evidence of fusion in progress. The fusing vesicles were classed as endosomes, not NH4Cl-lysosomes, by their appearance and provenance, and because lysosome participation was excluded by the concurrent, NH4Cl-caused block of Ph-L fusion and associated lysosomal stasis. No evidence of such phagosome-endosome (Ph-E) fusion was observed in profiles from M phi treated with chloroquine, nor in those from normal, untreated M phi. NH4Cl-treated living M phi that had ingested yeasts at 37 degrees C, followed by endocytosis of lucifer yellow at 17 degrees C (to accumulate labeled endosomes and postpone label passing to lysosomes), were then restored to 37 degrees C. Fluorescence microscopy showed that as many as half of the yeast phagosomes (previously unlabeled) rapidly became colored. We inferred that this transfer was from endosomes (by Ph-E fusion) because Ph-L passage was blocked (by the NH4Cl). We conclude that NH4Cl induces Ph-E fusion at the same time as it suppressed Ph-L fusion. We discuss the mechanisms of these concurrent effects and suggest that they are independent; and we consider the implications of NH4Cl opening a direct route for endocytosed molecules to reach an intraphagosomal infection without involving lysosomes.

17

Sugimoto, Jun, Sehee Choi, Megan A. Sheridan, Iemasa Koh, Yoshiki Kudo, and Danny J. Schust. "Could the Human Endogenous Retrovirus-Derived Syncytialization Inhibitor, Suppressyn, Limit Heterotypic Cell Fusion Events in the Decidua?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910259.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Proper placental development relies on tightly regulated trophoblast differentiation and interaction with maternal cells. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) play an integral role in modulating cell fusion events in the trophoblast cells of the developing placenta. Syncytin-1 (ERVW-1) and its receptor, solute-linked carrier family A member 5 (SLC1A5/ASCT2), promote fusion of cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells to generate the multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) layer which is in direct contact with maternal blood. Another HERV-derived protein known as Suppressyn (ERVH48-1/SUPYN) is implicated in anti-fusogenic events as it shares the common receptor with ERVW-1. Here, we explore primary tissue and publicly available datasets to determine the distribution of ERVW-1, ERVH48-1 and SLC1A5 expression at the maternal-fetal interface. While SLC1A5 is broadly expressed in placental and decidual cell types, ERVW-1 and ERVH48-1 are confined to trophoblast cell types. ERVH48-1 displays higher expression levels in CTB and extravillous trophoblast, than in STB, while ERVW-1 is generally highest in STB. We have demonstrated through gene targeting studies that suppressyn has the ability to prevent ERVW-1-induced fusion events in co-culture models of trophoblast cell/maternal endometrial cell interactions. These findings suggest that differential HERV expression is vital to control fusion and anti-fusogenic events in the placenta and consequently, any imbalance or dysregulation in HERV expression may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

18

Dorta-Almenara, Minerva, and María Cristina Capace. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of GTAW welded joints of AA6105 aluminum alloy." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 25, no. 43 (September 1, 2016): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v25.n43.2016.5293.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is one of the most used methods to weld aluminum. This work investigates the influence of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GTAW welded AA6105 aluminum alloy joints. AA6105 alloy plates with different percent values of cold work were joined by GTAW, using various combinations of welding current and speed. The fusion zone, in which the effects of cold work have disappeared, and the heat affected zone of the welded samples were examined under optical and scanning electron microscopes, additionally, mechanical tests and measures of Vickers microhardness were performed. Results showed dendritic morphology with solute micro- and macrosegregation in the fusion zone, which is favored by the constitutional supercooling when heat input increases. When heat input increased and welding speed increased or remained constant, greater segregation was obtained, whereas welding speed decrease produced a coarser microstructure. In the heat affected zone recrystallization, dissolution, and coarsening of precipitates occurred, which led to variations in hardness and strength.

19

Mukherjee, Indrani, and Charles Barlowe. "Overexpression of Sly41 suppresses COPII vesicle–tethering deficiencies by elevating intracellular calcium levels." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): 1635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0704.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

SLY41 was identified as a multicopy suppressor of loss of Ypt1, a Rab GTPase essential for COPII vesicle tethering at the Golgi complex. SLY41 encodes a polytopic membrane protein with homology to a class of solute transporter proteins, but how overexpression suppresses vesicle-tethering deficiencies is not known. Here we show that Sly41 is efficiently packaged into COPII vesicles and actively cycles between the ER and Golgi compartments. SLY41 displays synthetic negative genetic interactions with PMR1, which encodes the major Golgi-localized Ca2+/Mn2+transporter and suggests that Sly41 influences cellular Ca2+and Mn2+homeostasis. Experiments using the calcium probe aequorin to measure intracellular Ca2+concentrations in live cells reveal that Sly41 overexpression significantly increases cytosolic calcium levels. Although specific substrates of the Sly41 transporter were not identified, our findings indicate that localized overexpression of Sly41 to the early secretory pathway elevates cytosolic calcium levels to suppress vesicle-tethering mutants. In vitro SNARE cross-linking assays were used to directly monitor the influence of Ca2+on tethering and fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi membranes. Strikingly, calcium at suppressive concentrations stimulated SNARE-dependent membrane fusion when vesicle-tethering activity was reduced. These results show that calcium positively regulates the SNARE-dependent fusion stage of ER–Golgi transport.

20

Childers, A. G., and G. M. Hieftje. "Morphological Investigation of Solute Particles Trapped from an Air-Acetylene Flame." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 7 (September 1986): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508124.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A uniform-droplet generator has been employed to produce individual desolvated KCl particles in a laminar air-acetylene flame. The resulting particles were collected on various surfaces and at different points in their vaporization history. Morphological studies were then conducted on the trapped particles in order to better characterize the structural changes which occur during desolvation and vaporization. Particles collected early in their vaporization exhibited strong crystalline structure characteristic of KCl, whereas particles gathered later in their volatilization history showed evidence of fusion and, in some cases, the formation of hollow spheres. In addition to the morphological studies, the various collection surfaces and the collection technique itself were assessed. Direct collection on scanning-electron microscopy specimen stubs was judged to be best.

21

Darrah, P. R., M. Tlalka, A. Ashford, S. C. Watkinson, and M. D. Fricker. "The Vacuole System Is a Significant Intracellular Pathway for Longitudinal Solute Transport in Basidiomycete Fungi." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 7 (July 2006): 1111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00026-06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Mycelial fungi have a growth form which is unique among multicellular organisms. The data presented here suggest that they have developed a unique solution to internal solute translocation involving a complex, extended vacuole. In all filamentous fungi examined, this extended vacuole forms an interconnected network, dynamically linked by tubules, which has been hypothesized to act as an internal distribution system. We have tested this hypothesis directly by quantifying solute movement within the organelle by photobleaching a fluorescent vacuolar marker. Predictive simulation models were then used to determine the transport characteristics over extended length scales. This modeling showed that the vacuolar organelle forms a functionally important, bidirectional diffusive transport pathway over distances of millimeters to centimeters. Flux through the pathway is regulated by the dynamic tubular connections involving homotypic fusion and fission. There is also a strongly predicted interaction among vacuolar organization, predicted diffusion transport distances, and the architecture of the branching colony margin.

22

Li, Z., M. Greenwood, and A. Phillion. "A phase field methodology for simulating the microstructure evolution during laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying process." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1281, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract A recently-developed [1] multi-component phase field model has been utilized to investigate microstructure evolution during in-situ alloying of a blended elemental Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe alloy powder via the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process. The process of in-situ alloying, where elemental powder is used instead of pre-alloyed powder, was studied by performing two simulations having: (1) a uniform initial composition, and (2) a spatially varying initial composition to represent different powder particles. Specifically, the grain morphology, solute distribution, competitive growth and nucleation under the two different scenarios were simulated and compared. To assist the microstructure simulations, a macro-scale finite element model was developed to simulate the heat transfer during LPBF process. The thermal history data calculated by the finite element model was provided to the phase field model in order to simulate transient dendritic growth behaviour. The results show that a set of evenly-spaced columnar dendrites form in the uniform initial composition case, whereas when the initial composition is spatially varying, non-uniform dendrites having elongated shape can develop. It is also shown that competitive growth between dendrites is influenced by nucleation. For the spatially varying initial composition case, the results indicate that full alloying is difficult to achieve during the LPBF printing process; this incomplete alloying greatly influences the dendrite morphology and solute distribution.

23

Hung, Jacky, Catherine Rathsam, Nicholas A. Jacques, and Philip M. Giffard. "Expression of a streptococcal glucosyltransferase as a fusion to a solute-binding protein inLactobacillus fermentumBR11." FEMS Microbiology Letters 211, no. 1 (May 2002): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11205.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Babu, A. P., S. K. Kairy, A. Huang, and N. Birbilis. "Laser powder bed fusion of high solute Al-Zn-Mg alloys: Processing, characterisation and properties." Materials & Design 196 (November 2020): 109183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109183.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Cysewski, Piotr, Maciej Przybyłek, Anna Kowalska, and Natalia Tymorek. "Thermodynamics and Intermolecular Interactions of Nicotinamide in Neat and Binary Solutions: Experimental Measurements and COSMO-RS Concentration Dependent Reactions Investigations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147365.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In this study, the temperature-dependent solubility of nicotinamide (niacin) was measured in six neat solvents and five aqueous-organic binary mixtures (methanol, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, DMSO and DMF). It was discovered that the selected set of organic solvents offer all sorts of solvent effects, including co-solvent, synergistic, and anti-solvent features, enabling flexible tuning of niacin solubility. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the fusion thermodynamics of nicotinamide. In particular, the heat capacity change upon melting was measured. The experimental data were interpreted by means of COSMO-RS-DARE (conductor-like screening model for realistic solvation–dimerization, aggregation, and reaction extension) for concentration dependent reactions. The solute–solute and solute–solvent intermolecular interactions were found to be significant in all of the studied systems, which was proven by the computed mutual affinity of the components at the saturated conditions. The values of the Gibbs free energies of pair formation were derived at an advanced level of theory (MP2), including corrections for electron correlation and zero point vibrational energy (ZPE). In all of the studied systems the self-association of nicotinamide was found to be a predominant intermolecular complex, irrespective of the temperature and composition of the binary system. The application of the COSMO-RS-DARE approach led to a perfect match between the computed and measured solubility data, by optimizing the parameter of intermolecular interactions.

26

Geng, Ruwei, Yanhai Cheng, Luqiang Chao, Zhengying Wei, and Ninshu Ma. "Microstructure and Solute Concentration Analysis of Epitaxial Growth during Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Alloy." Crystals 13, no. 5 (May 6, 2023): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13050776.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Microstructure and solute distribution have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) deposits. In this study, a multiscale model, consisting of a macroscopic finite element (FE) model and a microscopic phase field (PF) model, was used to predict the 2319 Al alloy microstructure evolution with epitaxial growth. Temperature fields, and the corresponding temperature gradient under the selected process parameters, were calculated by the FE model. Based on the results of macroscopic thermal simulation on the WAAM process, a PF model with a misorientation angle was employed to simulate the microstructure and competitive behaviors under the effect of epitaxial growth of grains. The dendrites with high misorientation angles experienced competitive growth and tended to be eliminated in the solidification process. The inclined dendrites are commonly hindered by other grains in front of the dendrite tip. Moreover, the solute enrichment near the solid/liquid interface reduced the driving force of solidification. The inclined angle of dendrites increased with the misorientation angle, and the solute distributions near the interface had similar patterns, but various concentrations, with different misorientation angles. Finally, metallographic experiments were conducted on the WAAM specimen to validate the morphology and size of the dendrites, and electron backscattered diffraction was used to indicate the preferred orientation of grains near the fusion line, proving the existence of epitaxial growth.

27

Illing, Cyprian, Michael Bestic, and Frank Ernst. "Additive Manufacturing: Corrosion Proofing by Infusion of Interstitial Solute—Exemplified for Alloy 22." Metals 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010127.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The corrosion resistance of Cr-containing alloy parts made by additive manufacturing can be significantly improved by a post-treatment of gas-phase-based infusion of concentrated interstitial solute (carbon and nitrogen). We demonstrate this universal approach for the example of low-temperature nitrocarburization by solid-reagent pyrolysis applied to Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) parts made by laser powderbed fusion. We show that the post-treatment improves the crevice-corrosion resistance of these parts, as well as the corrosion resistance of corresponding parts made from wrought Alloy 22 to surpass the maximum crevice corrosion test temperature specified in ASTM G48-D, whereas non-treated samples typically fail well below. Similarly, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization testing (ASTM G61-86) demonstrates that the post-treatment makes the additively manufactured alloy and the wrought alloy more corrosion-resistant than the non-treated wrought alloy.

28

Hagemann, Martin, Kathrin Ribbeck-Busch, Stephan Klähn, Dirk Hasse, Robert Steinbruch, and Gabriele Berg. "The Plant-Associated Bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Expresses a New Enzyme for the Synthesis of the Compatible Solute Glucosylglycerol." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 17 (June 27, 2008): 5898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00643-08.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The rhizobacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila accumulates the compatible solutes glucosylglycerol (GG) and trehalose under salt stress conditions. The complete gene for the GG synthesis enzyme was cloned and sequenced. This enzyme from S. rhizophila represented a novel fusion protein composed of a putative C-terminal GG-phosphate synthase domain and an N-terminal putative GG-phosphate phosphatase domain, which was named GgpPS. A similar gene was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. strain OA146. The ggpPS gene was induced after a salt shock in S. rhizophila cells. After the salt-loaded cells reached stationary phase, the ggpPS mRNA content returned to the low level characteristic of the control cells, and GG was released into the medium. The complete ggpPS gene and a truncated version devoid of the phosphatase part were obtained as recombinant proteins. Enzyme activity tests revealed the expected abilities of the full-length protein to synthesize GG and the truncated GgpPS to synthesize GG-phosphate. However, dephosphorylation of GG-phosphate was detected only with the complete GgpPS protein. These enzyme activities were confirmed by complementation experiments using defined GG-defective mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Genes coding for proteins very similar to the newly identified fusion protein GgpPS for GG synthesis in S. rhizophila were found in genome sequences of related bacteria, where these genes are often linked to a gene coding for a transporter of the Mfs superfamily.

29

Lee, Seungyeon, Kyung Tae Kim, Ji-Hun Yu, Hyoung Seop Kim, Jae Wung Bae, and Jeong Min Park. "Cryogenic Tensile Behavior of Ferrous Medium-entropy Alloy Additively Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2024.31.1.8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The emergence of ferrous-medium entropy alloys (FeMEAs) with excellent tensile properties represents a potential direction for designing alloys based on metastable engineering. In this study, an FeMEA is successfully fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), a metal additive manufacturing technology. Tensile tests are conducted on the LPBF-processed FeMEA at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures (77 K). At 77 K, the LPBF-processed FeMEA exhibits high yield strength and excellent ultimate tensile strength through active deformation-induced martensitic transformation. Furthermore, due to the low stability of the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase of the LPBF-processed FeMEA based on nano-scale solute heterogeneity, stress-induced martensitic transformation occurs, accompanied by the appearance of a yield point phenomenon during cryogenic tensile deformation. This study elucidates the origin of the yield point phenomenon and deformation behavior of the FeMEA at 77 K.

30

Bai, Yu, Yingming Wang, Shijie Zhang, Qi Wang, and Ri Li. "Numerical Model Study of Multiple Dendrite Motion Behavior in Melt Based on LBM-CA Method." Crystals 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020070.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In this paper, a new method is proposed to solve the solute field of moving grains, and a Cellular automaton (CA)-Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)-Semi rebound format(Ladd) coupling model which can accurately simulate the motion behavior of multiple dendrites is established. The growth process of microstructure in the solidification process of Al-4.7% Cu alloy ingot was calculated by Cellular automaton (CA) method, the momentum, heat, and mass transfer processes were calculated by Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and the melt-dendrite sharp interface interaction was treated by Ladd method. The reliability of the model is verified, and then the growth and movement of single dendrite and multiple dendrites under the action of gravity field are simulated. The simulation results show that the growth and movement mode of multiple dendrites are quite different from that of single dendrite, which is shown in two aspects: (1) the original motion state of dendrites is changed by the combination of flow field, which slows down the falling speed of dendrites to a certain extent; (2) the fusion of solute field between dendrites changed the original growth mode of boundary dendrites and increased their rotation speed.

31

Babu, A. P., S. Choudhary, J. C. Griffith, A. Huang, and N. Birbilis. "On the corrosion of a high solute Al-Zn-Mg alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion." Corrosion Science 189 (August 2021): 109626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109626.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Alvarez-Dominguez, C., R. Roberts, and P. D. Stahl. "Internalized Listeria monocytogenes modulates intracellular trafficking and delays maturation of the phagosome." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 6 (March 15, 1997): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.6.731.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Previous studies have shown that early phagosome-endosome fusion events following phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes are modulated by the live organism. In the present study, we have characterized more fully the intracellular pathway of dead and live Listeria phagosomes. To examine access of endosomal and lysosomal markers to phagosomes containing live and dead Listeria, quantitative electron microscopy was carried out with intact cells using internalized BSA-gold as a marker to quantify transfer of solute from endosomal and lysosomal compartments to phagosomes. To monitor the protein composition of phagosomal membranes and to quantify transfer of HRP from endosomes and lysosomes to phagosomes, highly enriched phagosomes containing live and dead Listeria were isolated. Enriched phagosomal membranes were used for western blotting experiments with endosomal and lysosomal markers. In this study, we used a listeriolysin-deficient mutant, Listeria(hly-), that is retained within the phagosome following phagocytosis. Western blotting experiments indicate that early endosomal markers (mannose receptor, transferrin receptor) and key fusion factors necessary for early events (NSF, alpha/beta-SNAP) but not late endosomal markers (cation dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor) or lysosomal proteins (cathepsin D or lamp-1) accumulate on the live-Listeria phagosomal membranes. On the contrary, phagosomes containing dead-Listeria are readily accessible by both endocytic and lysosomal markers. Studies with radiolabeled dead- and live-Listeria(hly-) indicate that, following phagocytosis, degradation of the live microorganism is substantially delayed. These findings indicate that dead-Listeria containing phagosomes rapidly mature to a phagolysosomal stage whereas live-Listeria(hly-) prevents maturation, in part, by avoiding fusion with lysosomes. The data suggest that by delaying phagosome maturation and subsequent degradation, Listeria prolongs survival inside the phagosome/endosome assuring bacterial viability as a prelude to escape into the cytoplasm.

33

Chirico, Robert D., Vladimir Diky, Joseph W. Magee, Michael Frenkel, and Kenneth N. Marsh. "Thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of the reference ionic liquid: 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide (including mixtures). Part 2. Critical evaluation and recommended property values (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 5 (March 20, 2009): 791–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-08-09-22.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This article is a product of IUPAC Project 2002-005-1-100 (Thermodynamics of ionic liquids, ionic liquid mixtures, and the development of standardized systems). Experimental results of thermodynamic, transport, and phase equilibrium studies made on a reference sample of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide are summarized, compared, and critically evaluated to provide recommended values with uncertainties for the properties measured. Properties measured included thermal properties (triple-point temperature, glass-transition temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities of condensed states), volumetric properties, speeds of sound, viscosities, electrolytic conductivities, relative permittivities, as well as properties for mixtures, such as gas solubilities (solubility pressures), solute activity coefficients at infinite dilution, and liquid-liquid equilibrium temperatures. Recommended values with uncertainties are provided for the properties studied experimentally. The effect of the presence of water on the property values is discussed.

34

Johnson, Stonewall, Christopher Hall, Sreyashi Das, and Ram Devireddy. "Freezing of Solute-Laden Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics of Crystallization and Heat- and Mass-Transfer-Limited Model." Bioengineering 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100540.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Following an earlier study, we reexamined the latent heat of fusion during freezing at 5 K/min of twelve different pre-nucleated solute-laden aqueous solutions using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and correlated it with the amount of initially dissolved solids or solutes in the solution. In general, a decrease in DSC-measured heat release (in comparison to that of pure water, 335 mJ/mg) was observed with an increasing fraction of dissolved solids or solutes, as observed in the earlier study. In addition, the kinetics of ice crystallization was also obtained in three representative biological media by performing additional experiments at 1, 5 and 20 K/min. A model of ice crystallization based on the phase diagram of a water–NaCl binary solution and a modified Avrami-like model of kinetics was then developed and fit to the experimental data. Concurrently, a heat and mass transfer model of the freezing of a salt solution in a small container is also presented to account for the effect of the cooling rate as well as the solute concentration on the measured latent of freezing. This diffusion-based model of heat and mass transfer was non-dimensionalized, solved using a numerical scheme and compared with experimental results. The simulation results show that the heat and mass transfer model can predict (± 10%) the experimental results.

35

Pade, Nadin, Justine Compaoré, Stephan Klähn, Lucas J. Stal, and Martin Hagemann. "The marine cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501 synthesizes the compatible solute trehalose by a laterally acquired OtsAB fusion protein." Environmental Microbiology 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2012): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02709.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kotsina, Z., G. Apostolopoulos, K. Mergia, S. Messoloras, A. Lagoyannis, and S. Harissopulos. "Radiation damage studies of Fe-Cr alloys for Fusion applications using ion beams." HNPS Proceedings 20 (December 1, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2487.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Ferritic-martensitic steels are considered as prime candidates for the first wall and blanket structural materials in future Fusion Power Plants. They are based on Fe-Cr alloys with Cr concentration up to 15%. Therefore, as a first step towards understanding the irradiation behaviour of these steels, the study of pure Fe-Cr alloys as a model system plays an important role. The flexibility offered by ion beams in accurately defining irradiation conditions, allows us to perform controlled experiments that will aid in the validation of recent theories of radiation damage.Radiation damage studies of Fe-Cr alloys were performed at the TANDEM accelerator of NCSR "Demokritos" by using a 5MeV proton beam directly on the sample and reaching fluences of ~1016 protons/cm2. A specialized irradiation facility has been developed at the TANDEM accelerator with good control of irradiation temperature and with the additional capability of measuring the electrical resistivity of the sample in-situ during irradiation, to directly asses the radiation damage evolution. Proton irradiations were carried out from cryogenic temperatures of 40K up to 400K. In alloys under irradiation, apart from the lattice damage created by the irradiating particles, the large amount of energy imparted locally to atomic sites may lead to a redistribution of solutes. It is expected that at cryogenic temperature solute redistribution will be greatly suppressed, since atomic movement is completely "frozen". Comparing the results of low and high temperature irradiations enables us to distinguish between the two sources of radiation induced changes to the alloy.

37

Marchese, Giulio, Margherita Beretta, Alberta Aversa, and Sara Biamino. "In Situ Alloying of a Modified Inconel 625 via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This study investigates the in situ alloying of a Ni-based superalloy processed by means of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). For this purpose, Inconel 625 powder is mixed with 1 wt.% of Ti6Al4V powder. The modified alloy is characterized by densification levels similar to the base alloy, with relative density superior to 99.8%. The material exhibits Ti-rich segregations along the melt pool contours. Moreover, Ti tends to be entrapped in the interdendritic areas during solidification in the as-built state. After heat treatments, the modified Inconel 625 version presents greater hardness and tensile strengths than the base alloy in the same heat-treated conditions. For the solution annealed state, this is mainly attributed to the elimination of the segregations into the interdendritic structures, thus triggering solute strengthening. Finally, for the aged state, the further increment of mechanical properties can be attributed to a more intense formation of phases than the base alloy, due to elevated precipitation strengthening ability under heat treatments. It is interesting to note how slight chemical composition modification can directly develop new alloys by the LPBF process.

38

Xiong, Lingda, Chunming Wang, Zhimin Wang, and Ping Jiang. "The Interaction between Grains during Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Laser Welding: A Phase-Field Study." Metals 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121647.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A phase-field model was applied to study CET (columnar-to-equiaxed transition) during laser welding of an Al-Cu model alloy. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of nucleation undercooling for the equiaxed grains, nucleation density and location of the first nucleation seed ahead of the columnar front on the microstructure of the fusion zone. The numerical results indicated that nucleation undercooling significantly influenced the occurrence and the time of CET. Nucleation density affected the occurrence of CET and the size of equiaxed grains. The dendrite growth behavior was analyzed to reveal the mechanism of the CET. The interactions between different grains were studied. Once the seeds ahead of the columnar dendrites nucleated and grew, the columnar dendrite tip velocity began to fluctuate around a value. It did not decrease until the columnar dendrite got rather close to the equiaxed grains. The undercooling and solute segregation profile evolutions of the columnar dendrite tip with the CET and without the CET had no significant difference before the CET occurred. Mechanical blocking was the major blocking mechanism for the CET. The equiaxed grains formed first were larger than the equiaxed grains formed later due to the decreasing of undercooling. The size of equiaxed grain decreased from fusion line to center line. The numerical results were basically consistent with the experimental results obtained by laser welding of a 2A12 Al-alloy.

39

Cysewski, Piotr, Maciej Przybyłek, and Tomasz Jeliński. "Intermolecular Interactions as a Measure of Dapsone Solubility in Neat Solvents and Binary Solvent Mixtures." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 6336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186336.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Dapsone is an effective antibacterial drug used to treat a variety of conditions. However, the aqueous solubility of this drug is limited, as is its permeability. This study expands the available solubility data pool for dapsone by measuring its solubility in several pure organic solvents: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS: 872-50-4), dimethyl sulfoxide (CAS: 67-68-5), 4-formylmorpholine (CAS: 4394-85-8), tetraethylene pentamine (CAS: 112-57-2), and diethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether (CAS: 4246-51-9). Furthermore, the study proposes the use of intermolecular interactions as molecular descriptors to predict the solubility of dapsone in neat solvents and binary mixtures using machine learning models. An ensemble of regressors was used, including support vector machines, random forests, gradient boosting, and neural networks. Affinities of dapsone to solvent molecules were calculated using COSMO-RS and used as input for model training. Due to the polymorphic nature of dapsone, fusion data are not available, which prohibits the direct use of COSMO-RS for solubility calculations. Therefore, a consonance solvent approach was tested, which allows an indirect estimation of the fusion properties. Unfortunately, the resulting accuracy is unsatisfactory. In contrast, the developed regressors showed high predictive potential. This work documents that intermolecular interactions characterized by solute–solvent contacts can be considered valuable molecular descriptors for solubility modeling and that the wealth of encoded information is sufficient for solubility predictions for new systems, including those for which experimental measurements of thermodynamic properties are unavailable.

40

Marsh, Kenneth N., Joan F. Brennecke, Robert D. Chirico, Michael Frenkel, Andreas Heintz, Joseph W. Magee, Cor J. Peters, Luis Paulo N. Rebelo, and Kenneth R. Seddon. "Thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of the reference ionic liquid: 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide (including mixtures). Part 1. Experimental methods and results (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 5 (March 20, 2009): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-08-09-21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This article summarizes the results of IUPAC Project 2002-005-1-100 (Thermodynamics of ionic liquids, ionic liquid mixtures, and the development of standardized systems). The methods used by the various contributors to measure the thermophysical and phase equilibrium properties of the reference sample of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide and its mixtures are summarized along with the uncertainties estimated by the contributors. Some results not previously published are presented. Properties of the pure ionic liquid included thermal properties (triple-point temperature, glass-transition temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities of condensed states), volumetric properties, speeds of sound, viscosities, electrolytic conductivities, and relative permittivities. Properties for mixtures included gas solubilities, solute activity coefficients at infinite dilution, liquid-liquid equilibrium temperatures, and excess volumes. The companion article (Part 2) provides a critical evaluation of the data and recommended values with estimated combined expanded uncertainties.

41

Wang, Nan, Gabriel Kocher, and Nikolas Provatas. "A phase-field-crystal alloy model for late-stage solidification studies involving the interaction of solid, liquid and gas phases." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2113 (January 8, 2018): 20170212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0212.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We present a multiphase binary alloy phase-field-crystal model. By introducing density difference between solid and liquid into a previous alloy model, this new fusion leads to a practical tool that can be used to investigate formation of defects in late-stage alloy solidification. It is shown that this model can qualitatively capture the liquid pressure drop due to solidification shrinkage in confined geometry. With an inherited gas phase from a previous multiphase model, cavitation of liquid from shrinkage-induced pressure is also included in this framework. As a unique model that has both solute concentration and pressure-induced liquid cavitation, it also captures a modified Scheil–Gulliver-type segregation behaviour due to cavitation. Simulation of inter-dendritic channel solidification using this model demonstrates a strong cooling rate dependence of the resulting microstructure. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From atomistic interfaces to dendritic patterns’.

42

Liu, Xiaogang, Haiding Guo, and M. M. Yu. "Numerical Simulation of the Grains Growth on Titanium Alloy Electron Beam Welding Process." International Journal of Computational Methods 16, no. 06 (May 27, 2019): 1840023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218400236.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In the paper, the grain growth of TC4-DT (Damage Tolerance) alloy joint during electron beam welding (EBW) process was simulated by using Cellular Automaton method. In order to consider the effects of the growth of neighborhood cellular on the center cells in the model, the solid fraction and solute distribution algorithms of classical CA model were improved. The growth of equiaxed grains and columnar crystals under uniform and nonuniform temperature fields was simulated successfully by applying the modified model, respectively. The temperature distribution near the fusion line of TC4-DT EBW joint was also calculated by using double ellipsoid heat source model. Then, coupling the CA model with the temperature field, the grain growth process of the cross-section of the welded zone was simulated. The simulation result fits well with experimental ones on the morphology and the size of the columnar crystals.

43

Puga, Beatriz, Fernando Lomello, Emeline Boussac, Aziz Chniouel, Alexis Fouchereau, Pierre Laghoutaris, and Hicham Maskrot. "Influence of laser powder bed fusion processing parameters on corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in nitric acid." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 5 (2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022079.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The effect of process parameters on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel was reported. Immersion tests were performed in nitric acid solution at boiling temperature and the corrosion behaviour was correlated to microstructure of 316L stainless steel specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) as a function of the process parameters such as scanning strategy, laser power and hatching distance. These parameters were found to influence the porosity, the grain size and the cellular microstructure. The corrosion tests revealed a higher impact of hatching distance on corrosion behaviour. Post-mortem microstructural examination revealed that the corrosion preferentially occurred at cellular structures and at grain boundaries and melt pools when the scanning strategy and hatching distance were respectively modified. The solute segregation at boundaries cells, the grain size distribution and the porosity could explain this corrosion behaviour. The results were compared with those of solution annealed counterpart, which would provide a factual basis for future applications of L-PBF 316L stainless steel.

44

Guy, Richard H., and Francis C. Szoka Jr. "Perturbation of solute transport at a liquid–liquid interface by polyethylene glycol (PEG): implications for PEG-induced biomembrane fusion." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13, no. 12 (2011): 5346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02305a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Shimomura, Shinya, Taiki Minomo, Yorinobu Takigawa, Tokuteru Uesugi, Mitsuji Ueda, Yutaka Kinomoto, and Kenji Higashi. "Influence of Filler Rod Composition on the Strength of Tungsten Inert Gas Welded Magnesium Alloy Joint." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.663.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The influence of filler rod composition on the strength of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded magnesium alloy joint was investigated. Samples were rolled AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn) magnesium alloy as base metal and drawn AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91 magnesium alloys as filler rod. The results show that all fracture points were fusion zone (FZ), and each joint efficiency (=joint strength/ base metal strength) was 70.7%, 80.0% and 73.1% when using AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91 filler rod. When using AZ91 filler rod, 0.2% proof stress was the highest but the elongation was the lowest among the three conditions, and joint efficiency was lower than that when using AZ61 filler rod. It is thought that welded joint was strengthened by solute strengthening, but excess addition of aluminum facilitated crystallization of Mg17Al12 phase. This is the reason why elongation and joint efficiency when using AZ91 filler rod decreased. In conclusion, it is effective to use filler rod which does not excess solid solubility limit.

46

Ansari Dezfoli, Amir Reza, Yu-Lung Lo, and M. Mohsin Raza. "Microstructure and Elements Concentration of Inconel 713LC during Laser Powder Bed Fusion through a Modified Cellular Automaton Model." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091065.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In this study, a hybrid finite element (FE) and cellular automaton (CA) model is developed to explore crystallization behavior and alloying of Inconel713LC during Laser powder bed fusion. A cellular automaton model is considering the surface nucleation, equiaxed bulk nucleation, and grain growth kinetics. In addition, the equation for solute diffusion is coupled with a cellular automaton model to simulate the IN713LC elements segregation. During the phase change, the non-equilibrium segregation model is applied to insert the effect of ultra-fast solidification happening during LPBF. It is found that, during LPBF processing of IN713LC, the micro segregation of Nb, Ti, and C is accrued at the grain boundaries. It is further shown that the micro segregation intensity depends on the solidification speed, which is determined in turn by the laser heat input. In particular, a lower laser heat input increases the solidification speed and results in a more uniform solid phase, thereby reducing the risk of crack formation. Finally, using a comparison between simulation results and experimental observation, it was shown that the proposed model successfully predicts the bulk element concentration of IN713LC after laser melting.

47

Fraser, Katy R., David Sue, Martin Wiedmann, Kathryn Boor, and Conor P. O'Byrne. "Role of σB in Regulating the Compatible Solute Uptake Systems of Listeria monocytogenes: Osmotic Induction of opuC Is σB Dependent." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 4 (April 2003): 2015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.4.2015-2022.2003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The regulation of the compatible solute transport systems in Listeria monocytogenes by the stress-inducible sigma factor σB was investigated. Using wild-type strain 10403S and an otherwise isogenic strain carrying an in-frame deletion in sigB, we have examined the role of σB in regulating the ability of cells to utilize betaine and carnitine during growth under conditions of hyperosmotic stress. Cells lacking σB were defective for the utilization of carnitine but retained the ability to utilize betaine as an osmoprotectant. When compatible solute transport studies were performed, the initial rates of uptake of both betaine and carnitine were found to be reduced in the sigB mutant; carnitine transport was almost abolished, whereas betaine transport was reduced to approximately 50% of that of the parent strain. Analysis of the cytoplasmic pools of compatible solutes during balanced growth revealed that both carnitine and betaine steady-state pools were reduced in the sigB mutant. Transcriptional reporter fusions to the opuC (which encodes an ABC carnitine transporter) and betL (which encodes an a secondary betaine transporter) operons were generated by using a promoterless copy of the gus gene from Escherichia coli. Measurement of β-glucuronidase activities directed by opuC-gus and betL-gus revealed that transcription of opuC is largely σB dependent, consistent with the existence of a potential σB consensus promoter motif upstream from opuCA. The transcription of betL was found to be sigB independent. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments confirmed these data and indicated that the transcription of all three known compatible solute uptake systems (opuC, betL, and gbu), as well as a gene that is predicted to encode a compatible solute transporter subunit (lmo1421) is induced in response to elevated osmolarity. The osmotic induction of opuCA and lmo1421 was found to be strongly σB dependent. Together these observations suggest that σB plays a major role in the regulation of carnitine utilization by L. monocytogenes but is not essential for betaine utilization by this pathogen.

48

Heard, David W., Julien Boselli, Raynald Gauvin, and Mathieu Brochu. "Solid Freeform Fabrication of Al-Li 2199 via Controlled-Short-Circuit-MIG Welding." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.843.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys are of interest to the aerospace and aeronautical industries as rising fuel costs and increasing environmental restrictions are promoting reductions in vehicle weight. However, Al-Li alloys suffer from several issues during fusion welding processes including solute segregation and depletion. Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) of materials is a repair or rapid prototyping process, in which the deposited feedstock is built-up via a layering process to the required geometry. Recent developments have led to the investigation of SFF processes via Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) capable of producing functional metallic components. A SFF process via GMAW would be instrumental in reducing costs associated with the production and repair of Al-Li components. Furthermore the newly developed Controlled-Short-Circuit-MIG (CSC-MIG) process provides the ability to control the weld parameters with a high degree of accuracy, thus enabling the optimization of the solidification parameters required to avoid solute depletion and segregation within an Al-Li alloy. The objective of this study is to develop the welding parameters required to avoid lithium depletion and segregation. In the present study weldments were produced via CSC-MIG process, using Al-Li 2199 sheet samples as the filler material. The residual lithium concentration within the weldments was then determined via Atomic Absorption (AA) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The microstructure was analyzed using High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM). Finally the mechanical properties of welded samples were determined through the application of hardness and tensile testing.

49

HINCHA, Dirk K., and Martin HAGEMANN. "Stabilization of model membranes during drying by compatible solutes involved in the stress tolerance of plants and microorganisms." Biochemical Journal 383, no. 2 (October 8, 2004): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040746.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Many organisms accumulate compatible solutes under environmental stress conditions. Cyanobacteria accumulate compatible solutes in response to increased external salinity, with tolerance increasing from Suc (sucrose) or trehalose to 2-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-glycerol and glycinebetaine accumulating species. It is not clear how these different solutes influence salt tolerance. One possible explanation may be a differential ability of these solutes to stabilize membranes under stress conditions. We therefore performed drying experiments with liposomes in the presence of compatible solutes. Suc, trehalose and sorbitol protected liposomes from leakage of a soluble marker and from membrane fusion during drying and rehydration. 2-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-glycerol was less effective and glycinebetaine showed hardly any effect. In combination with Suc, the latter two solutes showed improved protection. Lipid-phase transitions are known to contribute to solute leakage from liposomes. We determined phase transitions in dry membranes in the absence or presence of the solutes, using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The ability of the solutes to decrease the phase transition temperature corresponded closely to their ability to protect the liposomes against solute leakage. All solutes interacted with the phosphate in the lipid headgroups. The magnitude of the shift in the asymmetric P=O stretching vibration correlated closely with the lipid-phase transition temperature. This indicates that the degree of membrane protection afforded by the solutes is mainly determined by their ability to interact with the membrane lipids. However, this is not a determinant of cellular protection against salt stress, as the solutes show a reverse order when ranked with regard to protection against these stresses.

50

Takata, Naoki, Mulin Liu, Asuka Suzuki, Makoto Kobashi, Masaki Kato, Shumpei Iwai, and Hiroki Adachi. "Effect of heat treatment on solute Si content in Al-12%Si alloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 72, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.72.178.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Fusion solutale'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles