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Academic literature on the topic 'Fusion sélective de lits de poudre par laser'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fusion sélective de lits de poudre par laser"
Vinson, Pierre. "Fusion sélective par laser de lits de poudre : Étude sur le recyclage de la poudre et détection de défauts au cours de la fabrication par imagerie thermique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0068.
Full textDirect and additive manufacturing regroups several new technologies that are very different from conventional manufacturing processes such as casting. Aeronautic and space industries are really interested in those new processes such as the selective laser melting of metallic powder beds know as the SLM process. This PhD thesis report will show the issues of additive manufacturing and will describe some processes. A bibliography study has been done on two aeronautical alloys used in this work: titanium alloy TA6V and nickel-based superalloy Nimonic 263. This work also presents powder characterization (granulometry, morphology chemical composition) for the gas atomized powder. Besides, study has been done on the recyclability of the TA6V powder for the SLM process, for the powder itself and the mechanical properties of parts built from recycled powder. Moreover, this works deals with a powder bed consolidation model to estimate the productivity of the process. Then, a parametric and thermal study has been done on the Nimonic 263. The coaxial system for thermal visualization is described such as the image processing algorithm used. Finally, this reports deals with the study of thermal signature of typical SLM defects
Vilaro, Thomas. "Fabrication directe de pièces aéronautiques et spatiales en Nimonic 263 et A360 par le procédé de fusion sélective par laser : approche thermique, microstructurale et mécanique." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0116.
Full textSelective laser melting process has attracted a lot of attention from the aeronautical and spatial industry because it is possible to build up complex shaped parts directly out of powder beds. Thanks to its automation, the only requirement is a CAD file. Due to its lack of maturity, the parts elaborated by selective laser melting still present some defects such as lack of melting, needing postfabrication stages. This study is aimed at understanding the thermal, microstructural and mechanical phenomenon arising during additive manufacturing. The alloys of the study are a nickel base superalloy Nimonic 263 and an aluminium alloy A360. An industrial laser melting machine has been equipped with infrared thermal measurement devices in order to follow the evolution of the heating and the cooling rates, and the thermal gradients ahead and at the back of the melting pool. It is shown that the thermal behaviour of the process is strongly influenced by the major process parameters and especially the scanning speed of the laser beam. Due to the particular thermal regime of the process, the resulting microstructures of the Nimonic 263 and A360 are out-of-equilibrium. This workenables to follow the solidification path from the liquid to the solid for both alloys. Heat treatments based upon the as-fabricated microstructures are developped following two strategies. The high temperature strategy involves a solution treatment and a precipitation treatment in order to strengthen the alloys. The low temperature strategy comprises a medium temperature range treatment to relieve the residual stresses while maintaining the fine as-fabricated microstructrure. These various microstructures are tested in tension at room temperature. The Nimonic 263 exhibits high mechanical properties even though some manufacturing defects are observed on the fracture surfaces. It is noted a strong anisotropy between the longitudinal and the transverse direction because of the epitaxial grain growth. The mechanical properties of the A360 are close to the conventional cast properties and so whatever the heat treatment carried out
Defauchy, Denis. "Simulation du procédé de fabrication directe de pièces thermoplastiques par fusion laser de poudre." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871731.
Full textChen, Qiang. "Modélisation numérique thermomécanique de fabrication additive par fusion sélective de lit de poudre par laser : Application aux matériaux céramiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM004/document.
Full textThe application of SLM process is limited by the difficulty of process control. Its application to ceramics is especially challengeable due to their weak absorption to laser and weak resistance to thermal shock. The mastery of this process requires a full understanding of heat transfer, fluid dynamics in melt pool and solid mechanics. In this work, we propose a numerical model for the simulation of SLM process applied to ceramics. The model is developed at the track scale and with the assumption of continuous powder bed. It is based on level set method and multiphase homogenization, with which we are able to follow the evolution of gas/material interface and phase transformation. Simulations are performed to study the influence of material properties and process parameters on temperature, melt pool shape, fluid dynamics and solid mechanics. Apart from the laser power and scanning speed, material absorption is also found to be important to the thermal behavior and the melt pool shape. With the fluid dynamics, convex shape of track cross section is achieved under surface tension. Besides that, liquid droplets collapsing formed by the melting of powder create melt pool instability when falling, thus leading to track irregularity after solidification. The Marangoni effect, caused by surface tension gradient at gas/material interface, is investigated. Its influence on temperature distribution, melt pool shape and track regularity is recognized. One interesting finding is the smoothing effect of track surface with negative ∂γ/∂T. When combine surface tension with scanning speed, track surface becomes more irregular with the increase of scanning speed. The well-known balling effect is reproduced with high scanning speed. This can be helpful to find the regime for regular track shape with given laser power and scanning speed. Cracking defect is deleterious in additive manufacturing. The use of an auxiliary laser can help to avoid this defect by decreasing the maximum tensile stress. The process mode of this auxiliary laser remains an interesting subject to be studied and some guidelines have been given by the presented simulations. The model is validated by the comparison of melt pool shape with experiments under different process conditions. Simulations can also reveal the tendency of track surface variation for certain cases. By the application to multi-track deposition, the influence of hatch distance on layer surface, temperature and stress evolution is emphasized
Moniz, da Silva Sancho Liliana. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière pour la fabrication de pièces à haute valeur ajoutée en céramiques oxydes semi-transparentes par fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM060.
Full textSelective laser melting of oxide ceramics (Al2O3-ZrO2and Al2O3) is identified as a promising way to produce complex shaped parts with oriented fine microstructures, which would not be achievable by conventional sintering. These lightweight parts, presenting excellent resistance to creep at high temperature and oxidation, would appear as the answer to weight reduction and temperature increasing of turbojet engines, as compared to the usual metal parts coated with porous ceramics. The material/process coupling relies on the controlled addition of an absorber to pure ceramic powders, that compensate the quasi-transparency of these materials to Yb:YAG laser radiation. The effect on optical properties of process parameters, absorbent nature and content, compactness of the powder bed and their influence on manufacturing stability are identified. For this purpose, innovative radiative measurements in reflection and in transmission were carried out during manufacturing and for different operating conditions. These dynamic measurements through an integrating sphere provide information on the laser-material interaction mechanisms taking place in each media and they give access to optical material properties. These measurements enrich an analytical laser-matter interaction model based on the radiation attenuation by the Beer-Lambert law. This model gives a relation between melt pool dimensions, radiative propertiesof the different media (powder bed, substrate and liquid) along with the associated absorption coefficients, the process parameters and powder bed porosity. This model expresses also the apparent melted section within the powder bed, the section of the melted zone within the substrate and the consolidation section within the powder bed. Some of these calculated data are not measurable and usefully contribute to a consolidation model of the powder bed. This model takes into account the material exchanges observed between so-called bare zones (linked to the ejection of powder particles) and consolidation zones. Quantification of these particles exchanges, which have a strong impact on the LBM of these oxide ceramics, allows the definition of a specific manufacturing strategy that compensates for the bare zone formation while avoiding the formation of hot spots. These data collection enables the manufacturing of LBM ceramic oxide parts with reduced porosity and controlled micro-cracking
Masmoudi, Amal. "Modélisation et développement expérimental du procédé de fabrication additive par fusion laser sélective d'un lit de poudre métallique : influence de la pression de l'atmosphère." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0287/document.
Full textThe selective laser melting process (SLM) of a metallic powder bed is an innovative process that allows the manufacturing of complex shape parts directly from a CAD file via a complete melting of powder layers deposited successively. During the SLM process, the high laser energy density creates many thermal cycles: melting - vaporization - solidification.The purpose of this work was: 1) to better characterize and understand experimentally the phenomena that occur during the laser beam - powder / molten metal pool interaction and 2) to develop a numerical model taking into account the phenomena of melting and vaporizing of the material and the presence of the surrounding gas in the build chamber.In a first time, considering simple geometries (tracks and surfaces) and 316L stainless steel as material, we studied the interaction between the laser beam, the powder bed and the liquid metal pool using several experimental techniques (spectrometry, calorimetry, ...) in order to understand the nature and the role of the metal vapor generated during the process. The results showed that the vapor has no effect on the transmission of the laser beam energy to the material during the SLM process. Meanwhile it leads to the deposition of condensed vapor and also drag some molten metal droplets.In a second time a numerical model was developed to determine the influence of the pressure of the surrounding environment on the melting process of a powder bed by a laser beam. Parameters characterizing the evolution of the physical properties of the material and of the gaseous medium according to the temperature and pressure were incorporated into the model database. Some material parameters were determined from the literature and others were obtained empirically using specific experimental measurements.Finally, this numerical model, complementing experimental results, was used to treat the main subject of the thesis which is the effect of the surrounding pressure on the SLM process. The model helped to clarify the physical phenomena provided by the change in the pressure level and its validity was checked through experimental measurements
Marion, Guillaume. "Modélisation de procédés de fabrication additive de pièces aéronautiques et spatiales en Ti-6AI-4V par dépôt et fusion sélective d'un lit de poudre par laser : Approche thermique, métallurgique et mécanique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM055.
Full textAdditive manufacturing processes allow to build finished industrial parts with very complex geometry, while reducing development time and costs compared to conventional manufacturing processes. The main principle of all these processes is to build components directly from a CAD file defining its geometry without requiring any mold nor specific tools.This study is part of the FALAFEL research project focused on additive manufacturing processes by laser and electron beams. It is composed of academic research laboratories and industrial partners from Aeronautics and Laser Processes industries. The main goal of this project is to implement, improve and validate additive manufacturing processes regarding the production of metallic components for Aeronautics. Studies are conducted under industrial conditions.The aim of our thesis is to provide a numerical model to obtain, within a reasonable time, information about the mechanical and metallurgical properties of industrial components made out of titanium Ti-6Al-4V. It is aimed at two additive manufacturing processes: the Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) and the Selective laser melting (SLM)
Chniouel, Aziz. "Etude de l’élaboration de l’acier inoxydable 316L par fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre : influence des paramètres du procédé, des caractéristiques de la poudre, et des traitements thermiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS379/document.
Full textAdditive Manufacturing (AM) recently became an attractive manufacturing process in several industrial fields such as aeronautics, aerospace and automotive. The exploitation of AM processes for the nuclear industry is currently being studied in different countries. The AM enables the creation of optimized parts with complex geometries impossible to manufacture with conventional processes. This thesis aims to determine the potential contribution of AM processes for the production of metal components for various nuclear applications including future Generation IV reactors. First, the microstructural and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts built by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process are presented. Three thematics were assessed in this study: the SLM process parameters, the powder characteristics and two post heat treatments (700 ° C-1h and hot isostatic pressing: 1100 ° C-3h under 1800 Bar). Their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. Tensile properties of 316L steel specimens were measured and compared to those of forged 316L steel described in the nuclear field by RCC-MRX standards. The results obtained are superior to those of the standard and comparable to those of a forged steel. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of interactions between the process parameters, the microstructure and the mechanical properties