Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fusion coopérative'
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Valet, Lionel. "Un système flou de fusion coopérative : application au traitement d’images naturelles." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS022.
Full textAutrel, Fabien. "Fusion, corrélation pondérée et réaction dans un environnement de détection d'intrusions coopérative." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0002.
Full textHéry, Elwan. "Localisation coopérative de véhicules autonomes communicants." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2516.
Full textTo be able to navigate autonomously, a vehicle must be accurately localized relatively to all obstacles, such as roadside for lane keeping and vehicles and pedestrians to avoid causing accidents. This PhD thesis deals with the interest of cooperation to improve the localization of cooperative vehicles that exchange information. Autonomous navigation on the road is often based on coordinates provided in a Cartesian frame. In order to better represent the pose of a vehicle with respect to the lane in which it travels, we study curvilinear coordinates with respect to a path stored in a map. These coordinates generalize the curvilinear abscissa by adding a signed lateral deviation from the center of the lane and an orientation relative to the center of the lane taking into account the direction of travel. These coordinates are studied with different track models and using different projections to make the map-matching. A first cooperative localization approach is based on these coordinates. The lateral deviation and the orientation relative to the lane can be known precisely from a perception of the lane borders, but for autonomous driving with other vehicles, it is important to maintain a good longitudinal accuracy. A one-dimensional data fusion method makes it possible to show the interest of the cooperative localization in this simplified case where the lateral deviation, the curvilinear orientation and the relative positioning between two vehicles are accurately known. This case study shows that, in some cases, lateral accuracy can be propagated to other vehicles to improve their longitudinal accuracy. The correlation issues of the errors are taken into account with a covariance intersection filter. An ICP (Iterative Closest Point) minimization algorithm is then used to determine the relative pose between the vehicles from LiDAR points and a 2D polygonal model representing the shape of the vehicle. Several correspondences of the LiDAR points with the model and different minimization approaches are compared. The propagation of absolute vehicle pose using relative poses with their uncertainties is done through non-linear equations that can have a strong impact on consistency. The different dynamic elements surrounding the ego-vehicle are estimated in a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) to enhance the static high definition map describing the center of the lane and its border. In our case, the agents are only communicating vehicles. The LDM is composed of the state of each vehicle. The states are merged using an asynchronous algorithm, fusing available data at variable times. The algorithm is decentralized, each vehicle computing its own LDM and sharing it. As the position errors of the GNSS receivers are biased, a marking detection is introduced to obtain the lateral deviation from the center of the lane in order to estimate these biases. LiDAR observations with the ICP method allow to enrich the fusion with the constraints between the vehicles. Experimental results of this fusion show that the vehicles are more accurately localized with respect to each other while maintaining consistent poses
Tchoupé, Tchendji Maurice. "Une approche grammaticale pour la fusion des réplicats partiels d'un document structuré : application à l'édition coopérative asynchrone." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01086564.
Full textA complex structured document is intentionnally represented as a tree decorated with attributes. If we focus our attention to purely structural aspects, the set of legal documents can be fully caracterized by an abstract context-free grammar. In this thesis we address the problem of the collaborative edition of structured documents in a distributed workflow system. We present and give a solution to the problem of how to merge a set of partial views of a document (edited asynchronously) into one global coherent document. For that purpose, we represent the potentially-infinite set of documents compatible with a given partial view as a coinductive data structure. This set is a regular set of trees that can be obtained as the image of the partial view of the document by the canonical morphism (anamorphism) associated with a coalgebra (some kind of tree automaton). Merging partial views then amounts to computing the intersection of the corresponding regular sets of trees which can be obtained using a synchronization operation on tree automata. We present a tool for demonstrating the various algorithms resulting from our study
Huet, Thierry. "Généralisation de cartes vectorielles d'occupation des sols : une approche par triangulation coopérative pour la fusion des polygones." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10065.
Full textMap generalization consists in transforming representations of geographic space in such a way as to enable spatial data to be mapped at various levels of abstraction. The work presented in this thesis is specifically concerned with the generalization of land use vector maps. The investigations into the state of-the-art performed in chapter one show that while generalization tools and methods exist, they are only applicable to raster data or topographic maps. The specificity of our investigation resides in the fact that information on a land use map is present throughout the map while a topographic map has blank areas. Existing generalization tools are therefore not applicable to land use vector maps. After presenting various models required for generalization, the author analyzes existing methods and tools from the standpoint of land use. In chapter two, a methodology is proposed implementing several generalization operators adapted to the task. Our method is based on the use of a land use-specific database, Corine Land Cover, and is put to a practical test at the end of the chapter using a model built with arc/info software. While the results obtained are satisfactory, our method - like all existing methods - do not provide a sufficient management power for the changeable nature of geographical data: it uses sequential processes and remains difficult to implement since generalized data must be re-computed whenever the initial data is upgraded. In response to this problem, chapter three presents a new merging method based on triangulation whose main feature is to provide a consistent way of processing polygons. This method allows us to propose a model based on spatio-temporal objects as polygon activity is described by an extension of the Pétri net formalism. Complete models of these active spatio-temporal polygons are presented at the end of the chapter and are implemented in the looping environment
Taher, Akar. "Approche coopérative et non supervisée de partitionnement d’images hyperspectrales pour l’aide à la décision." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S094/document.
Full textHyperspectral and more generally multi-component images are complex images which cannot be successfully partitioned using a single classification method. The existing non-cooperative classification methods, parametric or nonparametric can be categorized into three types: supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised. Supervised parametric methods require a priori information and also require making hypothesis on the data distribution model. Semi-supervised methods require some a priori knowledge (e.g. number of classes and/or iterations), while unsupervised nonparametric methods do not require any a priori knowledge. In this thesis an unsupervised cooperative and adaptive partitioning system for hyperspectral images is developed, where its originality relies i) on the adaptive nature of the feature extraction ii) on the two-level evaluation and validation process to fuse the results, iii) on not requiring neither training samples nor the number of classes. This system is composed of four modules: The first module, classifies automatically the image pixels into textured and non-textured regions, and then different features of pixels are extracted according to the region types. Texture features are extracted for the pixels belonging to textured regions, and the local mean feature for pixels of non-textured regions. The second module consists of an unsupervised cooperative partitioning of each component, in which pixels of the different region types are classified in parallel via the features extracted previously using optimized versions of Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Adaptive Incremental Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm (AILBG). For each algorithm the number of classes is estimated according to the weighted average dispersion of classes. The third module is the evaluation and conflict management of the intermediate classification results for the same component obtained by the two classifiers. To obtain a final reliable result, a two-level evaluation is used, the first one identifies the pixels classified into the same class by both classifiers and report them directly to the final classification result of one component. In the second level, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to remove the conflicts between the invalidated remaining pixels. The fourth module is the evaluation and conflict management in the case of a multi-component image. The system handles all the components in parallel; where the above modules are applied on each component independently. The results of the different components are compared, and the adjacent components with highly similar results are grouped within a subset and fused using a GA also. To get the final partitioning result of the multi-component image, the intermediate results of the subsets are evaluated and fused by GA. The system is successfully tested on a large database of synthetic images (mono and multi-component) and also tested on two real applications: classification of invasive plants and pine trees detection
Lassoued, Khaoula. "Localisation de robots mobiles en coopération mutuelle par observation d'état distribuée." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2289/document.
Full textIn this work, we study some cooperative localization issues for mobile robotic systems that interact with each other without using relative measurements (e.g. bearing and relative distances). The considered localization technologies are based on beacons or satellites that provide radio-navigation measurements. Such systems often lead to offsets between real and observed positions. These systematic offsets (i.e, biases) are often due to inaccurate beacon positions, or differences between the real electromagnetic waves propagation and the observation models. The impact of these biases on robots localization should not be neglected. Cooperation and data exchange (estimates of biases, estimates of positions and proprioceptive measurements) reduce significantly systematic errors. However, cooperative localization based on sharing estimates is subject to data incest problems (i.e, reuse of identical information in the fusion process) that often lead to over-convergence problems. When position information is used in a safety-critical context (e.g. close navigation of autonomous robots), one should check the consistency of the localization estimates. In this context, we aim at characterizing reliable confidence domains that contain robots positions with high reliability. Hence, set-membership methods are considered as efficient solutions. This kind of approach enables merging adequately the information even when it is reused several time. It also provides reliable domains. Moreover, the use of non-linear models does not require any linearization. The modeling of a cooperative system of nr robots with biased beacons measurements is firstly presented. Then, we perform an observability study. Two cases regarding the localization technology are considered. Observability conditions are identified and demonstrated. We then propose a set-membership method for cooperativelocalization. Cooperation is performed by sharing estimated positions, estimated biases and proprioceptive measurements. Sharing biases estimates allows to reduce the estimation error and the uncertainty of the robots positions. The algorithm feasibility is validated through simulation when the observations are beacons distance measurements with several robots. The cooperation provides better performance compared to a non-cooperative method. Afterwards, the cooperative algorithm based on set-membership method is tested using real data with two experimental vehicles. Finally, we compare the interval method performance with a sequential Bayesian approach based on covariance intersection. Experimental results indicate that the interval approach provides more accurate positions of the vehicles with smaller confidence domains that remain reliable. Indeed, the comparison is performed in terms of accuracy and uncertainty
Li, Hao. "Cooperative perception : Application in the context of outdoor intelligent vehicle systems." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00766986.
Full textLiu, Zhenjiao. "Incomplete multi-view data clustering with hidden data mining and fusion techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAS011.
Full textIncomplete multi-view data clustering is a research direction that attracts attention in the fields of data mining and machine learning. In practical applications, we often face situations where only part of the modal data can be obtained or there are missing values. Data fusion is an important method for incomplete multi-view information mining. Solving incomplete multi-view information mining in a targeted manner, achieving flexible collaboration between visible views and shared hidden views, and improving the robustness have become quite challenging. This thesis focuses on three aspects: hidden data mining, collaborative fusion, and enhancing the robustness of clustering. The main contributions are as follows:1. Hidden data mining for incomplete multi-view data: existing algorithms cannot make full use of the observation of information within and between views, resulting in the loss of a large amount of valuable information, and so we propose a new incomplete multi-view clustering model IMC-NLT (Incomplete Multi-view Clustering Based on NMF and Low-Rank Tensor Fusion) based on non-negative matrix factorization and low-rank tensor fusion. IMC-NLT first uses a low-rank tensor to retain view features with a unified dimension. Using a consistency measure, IMC-NLT captures a consistent representation across multiple views. Finally, IMC-NLT incorporates multiple learning into a unified model such that hidden information can be extracted effectively from incomplete views. We conducted comprehensive experiments on five real-world datasets to validate the performance of IMC-NLT. The overall experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IMC-NLT performs better than several baseline methods, yielding stable and promising results.2. Collaborative fusion for incomplete multi-view data: our approach to address this issue is Incomplete Multi-view Co-Clustering by Sparse Low-Rank Representation (CCIM-SLR). The algorithm is based on sparse low-rank representation and subspace representation, in which jointly missing data is filled using data within a modality and related data from other modalities. To improve the stability of clustering results for multi-view data with different missing degrees, CCIM-SLR uses the Γ-norm model, which is an adjustable low-rank representation method. CCIM-SLR can alternate between learning the shared hidden view, visible view, and cluster partitions within a co-learning framework. An iterative algorithm with guaranteed convergence is used to optimize the proposed objective function. Compared with other baseline models, CCIM-SLR achieved the best performance in the comprehensive experiments on the five benchmark datasets, particularly on those with varying degrees of incompleteness.3. Enhancing the clustering robustness for incomplete multi-view data: we offer a fusion of graph convolution and information bottlenecks (Incomplete Multi-view Representation Learning Through Anchor Graph-based GCN and Information Bottleneck - IMRL-AGI). First, we introduce the information bottleneck theory to filter out the noise data with irrelevant details and retain only the most relevant feature items. Next, we integrate the graph structure information based on anchor points into the local graph information of the state fused into the shared information representation and the information representation learning process of the local specific view, a process that can balance the robustness of the learned features and improve the robustness. Finally, the model integrates multiple representations with the help of information bottlenecks, reducing the impact of redundant information in the data. Extensive experiments are conducted on several real-world datasets, and the results demonstrate the superiority of IMRL-AGI. Specifically, IMRL-AGI shows significant improvements in clustering and classification accuracy, even in the presence of high view missing rates (e.g. 10.23% and 24.1% respectively on the ORL dataset)
Kara-Falah, Riad. "Segmentation d'images : coopération, fusion, évaluation." Chambéry, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CHAMS010.
Full textMekonnen, Alhayat Ali. "Coopération de réseaux de caméras ambiantes et de vision embarquée sur robot mobile pour la surveillance de lieux publics." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2799/.
Full textThis thesis deals with detection and tracking of people in a surveilled public place. It proposes to include a mobile robot in classical surveillance systems that are based on environment fixed sensors. The mobile robot brings about two important benefits: (1) it acts as a mobile sensor with perception capabilities, and (2) it can be used as means of action for service provision. In this context, as a first contribution, it presents an optimized visual people detector based on Binary Integer Programming that explicitly takes the computational demand stipulated into consideration. A set of homogeneous and heterogeneous pool of features are investigated under this framework, thoroughly tested and compared with the state-of-the-art detectors. The experimental results clearly highlight the improvements the different detectors learned with this framework bring to the table including its effect on the robot's reactivity during on-line missions. As a second contribution, the thesis proposes and validates a cooperative framework to fuse information from wall mounted cameras and sensors on the mobile robot to better track people in the vicinity. Finally, we demonstrate the improvements brought by the developed perceptual modalities by deploying them on our robotic platform and illustrating the robot's ability to perceive people in supposed public areas and respect their personal space during navigation
Genchev, Svetoslav. "Localisation de robots mobiles dans des environnements inconnus a priori." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1961.
Full textThis work emphasizes on three utterly related subjects – resolving robot position by distance measurements to other robots, estimating the uncertainty of the computed position and planning the robot’s movement in order to minimize that uncertainty. The planning algorithm uses some of the robots as stationary beacons guiding the robots in motion, thus enabling long-term working in unstructured environments. The main purpose of the planning is not building collision-free paths, but maintaining the positioning accuracy during the motion. Two important optimality criteria are considered, related to specific aspects of the common motion – how to plan trajectories with good movement precision, how to choose which robots to use as beacons and how to position them, in order to form appropriate geometrical arrangements and thus maximize localization precision. To resolve the position, given the distance measurements, we introduce several novel methodologies – one real-time, low-computation technique and another two optimal, computation costly model. The methods and theirs statistical characteristics have been presented analytically, and compared numerically by graphical simulations. The uncertainty estimation is based on the Delta method for uncertainty propagation, which in our case produce very satisfying results, compared to numeric estimators. Good knowledge of the position’s uncertainty is important when combining it with information of other sources, when performing hybrid navigation. Furthermore, a fast and differentiable uncertainty estimator has been found, not depending on the number of beacons used. Maintaining minimal values for the position uncertainty is the first criterion for the optimal motion planning. As a second criterion, we developed a differentiable beacon configuration quality estimator that does not depend on the localized robot but only on the positions of the beacons used. The proposed solutions for the three tasks have been validated experimentally by computer simulation. A simulation platform has been implemented for this purpose. It has been programmed on C++, using the OpenGL graphic library
Stéphane, Aurélien. "Croissance des coopératives : inflexions capitalistes ?" Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20020.
Full textCooperatives are an original shape of company, resulting from the social economy, with specific methods of functioning (one man, one vote principle, non-distributable reserves, the partner dual role, both member and cooperator, variability of the capital etc.). They often introduce structural difficulties of financing and external development and therefore of competitiveness in a competitive context. The aim of the thesis was firstly to study the financial instruments of capital of cooperative societies and the evolutions particularly towards the adoption of the standard I.A.S. 32 by the Community authorities as well as the alternatives used by these entities to resolve their financial difficulties (subsidiarization, united groups, Unions of social economy etc.). Then, were considered the solutions in the development of cooperatives on the E.U. market (European mergers, cross borders of corporate headquarters, implementation of the Community Regulation S.C.E., technicals of the cooperative groups). This study of the modalities of development of the cooperatives reveals they borrow widely from the methods and tactics of the capitalist companies within the risk to lose their soul by giving up their original operating principles
Ahmed, Bacha Adda Redouane. "Localisation multi-hypothèses pour l'aide à la conduite : conception d'un filtre "réactif-coopératif"." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0051/document.
Full text“ When we use information from one source,it's plagiarism;Wen we use information from many,it's information fusion ”This work presents an innovative collaborative data fusion approach for ego-vehicle localization. This approach called the Optimized Kalman Particle Swarm (OKPS) is a data fusion and an optimized filtering method. Data fusion is made using data from a low cost GPS, INS, Odometer and a Steering wheel angle encoder. This work proved that this approach is both more appropriate and more efficient for vehicle ego-localization in degraded sensors performance and highly nonlinear situations. The most widely used vehicle localization methods are the Bayesian approaches represented by the EKF and its variants (UKF, DD1, DD2). The Bayesian methods suffer from sensitivity to noises and instability for the highly non-linear cases. Proposed for covering the Bayesian methods limitations, the Multi-hypothesis (particle based) approaches are used for ego-vehicle localization. Inspired from monte-carlo simulation methods, the Particle Filter (PF) performances are strongly dependent on computational resources. Taking advantages of existing localization techniques and integrating metaheuristic optimization benefits, the OKPS is designed to deal with vehicles high nonlinear dynamic, data noises and real time requirement. For ego-vehicle localization, especially for highly dynamic on-road maneuvers, a filter needs to be robust and reactive at the same time. The OKPS filter is a new cooperative-reactive localization algorithm inspired by dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) metaheuristic methods. It combines advantages of the PSO and two other filters: The Particle Filter (PF) and the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The OKPS is tested using real data collected using a vehicle equipped with embedded sensors. Its performances are tested in comparison with the EKF, the PF and the Swarm Particle Filter (SPF). The SPF is an interesting particle based hybrid filter combining PSO and particle filtering advantages; It represents the first step of the OKPS development. The results show the efficiency of the OKPS for a high dynamic driving scenario with damaged and low quality GPS data
Awad, Mohamad M. "Mise en oeuvre d'un système coopératif adaptatif de segmentation d'images multicomposantes." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S031.
Full textDans le domaine de la télédétection, l'exploitation des images acquises par divers capteurs présente un large champ d'investigation et pose de nombreux problèmes à tous les niveaux dans la chaîne de traitement des images. Aussi, le développement d’approches de segmentation et de fusion optimisées et adaptatives, s’avère indispensable. La segmentation et la fusion sont deux étapes essentielles dans tout système de reconnaissance ou d’interprétation par vision: Le taux d'identification ou la qualité de l'interprétation dépend en effet, étroitement de la qualité de l'analyse et la pertinence des résultats de ces phases. Bien que le sujet ait été étudié en détail dans la littérature, il n'existe pas de méthodes universelles et efficaces de segmentation et de fusion qui permettent une identification précise des classes d'une image réelle lorsque celle-ci est composée à la fois de régions uniformes (faible variation locale de luminance) et texturées. En outre, la majorité de ces méthodes nécessitent des connaissances a priori qui sont en pratique difficilement accessibles. En outre, certaines d’entre elles supposent l'existence de modèles dont les paramètres doivent être estimés. Toutefois, une telle approche paramétrique est non robuste et ses performances sont sévèrement altérées par l’ajustement de l'utilisation de modèles paramétriques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, un système coopératif et adaptatif de segmentation des images multicomposantes est développé. Ce système est non-paramétrique et utilise le minimum de connaissances a priori. Il permet l’analyse de l'image à plusieurs niveaux hiérarchiques en fonction de la complexité tout en intégrant plusieurs méthodes dans les mécanismes de coopération. Trois approches sont intégrées dans le processus coopératif: L’Algorithme Génétique Hybride, l'Algorithme des C-Moyennes Floues, le Réseau de Kohonen (SOM) et la modélisation géométrique par ’’Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline’’. Pour fusionner les différents résultats issus des méthodes coopératives, l’algorithme génétique est appliqué. Le système est évalué sur des images multicomposantes satellitaires et aériennes. Les différents résultats obtenus montrent la grande efficacité et la précision de ce système
Jouanot, Fabrice. "Dilemma : vers une coopération de systèmes d'informations basée sur la médiation sémantique et la fusion d'objets." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS046.
Full textJdey, Aloui Imen. "Contribution des techniques de fusion et de classification des images au processus d'aide à la reconnaissance des cibles radar non coopératives." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0008.
Full textThe automatic recognition of non-cooperative targets is very important in various fields. This is the case for applications in aviation and maritime uncertain environment. Therefore, it’s necessary to introduce innovative methods for radar targets treatment and identification.The proposed methodology is based on the Knowledge Discovery from Data process (KDD) for a complete chain development of radar images recognition by trying to optimize every step of the processing chain.The experimental system used is based on an ISAR image acquisition system in the anechoic chamber of ENSTA Bretagne. This system has allowed controlling the quality of the entries in the recognition process (KDD). We studied the stages of the composite system from acquisition to interpretation and evaluation of results. We focused on the center stage; data mining considered as the heart of the system. This step is composed of two main phases: classification and the results of classifiers combination called decisional fusion. We have shown that this last phase improves results for decision making by taking into account the imperfections related to radar data, including uncertainty and imprecision.The results across different classification techniques as a first step (kNN, SVM and MCP) and decision fusion in a second time (Bayes, majority vote, belief theory, fuzzy fusion) are subject of an analytical and comparative study in terms of performance
Merdrignac, Pierre. "Système coopératif de perception et de communication pour la protection des usagers vulnérables." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0037/document.
Full textCooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS) have the opportunity to enhance road safety, especially the safety of vulnerable road users (VRU), e.g., pedestrians and cyclists. Road accidents are mainly due to vehicles' and VRUs' inability to detect the danger before a collision cannot be avoided.We introduce a perception system based on laser and camera sensors to estimate the state of VRUs located around the vehicle. A multi-class classification of road obstacles based on laser data has been developed using statistical machine learning and Bayesian estimation.We propose an architecture for vehicles-to-pedestrians (V2P) communication which considers the weak energy resources of the devices carried by pedestrians such as smartphones. Our solution is relying on the standards defined by ETSI ITS architecture for vehicular communication and proposes geographical dissemination for V2P communication.A cooperative perception/communication system can deal with scenarios which are becoming more and more complex by combining the ability of perception to estimate the dynamic state of detected obstacles and the ability of communication to exchange a rich content between distant users. We introduce a multi-hypotheses fusion between perception and communication information and a smartphone application dedicated to protect VRUs from road danger.The solutions proposed during this thesis are evaluated on real data. We carried out real experiments on INRIA campus demonstrating the assets of a cooperative system for the protection of vulnerable road users
Messier, David. "Coopération technologique et fusions d'entreprises, une explication de l'intégration par l'approche des contrats incomplets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62081.pdf.
Full textBarraud-Lange, Virginie. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans la coopération des membranes gamétiques au cours de la fécondation chez la souris." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066275.
Full textGunes, Veyis. "Reconnaissance des formes évolutives par combinaison, coopération et sélection de classifieurs." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631621.
Full textMbaye, Mayatta Ndiaye. "Fusions, scissions et apports partiels d'actif transfrontaliers en Afrique." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100027.
Full textAs in Europe, cross-border mergers and assimilated operations run up against the conflict of the laws applicable to the participating companies. These operations seem to find their safety in the Community: on the legal level, no problem arises within the framework of the Organization for the Harmonization in Africa of the Right of Businesses (OHADA) because of the creation of a Community legislation of the companies; the range of this projection is however reduced by the existence of practical obstacles related to the control of the concentrations and the taxation of mergers. It is on that score this organization extremely is behind compared to the European Union strong with its Competition Commission, its directive of 1990 on the taxation of mergers and comparable operations and, very recently, of its 10th directive on cross-border mergers of joint stock companies of November 2005. But are these operations dedicated to failure since the States of settlement of participating companies do not have any bond of a legal or economic nature? The analysis carried out within the framework of our thesis shows that ways of solution exist for the realization of mergers and assimilated operations between different States' companies in Africa ; all depending on a retreat on the discriminatory attitude of the States and conciliation between the need of the international mobility of companies and the protection of involved interests
Lherbier, Régis. "Étude d'une méthode de coopération entre capteurs pour la localisation dynamique d'un robot mobile." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD763.
Full textMeftah, Larbi. "L'intercommunalité urbaine en France : processus, contraintes et perspectives." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0421.
Full textIntercommunality having its own taxation system imposes itself as a fundamental way in running territories in France; it dominates the local and regional geopolitical landscape . The intercommunal map is the product of the power relationship between the different actors/operators. agglomerations are misrepresented by the intercommunality. The intercommunal formations guided and framed by absurd but imposed demographic thresholds have created new agglomerations with demographic size far away from the realty of the urban units defined by L'INSEE, since all agglomerations with 50 000 to 450 000 inhabitants can have the status of CA. The demographic thresholds have changed through the years giving small CU.If we add the territorial discontinuities and the fragmentation of large urban agglomerations into several intercommunalities, the territorial bouleversement which has started during the 90's was considered/ qualified by some people as an "intercommunal revolution".On the other hand, the repartition of the number of communal councilors and the size of community councils, the mode of representation pertaining to these councils and the distribution of seats between rural and urban communities or between communities located in the centre and those in the periphery, and finally the choice of the president of the agglomeration are political issues at stake that show/ reveal the complexity of the system that the different consecutive reforms have consolidated rather than modified
Ramasso-Jullien, Sylvie. "Systèmes coopératifs de fusion explicitant les dépendances entre les informations : application à l'interprétation d'images tomographiques 3D et à la sélection de films d'animation." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS008.
Full textInformation fusion systems have been widely used in many applications these last years in order to improve decision-making. Some applications are quite complex and require a cooperation between both the information fusion system and human experts who may have important and relevant knowledge on these applications. During the cooperation proposed in this thesis, experts provides reference situations while the system gives them information about the fusion mechanisms through dependencies between the information fusion system's inputs. This cooperation has been applied successfully on two applications. The first industrial application, in collaboration with Schneider Electric, concerns the quality evaluation of composite material parts based on 3D-tomographic images. The Choquet Integral is used as the fusion operator taking as inputs several attributes extracted from the 3D-tomographic images. The Choquet Integral parameters have been identified by a new supervised method based on relative entropy that quantifies automatically the dependencies between attributes. The second cultural application, in collaboration with “la Cité de l'image en mouvement”, concerns the selection of animated films. The proposed fusion system combines ordinal symbolic evaluations on four criteria (Scenario, Aesthetic,. . . ) using a generalized mean operator, Two platforms, including software and hardware parts, have been implemented and validated during several experimentation campaigns with the two partners
Mirc, Nicola. "La structure sociale de la création de synergies : perspectives sur les dynamiques relationelles après une acquisition d'entreprise." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPXX0099.
Full textLenfant, Thibaut. "La commune nouvelle, enjeux et perspectives d'un nouveau régime de fusion des communes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D079/document.
Full textThe communal fragmentation is at the origin of the communal crisis. The size of the communal perimeters is indeed inadequate to the needs of the citizens and leads to the marginalization of French municipalities. The merger of municipalities is a response to this situation. The latter has not, for the time, substantially reduce the number of municipalities. Created in 2010, the "commune nouvelle" aims to revive the process of fusion. It is therefore a question of defining the impact of this new fusion regime on the municipality. If the "commune nouvelle" first allows the strengthening of municipalities in their means of action, it also endorses a renewal of their institutions. These two dynamics must be assessed in view of the growing importance of intercommunality. It has long appeared as a competitor of the merger of municipalities. However, the law now imposes inter-municipal cooperation to ail municipalities including "communes nouvelles". This obligation does not condemn the latter to marginality. Indeed, the increase of intermunicipal perimeters recorded in 2015, promotes the emergence of a need of proximity that the majority of municipalities are not able to assume given their size. The development of the "commune nouvelle" is therefore useful to the good govemance of the municipal bloc. It can contain the continuous growth of intercommunality and thus mark the great return of the municipality in the French territorial architecture
El, Merabet Youssef. "Segmentation d'images couleur par combinaison LPE-régions/LPE-contours et fusion de régions. Application à la segmentation de toitures à partir d'orthophotoplans." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001996.
Full textVignes, Nicolas. "La construction de la coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre. Mise en évidence d’un modèle institutionnel transitoire." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2083.
Full textAs a solution to the difficulties inherent to the complexity of territorial organizations within municipalities as well as to the failure of policies adopted by most European countries to merge communes, legislators enacted inter-municipal cooperation with specific taxation with the 31 December 1966 law relative to urban communities. With the creation of public establishments for inter-municipal cooperation with specific taxation, lawmakers chose to compromise between the necessary optimisation of territorial public action and the wish to preserve municipal bodies, so dear to administrators and local elected officials. The entire philosophy supporting the development of this new territorial body, first generalized with the 12 July 1999 law related to reinforcing and simplifying inter-municipal cooperation, then consecrated with the 16 December 2019 law reforming territorial communities, is marked by the attempt to reconcile these two opposing views. Indeed, even while the ongoing process to build public establishments for inter-municipal cooperation with specific taxation, via prefect competitive exams, is based on the progressive transfer of power from municipalities to inter-municipal structures, legislators have always refused to abandon communal bodies, jeopardizing the success of the process. The legislator’s will to develop inter-municipal cooperation with specific taxation into a sustainable institutional model capable of efficiently reorganising communal bodies is no longer compatible with the means granted to PEICs. As such, the outcome is unfinished. With the advent of new institutional models, the development of inter-municipal cooperation remains incomplete. Furthermore, the applicable legal framework is no longer aligned with its purported use. The 27 December 2019 law “Engagement and Proximity” solidifies the idea that in the absence of legal status transformation, this development will always remain unachievable. The quantitative success of public establishments is no longer sufficient to mask their substantial failings. There is every reason to believe that inter-municipal cooperation is in fact a transitional institutional model, intended to foster the conditions favourable to the generalisation of a more radical model, the merging of communes
Conze, Pierre-Henri. "Estimation de mouvement dense long-terme et évaluation de qualité de la synthèse de vues. Application à la coopération stéréo-mouvement." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992940.
Full textWorack, Stephan. "Indigenous invention, M&A, and international collaboration : essays on China's rise to innovation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E054.
Full textThe subject of this doctoral thesis revolves around the analysis of China’s policies, foreign direct investment, and international collaboration with regard to innovation. Chapter one, co-written with Ilja Rudyk, explores the rise of Chinese inventions in Europe, China’s innovation policies, and assesses their effect with regard to domestic ownership in strategic technologies through the lens of European patent data. Further, our methodology allows for an assessment of effects of the policies on characteristics of the patents, reflecting their quality. Chapter two, joint work with Anthony Howell and Jia Lin, investigates the effects of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions on the domestic innovation activities and financial performance of the firms engaging in such foreign direct investment. The third chapter addresses the relationship between international collaboration and patent quality through an analysis of Chinese patent applications in Europe. It investigates the pattern of Chinese international co-inventions in Europe and scrutinizes the role cross-border co-invention play for the quality of Chinese overseas patent applications. It thereby contributes to the understanding of China’s internationalization and technological catch-up
Djedi, Djongambolo Ohonge Daniel. "Le principe québécois de l'impartageabilité de la réserve des coopératives non financières: discussion critique autour du maintien ou de la suppression." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16369.
Full textForbidden general reserve sharing among members is mandatory to have, indivisible throughout the existence of the cooperative and subject to the "disinterested distribution upon liquidation or dissolution". The reserve functions as a support lever for the development of the cooperative and the cooperative movement as a whole. The principle of nondivisibility of the reserve is the prohibition to all cooperatives in Quebec to share the general reserve of all members and the prohibition of the decline, including the allocation of any rebate along the existence of the cooperative. Indeed, the nondivisibility of the reserve is based on the idea that the cooperative is not to the accumulation of capital in order to distribute them among members, but it is the creation of a collective capital that benefits all current and future members. If the concept of nondivisibility reserve therefore prohibits the sharing of reserve throughout the existence of the cooperative, the same prohibition takes the name of the disinterested distribution of net assets at the time of the disappearance of the cooperative. This disinterested distribution is in turn the ban on all non-financial cooperatives to share the remaining assets in the disappearance (dissolution or liquidation) of the cooperative except agricultural cooperatives that can decide in this case, distribute the remaining assets to members without knowing the reasons for the exception. Moreover, the nondivisibility of the reserve is considered a mere legal disadvantage for members and has had some rewrites in co-operative legislation without knowing either the reasons for these changes. The aim of our thesis is to engage a critical discussion around the following central question: given the current legal framework on cooperatives, the principle of nondivisibility the reserve must be maintained as such in the Cooperatives Act, or simply be deleted, as in the corporation, where it is nonexistent without this deletion does not affect the legal concept of the cooperative? Specifically, what is the legal framework and what are the motives which may plead in favor of maintaining or deletion of the principle of nondivisibility reserve? To answer this question, this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part explores the legal framework for non-financial cooperatives in Québec compared with certain legal concepts from other legislation. It examines the legal basis underlying the nondivisibility the Quebec law reserves of non-financial cooperatives. The second part makes a critical discussion around the history of the principle of nondivisibility Reserve (ch. 3), different legal arguments available (ch. 4) and assumptions based around concrete effects available (ch. 5). She exploire these dimensions to support maintaining or not the nondivisibility Reserve current legislation on non-financial cooperatives. Although the research lead to a nuanced response, the overall results rather militates in favor of maintaining the principle of nondivisibility reserve. Previously, the observation of the legal foundations of the underlying concepts in nondivisibility the Quebec law reserves of non-financial cooperatives helped to understand the concepts underlying this principle before answering the question about its maintenance or suppression of current legislation on cooperatives. The discussion made it possible to highlight the importance of a fairly obvious basic reality: this principle allows to preserve the reserve, useful for the development of the cooperative and the cooperative movement as a whole. Moreover, this principle of nondivisibility of the reserve part of the social mission of the cooperative, which is not intended maximizing monetary profit. The nondivisibility Reserve also part of the consistency of Quebec law cooperatives with the concept of cooperatives as defined by the Quebec cooperative movement and the ICA while addressing the historical purposes of fairness between generations and solidarity. Finally, while discussing the arguments of accounting data and illustrations of some interviews with some active members of the cooperative movement does not lead to any firm conclusion, it appears that the nondivisibility the reserve does not dampen the trend rising investment and sales of non-financial cooperatives. This prohibition even be a self-financing mechanism of the cooperative and a symbol of solidarity.
Drouin, Huguette. "Les modes de coopération entre les services des ressources éducatives et les écoles dans deux commissions scolaires dans un contexte de fusion organisationnelle." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17819.
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