Academic literature on the topic 'Fusion-By-Diffusion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fusion-By-Diffusion"
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CAP, T., K. SIWEK-WILCZYŃSKA, and J. WILCZYŃSKI. "FUSION BY DIFFUSION MODEL REVISITED." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 02 (February 2011): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311017661.
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A complete set of 27 excitation functions for synthesis of superheavy nuclei produced in cold fusion reactions was analyzed in terms of the "Fusion by Diffusion Model" of Światecki et al., modified to account for the angular momentum dependence of the fusion hindrance factor. The data on cold fusion reactions originate from experiments carried out at GSI Darmstadt, RIKEN Tokyo and LBNL Berkeley in which 208 Pb and 209 Bi targets were bombarded with the variety of projectiles ranging from 48,50 Ti to 70 Zn .
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Tiwari, G. P., and R. S. Mehrotra. "Diffusion and Melting." Defect and Diffusion Forum 279 (August 2008): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.279.23.
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The paper reviews the correlation between the processes of diffusion and melting. It is shown that the entropy of fusion and the melting temperature have a governing influence on the self-diffusion rates in solids. The relationship between self-diffusion coefficient (D) in solids and the melting parameters can be expressed as follows: D = fa2ν exp (κSm / R) exp (– κSmTm / RT) , where f is the correlation factor, a the lattice parameter, ν the vibration frequency, Sm the entropy of fusion, Tm the melting temperature in degree K, κ a constant and R, T have their usual meaning. The above equation has been derived on the basis that the free energy of activation for diffusion is directly proportional to the free energy of liquid phase. The well known relationships of the activation energy for self-diffusion with the melting point and enthalpy of fusion can be derived on the basis of this assumption. The constant κ is a group constant for any class or group of solids having identical physical and chemical properties. The validity of the above equation is demonstrated by the fact that when the self-diffusion coefficients are plotted as a function of homologous temperature, they scale inversely with the magnitude of the entropy of fusion. The hierarchy of self-diffusion rates within any group of solids is governed by the magnitude of the entropy of fusion and the melting temperature. The paper also discusses some interesting fall out of the close relationship between the diffusion and the melting parameters concerning (a) the diffusion in elemental anisotropic lattices, (b) anomalous diffusion behavior in bcc transition metals, lanthanides and actinides and (c) congruently melting compounds.
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Lafon, S., Y. Keller, and R. R. Coifman. "Data Fusion and Multicue Data Matching by Diffusion Maps." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28, no. 11 (November 2006): 1784–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2006.223.
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Prasath, V. B. Surya. "Image denoising by anisotropic diffusion with inter-scale information fusion." Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 27, no. 4 (October 2017): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054661817040174.
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Knoll, G., K. N. Burger, R. Bron, G. van Meer, and A. J. Verkleij. "Fusion of liposomes with the plasma membrane of epithelial cells: fate of incorporated lipids as followed by freeze fracture and autoradiography of plastic sections." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 2511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.6.2511.
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The fusion of liposomes with the plasma membrane of influenza virus-infected monolayers of an epithelial cell line, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (van Meer et al., 1985. Biochemistry. 24:3593-3602), has been analyzed by morphological techniques. The distribution of liposomal lipids over the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains after fusion was assessed by autoradiography of liposomal [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine after rapid freezing or chemical fixation and further processing by freeze substitution and low temperature embedding. Before fusion, radioactivity was solely detected on the apical cell surface, indicating the absence of redistribution artifacts and demonstrating the reliability of lipid autoradiography on both a light and electron microscopical level. After induction of fusion by a low pH treatment, the basolateral plasma membrane domain became progressively labeled, indicative of rapid lateral diffusion of [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in the plasma membrane. Analysis of individual fusion events by freeze fracture after rapid freezing confirmed the rapid diffusion of the liposomal lipids into the plasma membrane, as intramembrane particle-free lipid patches were never observed. After the induction of liposome-cell fusion, well-defined intramembrane particles were present on the otherwise smooth liposomal fracture faces and on the fracture faces of the plasma membrane. Morphological evidence thus was obtained in favor of a local point fusion mechanism with an intramembrane particle as a specific structural fusion intermediate.
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Nie, Baohua, Zihua Zhao, Dongchu Chen, Fangjun Liu, Jishi Zhao, and Lianyu Zhao. "Very high cycle fatigue behavior of dissimilar martensitic stainless-steel diffusion-bonded joints." Materials Express 9, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1590.
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Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of the diffusion bonded joints between 3Cr13 and 2Cr13 were investigated. Results showed that the diffusion bonded joints obtained a comparable fatigue property of 2Cr13, and the S–N curves exhibited a decreasing shape characteristic. However, fatigue life was dramatically decreased by occasional non-diffusion defects. Fatigue cracks in diffusion bonded joints occurred at specimen's surface in high cycle regimes, whereas VHCF cracks were originated from inclusions on the side of 2Cr13 based materials, in which the fine granular area (FGA) characteristics were observed around the internal inclusion. Furthermore, fatigue strength of the diffusion joints was interpreted based on the Murakami model. The crack propagation life estimated by Paris-Hertzberg-McClintock model mainly contributed for the fatigue life of the specimens with occasional non-fusion defects, in which non-fusion defects acted as pre-cracks.
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Wang, Pan-Pan, Ju-Xiang Shao, and Qi-Long Cao. "Melting properties of Pt and its transport coefficients in liquid states under high pressures." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 01 (January 10, 2016): 1550250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215502501.
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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the melting and transport properties in liquid states of platinum for the pressure range (50–200 GPa) are reported. The melting curve of platinum is consistent with previous ab initio MD simulation results and the first-principles melting curve. Calculated results for the pressure dependence of fusion entropy and fusion volume show that the fusion entropy and the fusion volume decrease with increasing pressure, and the ratio of the fusion volume to fusion entropy roughly reproduces the melting slope, which has a moderate decrease along the melting line. The Arrhenius law well describes the temperature dependence of self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity under high pressure, and the diffusion activation energy decreases with increasing pressure, while the viscosity activation energy increases with increasing pressure. In addition, the entropy-scaling law, proposed by Rosenfeld under ambient pressure, still holds well for liquid Pt under high pressure conditions.
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Woronowicz, Kamil, Nataliya Rozenvayn, and Robert Flaumenhaft. "Platelet-Platelet Fusion Results from Fusing of Plasma Membranes and Is Augmented by Stimulation through PAR1 or CCR4." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.137.137.
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Abstract Cell-cell fusion occurs between many cell types including hematopoietic stem cells and macrophages. Fusion between platelets has been proposed based on both early and more recent studies using light and electron microscopy, but these approaches have lead to conflicting conclusions. We addressed the question of whether or not mature platelets are capable of fusing with one another using videomicroscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and dye transfer studies. Studies using time-lapse DIC videomicroscopy revealed a process whereby lamellipodia of two adjacent platelets grow towards each other and develop contact points. Fusion of adjacent membranes subsequently occurs between contact points until the two platelets appear as one large platelet with two granulomeres. For studies using FRAP, DiO-labeled platelets were plated densely on coverslips and a laser was used to photobleach areas of approximately 6 x 4 μm2 within collections of large platelets with multiple granulomeres. Following photobleaching, recovery of fluorescence into the bleached areas and loss of fluorescence from areas outside the bleached portions was monitored. Fluorescence recovered within the photobleached areas to 90.4 ± 2.1% of baseline, along with a concomitant loss of fluorescence from adjacent areas. In contrast, FRAP was not observed following similar photobleaching of single platelets or of adjacent platelets without morphologic evidence of fusion. Dye transfer studies were used to determine whether cytosolic mixing occurred between platelets following fusion of membranes. Platelets were labeled with CMFDA, a thiol-reactive, cell-permeant dye that associates with cytosolic proteins. The diffusion of CMFDA from labeled platelets to unlabeled platelets was quantified using digital fluorescence microscopy. Plating of unlabeled platelets with CMFDA-labeled platelets resulted in a markedly increased radius of diffusion of fluorescence and a decrease in average mean fluorescence intensity in CMFDA-labeled platelets. In contrast, mean fluorescence intensity did not change over time when CMFDA-labeled platelets were plated in buffer alone or when CMFDA-labeled platelets were fixed with paraformaldehyde prior to incubation with unlabeled platelets. Diffusion of CMFDA increased in a linear fashion by 4.3 ± 0.9-fold as the density of unlabeled platelets increased from 5 x 103 to 8 x 104 platelets/mm2. The diffusion of CMFDA increased by 7.8 ± 1.4-fold when platelets were activated using SFLLRN, a peptide that stimulates platelets via the thrombin receptor PAR1. Diffusion of CMFDA to unlabeled platelets also increased following incubation of platelets with thrombin or macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), which stimulates through the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4. Time course studies using thrombin- and MDC-stimulated platelets showed that dye transfer to unlabeled platelets was detected 1 h after plating and increased in a linear manner for 6 h. No further diffusion of CMFDA occurred from 6 to 24 h incubation. These studies show that membrane fusion with mixing of cytosolic contents occurs between mature platelets. Platelet-platelet fusion is a relatively slow event and is significantly augmented by physiologic platelet agonists including thrombin and MDC. Platelet-platelet fusion may function in remodeling thrombi that form following vascular injury.
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Zhou, Peilei, Wensheng Wang, and Zhe Yu. "Analysis of Interface Fusion Effect between Old and New Asphalt under Plant Mixing and Cold Recycling Mode Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 4637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164637.
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Road construction consumes a lot of resources and produces a lot of waste and other pollutants. With the emergence of a resource and energy crisis, how to make efficient use of rap has become the research focus of scientific researchers. The interface fusion effect of old and new asphalt in plant mixing and cooling recycling mode is analyzed in order to improve the utilization rate of old asphalt in reclaimed asphalt pavement. In this paper, Materials Studio software was used to establish a bitumen model using the method of four components of bitumen, and then the rationality of the model was verified by density, solubility number and atomic radial distribution function, and the diffusion coefficient obtained from the mean square displacement (MSD) was taken as its evaluation index. The results showed that the diffusion model tends to be stable after 20 ps, and the degree of diffusion increases with the increase in temperature. The degree of diffusion of new asphalt to old asphalt and the degree of diffusion of old asphalt to new asphalt are basically very similar; however, there are some differences at different temperatures. Only a small part of the surface contact between old and new asphalt has been fused, which accords with the partial fusion theory. Compared with Panjin 90# asphalt, the diffusion coefficient of Zhonghaiyou asphalt increases faster with the increase in temperature. The diffusion coefficient increases by 64.3% with the increase of the content of rejuvenators after adding different rejuvenators into the new asphalt. Clarifying the interface fusion effect will be helpful to guide the optimization design of cold-mixing recycled asphalt mixture more scientifically and reasonably. Future research should focus on increasing the fusion effect of old and new asphalt, and explore its influence on the conventional road performance of asphalt mixture.
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Ji, Jingyu, Yuhua Zhang, Zhilong Lin, Yongke Li, Changlong Wang, Yongjiang Hu, and Jiangyi Yao. "Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Iterative Control of Anisotropic Diffusion and Regional Gradient Structure." Journal of Sensors 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7144991.
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To improve the fusion performance of infrared and visible images and effectively retain the edge structure information of the image, a fusion algorithm based on iterative control of anisotropic diffusion and regional gradient structure is proposed. First, the iterative control operator is introduced into the anisotropic diffusion model to effectively control the number of iterations. Then, the image is decomposed into a structure layer containing detail information and a base layer containing residual energy information. According to the characteristics of different layers, different fusion schemes are utilized. The structure layer is fused by combining the regional structure operator and the structure tensor matrix, and the base layer is fused through the Visual Saliency Map. Finally, the fusion image is obtained by reconstructing the structure layer and the energy layer. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only effectively deal with the fusion of infrared and visible images but also has high efficiency in calculation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fusion-By-Diffusion"
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Donglo, Hope. "Study οf reactiοn mechanisms fοr the synthesis οf super-heavy elements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC243.
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Cette thèse étudie le mécanisme de synthèse des éléments super-lourds (SHE) par des réactions de fusion-évaporation. Il s'agit de noyaux de numéro atomique \(Z \ge 104\) qui n'existent pas dans la nature en raison de leurs barrières de fission macroscopiques qui disparaissent. Ils sont stabilisés par une correction quantique du modèle en couches. La recherche de nouveaux SHE repousse les limites de la physique nucléaire et nous permet de mieux comprendre leur formation, leur stabilité et leur structure. Cependant, la synthèse des SHE est un défi en raison de la diminution des sections efficaces de production à mesure que la charge atomique augmente, ce qui nécessite des simulations théoriques pour guider les expériences et identifier les conditions de réaction optimales.Ce travail se concentre sur l'amélioration du pouvoir prédictif du modèle Kewpie2, conçu pour la simulation de la réaction de fusion-évaporation. Cette réaction est modélisée comme un processus en trois étapes : capture, formation et survie. Alors que Kewpie2 simule de manière indépendante la section efficace de capture et la probabilité de survie, il nécessitait des calculs externes pour la probabilité de formation. Cette thèse met en œuvre l'étape de formation dans le code Kewpie2 pour la première fois en utilisant à la fois les formalismes de sur-critiques et de Langevin complet. La distance du point d'injection (décrivant la configuration initiale de la phase de formation pour le système projectile-cible) est optimisée pour les réactions de fusion froide et chaudes séparément. Une paramétrisation améliorée de la distance du point d'injection, compatible avec le formalisme de Langevin, reproduit les sections efficaces de résidus d'évaporation mesurées pour les réactions de fusion chaude, généralement avec un ratio inférieur à un ordre de grandeur. Pour les réactions de fusion froide, les canaux d'émission de plusieurs neutrons sont expliqués par l'introduction d'un terme structurel supplémentaire, ce qui permet d'obtenir un bon accord avec les données expérimentales. Dans ce cas, les données du canal 1n sont décrites comme ayant une déviation d'un facteur par rapport aux données expérimentales, alors que pour les canaux 2n et 3n, les ratios sont à l'intérieur d'un ordre de grandeur. La thèse étudie également la modélisation de la probabilité de survie en utilisant les données les plus récentes pour SHE. Les étapes de formation et de survie sont testées de manière approfondie et comparées au modèle de fusion par diffusion (FbD) pour 27 réactions de fusion froide et 24 réactions de fusion chaude.L'analyse des coefficients de frottement réduits dans le cadre de l'approche de Langevin suramortie suggère que la dynamique n'est pas sur-critique. Par conséquent, un formalisme de Langevin unidimensionnel complet est étudié et implémenté dans Kewpie2. Le formalisme est appliqué aux données de réaction de fusion chaude. Les paramètres du modèle sont optimisés à l'aide d'une technique d'ajustement systématique, et les résultats confirment que la dynamique n'est pas sur-critique. Dans cette approche, les prédictions du modèle se situent dans un ordre de grandeur d'écart par rapport aux données expérimentales. Les prédictions pour la synthèse d'éléments de numéros atomiques ZCN = 119 et 120 s'accordent avec les résultats d'autres codes. En outre, une méthode d'étude des rapports de probabilités de formation est proposée et discutée pour la synthèse des isotopes 258No et 259Db.En conclusion, ce travail améliore considérablement Kewpie2, ce qui en fait un outil autonome pour l'étude de la synthèse SHE et l'orientation des futurs efforts expérimentauxThis thesis investigates the mechanism of synthesising super-heavy elements (SHE) via fusion evaporation reactions. These are nuclei with atomic numbers \(Z \ge 104\) and do not exist in nature due to their vanishing macroscopic fission barriers. They are stabilised by quantum shell correction. The search for new SHE pushes the boundaries of nuclear physics, furthering our understanding of their formation, stability, and structure. However, synthesising SHE is challenging due to decreasing production cross sections as the atomic charge increases, necessitating theoretical simulations to guide experiments and identify optimal reaction conditions.This work focuses on improving the predictive power of the Kewpie2 model, designed for fusion evaporation simulation. Fusion evaporation is modelled as a three-stage process: capture, formation, and survival. While Kewpie2 independently simulates the capture cross section and survival probability, it has relied on external calculations for formation probability. This thesis implements the formation step in the Kewpie2 code for the first time using both the overdamped and full Langevin formalisms. The injection point distance (describing projectile-target nuclei starting configuration) is optimised for cold and hot fusion reaction datasets in both cases. An improved injection point distance parametrisation, consistent with the Langevin formalism, reproduces measured evaporation residue cross sections for hot fusion reactions, typically with accuracy better than an order of magnitude. For cold fusion reactions, multiple neutron emission channels are explained by introducing an additional structural term, achieving good agreement with experimental data. In this case, the 1n channel data are described as having a factor deviation from the experimental data, while the 2n and 3n channels are within an order of magnitude. The thesis also investigates survival probability modelling using the latest data for SHE. Both the formation and survival steps are extensively tested and compared with the Fusion-by-Diffusion (FbD) model for sets of 27 cold and 24 hot fusion reactions.Analysis of the reduced friction coefficients within the overdamped Langevin approach suggests that the dynamic is not fully damped. Therefore, a full one-dimensional Langevin formalism is investigated and implemented in Kewpie2. The formalism is applied to hot fusion reaction data. The fitting coefficients of the model are optimised using a so-called systematic fitting technique, and the results confirm that the dynamic is not fully damped. In this approach, the model predictions are within an order of magnitude deviations from the experimental data. Predictions for the synthesis of elements with atomic numbers ZCN = 119 et 120 align with results from other codes. Additionally, a method for studying ratios of formation probabilities is proposed and discussed for the synthesis of 258No et 259Db..In conclusion, this work significantly enhances Kewpie2, making it a self-contained tool for studying SHE synthesis and guiding future experimental efforts
Books on the topic "Fusion-By-Diffusion"
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Mason, Peggy. Neurotransmitter Release. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0011.
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The biochemical and physiological processes of neurotransmitter release from an active zone, a specialized region of synaptic membrane, are examined. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are docked at the active zone and then primed for release by SNARE complexes that bring them into extreme proximity to the plasma membrane. Entry of calcium ions through voltage-gated calcium channels triggers synaptic vesicle fusion with the synaptic terminal membrane and the consequent diffusion of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Release results when the fusion pore bridging the synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane widens and neurotransmitter from the inside of the synaptic vesicle diffuses into the synaptic cleft. Membrane from the active zone membrane is endocytosed, and synaptic vesicle proteins are then reassembled into recycled synaptic vesicles, allowing for more rounds of neurotransmitter release.
Book chapters on the topic "Fusion-By-Diffusion"
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Esteves, Paulo, and Stephan Klingebiel. "Diffusion, Fusion, and Confusion: Development Cooperation in a Multiplex World Order." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 185–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_9.
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AbstractDevelopment cooperation (DC) is shaped by norms. We aim at filling a gap of research on DC by using the academic debates in international relations on norms. Contrary to interpretations that consider developed countries as norm-makers and developing countries as norm-takers, our analysis provides evidence that—and highlights how—Southern agents have influenced the processes of norm-setting and norm-diffusion for DC. The OECD was the dominant norms “entrepreneur” for a long period of time; more recently, developing countries have played a significant role in setting DC norms. We identify the diverging norms for official development assistance and South-South cooperation and the interrelationship between both norm systems. Thus, norm-making, norm-taking, and norm-diffusion of two competing norm clusters are key terms of the contribution.
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Funk, Kellen R. "The Nature of Things." In Law's Machinery, 241–67. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197543962.003.0012.
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Abstract This chapter examines the wide-ranging debates over the fusion of law and equity and whether such fusion could be accomplished through a procedure code. After describing the central themes of the fusion debate in the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846, the chapter traces David Dudley Field’s ideas about fusion in the litigation strategy Field undertook in the “Erie Wars.” The Erie Railroad litigation shows how fully equity—especially in its provisional remedies—did not inhere in articulable principles of substantive law but in chancery’s traditional power to change the game of litigation without changing the conventional rules. After attempting to reduce equity to a list of procedures and remedies on a page, Field showed how greatly those remedies had depended on traditional structures of uncodified thought to keep them within practical bounds, especially the bounds of conscience. The fusion of law and equity was a joint project across the common law world in the nineteenth century. In general, one might say that Field Code states sought to accomplish fusion largely through equity’s diffusion. Under the code, every trial judge became a chancellor, and every case was a potential application of equitable remedies. Yet throughout the code, both initially and as finalized by the commissioners, rights to specific remedies and modes of proceeding depended on the form of the complaint, which in turn depended on the remedy sought, which in turn depended on the traditions distinguishing legal from equitable relief.
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Mittal, Ruchi, and M. P. S. Bhatia. "Classifying the Influential Individuals in Multi-Layer Social Networks." In Research Anthology on Usage, Identity, and Impact of Social Media on Society and Culture, 528–40. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6307-9.ch027.
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Nowadays, social media is one of the popular modes of interaction and information diffusion. It is commonly found that the main source of information diffusion is done by some entities and such entities are also called as influencers. An influencer is an entity or individual who has the ability to influence others because of his/her relationship or connection with his/her audience. In this article, we propose a methodology to classify influencers from multi-layer social networks. A multi-layer social network is the same as a single layer social network depict that it includes multiple properties of a node and modeled them into multiple layers. The proposed methodology is a fusion of machine learning techniques (SVM, neural networks and so on) with centrality measures. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm on some real-life networks to validate the effectiveness of the approach in multi-layer systems.
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Edidin, Michael. "Lateral mobility of membrane proteins-a journey from heterokaryons to laser tweezers." In The Legacy of Cell Fusion, 101–14. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636273.003.0007.
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Abstract Soon after virus-induced heterokaryons were described (Harris and Watkins 1965) it was observed by several laboratories that species-specific surface markers of the parent cells were randomly distributed over the heterokaryon surface (Watkins and Grace 1967; Harris et al. 1969; Gordon and Cohn 1970). All of these observations were made hours after the fusion of the parent cells, and were made with fairly low spatial resolution. Larry Frye, then a graduate student in my laboratory, decided to refine the experiments by resolving the time required for randomization of surface markers from parent cells. He also improved the spatial resolution of the distribution by using fluorescent antibodies to the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules of the mouse cell parent and antibodies to undefined, but membrane-integral, antigens of the human cell parent of the heterokaryons. With this system, Frye was able to show that randomization of surface marker antigens began within minutes of fusing mouse and human cells with virus (Frye and Edidin 1970). Controls, including fixation of newly formed heterokaryons, showed clearly that redistribution was due to diffusion and not to cell metabolism (Edidin and Wei 1977). Together with studies of lipid motion in the bilayer, these experiments set us on the road to viewing cell membranes, especially cell surface membranes, as ordered fluids whose components are free to move in the plane of the membrane. The experiments that showed diffusional motions of lipids and proteins are summarized in an early review on the subject (Edidin 1974); the model embodying them, together with data on the solubility of membrane proteins is the well-known ‘fluid mosaic’ model of Singer and Nicolson (1972).
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Brennwald, Patrick, and Joan Adamo. "Polarized exocytosis: targeting vesicles to specific dotnains on the plastna membrane." In Cell Polarity, 269–84. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638031.003.0009.
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Abstract The ability to deliver newly synthesized proteins and lipids to discrete sites on the cell surface allows cells to grow asymmetrically (i.e. tall and thin versus round), to release morphogens on a discrete side of a cell layer during early embryonic development, and to carry out a variety of other processes. The involvement of delivery events is particularly apparent during asymmetrical growth. This is because the ability of the surface to expand requires the addition of new phospholipids and integral membrane proteins, which are the building blocks that allow cell-surface growth. Lipids and integral membrane proteins are extremely hydrophobic in nature and thus they cannot reach the plasma membrane by simple diffusion through the cytoplasm. Instead, they are brought to the cell surface in the form of membranous transport vesicles. These transport or secretory vesicles contain materials first synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then delivered to the Golgi apparatus, within which the secretory vesicles themselves are derived. These post-Golgi secretory vesicles represent the last stage of the exocytic pathway and their fusion with the cell surface is often referred to is exocytosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanisms and machinery that regulate the delivery and fusion of secretory vesicles with specific sites on the plasma membrane, the process of polarized exocytosis.
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David, Paul A. "The Reaper and the Robot: The Adoption of Labour-Saving Machinery in the Past and Future." In Landowners, Capitalists, and Entrepreneurs, 275–305. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198283010.003.00012.
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Abstract Sir John Habakkuk, perhaps more than any other single scholar, has been responsible for both the lively attention to and the productive fusion of economics and history that has come to distinguish the study of regional and national patterns in the introduction and diffusion of technological innovations. His seminal essay on the search for labour-saving innovations, American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century, was offered modestly in 1962 as ‘a foray into the debatable borderland between history, technology and economics’. Sir John believed that the parties exploring this wilderness would from the outset benefit by forming ‘a marriage of history and theory’. One ground for such a union was that the past posed problems that might well interest contemporary economists. This was brilliantly exemplified by his own chosen subject-matter: the sources of the post-Second World War gap between US and British levels of labour productivity in manufacturing was a phenomenon whose historical origins had previously intrigued the wartime Anglo-American Productivity Teams.
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Jiang, Ting, Min Guo, Liu Yang, Zheng Ma, and Heng Liu. "Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Decomposed Spatio-Temporal Fusion Graph Convolutional Network." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde240384.
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At present, the global urban traffic system generally faces multiple challenges such as congestion problems and environmental loads. Reasonable traffic planning by predicting traffic flow is conducive to solving such problems. As for traffic flow forecasting, we need to establish a forecasting model first. The big data technology is used to process the previous historical traffic data as input, and the traffic data is found through the prediction model to predict the future traffic. The prediction of future traffic is used as the output of the model. In this paper, a new spatio-temporal fusion traffic prediction model based on input traffic signal decomposition is proposed, which is called Decomposed Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (DSTGCN), in order to better capture global spatial correlation and time dependence. It captures the global spatial information through the diffusion graph convolution network in the spatial module, and then captures the time information through the designed time module. The spatial module and the time module are organically connected by the forgetting gate and the update gate to decompose and predict the input information in multi-level and two dimensions, and capture temporal and spatial correlation of traffic. Moreover, the residual learning framework is used to enhance the model simulation ability. Experiments on PEMS04 and PEMS08 data sets indicate that the proposed method is more excellent than ASTGCN and Graph WaveNet.
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Kang, Lei, Fei Yang, Kai Wang, Mohamed Ali Souibgui, Lluis Gomez, Alicia Fornés, Ernest Valveny, and Dimosthenis Karatzas. "GRIF-DM: Generation of Rich Impression Fonts Using Diffusion Models." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240492.
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Fonts are integral to creative endeavors, design processes, and artistic productions. The appropriate selection of a font can significantly enhance artwork and endow advertisements with a higher level of expressivity. Despite the availability of numerous diverse font designs online, traditional retrieval-based methods for font selection are increasingly being supplanted by generation-based approaches. These newer methods offer enhanced flexibility, catering to specific user preferences and capturing unique stylistic impressions. However, current impression font techniques based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) necessitate the utilization of multiple auxiliary losses to provide guidance during generation. Furthermore, these methods commonly employ weighted summation for the fusion of impression-related keywords. This leads to generic vectors with the addition of more impression keywords, ultimately lacking in detail generation capacity. In this paper, we introduce a diffusion-based method, termed GRIF-DM, to generate fonts that vividly embody specific impressions, utilizing an input consisting of a single letter and a set of descriptive impression keywords. The core innovation of GRIF-DM lies in the development of dual cross-attention modules, which process the characteristics of the letters and impression keywords independently but synergistically, ensuring effective integration of both types of information. Our experimental results, conducted on the MyFonts dataset, affirm that this method is capable of producing realistic, vibrant, and high-fidelity fonts that are closely aligned with user specifications. This confirms the potential of our approach to revolutionize font generation by accommodating a broad spectrum of user-driven design requirements. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/leitro/GRIF-DM.
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Visca, E., G. Ceccotti, B. Riccardi, and G. Mercurio. "Technologies of joining between ITER reference grade beryllium and copper alloys by diffusion bonding process." In Fusion Technology 1996, 423–26. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82762-3.50076-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fusion-By-Diffusion"
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Bo Wang, Jiayan Jiang, Wei Wang, Zhi-Hua Zhou, and Zhuowen Tu. "Unsupervised metric fusion by cross diffusion." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248029.
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Seki, Kazuhiko, Tomoaki Yago, and Ryuzi Katoh. "Diffusion-limited Geminate Delayed Fluorescence by Singlet Fission and Triplet Fusion." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ngfm.2019.020.
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Yang, Fan, Bogdan Matei, and Larry S. Davis. "Re-ranking by Multi-feature Fusion with Diffusion for Image Retrieval." In 2015 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2015.82.
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Seki, Kazuhiko, Tomoaki Yago, and Ryuzi Katoh. "Diffusion-limited Geminate Delayed Fluorescence by Singlet Fission and Triplet Fusion." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.020.
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Li, Bing, Dongdong Ren, Hao Liu, TingHao Yu, Chenglei Peng, and Yang Gao. "Incremental Image Generation with Diffusion Models by Label Embedding Initialization and Fusion." In MM '24: The 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 5–13. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3688859.3690084.
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Fei, Fan, Li He, Levi Kirby, and Xuan Song. "Study of Droplet Diffusion in Hydrothermal-Assisted Transient Jet Fusion of Ceramics." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8423.
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Abstract Hydrothermal-assisted transient jet fusion (HTJF) is a powder-based additive manufacturing method of ceramics, which utilizes a water-mediated hydrothermal mechanism to fuse particles together, eliminating the use of organic binders in forming green bodies and thereby contributing to high green-density parts (> 90%) advantageous for fabricating functional materials with high-performance. In the HTJF process, a transient solution such as water is selectively deposited into a powder bed in a layer-by-layer fashion followed by a hydrothermal fusion process. Upon the ejection and deposition of a droplet of the transient solution on the surface of the powder bed, the diffusion behavior of the liquid significantly influences the particle fusion and the fabrication accuracy of the HTJF process. Precise control of the liquid diffusion in the powder bed is critical for the fabrication of ceramic structures with both high density and accuracy. In this paper, the dependence of transient solution diffusion on different process parameters (i.e., powder packing density, droplet size, pressure, etc.) in the HTJF process were studied. Both numerical modeling and experimental methods were used to quantify the relationships between processing parameters and diffusion profiles of transient solution droplets (e.g., diffusion width/depth). Optimum processing conditions were identified to mitigate the undesired diffusion of transient solution droplets in the powder bed.
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Washiyama, Kouhei, Noboru Takigawa, and Sakir Ayik. "Quantum diffusion approach to the formation of a heavy compound nucleus by heavy-ion fusion reactions." In TOURS SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS VI. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2713546.
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Zhang, Yigong, Shuo Gu, Jian Yang, M. Jose Alvarez, and Hui Kong. "Fusion of LiDAR and Camera by Scanning in LiDAR Imagery and Image-Guided Diffusion for Urban Road Detection." In 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2018.8500401.
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Zuo, Ran, Haoxiang Hu, Xiaoming Deng, Cangjun Gao, Zhengming Zhang, Yu-Kun Lai, Cuixia Ma, Yong-Jin Liu, and Hongan Wang. "SceneDiff: Generative Scene-Level Image Retrieval with Text and Sketch Using Diffusion Models." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/202.
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Jointly using text and sketch for scene-level image retrieval utilizes the complementary between text and sketch to describe the fine-grained scene content and retrieve the target image, which plays a pivotal role in accurate image retrieval. Existing methods directly fuse the features of sketch and text and thus suffer from the bottleneck of limited utilization for crucial semantic and structural information, leading to inaccurate matching with images. In this paper, we propose SceneDiff, a novel retrieval network that leverages a pre-trained diffusion model to establish a shared generative latent space, enabling a joint latent representation learning for both sketch and text features and precise alignment with the corresponding image. Specifically, we encode text, sketch and image features, and project them into the diffusion-based share space, conditioning the denoising process on sketch and text features to generate latent fusion features, while employing the pre-trained autoencoder for latent image features. Within this space, we introduce the content-aware feature transformation module to reconcile encoded sketch and image features with the diffusion latent space's dimensional requirements and preserve their visual content information. Then we augment the representation capability of the generated latent fusion features by integrating multiple samplings with partition attention, and utilize contrastive learning to align both direct fusion features and generated latent fusion features with corresponding image representations. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art works through extensive experiments, providing a novel insight into the related retrieval field.
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Mustari, Asril Pramutadi Andi, and Minoru Takahashi. "Corrosion Properties of Welded Ferritic-Martensitic Steels in Liquid Lead-Bismuth at 600C." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29927.
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A static corrosion test for ferritic-martensitic steel HCM12A with three types of welding in lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) was conducted at 600°C for 500 h. The specifications of TIG welding, YAG laser welding and electron beam welding were 40A/12V of electrical conductance, 278W/14.3J of heat input and 5.0 mA of beam electric current, respectively. Oxygen concentration was controlled to be about 4.7×10−6wt% by injecting Ar-H2-H2O gas mixture into LBE. After corrosion test, cross sections of the specimens were analyzed by using optical microscope and SEM/EDX. Toughness profiles of fusion zone and base metal were determined by using Vickers hardness tool. The results show coarse grain structure in fusion zone (FZ) and typical ferritic-martensitic grain structure in base metal (BM). It was found that those Cr-rich spinel oxide layer and diffusion zone were formed on the surface. The total thickness of oxide layer and diffusion zone on and in the fusion zone was about 18–30μm. It was much thicker than 10–15μm on BM. The hardness was higher in the fusion zone than in the BM.
Reports on the topic "Fusion-By-Diffusion"
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Heinola, K. Summary Report of the First Research Coordination Meeting on Hydrogen Permeation in Fusion-relevant Materials. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.4e83-3whw.
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The First Research Coordination Meeting of the Coordinated Research Project on Hydrogen Permeation in Fusion-relevant Materials was held on 23 – 27 November 2020 as a virtual meeting due to the global SARS-CoV2 pandemic. 22 Chief Scientific Investigators representing 16 Member States presented their Research Proposals and corresponding activities in the field of nuclear fusion fuel permeation through reactor materials and components. Meeting was attended in total by 51 participants, which comprised of project CSIs, meeting observers and IAEA staff. Open issues related to fusion fuel permeation, retention, solubility, trapping and diffusion were discussed and plans for coordinated research activities to be performed during the project were made. Proceedings of the meeting are summarized in this report.