Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fused salts Thermal properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Fused salts Thermal properties'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fused salts Thermal properties"

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Wang, Jiayi, Tamar L. Greaves, Danielle F. Kennedy, Asoka Weerawardena, Gonghua Song, and Calum J. Drummond. "Amino Acid-derived Protic Ionic Liquids: Physicochemical Properties and Behaviour as Amphiphile Self-assembly Media." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 2 (2011): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10314.

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The thermal phase transitions and physicochemical properties of a series of 21 amino acid-derived protic ionic liquids and four protic molten salts have been investigated. Structure–property comparisons for this series were investigated for alkyl- and cyclic amino acid cations, and ethoxy and methoxy groups on the cation, combined with nitrate or various carboxylate-containing anions. All the protic fused salts were found to be ‘fragile’. Most of the protic fused salts exhibited a glass transition, with the transition temperatures ranging from –90° to –42°C. Viscosities and conductivities ranged from 0.03 to 15.46 Pa s and 0.02 to 2.20 mS cm–1 at 25°C respectively. The protic ionic liquids alanine methyl ester glycolate, proline methyl ester nitrate, and proline methyl ester glycolate were found to be capable of supporting amphiphile self-assembly. Lamellar or hexagonal liquid crystalline phases were observed with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and the non-ionic surfactant Myverol 18–99K.
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Pozzo, Jean-Luc, André Samat, Robert Guglielmetti, Vladimir Lokshin, and Vladimir Minkin. "Furo-fused 2H-chromenes: synthesis and photochromic properties." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-182.

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New photochromic chromenes annulated with a furan ring have been synthesized. Thus, suitable heterocyclic phenols react with different propargylic alcohols in acidic medium to give the corresponding ethers, which cyclize into benzopyrans by thermal Claisen rearrangement. This synthetic approach was found to lead to a mixture of linear and angular chromenes that is strictly related to the nature of the phenol. However, regiospecificity could be obtained by reacting β-phenylcinnamaldehyde, in refluxing aprotic nonpolar solvents, with titanium(IV) salts of the former phenols. Electrocyclization of intermediately generated o-quinoid structures occurs on the α position towards the heterocyclic junction. All compounds exhibit photochromic behavior at room temperature. Furo-fused benzopyrans are particularly interesting with respect to naphthopyran parents in view of the bathochromically shifted and broadened absorption spectra of photoinduced forms. This trend is confirmed by the spectral data of several heterocyclospiro(7H-furo[3,2-f] chromenes). The achievable color depends significantly on the relative position of annulation on the chromenic moiety and substitution on the sp3 carbon atom. Key words: photochromism, heterocycle, regiospecificity, 2H-chromene, furan.
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Weingärtner, Hermann. "Corresponding states for electrolyte solutions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 11 (January 1, 2001): 1733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173111733.

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The equilibrium properties of electrolyte solutions over wide ranges of concentration, temperature, and solvent dielectric constant are discussed on a corresponding-states basis. If low-melting salts are used, these properties can be studied up to the pure fused salt. We mainly focus on systems at low reduced temperature, where the depth of the interaction potential is large compared with the thermal energy. Examples are singly charged ions in solvents of low dielectric constant and of highly charged ions in water. The state of the ions is discussed on the basis of thermodynamic, electrical conductance and dielectric constant data. Special attention is given to the transition to the fused salt, where ion clusters have to redissociate to form the dissociated structure of the salt. This transition can lead to liquid­liquid phase separations. The resulting critical points serve as important targets for testing theories. Examples are given for large deviations from corresponding-states behavior caused by specific short-range interactions.
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Cao, Wenli, Jian Qin, Jianguo Zhang, and Valery P. Sinditskii. "4,5-Dicyano-1,2,3-Triazole—A Promising Precursor for a New Family of Energetic Compounds and Its Nitrogen-Rich Derivatives: Synthesis and Crystal Structures." Molecules 26, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 6735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216735.

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The nitrogen-rich compounds and intermediates with structure of monocyclic, bicyclic, and fused rings based on 1,2,3-triazole were synthesized and prepared by using a promising precursor named 4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazole, which was obtained by the cyclization reaction of diaminomaleonitrile. Their structure and configurational integrity were assessed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis (EA). Additionally, fourteen compounds were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Meanwhile, the physical properties of four selected compounds (3·H2O, 6·H2O, 10·H2O, and 16) including thermal stability, detonation parameters, and sensitivity were also estimated. All these compounds could be considered to construct more abundant 1,2,3-triazole-based neutral energetic molecules, salts, and complex compounds, which need to continue study in the future in the field of energetic materials.
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Soós, T., Gy Hajós, and A. Messmer. "Novel Thermal Rearrangement of Fused Diaryl-v-Triazolium Salts to Neutral Indazole Derivatives. Fused Azolium Salts. 16†." Journal of Organic Chemistry 62, no. 4 (February 1997): 1136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo961749o.

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Nagahora, Noriyoshi, Kana Kitahara, Yoshiyuki Mizuhata, Norihiro Tokitoh, Kosei Shioji, and Kentaro Okuma. "Synthesis and Properties of Thiophene-Fused Thiopyrylium Salts." Journal of Organic Chemistry 85, no. 12 (May 25, 2020): 7748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c00364.

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SOOS, T., GY HAJOS, and A. MESSMER. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Thermal Rearrangement of Fused Diaryl-υ-triazolium Salts to Neutral Indazole Derivatives. Fused Azolium Salts. Part 16." ChemInform 28, no. 26 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199726060.

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NOMURA, Masato, and Yoshihito FUJIHARA. "Studies on the thermal decomposition of terpenes in mixed fused salts. VI. Thermal decomposition reaction of monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpene oxides in mixed fused salts." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 3 (1988): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1988.321.

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Pilania, Meenakshi, Mostofa Ataur Rohman, V. Arun, Manish Kumar Mehra, Sivaprasad Mitra, and Dalip Kumar. "An efficient synthesis of triazolium ion based NHC precursors using diaryliodonium salts and their photophysical properties." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 40 (2018): 7340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob01818a.

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Salleh, Zulzamri, Md Mainul Islam, and Jayantha Ananda Epaarachchi. "Thermal Expansion Properties of Fused Borosilicate Syntactic Foams." Nano Hybrids and Composites 23 (December 2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.23.39.

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The thermal properties such the coefficient thermal expansion, α (CTE) of fused borosilicate syntactic foam was determined using dimensional changes of a temperature gradient plot. The CTE was measured and found to be achieved the value lower than the vinyl ester resin matrix when mixing with different weight percentages of the glass microballoon ranging from 2 wt.% to 10 wt.% using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). These results showed that it has a strong relationship with the syntactic foam physical properties such density, radius ration,cavity porosity and matrix porosity. Experimental results showed that the CTE decreases when glass microballoons are added into the composites measured at different temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 70 °C. The CTE from the experimental results were also analysed using Turner’s modification model for composites for its suitability for thermal expansion of syntactic foams.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fused salts Thermal properties"

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DiGuilio, Ralph Michael. "The thermal conductivity of molten salts and concentrated aqueous salt solutions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11847.

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Amanuma, Kazushi. "Dielectric properties of PFN-PFT solid solution synthesized by the molten salt method." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020152/.

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Alawode, Olajide E. "Part 1: Mechanistic insights into the photochemistry of tetrazolethiones Part 2: Synthesis of phenanthridine-fused quinazoliniminium and computational investigation of their optoelectronic properties." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13652.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Chemistry
Sundeep Rayat
Research in our laboratory has focused on designing photoactivated DNA cleaving agents based on tetrazolethione scaffolds. The key step in the activation of these involves conversion of tetrazolethione moiety to carbodiimides upon irradiation. However, the mechanism of this reaction was not previously reported. Therefore, we undertook a study to elucidate the mechanism of photodecomposition of tetrazolethione as to identify reactive intermediates involved, that may interfere or aid with the activity of our synthesized DNA cleaving agents under physiological conditions. In Part 1 of this dissertation, we present mechanistic studies on this photodecomposition. Our results indicate the clean photoconversion of tetrazolethiones I to their respective carbodiimides IV via the expulsion of sulfur and dinitrogen. Photoirradiation in the presence of trapping agent (e.g. 1,4-cyclohexadiene) resulted into the formation of their corresponding thioureas. Thus, providing strong evidence for the intermediacy of a 1,3-biradical III, which is believed to be in its triplet spin multiplicity. Further investigations (triplet sensitization and quenching experiments) to determine the precursor of the biradical argued against the involvement of a triplet excited state (T[subscript]1). We believe that the mechanistic pathway that leads to the formation of a 1,3-triplet biradical III is a diradicaloid species II-II" generated directly from the singlet excited state of tetrazolethiones (S[subscript]1) after the expulsion of dinitrogen. Once formed, this diradicaloid species could be envisioned to undergo intersystem crossing to generate the 1,3 triplet biradical III which then undergoes desulfurization to form carbodiimides IV (Chapter 2). Bridgehead-nitrogen containing fused heterocycles are regarded as “privileged structure” in biology and have found widespread applications in pharmaceutical industry. These heterocycles have also been evaluated in electroluminescent devices and organic dyes. Part II of the dissertation present new, concise and low cost strategies to a unique class of bridgehead nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic scaffolds which involves two sequential intramolecular cyclizations from heteroenyne-allenes in the presence of Lewis acids such as SnCl[subscript]4 and BF[subscript]3.OEt[subscript]2, and trace water. The starting heteroenyne-allenes VI can be prepared from commercially available substrates V in 4 – 5 steps following standard protocols (Chapter 3). Furthermore, we employed density functional theory to gain insights into the optoelectronic properties of select derivatives of phenanthridine-fused quinazoliniminiums (PNQs) VII and their free base in order to evaluate their scope in OLED technology. Our results show that the energies of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO), Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, the ionization potentials, electron affinities and the reorganization energies can be finely tuned by varying the substituents on these chromophores. In addition, we found that the introduction of an electron donating group (NMe[subscript]2) on the PNQs and their free base increases the energies of the HOMOs and decreases the ionization potentials, relative to its unsubstituted derivative, whereas substitution by an electron withdrawing group (NO[subscript]2) decreases the energies of the LUMOs and increases the electron affinities which in turn suggests an improvement in their hole and electron creating abilities, respectively (Chapter 4).
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Goldblatt, Nicholas Zalmon. "The characterisation of manganese (IV) compounds and the study of the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate alone and with Mn(IV) and other oxides and salts." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5260.

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Manganese dioxide compounds are preferred curing agents for Polysulphide resins used as sealants in industry. These are required to have consistent setting characteristics and the investigation was initiated to characterise a number of proffered compounds of this type an to establish criteria by which an informed choice could be made of an optimum curing ages for a specific set of conditions. Several different chemical and physical properties were examined and critical parameters were established. A compound - sodium birnessite- was identified as a significant agent in the determination of curing properties. It was synthesised and its curing properties alone and in combination with other manganese dioxide compounds was evaluated. In an effort to find a specific reaction which might be used to characterise manganese dioxide curing agents it was decided to examine the classical reaction between these compounds and potassium chlorate. A literature search revealed major contradictions in the reported conditions under which potassium chlorate undergoes thermal decomposition as result of which it was decided to study the decomposition of potassium chlorate alone and in the presence of manganese dioxide and other catalysts. During this investigation a hitherto unreported high temperature structural change in potassium chlorate at 341° C was identified. The existence of this reversible change was confirmed by Powder Diffraction X-Ray analysis and an orthorhombic (near tetragonal) more open structure was assigned to it. It is suggested that the rapid decomposition of potassium chlorate in the solid state presence of catalysts is related to this change to a more open structure.
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Engkvist, Gustav. "Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed Nylon." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66304.

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This thesis presents a multiscale investigation and characterization of additive manufactured Polyamide material using fused deposition modelling technique. Manufacturing was performed using Markforgeds – Mark one 3D printer.  A multiscale investigation dedicated to minimizing the effect of shape distortion during 3D printing are presented, focusing on both molecular alignment in microstructure and implementing internal structures in mesostructure. Characterization on samples investigating microstructure was performed with coefficient of linear thermal expansion measurement and 3-point bending experiment. Different samples with varying infill patterns are tested and results indicates an isotropic behaviour through the manufactured samples and implies no molecular alignment due to printing pattern. In meso-structure, an implemented internal pattern is investigated. All samples are measured with 3D scanning equipment to localize and measure the magnitude of shape distortion. Attempts to find relationships in shape distortion and porosity between the samples resulted in no observed trends. Compressive experiments where performed on samples in axial- and transverse directions resulting in anisotropic behaviour. The largest compressive stiffness is recorded in axial direction reaching 0,33 GPa. The study is done in collaboration with Swerea SICOMP and Luleå University of Technology.
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Åkerlund, Elin. "Development of polymer based composite filaments for 3D printing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388554.

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The relatively new and still growing field of 3D-printing has opened up the possibilities to manufacture patient-specific medical devices with high geometrical accuracy in a precise and quick manner. Additionally, biocompatible materials are a demand for all medical applications while biodegradability is of importance when developing scaffolds for tissue growth for instance. With respect to this, this project consisted of developing biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer blend and composite filaments, for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as supporting polymer matrix while hydroxyapatite (HA), a calcium phosphate with similar chemical composition to the mineral phase of human bone, was added to the composites to enhance the biological activity. PLA and PCL content was varied between 90–70 wt% and 10-30 wt%, respectively, while the HA content was 15 wt% in all composites. All materials were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical composition and morphology. An accelerated degradation study of the materials was also executed in order to investigate the degradation behavior as well as the impact of the degradation on the above mentioned properties. The results showed that all processed materials exhibited higher mechanical properties compared to the human trabecular bone, even after degradation with a mass loss of around 30% for the polymer blends and 60% for the composites. It was also apparent that the mineral accelerated the polymer degradation significantly, which can be advantageous for injuries with faster healing time, requiring only support for a shorter time period.
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Ting, Tsai，Shu, and 蔡淑婷. "Effect of Salts on the Thermal Behaviors and Rheological Properties of Rice Starch During Gelatinization and Retrogradation." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89359007362495882995.

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Attoye, Samuel Osekafore. "A Study of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3-D Printing Using Mechanical Testing and Thermography." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/17670.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) represents one of the most common techniques for rapid proto-typing in additive manufacturing (AM). This work applies image based thermography to monitor the FDM process in-situ. The nozzle temperature, print speed and print orientation were adjusted during the fabrication process of each specimen. Experimental and numerical analysis were performed on the fabricated specimens. The combination of the layer wise temperature profile plot and temporal plot provide insights for specimens fabricated in x, y and z-axis orientation. For the x-axis orientation build possessing 35 layers, Specimens B16 and B7 printed with nozzle temperature of 225 C and 235 C respectively, and at printing speed of 60 mm/s and 100 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength. For the y-axis orientation build possessing 59 layers, Specimens B23, B14 and B8 printed with nozzle temperature of 215 C, 225 C and 235 C respectively, and at printing speed of 80 mm/s, 80 mm/s and 60 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus and yield strength, while the latter the highest ultimate tensile strength. For the z-axis orientation build possessing 1256 layers, Specimens B6, B24 and B9 printed with nozzle temperature of 235 C, 235 C and 235 ➦C respectively, and at printing speed of 80 mm/s, 80 mm/s and 60 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus and ultimate tensile strength, while B24 had the highest yield strength and B9 the lowest modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The results show that the prints oriented in the y-axis orientation perform relatively better than prints in the x-axis and z-axis orientation.
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Yu-WeiKuo and 郭又瑋. "Synthesis, investigation of crystal structures, thermal and magnetic properties of imidazolium and pyridinium salts of cobalt(Ⅱ) and manganese(Ⅱ)." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20604766857951594423.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學系碩博士班
100
It has been reported that the molten salts with dicationic system have higher magnetic susceptibility than monocationic counterion. It is an interesting discovery. However, the application of these kinds of molten salts are restricted because of their high melting point. In this study, we try to improve this drawback by increasing the carbon chain linked to two monocations of the molten salts. Besides, we also discuss the relationship between the carbon chain and magnetic susceptibility of these compounds. The salts consisting of dicationic (imidazolium, pyridinium) and transition metal-based anion (Co, Mn) are synthesized. The first type of dicationic salt, which contains [CoCl4]2-、[MnCl4]2- anions, is thermal stable and can soluble in polar solvents. The melting point of these compounds with long carbon chain linked to two monocations are lower than the reported examples. All compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions, and the carbon chain does not affect their magnetic susceptibility. The second type of dicationic salt, which contains [CoBrxCl(4-x)]2-、[MnBryCl(4-y)]2- anions, is thermal stable and can soluble in high polar solvents such as methanol and water. Magnetic measurements indicate these compounds are antiferromagnetic. Because of special structure, it is hard to judge whether magnetic susceptibility is affected by carbon chain or not.
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(5931008), Samuel Attoye. "A Study of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3-D Printing using Mechanical Testing and Thermography." Thesis, 2019.

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) represents one of the most common techniques for rapid proto-typing in additive manufacturing (AM). This work applies image based thermography to monitor the FDM process in-situ. The nozzle temperature, print speed and print orientation were adjusted during the fabrication process of each specimen.
Experimental and numerical analysis were performed on the fabricated specimens. The combination of the layer wise temperature profile plot and temporal plot provide insights
for specimens fabricated in x, y and z-axis orientation. For the x-axis orientation build possessing 35 layers, Specimens B16 and B7 printed with nozzle temperature of 225 ➦C and
235 ➦C respectively, and at printing speed of 60 mm/s and 100 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength. For the y-axis orientation build possessing 59 layers, Specimens B23, B14 and B8 printed with nozzle temperature of 215°C, 225°C and 235°C respectively, and at printing speed of 80 mm/s, 80 mm/s and 60 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus and yield strength, while the latter the highest ultimate tensile strength. For the z-axis orientation build possessing 1256 layers, Specimens B6, B24 and B9 printed with nozzle temperature of 235°C, 235°C and 235°C respectively, and at printing speed of 80 mm/s, 80 mm/s and 60 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus and ultimate tensile strength, while B24 had the highest yield strength and B9 the lowest modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The results show that the prints oriented in the y-axis orientation perform relatively better than prints in the x-axis and z-axis orientation.
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Books on the topic "Fused salts Thermal properties"

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Singh, Gurdip. Recent researches on thermolysis of energetic materials. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Janz, George J. Thermodynamic and transport properties for molten salts: Correlation equations for critically evaluated density, surface tension, electrical conductance, and viscosity data. Washington, D.C: published by the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics for the National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions. CRC, 2000.

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Stern, K. H. High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.

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Stern, Kurt H. High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.

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Stern, Kurt H. High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fused salts Thermal properties"

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Song, W. Q., and S. H. Masood. "Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Properties of a New Metal/Polymer Composite for Fused Deposition Modelling Process." In Materials Science Forum, 795–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.795.

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Engh, Thorvald Abel, Geoffrey K. Sigworth, and Anne Kvithyld. "Thermodynamics and Transport Properties." In Principles of Metal Refining and Recycling, 72–181. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811923.003.0002.

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The fundamentals of thermodynamics are reviewed, focusing on the chemistry of high-temperature metals, oxides (slags), and salts. Thermochemical data are provided for important molten metals: the free energies of solution of alloy elements, and interaction coefficients. Standard free energies of reactions are also provided, so the reader may calculate important chemical equilibria. Example calculations are provided for the deoxidation of steel. The removal of sulfur and phosphorus are also described. The second half of the chapter considers fundamental aspects of important physical properties: viscosity, surface tension, diffusion, and thermal and electrical conductivity.
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"Oxysalts of Chlorine." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 209–40. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-10.

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"Oxysalts of Bromine." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 241–56. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-11.

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"Oxysalts of Iodine." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 257–85. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-12.

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"Introduction." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 21–34. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-4.

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"Carbonates." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 35–72. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-5.

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"Sulfites." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 73–78. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-6.

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"Sulfates." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 79–154. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-7.

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"Nitrites and Nitrates." In High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, 155–204. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042344-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fused salts Thermal properties"

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Myers, Philip D., Abhinav Bhardwaj, D. Yogi Goswami, and Elias Stefanakos. "Chloride Salt Systems for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage: Properties and Applications." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49460.

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There is substantial potential to increase the operating temperatures of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, thereby increasing the Carnot efficiency. Coupled with viable thermal energy storage (TES) strategies, this would bring us closer to achieving the goals of the U.S. Department of Energy Sunshot Initiative. Current TES media employ molten inorganic salts (namely, nitrate salts) for thermal storage, but they are limited in application to lower temperatures: generally, below 600°C. While sufficient for parabolic trough power plants, these materials are inadequate for use with the higher operating temperatures achievable in solar power tower-type CSP plants. For these higher temperatures, chloride salts are more ideal candidate storage media, either for sensible heat storage in the molten salt (e.g, a dual-tank storage arrangement) or for sensible and latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) as phase change materials (PCMs). Their melting points and those of their eutectic mixtures cover a broad range of potential operating temperatures, up to and including 800.7°C, the melting point of pure NaCl. This paper examines these salt systems and presents relevant properties and potential applications in high temperature (>400°C) utility scale solar thermal power generation. A preliminary screening of pure chloride salts based on available literature yields a list of promising candidate salts. Eutectic mixtures of these salts are also considered; the eutectic systems were modeled using the thermodynamic database software, FactSage. Thermophysical properties (melting point, latent heat) are summarized for each salt system. Radiative properties are also addressed, since at these temperatures, thermal radiation can become a significant mode of heat transfer. Candidate containment materials and strategies are discussed, along with the attendant potential for corrosion. Finally, cost data for these systems are presented, allowing for meaningful comparison among these systems and other materials in the context of utility scale thermal energy storage units.
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Hamdy, Esraa, Shaker Ebrahim, Fuad Abulfotuh, and Moataz Soliman. "Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on thermal properties of nitrate molten salts." In 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2016.7983997.

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Iverson, Brian D., Joseph G. Cordaro, and Alan M. Kruizenga. "Thermal Property Testing of Nitrate Thermal Storage Salts in the Solid-Phase." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54159.

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Implementation of molten salt compounds as the heat transfer fluid and energy storage medium provides specific benefits to energy collection and conversion. Nitrate salts have been identified as a strong candidate for energy transfer and storage and have been demonstrated for use in these applications over time. As nitrate salts have solidification temperatures above ambient, concern for recovery from salt freezing events has instigated efforts to understand and predict this behavior. Accurate information of salt property behavior in the solid-phase is necessary for understanding recovery from a freeze event as well as for phase change thermal energy storage applications. Thermal properties for three representative salts (that span the range of melting temperatures from approximately 90–221 °C), have been obtained. These properties include specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. Specific heat and thermal conductivity were measured using differential scanning calorimetry.
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Podsiadły, Bartłomiej J., Andrzej Skalski, and Marcin Słoma. "Mechanical and thermal properties of ABS/iron composite for fused deposition modeling." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2019, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Maciej Linczuk. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2536837.

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Liang, Yannan, Jiemin Zhou, Ying Yang, Ye Wu, and Yanyan He. "The Experimental Research and Numerical Simulation on Thermal Properties of Molten Salt at Melting Point." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18084.

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The use of phase-change materials for latent heat storage is a new type of environmentally-friendly energy-saving technologies. Molten salts, one kind of phase-change materials, which have high latent heats, and whose phase transition temperatures match the high temperatures of heat engines, are the most widely used high-temperature phase-change heat storage materials. However, the heat transfer at solid/liquid phase interface belongs to Micro/Nanoscale Heat transfer, lots of the thermal properties of molten salt at melting point is difficult to test. In this investigation, based on the theory that the thermal conductivity can be determined by measuring the speed of the propagation of the solid/liquid phase interface during phase change, a set of system is developed to investigate the thermal conductivity of molten salts at liquid/solid phase transformation point. Meanwhile, mathematical calculation is applied to intuitively simulate the melting and solidifying process in the phase change chamber, by which the error could be analyzed and partly corrected and the result precision could also be increased. And a series of verification experiments have been performed to estimate the precision and the applicability of the measuring system to evaluate the feasibility of the method and measuring system. This research will pave the way to the follow-on research on heat storage at high temperature in industry.
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Yang, Bing-Chwen, Shr-Hau Huang, and Hsiang-Hui Lin. "Experimental Study of Thermal Energy Storage System." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1348.

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Abstract In this paper, the feasibility of phase change material that used for thermal energy storage in the range of 400 ∼ 600°C in the form of latent heat is examined for nine different salts and eutectic salts. The Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to perform the quantitative measurement of the phase change temperature (Tm) and latent heat (ΔH). The thermal properties of NaCl-CaCl2 at repeated heating and cooling cycles were studied with a heating chamber. The quality observation for this phase change material was also performed with this heating chamber to understand its physical phenomena during heating and cooling process. It is found that NaCl-CaCl2 is a good candidate of thermal energy storage material for its stable properties, low cost, and no toxic. Finally, the thermal storage unit with NaCl-CaCl2 as thermal energy storage material was tested to study and evaluate its performance as the application in the waste heat recovery system.
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Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba, Yousof Nayfeh, Baha El Far, and Donghyun Shin. "Use of Silica Coated Zinc Nanoparticles for Enhancement in Thermal Properties of Carbonate Eutectic Salt for Concentrated Solar Power Plants." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1710.

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Abstract Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most efficient mega-scale renewable Energy sources. However, the overall cost of energy production is not viable for commercial usage and supplanting with fossil fuels or energy produced by nuclear ways. Its operational cost mainly lies in the electrical and thermal systems of the plant. The thermal system comprises of heat storage and heat transfer system. Any enhancement to heat storage or transfer system will directly reduce the cost of operation and increase the yield. Conventionally, oils stable up to 400C were used to transfer and store heat, however more recently, molten salts have been operational in the field for purpose of heat transfer but still, their thermal storage and conduction are limited. The current work explores the possibility of boosting the thermal storage capacity of molten salts through the latent heat of added phase change materials and increasing the specific heat at the same time by adding silica encapsulated zinc nanoparticles. We studied the advantage of adding coated Zn nano-sized particles to carbonate eutectic mixture for enhanced thermal energy storage and heat capacity enhancement. Zinc particles (40nm–60nm) obtained from the commercial sources were coated with silica shells using the solgel process under alkaline conditions. The nano-capsules were then dispersed in a mixture of carbonate salts. A differential scanning calorimeter was employed to characterize the thermal properties of the mixture. Tranmission electron miocroscopy was employed to characterize nanoparticles and electron diffraction Spectroscopy was performed to characterize materials and strcutures involved.
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Pohanka, Michal, Keith A. Woodbury, and Jonathan Woolley. "Obtaining Temperature-Dependent Thermal Properties of Investment Casting Mold." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32433.

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An experiment is conducted to determine the temperature dependent thermal properties (k, ρcp) of a fused silica shell commonly used as a mold material for investment castings. The mold is constructed by building up alternating layers of binder and silica. Different binder and silica are used for the inner layer, resulting in a thin region with different thermal properties than the rest of the shell. A search algorithm based on the simplex method is used to determine the thermal properties of both kinds of layers by finding the minimum of the error between measured and computed temperatures. Two approaches are used to find the thermal conductivity: steady state and dynamic.
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Wang, Kai, Edgar Molina, Ghazal Dehghani, Ben Xu, Peiwen Li, Qing Hao, Pierre Lucas, Mohamad H. Kassaee, Sheldon M. Jeter, and Amyn S. Teja. "Experimental Investigation to the Properties of Eutectic Salts by NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 for Application as High Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6578.

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A group of eutectic ternary halide salts were surveyed and studied for the objective of developing a high temperature heat transfer fluid with a freezing point below 250°C and a low vapor pressure, below 1.0 atm, at temperatures up to 800°C. The studied salts include: 1) NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 with a mole fractions of 18.6%-21.9%-59.5% and a melting point of tm=213°C; 2) NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 with a mole fraction of 13.4%-33.7%-52.9% and a melting point of tm=204°C; and 3) NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 with mole fraction of 13.8%-41.9%-44.3% and a melting point of tm=229 °C. Vapor pressures of these salts at different temperatures were experimentally obtained using an in-house developed test facility. The results show that vapor pressures of all the three eutectic molten salts are below 1.0 atm at a temperature of 800 °C. The salt of ZnCl2-KCl-NaCl in mole faction of 44.3%-41.9%-13.8% has lowest vapor pressure which is only about 1.0 atm even at a temperature of 900 °C. Viscosities of these salts were measured in the temperature range from after melting to 850°C. At low temperatures near their melting points of the salts, the viscosities are about 16 × 10−3Pa s, while at high temperatures above 700°C the viscosities are around 4 × 10−3Pa s, which is satisfactorily low to serve as heat transfer fluid for circulation in a CSP system. Both the vapor pressure and the viscosities of the studied three eutectic salts demonstrated satisfaction to serve as high temperature heat transfer fluids. Other thermal and transport properties of these salts are expected to be reported in the future for screening out a satisfactory high temperature heat transfer fluid.
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Moukannaa, Samira, Ali Nazari, Ali Bagheri, Mohamed Loutou, and Rachid Hakkou. "Thermal resistance of alkaline fused phosphate sludge-based geopolymer mortar." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.073.

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The present study investigates the thermal behaviour of phosphate sludge-based geopolymers. Phosphate sludge which is a by-product from phosphate beneficiation processes was activated using the alkaline fusion method to improve the geopolymer activity of this material. Then, the mechanical properties as well as the thermal behaviour of the resulted geopolymer mortar were studied. The effect of sodium hydroxide addition and fusion temperature on the mechanical properties and the thermal behaviour of the geopolymers were assessed using compressive strength tests before and after thermal shock cycles at different temperatures (350, 500, 650 °C). The mineralogical composition of the fused materials was investigated using XRD measurement and the microstructure of the geopolymer mortars was studied using FTIR. The obtained results showed that NaOH content as well as the temperature of fusion are essential parameters controlling the structure and the strength of the developed geopolymeric gel. Exposure to elevated temperatures up to 650 °C induces a decrease in compressive strength between 58 and 71%. However, a further increase in the temperature of exposure till 800 °C induces a development of compressive strength. Overall, geopolymers with good compressive strength up to 40 MPa could be synthesized in the optimum conditions of fusion: 10% of NaOH and 550 °C.
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