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1
Al-Ani, R. A., M. A. Adhab, M. H. Mahdi, and H. M. Abood. "Rhizobium japonicum as a biocontrol agent of soybean root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina." Plant Protection Science 48, No. 4 (November 6, 2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2012-pps.
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The activity of Rhizobium japonicum against the soil-borne pathogens Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina as causative agents of soybean root rot disease in both culture medium and soil was evaluated. Rhizobial culture filtrate caused an inhibition of the fungal radial growth of Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina on potato dextrose agar medium amended with the filtrate compared with control. The addition of rhizobial culture suspension to the soil contaminated by the two pathogens, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina and their interaction, in pots, improved seed germination percentages and reduced the root rot disease index significantly. The sowing of rhizobial coated seeds in soil contaminated by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina separately and in combination, in the field, increased seed germination significantly and induced a high reduction in disease severity for the same previous combination under field conditions. These results indicate that rhizobia could be an important element in root rot disease management.
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Kukushkina, Kristina, Sofia Ovsyankina, and Sergei Khizhnyak. "Sensitivity of pathogens of helminthosporiosis and fusarium rot of grain crops in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe to seed protectants of various chemical composition." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 50 (April 19, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202122232.
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The article presents the results of studies on the sensitivity of pathogens of helminthosporiosis and fusarium rot of grain crops in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe to seed protectants of different chemical composition. Objects of research: Bipolaris sorokiniana (21 isolates) and Fusarium spp. (41 isolates) isolated from wheat roots. To conduct the experiment, the following protectants were used: Oplot, Vial Trust, Vitaros, Lamador, Maxim. The results of the studies showed that the regional population of B. sorokiniana demonstrates high sensitivity to the drug Vitaros, moderate sensitivity to the drugs Oplot, Lamador and Maxim, and low sensitivity to the drug Vial Trust, and regional representatives of R. Fusarium demonstrate high sensitivity to the drug Vitaros, moderate sensitivity to the drugs Lamador and Vial Trust, relatively low sensitivity to the drug Oplot and almost complete resistance to the drug Maxim The most effective drug for use in the territory of the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe has been determined. Keywords: CEREALS, WHEAT, HELMINTHOSPORIOSE ROT, FUSARIUM ROT, FUSARUIM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, KANSK-ACHINSK FOREST-STEPPE, PROTECTANTS, RESISTANCE, BULWARK, LAMADOR, VITAROS, VIAL TRUST, MAXIM, SEEDS
3
Li, Lina, Qing Qu, Zhiyan Cao, Zhengyu Guo, Hui Jia, Ning Liu, Yanhui Wang, and Jingao Dong. "The Relationship Analysis on Corn Stalk Rot and Ear Rot According to Fusarium Species and Fumonisin Contamination in Kernels." Toxins 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060320.
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Fusarium diseases, including corn root rot, sheath rot, stalk rot, and ear rot are frequently occurring in maize producing areas of China. Fusarium stalk rot and ear rot are the most serious diseases and often occur at the same time, but it is unclear whether there is a correlation between Fusarium composition and disease occurrence. This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the two diseases. A total of 49 corn stalk rot samples were collected from 15 regions of eight provinces in China from 2016 to 2018. The pathogens were isolated and identified separately from stalks, ear stems, and kernels. The contents of the fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) were detected in kernels. The results showed that the main Fusarium species were found in corn kernels, ear stems and stalks at the same time. The results showed that 1201 strains of Fusarium verticillioides, 668 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, 574 strains of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), 318 strains of Fusarium equiseti, 95 strains of Fusarium proliferatum, and 40 strains of Fusarium subglutinans were isolated from 1470 corn kernels, 245 ear stems, and 1225 stalks randomly selected from 49 samples. The contamination rate of fumonisins in the 49 samples was 57.1% with an average content of 1.9 μg/g, of which four samples exhibited higher levels as set by the European Commission (4.0 μg/g). These results provide a certain association between stalk rot and ear rot and lay a foundation to study the relationships among Fusarium maize diseases.
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Hagerty, Christina H., Tessa Irvine, Hannah M. Rivedal, Chuntao Yin, and Duncan R. Kroese. "Diagnostic Guide: Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat." Plant Health Progress 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-20-0091-dg.
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Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat is an economically important disease in most regions where winter wheat is grown. Fusarium crown rot is caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. This diagnostic guide details information to aid in field, molecular, and morphological diagnosis of Fusarium crown rot.
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Saad, Ahmed, Bethany Macdonald, Anke Martin, Noel L. Knight, and Cassandra Percy. "Winter Cereal Reactions to Common Root Rot and Crown Rot Pathogens in the Field." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102571.
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In Australia, Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum are the two main fungi causing crown rot, while Bipolaris sorokiniana is the causal agent of common root rot. Fusarium graminearum is typically linked with Fusarium head blight; however, it has been associated with crown rot in Australia and other parts of the world. This study investigated the reactions of single cultivars of barley, bread wheat, durum wheat, oat, and triticale to inoculation with strains of F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and B. sorokiniana in field trials across two seasons. Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum caused greater visual discolouration than F. graminearum and B. sorokiniana on both stems and sub crown internodes of all hosts. Fusarum pseudograminearum caused the greatest reduction in plant dry weight across hosts in both years. Durum wheat (cv. Hyperno) barley (cv. Grimmett), bread wheat (cv. Livingston) and triticale (cv. Endeavour) observed significantly high levels of visual discolouration on stems when inoculated with F. pseudograminearum, while oat (cv. Genie) exhibited the least visual discolouration. Despite variation in the visual discolouration, the DNA of all pathogens were detected in all cultivars. This research further highlights the complicated nature of the pathogen × strain × cultivar × environment interaction, which remains a challenge in breeding for genetic resistance. The specific infection of each fungus and the host responses in these field trials improves our understanding of disease development and its importance in cropping systems.
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Rahman, MA, ZR Moni, MA Hussen, and TH Ansari. "Prevalence Of Fungal Diseases In Medicinal Plants In Northern Region Of Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45306.
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A season wise survey was conducted on the fungal diseases of some important cultivated medicinal plants in two consecutive years 2014 and 2015 in the northern region of Bangladesh. Eleven fungal diseases namely root rot (Fusarium solani) and leaf blight (Alternaria alternata) of Ashwagandha, leaf spot (Curvularia lunata) and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Alovera, powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) and root rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Tulsi, collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) and leaf spot (Collettotrichum gloeosporioides) of Kalmegh, tuberous rot (Fusarium solani) and stem rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Satamuli, and root rot (Fusarium solani) of Basak were recorded. Most of the diseases were found in the rainy season’s comparative to other seasons. Among all the above-mentioned diseases, the powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) of Tulsi was found mainly in winter season. With the spreading of these fungal diseases on medicinal plants could be a set back to the industry associated with the formulation of its medicinal products. Therefore, this work may encourage other researchers to study these diseases further for development of proper management.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 197-212 (2019)
7
Kačergius, A., and D. Radaitienė. "Greenhouse test for the resistance to root and stem rot of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10547-pps.
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Root and stem rot caused by soil-borne agent Fusarium avenaceum is a major disease of wild Hypericum perforatum accessions in the field collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) of the Institute of Botany in Lithuania. These wild accessions of H. perforatum are growing as an initial material for breeding. In 1998–2001 the monitoring of epidemiological situation of field collection of H. perforatum showed differences among accessions considering the resistance to root rot. High intensity of root rot was observed in the third–fourth years of cultivation. The most damaged plants (> 50%) were among the accessions 219, 379, 381, and cv. Zolotodolinskaja. Fungi of the Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Verticillium genera were associated with H. perforatum roots together with the rot agent Fusarium avenaceum. Seven accessions from Lithuania and cv. Zolotodolinskaja of H. perforatum were tested for the resistance to root rot under greenhouse conditions. Two accessions (219, 381) were highly susceptible to the disease, another two (218, 383) were less susceptible, others were free of the symptoms of root rot. Accessions and single plants, survived after artificial infection, have been selected for further investigations.
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Grünwald, N. J., V. A. Coffman, and J. M. Kraft. "Sources of Partial Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot in the Pisum Core Collection." Plant Disease 87, no. 10 (October 2003): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.10.1197.
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Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, is one of the most important fungal diseases of pea and is found in most pea-growing areas around the world. Currently, no commercial cultivars are resistant to this pathogen. Availability of new sources of partial resistance could provide another tool for managing Fusarium root rot. In all, 387 accessions from the Pisum core collection were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot in two independent experiments. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity for each accession indicated that the two experiments corresponded well. Forty-four plant introduction lines with a disease severity rating of 2.5 or less on a 0-to-5 scale (where 5 = completely rotted) were selected as being partially resistant to root rot. Immunity to Fusarium root rot was not found. Comparison of disease resistance data for Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium root rot showed a weak, but significant and positive correlation. A complete listing of the data for the partial resistance of all accessions tested can be found at the National Plant Germplasm System website, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.
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Scruggs, A. C., and L. M. Quesada-Ocampo. "Etiology and Epidemiological Conditions Promoting Fusarium Root Rot in Sweetpotato." Phytopathology® 106, no. 8 (August 2016): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-16-0009-r.
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Sweetpotato production in the United States is limited by several postharvest diseases, and one of the most common is Fusarium root rot. Although Fusarium solani is believed to be the primary causal agent of disease, numerous other Fusarium spp. have been reported to infect sweetpotato. However, the diversity of Fusarium spp. infecting sweetpotato in North Carolina is unknown. In addition, the lack of labeled and effective fungicides for control of Fusarium root rot in sweetpotato creates the need for integrated strategies to control disease. Nonetheless, epidemiological factors that promote Fusarium root rot in sweetpotato remain unexplored. A survey of Fusarium spp. infecting sweetpotato in North Carolina identified six species contributing to disease, with F. solani as the primary causal agent. The effects of storage temperature (13, 18, 23, 29, and 35°C), relative humidity (80, 90, and 100%), and initial inoculum level (3-, 5-, and 7-mm-diameter mycelia plug) were examined for progression of Fusarium root rot caused by F. solani and F. proliferatum on ‘Covington’ sweetpotato. Fusarium root rot was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at lower temperatures (13°C), low relative humidity levels (80%), and low initial inoculum levels for both pathogens. Sporulation of F. proliferatum was also reduced under the same conditions. Qualitative mycotoxin analysis of roots infected with one of five Fusarium spp. revealed the production of fumonisin B1 by F. proliferatum when infecting sweetpotato. This study is a step toward characterizing the etiology and epidemiology of Fusarium root rot in sweetpotato, which allows for improved disease management recommendations to limit postharvest losses to this disease.
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Sever, Zdravka, Dario Ivić, Tomislav Kos, and Tihomir Miličević. "Identification of Fusarium Species Isolated From Stored Apple Fruit in Croatia / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2227.
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AbstractSeveral species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data.We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultivars Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Idared, and Pink Lady, stored in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) conditions. Fusarium rot was detected in 9.4 % to 33.2 % of naturally infected apples, depending on the cultivar. The symptoms were similar in all four cultivars: a soft circular brown necrosis of different extent, with or without visible sporulation. Fusarium species were identified by the morphology of cultures grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA). Twenty one isolates were identified as Fusarium avenaceum and confirmed as such with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer pair FA-ITSF and FA-ITSR. F. pseudograminearum,F. semitectum, F. crookwellense, and F. compactum were identified by morphological characteristics. F.avenaceum can produce several mycotoxins and its dominance in Fusarium rot points to the risk of mycotoxin contamination of apple fruit juices and other products for human consumption. Pathogenicity tests showed typical symptoms of Fusarium rot in most of the inoculated wounded apple fruits. In this respect Fusarium avenaceum, as the dominant cause of Fusarium rot in stored apple fruits is a typical wound parasite.
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Wyenandt, Christian A., Richard M. Riedel, Landon H. Rhodes, Mark A. Bennett, and Steven G. P. Nameth. "Survey of Fusarium spp. Associated with Fruit Rot of Pumpkin in Ohio." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0827-01-rs.
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From 2000 to 2002 commercial pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fields in Ohio were surveyed for Fusarium fruit rot. From six counties in 2000, 2001, and 2002, a total of 43 isolates from eight farms, 84 isolates from nine farms, and 40 isolates from six farms were collected, respectively. Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 was the most commonly isolated Fusarium species from infected pumpkin fruit in Ohio. Other Fusaria isolated from infected fruit included F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. acuminatum. A survey of infected pumpkin fruit in the field and inoculation studies of mature, healthy pumpkin cultivar Magic Lantern in the laboratory resulted in three types of fruit rot symptoms. Type 1, caused by F. oxysporum and F. acuminatum, resulted in a slow-expanding rot just below the rind surface of the infected fruit. Type 2, caused by F. graminearum, resulted in an expanding, slightly sunken, irregular rot of the rind surface. Type 3, caused by F. solani resulted in expanding, circular sunken lesions on the fruit surface bearing white to tan sporodochia. This is the first report of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1, F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, and F. graminearum causing fruit rot of pumpkin in Ohio. Accepted for publication 26 July 2010. Published 27 August 2010.
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Butrón, A., R. Santiago, A. Cao, L. F. Samayoa, and R. A. Malvar. "QTLs for Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot in a Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Maize Population." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (May 2019): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-18-1669-re.
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Alternative approaches to linkage and association mapping using inbred panels may allow further insights into loci involved in resistance to Fusarium ear rot and lead to the discovery of suitable markers for breeding programs. Here, the suitability of a maize multiparent advanced-generation intercross population for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Fusarium ear rot resistance was evaluated and found to be valuable in uncovering genomic regions containing resistance-associated loci in temperate materials. In total, 13 putative minor QTLs were located over all of the chromosomes, except chromosome 5, and frequencies of favorable alleles for resistance to Fusarium ear rot were, in general, high. These findings corroborated the quantitative characteristic of resistance to Fusarium ear rot in which many loci have small additive effects. Present and previous results indicate that crucial regions such as 210 to 220 Mb in chromosome 3 and 166 to 173 Mb in chromosome 7 (B73-RefGen-v2) contain QTLs for Fusarium ear rot resistance and fumonisin content.
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Bilgi, V. N., C. A. Bradley, S. D. Khot, K. F. Grafton, and J. B. Rasmussen. "Response of Dry Bean Genotypes to Fusarium Root Rot, Caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Under Field and Controlled Conditions." Plant Disease 92, no. 8 (August 2008): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-8-1197.
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Fusarium root rot of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, is a major yield-limiting disease in North Dakota and Minnesota. Although a few sources of partial resistance are available, most commercial cultivars grown in this region are susceptible, especially in the red kidney bean market class. This study evaluated three methods of screening for resistance to Fusarium root rot. A sand-cornmeal inoculum layer method, spore suspension method, and paper towel method were used to evaluate 11 dry bean genotypes for resistance to Fusarium root rot under growth-chamber conditions. These same genotypes were also evaluated in field trials at Fargo, ND, and Park Rapids and Perham, MN, in 2005. In all trials, the small red genotype VAX 3 was found to have a consistently high level of resistance to Fusarium root rot and could be used as a source of resistance by dry bean breeders. Correlation analyses between field and growth-chamber root rot ratings indicated that all three growth-chamber methods had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlations with field results from Perham and Fargo, which suggests that all three methods could be used to screen germplasm efficiently for resistance to Fusarium root rot.
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Yu, Haitian, Kan-Fa Chang, Sheau-Fang Hwang, and Stephen E. Strelkov. "Characterization of the Virulence and Yield Impact of Fusarium Species on Canola (Brassica napus)." Plants 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173020.
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Multiple species of Fusarium can contribute to the development of root rot in canola (Brassica napus), making disease management difficult. We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to investigate the impacts of Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium proliferatum, and the interaction between Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum on root rot severity and canola yields. Inoculation with any of the three Fusarium spp. resulted in significant disease severity and reduced seedling emergence compared with non-inoculated controls, leading to yield reductions of up to 35%. Notably, there was a strong correlation (r = 0.93) between root rot severity at the seedling stage and at maturity. Regression analysis indicated a linear decline in seedling emergence with increasing disease severity. Furthermore, disease severity at maturity adversely affected the pod number per plant and the seed weight per plant, with both parameters ultimately approaching zero at a severity of 4.0 on a 0–4 scale. Co-inoculation with F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum induced more severe root rot than inoculation with each species on its own, suggesting synergistic interactions between these fungi. Knowledge of these interactions and the relative virulence of Fusarium spp. will contribute to the improved management of root rot in canola.
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Stefańczyk, Emil, and Sylwester Sobkowiak. "Isolation, Identification and Preservation of Fusarium Spp. Causing Dry Rot of Potato Tubers." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 76, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2017-0020.
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Abstract Fungi of the genus Fusarium cause dry rot, a potato disease which develops during long-term storage of tubers. The disease-inducing capabilities differ among Fusarium spp., but may also vary within species universally considered main dry rot agents. Identification of Fusarium spp. present on diseased tubers in a surveyed area can help minimize crop losses and mycotoxin contamination by, for example, applying proper fungicides or planning crop rotation. Here, we present a procedure of obtaining single spore colonies of Fusarium spp. from potato tubers infected by dry rot, their identification using molecular methods and ways of preservation.
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Zhang, J. X., A. G. Xue, H. J. Zhang, A. E. Nagasawa, and J. T. Tambong. "Response of soybean cultivars to root rot caused by Fusarium species." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09133.
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Fusarium root rot complex is a major soybean disease in Canada and the United States. Since 2006, four Fusarium species, F. oxysporum Schlechtendahl emend. Snyder & Hansen, F. graminearum Schwabe, F. avenaceum (Corda: Fr.) Sacc., and F. tricinctum (Corda) Sacc., have frequently been isolated from soybean roots in eastern Ontario, Canada. The objective of the current study was to screen 57 soybean cultivars that are commercially available in Canada for resistance to these four Fusarium root rot pathogens under greenhouse conditions. Based on root rot severity and reductions in seedling emergence, plant height and root dry weight, F. avenaceum was the most pathogenic species, followed by F. graminearum. The pathogenicity of F. oxysporum on soybean cultivars was not significantly different from that of F. tricinctum, but was significantly lower than that of F. graminearum. In replicated experiments, six, nine, eleven and seven cultivars were consistently rated as the most resistant to F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. tricinctum, respectively. Cultivar Maple Amber was resistant to all four Fusarium species based on root rot severity, while cultivar Altona was resistant to F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum and F. tricinctum. Four cultivars, 9004, AC Harmony, Lanark and Maple Arrow, each showed resistance to two different Fusarium species.Key words: Soybean, Glycine max, Fusarium root rot, Fusarium oxysporum, F. graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum
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Şopterean, Laura, Ana-Maria Vălean, Roxana Călugăr, Felicia Mureșanu, Carmen Puia, and Alexandra Loredana Suciu. "Study on the Isonuclear Inbred Lines Reaction under Natural Infection Conditions with Fusarium spp." Romanian Agricultural Research 35 (2018): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3516.
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The fusarium ear rot caused by pathogens belonging to Fusarium genus is one of the most important diseases responsible for high economic losses, resulting from the decline of the production’s quantity and quality. The objective of the present study was the identification of sources of cytoplasm that convey resistance to fusarium ear rot within certain inbred isonuclear lines. Twenty five maize inbred lines: 20 isonuclear inbreds (obtained by transferring the nucleus of five elite inbred lines on four different cytoplasms) and five lines using the original cytoplasm were studied in three experimental years 2012, 2013 and 2014. The analysis of variance for fusarium ear rot showed the very significant influence of factors years and nucleus and the significant action of the cytoplasm. The resistance to fusarium ear rot of each isonuclear line was compared to the line with original cytoplasm, over the three years of the experiment. Genetic variability within isonuclear groups regarding the resistance to fusarium ear rot was observed. The greatest difference in the degree of attack on the maize cob in comparison with the original cytoplasm (-4.92%), was noted for isoline TB 243 x TB 329, which showed a very significantly negative difference. Changing cytoplasm resulted in genotypes with a good resistance to the Fusarium spp. attack; therefore the use of these genotypes is recommended in creating of new hybrids.
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Juariyah, Siti, Efi Toding Tondok, and Meity Suradji Sinaga. "Trichoderma dan Gliocladium untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, no. 6 (February 27, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.6.196.
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Trichoderma and Gliocladium for Controling Fusarium Root Rot Disease of Oil Palm SeedlingsFusarium spp. have been reported as the causal agent of common spear rot and crown rot diseases on oil palm. An effective strategy to control these diseases is not available yet. This research was aimed to find biocontrol agents for effective control of crown rot disease on oil palm seedlings caused by Fusarium spp. The experiment consisted of 3 parts i.e. pathogenicity test of 3 isolates of Fusarium, identification and in vitro test of biocontrol agents, and in planta test of biocontrol agents against Fusarium spp. In vitro test was done through dual culture test and test for volatile compound produced by the biocontrol agents. In planta test was conducted through inoculation of Fusarium spp. into oil palm seedlings growing on medium containing selected biocontrol agents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens, T. inhamatum, and Gliocladium fimbriatum. In vitro test showed that Gliocladium fimbriatum 1 and 2 were inhibited effectively the growth of Fusarium spp. on the dual culture test, whereas T. harzianum Gadingrejo 2 was inhibited effectively the growth of Fusarium spp. on volatile compound test. The application of biocontrol agents was effective to protect oil palm seedlings from Fusarium spp. infection.
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Kamali-Sarvestani, Sahar, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Fatemeh Salmaninezhad, and Santa Olga Cacciola. "Fusarium and Neocosmospora Species Associated with Rot of Cactaceae and Other Succulent Plants." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040364.
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Infections by Fusarium and Fusarium-like species on cacti and other succulent plants cause the syndrome known as Fusarium dry rot and soft rot. There are only few records of Fusarium species as pathogens of cacti and other succulent plants from Iran. The objective of this study was the identification and characterization of fusarioid species recovered from ornamental succulents in Shiraz County, Iran. Three fusarioid species, including F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and Neocosmospora falciformis (formerly F. falciforme), were recovered from 29 diverse species of cacti and other succulents with symptoms of Fusarium dry rot and soft rot. The three fungal species were identified on the basis of morphological characters and the phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor1-α (tef1) nuclear gene. The F. oxysporum isolates were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. opuntiarum. The pathogenicity of the three fusarioid species was tested on a range of economically important ornamental succulents, mostly in the Cactaceae family. The three species showed a broad host spectrum and induced different types of symptoms on inoculated plants, including soft and dry rot, chlorosis, necrotic spots, wilt, drying, root and crown rot. This is the first report of N. falciformis as a pathogen of succulent plants worldwide.
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Vetrova, Svetlana, Ksenia Alyokhina, Irina Engalycheva, Elena Kozar, Kseniya Mukhina, Maria Sletova, Leonid Krivenkov, et al. "Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Basal Rot in the Moscow Region of Russian Federation." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2024): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10050331.
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Fusarium basal rot of onions causes large losses during storage of commercial production of onion bulbs, which in turn adversely affects the food market situation in the off-season period. There are no data on the composition of Fusarium spp., which causes onion basal rot in the Russian Federation. Therefore, our research was aimed at Fusarium spp. causing onion basal rot in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation and studying the pathogenicity of these species for the host plant. We studied 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from affected mature bulbs and seed bulbs. Species identification of the isolates was carried out using analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the three genetic loci ITS, tef1 and rpb2, as well as was based on the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of these isolates. As a result, the species F. annulatum (F. fujikuroi species complex), F. oxysporum (F. oxysporum species complex), F. acuminatum (F. tricinctum species complex) and F. solani (F. solani species complex) were identified to involve in the pathogenesis of Fusarium basal rot. We have shown for the first time that the species F. annulatum and F. acuminatum are highly aggressive and capable of causing onion basal rot. The predominant species were F. annulatum and F. oxysporum. The proportion of these species in the total number of analyzed isolates was 60% and 25%, respectively. The largest proportion (33%) of highly aggressive on mature bulbs isolates was found in the species F. annulatum. The data obtained provide practical insights for developing strategies to manage Fusarium fungi responsible for onion basal rot Moscow Region of the Russian Federation. In addition, data about species composition and aggressive isolates may be used in onion breeding for resistance to Fusarium basal rot.
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Liu, Yingying, Xuena Wei, Feng Chang, Na Yu, Changhong Guo, and Hongsheng Cai. "Distribution and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Soybean Root Rot in Northeast China." Plant Pathology Journal 39, no. 6 (December 1, 2023): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2023.0086.
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<i>Fusarium</i> root rot is an increasingly severe problem in soybean cultivation. Although several <i>Fusarium</i> species have been reported to infect soybean roots in Heilongjiang province, their frequency and aggressiveness have not been systematically quantified in the region. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and distribution of <i>Fusarium</i> species that cause soybean root rot in Heilongjiang province over two years. A total of 485 isolates belonging to nine <i>Fusarium</i> species were identified, with <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i> being the most prevalent. Pot experiments were conducted to examine the relative aggressiveness of different <i>Fusarium</i> species on soybean roots, revealing that <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i> were the most aggressive pathogens, causing the most severe root rot symptoms. The study also assessed the susceptibility of different soybean cultivars to <i>Fusarium</i> root rot caused by <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>. The results indicated that the soybean cultivar DN51 exhibited the most resistance to both pathogens, indicating that it may possess genetic traits that make it less susceptible to <i>Fusarium</i> root rot. These findings provide valuable insights into the diversity and distribution of <i>Fusarium</i> species that cause soybean root rot and could facilitate the development of effective management strategies for this disease.
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Lee, J. W., P. D. Colyer, and S. S. Quisenberry. "The Effect of Insect Defoliation on the Presence and Severity of Fusarium Crown-Rot in Alfalfa." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.2.253.
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Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (‘Fla. 77’) was inoculated with three different isolates of Fusarium and defoliated to varying levels with yellowstriped armyworms, Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée), to determine the effect of insect defoliation on the development of crown-rot under greenhouse conditions. There were no significant interactions between short-term insect defoliation and Fusarium crown-rot on forage quality, yield, or root carbohydrate reserves. Although insect defoliation alone did reduce plant height, yield, and maturity (18, 33, and 30% respectively) at the first harvest, no significant effects were observed at two subsequent harvests. Of the three isolates tested, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht was the most virulent. Short-term defoliation did not increase the severity of Fusarium crown-rot in alfalfa.
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Gromadzka, K., K. Górna, J. Chełkowski, and A. Waśkiewicz. "Mycotoxins and related Fusarium species in preharvest maize ear rot in Poland." Plant, Soil and Environment 62, No. 8 (August 12, 2016): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/119/2016-pse.
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This work presents a survey on mycotoxins (seasons 2013 and 2014) and Fusarium species (seasons from 1985 to 2014) in maize ear rot in Poland. Twelve mycotoxins were identified in maize kernel samples exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium ear rot or rotten kernels at the harvest in two locations in Poland during the seasons 2013 and 2014. This is the first complex survey on the co-occurrence of four Fusarium mycotoxin groups in maize kernels: the group of the mycohormone zearalenone; the group of trichothecenes – deoxynivalenol and nivalenol; the group of fumonisins; and the group of cyclic hexadepsipeptides – beauvericin and enniatins; and in addition, moniliformin. Four Fusarium species were identified in preharvest maize ear rot in the 2013 and 2014 harvests namely:<br /> F. graminearum, F. poae, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides. Since 1985, eleven Fusarium species have been identified in 13 investigation seasons. Apart from those mentioned above, F. avenaceum, F. cerealis, F. culmorum and<br /> F. sporotrichioides were observed with irregular frequencies, and three species, i.e. F. proliferatum, F. tricinctum and F. equiseti, were identified sporadically. A significant increase of F. verticillioides frequency and a decrease of F. subglutinans frequency and changes of mycotoxin profile have been observed in the two decades since 1995.
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Pastirčák, M., M. Lemmens, and A. Šrobárová. "Reaction of maize hybrids to ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10557-pps.
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Ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph stage: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) is a destructive disease of maize. In our experiment we tested twenty maize hybrids. Two inoculation techniques differing in the way of application of a macro-conidial suspension, were evaluated for their effectiveness in assessing maize resistance to ear rot. Based on the results of one season, highly significant differences in sensitivity to Fusarium ear rot between genotypes for all variants under mist irrigation and without mist irrigation, were detected.
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ȘOPTEREAN, Laura, Loredana SUCIU, Ana Maria VĂLEAN, Felicia MUREŞANU, and Carmen PUIA. "The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 74, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12658.
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The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.
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Tagele, Setu, Sang Kim, Hyun Lee, and Youn Lee. "Aggressiveness and Fumonisins Production of Fusarium Subglutinans and Fusarium Temperatum on Korean Maize Cultivars." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020088.
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Fusarium root rot and stalk rot are becoming a threat to maize production worldwide. However, there is still limited information about the aggressiveness of Fusarium subglutinans Edwards and Fusarium temperatum and their relationship with fumonisin production. In this study, for the first time, the reaction of seven Korean maize cultivars to F. subglutinans and F. temperatum was investigated. The results showed that among the maize cultivars, Hik-chal and Miheung-chal had the highest Fusarium-induced root rot and stalk rot severity, while De Hack-chal had the lowest disease severity regardless of the Fusarium species. Furthermore, the disease resistant cv. De Hack-chal accumulated low levels of fumonisins (FUM) in the infected stalk, while cv. Hik-chal and Miheung-chal had the highest level of FUM. It is worth to note that, plants infected with F. temperatum had a higher FUM concentration compared to cultivars infected with F. subglutinans. The present study shows a significant correlation between stalk rot ratings and FUM levels and it also presents new information about the potential risk of FUM contamination of maize stalk with F. subglutinans and F. temperatum in South Korea. In addition, enzyme activities like polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and the amount of total phenol content (TPC) were studied in selected susceptible cultivar Miheung-chal and resistant cultivar De Hack-chal. The activity of PPO, POD and concentration of TPC were generally higher in the roots of the resistant cultivar than the susceptible cultivar. Moreover, following inoculation of either F. subglutinans or F. temperatum, there was a significant increase in PPO and POD activity in the roots of both cultivars. Hence, the information provided in this study could be helpful to better understand the mechanisms of resistance response to infection of Fusarium root rot pathogens.
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Stevens, C., V. A. Khan, J. L. Lu, C. L. Wilson, E. Chalutz, M. K. Kabwe, and Z. Haung. "INDUCED RESISTANCE RESPONSE OF SWEETPOTATO TO FUSARIUM ROOT ROT BY UV-HORMESIS." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 493e—493. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.493e.
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Jewel sweetpotato storage roots previously treated with ultraviolet (UV–C) light and then stored for 30 days before artificial inoculation with Fusarium solani showed increased resistance to Fusarium root rot; as indicated by reduced lesion size, the rate of decay development of rotted tissues. There was a hormetic relationship between the incidence of Fusarium root rot and UV–C doses. The optimum dose of UV which reduced Fusarium root rot was 3.6× 104 ergs/mm2. Exposure of sweetpotato to UV–C doses promoted phenylalanine ammonia–lyase (PAL)4 production with the maximum PAL activity occurring at 3.6×104 ergs/mm2. Crude extracts from UV–C treated sweetpotatoes reduced germination, germ tube elongation and growth of F. solani when compared to untreated extracts.
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Mohammed, Sabah R., Ivan D. Eskov, and Elsayed M. Zeitar. "Combined Influence of Chitosan and Calcium Chloride on Fusarium Dry Rot Disease Under Field Conditions." Open Agriculture Journal 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010339.
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Background: Fusarium dry rot disease caused by Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel (F. sambucinum) can infect the potato tubers in the field and during storage. Yield losses by F. sambucinum reach 60%. Traditional methods to control Fusarium dry rot are fungicides application, which led to developing many isolates resistant to these fungicides. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and chitosan, alone or in combination, on plant development, tuber yield, and Fusarium dry rot disease incidence under field conditions. Methods: Soil inoculated with F. sambucinum before planting. We treated the seed tubers with CaCl2 (0.5 or 1%), chitosan 0.5%, or both. The foliage was sprayed twice with CaCl2 (0.5 or 1%), 0.1% chitosan, or both. During the vegetation period, growth parameters, such as germination (%), plant height (cm), and branches number per plant, were measured. At harvest, we calculated the total and the marketable number of tubers and tuber yield. In addition, during storage, we assessed the incidence of Fusarium dry rot disease on tubers. Results: Results revealed that combined pre-planting application with 1% CaCl2 and 0.5% chitosan with 2 hours intervals, then spraying foliar with 1% CaCl2 and 0.1% chitosan twice with ten days intervals starting at 40 days after planting resulted in: a) increasing the germination, enhancing the growth parameters such as plant height and branches number per plant; b) enhancing the marketable tuber yield by 75.2 and 97.6% in Sante and Kolobok varieties, respectively; c) reducing Fusarium dry rot disease incidence by 61.9-72.7%. Conclusion: The work highlighted that the combined pre-planting and foliar application of CaCl2 and chitosan might be recommended for potato producers to reduce the incidence of Fusarium dry rot disease and augment yields.
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Zhang, Xiang-xiang, Hai-yan Sun, Cheng-mei Shen, Wei Li, Han-shou Yu, and Huai-gu Chen. "Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China." Plant Disease 99, no. 11 (November 2015): 1610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0422-re.
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Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.
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Xue, Huali, Qili Liu, and Zhimin Yang. "Pathogenicity, Mycotoxin Production, and Control of Potato Dry Rot Caused by Fusarium spp.: A Review." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2023): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9080843.
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Fusarium dry rot is one of the major potato diseases during storage after harvest, which not only results in quality degradation but also causes great economic losses. The disease can be elicited by some species of Fusarium, and the pathogenic fungi of Fusarium causing potato dry rot are considerably diverse in various countries and regions. The disease caused by Fusarium spp. is associated with mycotoxins accumulation, which has phytotoxic and mycotoxic effects on humans and animals. Chemical synthetic fungicide is considered the main control measure for the Fusarium dry rot of potato; nevertheless, it is unfortunate that persistent application inevitably results in the emergency of a resistant strain and environmental contamination. A comprehensive disease control strategy includes potato cultivar selection, appropriate cultural practices (crop rotation, cultivate pattern, fertilization, and irrigation), harvesting processes and postharvest treatments (harvesting, classification, packaging, wound healing), and storage conditions (environmental disinfection, temperature, humidity and gas composition) along with the application of fungicide pre-harvest or post-harvest. Recently, emerging studies have indicated that eco-friendly strategies include physical control, chemical methods (such as the application of generally-recognised-as-safe (GRAS) compounds or chemical (elicitors) and biological control have been introduced to combat the Fusarium dry rot of potato.
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Narkiewicz-Jodko, Małgorzata, Zygmunt Gil, and Marek Urban. "Stem base rot of winter wheat by Fusarium spp. - causes and effects." Acta Agrobotanica 58, no. 2 (2012): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2005.058.
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The aim of the work was to determine the influence of weather conditions and a degree of weed infestation on the incidence of stem bases rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.) of winter wheat cultivars as well as their yield. The winter wheat cultivars (Kobra, Korweta, Mikon, Zyta) were investigated (2000-2002) in the field where the following herbicides: Apyros 75 WG + Atpolan, Affinity 50,75 WG, Attribut 70 WG were applied. It has been shown the occurrence of stem base rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.) depended mainly on weather conditions. The application of the herbicides improved the plant health. The stem base rot on winter wheat was caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp., specially <i>F. culmorum</i>. The decrease in winter wheat yield depended on weather conditions, weed infestation and the occurrence of stem base rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.).
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Šrobárová, A., and Š. Eged. "Trichoderma and sulphoethyl glucan reduce maize root rot infestation and fusaric acid content." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No, 7 (November 19, 2011): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3593-pse.
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Roots of maize seedlings (cv. Pavla) infested by Fusarium verticillioides (10<sup>5</sup>/ml) were cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium (MSM, Sigma, USA) containing CaCl<sub>2</sub>,IAA and kinetin. Simultaneously, a strain of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma sp. and a sulphoethyl glucan (SEG) isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were added. Two evaluations (on 7 and 14 days) were done. Productivity parameters of leaves and roots (fwt, dwt, and length), disease severity index (DSI) and fusaric acid (FA) concentration were evaluated. Both Trichoderma sp. and SEG increased productivity parameters of plants in infested variants and maintained it on the level of control plants during 14 days of experiment. Trichoderma reduced the DSI, while SEG increased it. DSI correlated with FA concentration. After seven days of cultivation concentration of FA was lower in all infected variants cultivated concomitantly with agents, compared with the one without them. After 14 days of cultivation both agents reduced the concentration of FA up to 50% to the non-measurable concentration in variant with Trichoderma. In variant with positive control, where FA was added to SEG, its concentration decreased up to 30%.
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Tu, J. C. "Effects of soil compaction, temperature, and moisture on the development of the Fusarium root rot complex of pea in southwestern Ontario." Phytoprotection 75, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706059ar.
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The pea root rot complex (Fusarium spp.) is known to be affected by compaction, temperature, and moisture of the soils. This paper reports the effects of these factors on root rot severity and pea (Pisum sativum) growth tested in a controlled environment, using a Fusarium-infested soil collected from a field with a severe root rot history. For each factor, several increments were used. The results showed that in a controlled environment, an increase in soil bulk density due to compaction significantly increased root rot incidence and disease severity, and drastically reduced the fresh weight of pea plants. Stepwise increases in soil temperature from 10 to 30°C resulted in increases in estimated root rot severity and foliar symptom expression. Pea plants grown in soil moisture at 75% of field capacity had significantly lower Fusarium root rot incidence and severity than those grown in soil at 100%, 50% or 25% of field capacity. Pea plants subjected to temporary flooding exhibited an increased root rot incidence and severity as the duration of flooding increased from 1 to 5 d.
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BACON, CHARLES W., and PAUL E. NELSON. "Fumonisin Production in Corn by Toxigenic Strains of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.6.514.
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The fungi Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg produce a series of toxins on corn which include the fumonisins of which fumonisin B1 and B2 are considered to have cancer promoting activity. Both fungi produce similar ratios of the fumonisins B1 to B2. Other mycotoxins produced include moniliformin, fusarin C and fusaric acid. Fumonisin B1 has been shown to be responsible for most of the toxicological affects observed from ingesting corn infected by toxigenic isolates of these fungi. The distribution of the two fungi is generally similar, although F. proliferatum is isolated more frequently from sorghum than corn. They occur worldwide on other food crops, such as rice, sorghum, millet, several fruits and vegetables. Both fungi are ear rot pathogens of corn, thus, mycotoxin production occurs under field conditions, although it also may occur in storage. One or both fungi may have a frequency of occurrence of 90% or higher in corn; 90% of the F. moniliforme isolates produce the fumonisins. On corn and corn products the range of concentrations reported is 0.3 to 330 μg/g of corn-based product. These concentrations include both corn-based animal feed and human foods.
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Saad, Ahmed, Bethany Macdonald, Anke Martin, Noel L. Knight, and Cassandra Percy. "Comparison of disease severity caused by four soil-borne pathogens in winter cereal seedlings." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 5 (2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20245.
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In Australia, crown rot of cereals is predominantly caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium culmorum, and common root rot by Bipolaris sorokiniana. Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen causing Fusarium head blight worldwide and has also been reported to cause crown rot of wheat. The comparative ability of F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and B. sorokiniana to cause crown rot and common root rot across a range of winter cereal species requires investigation. In glasshouse trials, we inoculated one cultivar each of barley, bread wheat, durum wheat, oat and triticale with two strains of each of the four pathogens. At 21 days after inoculation, the sub-crown internode and leaf sheaths of each plant were visually rated for brown discoloration. Shoot length and dry weight of inoculated plants were compared with those of non-inoculated controls. Barley and bread wheat had the highest disease severity ratings on leaf sheaths and sub-crown internode (64.7–99.6%), whereas oat had the lowest disease severity ratings across all pathogens (<5%). The shoot length of all cultivars was significantly reduced (by 12.2–55%, P < 0.05) when exposed to F. pseudograminearum. This study provides a comparison of pathogenicity of crown rot and common root rot pathogens and demonstrates significant variation in visual discoloration and host response across a range of winter cereals.
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Arias, María M. Díaz, Leonor F. Leandro, and Gary P. Munkvold. "Aggressiveness of Fusarium Species and Impact of Root Infection on Growth and Yield of Soybeans." Phytopathology® 103, no. 8 (August 2013): 822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-12-0207-r.
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Fusarium spp. are commonly isolated from soybean roots but the pathogenic activity of most species is poorly documented. Aggressiveness and yield impact of nine species of Fusarium were determined on soybean in greenhouse (50 isolates) and field microplot (19 isolates) experiments. Root rot severity and shoot and root dry weights were compared at growth stages V3 or R1. Root systems were scanned and digital image analysis was conducted; yield was measured in microplots. Disease severity and root morphology impacts varied among and within species. Fusarium graminearum was highly aggressive (root rot severity >90%), followed by F. proliferatum and F. virguliforme. Significant variation in damping-off (20 to 75%) and root rot severity (<20 to >60%) was observed among F. oxysporum isolates. In artificially-infested microplots, root rot severity was low (<25%) and mean yield was not significantly reduced. However, there were significant linear relationships between yield and root symptoms for some isolates. Root morphological characteristics were more consistent indicators of yield loss than root rot severity. This study provides the first characterization of aggressiveness and yield impact of Fusarium root rot species on soybean at different plant stages and introduces root image analysis to assess the impact of root pathogens on soybean.
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PARRA, María Ängeles, Javier GÓMEZ, Fulgencio Wadi AGUILAR, and Juan Antonio MARTINEZ. "Fusarium annulatum causes Fusarium rot of cantaloupe melons in Spain." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 16, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13454.
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During the summer of 2018, there was high incidence of fruit rots of cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) in Murcia province, south-eastern Spain. The fruits showed development of whitish mycelium and pulp softening. Morphological and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2) genes confirmed Fusarium annulatum as the causal agent of the disease. A phylogenetic study indicated that F. annulatum is in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Pathogenicity of the isolate was determined on healthy fruit verifying Koch’s postulates. The first symptoms of fruit rot were observed 3 d after inoculations at 28ºC. Fruit infections only occurred in artificially wounded melons, and F. annulatum was re-isolated from the wounds. This disease appeared after fruit harvesting, and could generate substantial economic losses mainly in fruit destined for foreign markets due to long transportation times. This is the first report of melon fruit rot caused by F. annulatum in Spain.
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Hamim, I., MZ Alam, MA Ali, and M. Ashrafuzzaman. "Incidence of post-harvest fungal diseases of ripe papaya in Mymensingh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21235.
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A survey was conducted during November, 2012 to May, 2013 to assess the status of major post harvest diseases of papaya fruits in the local markets of Mymensingh. Average percentage of diseased fruits at the markets were 29.83 and diseased fruits ranged from 20.40% to 38.04% during the study period. Highest percentage of diseased fruits (38.04%) was recorded in the month of May, 2013 followed by March, 2013 (37.98%). The minimum percentage of diseased fruits (20.40%) was recorded in January, 2013 followed by December (22.68%). Total six post-harvest diseases was recorded, viz. Anthracnose, Fusarium rot, Stem end rot, Rhizopus rot, Aspergillus rot and Penicillium rot. Anthracnose showed highest mean incidence (14.17 %) followed by Fusarium rot (7.26%) where as Pencillium rot showed lowest mean incidence (0.70%). In the market, anthracnose showed maximum percentage of mean disease abundance (46.11%) followed by Fusarium rot (24.61%). The findings of this study revealed that total six post-harvest diseases are associated with ripe papaya in different markets of Mymensingh. Moreover, May is the predominant month of highest incidence and abundance of all diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21235 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 25-28, June 2014
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Saengchan, Chanon, Piyaporn Phansak, Kanjana Thumanu, Supatcharee Siriwong, Toan Le Thanh, Rungthip Sangpueak, Wannaporn Thepbandit, Narendra Kumar Papathoti, and Natthiya Buensanteai. "Resistance Induction by Salicylic Acid Formulation in Cassava Plant against Fusarium solani." Plant Pathology Journal 38, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2022.0019.
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Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of cassava in Thailand, resulting in high yield losses of more than 80%. This study aimed to investigate if the exogenous application of salicylic acid formulations (Zacha) can induce resistance in cassava against Fusarium root rot and observe the biochemical changes in induced cassava leaf tissues through synchrotron radiation based on Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We demonstrated that the application of Zacha11 prototype formulations could induce resistance against Fusarium root rot in cassava. The in vitro experimental results showed that Zacha11 prototype formulations inhibited the growth of F. solani at approximately 34.83%. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the disease severity of Fusarium root rot disease at 60 days after challenge inoculation was observed in cassava plants treated with Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm (9.0%). Population densities of F. solani were determined at 7 days after inoculation. Treatment of the Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm resulted in reduced populations compared with the distilled water control and differences among treatment means at each assay date. Moreover, the SR-FTIR spectral changes of Zacha11-treated epidermal tissues of leaves had higher integral areas of lipids, lignins, and pectins (1,770-1,700/cm), amide I (1,700-1,600/cm), amide II (1,600-1,500/cm), hemicellulose, lignin (1,300-1,200/cm), and cellulose (1,155/cm). Therefore, alteration in defensive carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins contributed to generate barriers against Fusarium invasion in cassava roots, leading to lower the root rot disease severity.
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Small, I. M., B. C. Flett, W. F. O. Marasas, A. McLeod, M. A. Stander, and A. Viljoen. "Resistance in Maize Inbred Lines to Fusarium verticillioides and Fumonisin Accumulation in South Africa." Plant Disease 96, no. 6 (June 2012): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-11-0695.
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Fusarium ear rot of maize, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is an important disease affecting maize production worldwide. Apart from reducing yield and grain quality, F. verticillioides produces fumonisins which have been associated with mycotoxicoses of animals and humans. Currently, no maize breeding lines are known with resistance to F. verticillioides in South Africa. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate 24 genetically diverse maize inbred lines as potential sources of resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in field trials at Potchefstroom and Vaalharts in South Africa. After artificial silk channel inoculation with F. verticillioides, Fusarium ear rot development was determined at harvest and fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 quantified. A significant inbred line by location effect was observed for Fusarium ear rot severity (P ≤ 0.001), although certain lines proved to be consistently resistant across both locations. The individual inbred lines also differed considerably in fumonisin accumulation between Potchefstroom and Vaalharts, with differentiation between susceptible and potentially resistant inbred lines only being possible at Vaalharts. A greenhouse inoculation trial was then also performed on a subset of potentially resistant and highly susceptible lines. The inbred lines CML 390, CML 444, CML 182, VO 617Y-2, and RO 549 W consistently showed a low Fusarium ear rot (<5%) incidence at both Potchefstroom and Vaalharts and in the greenhouse. Two of these inbred lines, CML 390 and CML 444, accumulated fumonisin levels <5 mg kg–1. These lines could potentially act as sources of resistance for use within a maize breeding program.
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Harish, J., P. P. Jambhulkar, Ruchira Bajpai, Karan R, Lakshmeesha R, N. Vamsidharreddy, and Sanjay H. B. "Evaluation of Inbreds for Resistance to Post-Flowering Stalk Rot Disease in Maize (Zea mays.)." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (April 22, 2024): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i5827.
Full textAbstract:
Maize (Zea mays) is the most influential crop in the world, which can grow in temperate as well as tropical conditions. It is a major source for food, livestock, the beverage industry and cosmetics. In recent days maize production decreased drastically due to many diseases. Fusarium stalk rot is one among them. To evaluate the genotypes resistance against PFSR, 40 maize genotypes were subjected against five virulent isolates of Fusarium using the same artificial inoculation method. Varying disease reactions among the inbreds, with some exhibiting premature drying and lodging. After 40 days post-inoculation, internode infection was observed, and disease severity was assessed based on lesion spread within or across internodes. The inbreds were categorized according to their resistance levels, ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible based on internode infection. Only one inbred showed high resistance to both FUR11 and Raichur isolates. None of the inbreds exhibited high resistance or resistance against the F1 isolate. Eight inbreds showed resistance against multiple isolates. One inbred, DML-1802, displayed high resistance to FUR11 and resistance to Raichur isolate, while another, A8-6, was highly susceptible to all tested isolates, showing infection spreading up to two internodes and observed xylem vessel rotting and hollow stems. Eleven resistant inbreds against Fusarium stalk rot were selected for a breeding program aimed at developing Fusarium stalk rot-resistant hybrids. The identification of variability among Fusarium species causing stalk rot in maize provided valuable insights for future research due to the limited understanding of Fusarium heterogeneity in maize stalk rot.
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Wang, Jianhua, Shuangxia Wang, Zhiyong Zhao, Shanhai Lin, François Van Hove, and Aibo Wu. "Species Composition and Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium Isolates Causing Fruit Rot of Sweet Pepper in China." Toxins 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120690.
Full textAbstract:
Apart from causing serious yield losses, various kinds of mycotoxins may be accumulated in plant tissues infected by Fusarium strains. Fusarium mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important concerns in the food safety field nowadays. However, limited information on the causal agents, etiology, and mycotoxin production of this disease is available on pepper in China. This research was conducted to identify the Fusarium species causing pepper fruit rot and analyze their toxigenic potential in China. Forty-two Fusarium strains obtained from diseased pepper from six provinces were identified as F. equiseti (27 strains), F. solani (10 strains), F. fujikuroi (five strains). This is the first report of F. equiseti, F. solani and F. fujikuroi associated with pepper fruit rot in China, which revealed that the population structure of Fusarium species in this study was quite different from those surveyed in other countries, such as Canada and Belgium. The mycotoxin production capabilities were assessed using a well-established liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method. Out of the thirty-six target mycotoxins, fumonisins B1 and B2, fusaric acid, beauvericin, moniliformin, and nivalenol were detected in pepper tissues. Furthermore, some mycotoxins were found in non-colonized parts of sweet pepper fruit, implying migration from colonized to non-colonized parts of pepper tissues, which implied the risk of mycotoxin contamination in non-infected parts of food products.
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Mirghasempour, Seyed Ali, David J. Studholme, Weiliang Chen, Weidong Zhu, and Bizeng Mao. "Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Fusarium Species Associated with Corm Rot Disease in Saffron from China." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050515.
Full textAbstract:
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a commercial spice crop well-known throughout the world, valued for culinary, colorant, and pharmaceutical purposes. In China, Fusarium nirenbergiae was detected as causative agent of saffron corm rot, the most pervasive disease for the first time in 2020. In the present study, 261 Fusarium-like isolates were recovered from 120 rotted corms in four saffron producing fields at Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Yunnan provinces, China, in 2021. A combination of morpho-cultural features and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the concatenated rpb2 (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit) and tef1 (translation elongation factor 1-α) partial sequences showed that the isolates from saffron belong to Fusarium nirenbergiae as well as F. commune, and F. annulatum with isolation frequencies of 58.2%, 26.8%, and 14.9%, respectively. Notably, F. commune was more prevalent than F. annulatum in the collected samples. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that both species were pathogenic on saffron corm. This is the first report of F. annulatum and F. commune causing corm rot of saffron, globally. Outcomes of the current research demonstrate that Fusarium spp. associated with saffron corm rot are more diverse than previously reported. Furthermore, some plants were infected by two or more Fusarium species. Our findings broaden knowledge about Fusarium spp. that inflict corm rot and assist the development of control measures.
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Chang, Xiaoli, Li Yan, Muhammd Naeem, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, Hao Zhang, Guoshu Gong, Min Zhang, et al. "Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species." Pathogens 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030211.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.
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Ghuffar, Salman, Muhammad Sajjad Saeed, Waseem Abbas, Muhammad Iqbal, Nasir Mehmood, Umar Sabtain, Muhammad Ussama Yasin, Abdul Qayyum, and Muhammad Rauf. "Mopho-molecuar identification of Fusarium oxysporum as the causal agent of dry rot of carrot in Pakistan." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.008.01.0730.
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Fusarium rot or dry rot is an emerging threat to carrot field, which is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify Fusarium species associated with dry rot of carrot (Daucus carota).For this porpuse, ten isolates of Fusarium sp. were collected from symptomatic carrot roots at Vegetable Research Station Sahiwal (VRSS). During morphological studies, fungal colonies were observed whitish, cottony with abundunt arial mycelium. In microscopic observations, macroconidia was falciform and measured 12.1 to 30.7 (L) × 3.6 to 5.8 (W) μm with 2 to 3 septations, while elliptic microconidia of 5.8 to 8.6 (L) × 2.9 to 3.6 (W) μm with none or one septate. For molecular characterization, three isolates (ON955520, ON955053 & ON955054) were amplified using ITS1 & ITS4 primers. Sequence comparison revealed 99-100% genetic homology with previously reported isolates of F.oxysporum. To our knowledge, the occurrence of fusarium rot caused by F.oxysporum on carrot field is the first time reported in Pakistan which can cause reduction in crop yield.
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Murad, Nur Baiti Abd, Nor Azizah Kusai, and Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin. "Identification and diversity of Fusarium species isolated from tomato fruits." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0032.
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Abstract Fruit rot of tomato is a serious disease caused by Fusarium species. Sampling was conducted throughout Selangor, Malaysia and fungal species identification was conducted based on morphological and gene encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) sequence analysis. Five species of Fusarium were discovered namely F. oxysporum (including F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), F. solani, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. Our results provide additional information regarding the diversity of Fusarium species associated with fruit rot disease of tomato.
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Couture, L., C. Dhont, F. P. Chalifour, R. Drapeau, G. Tremblay, Y. Castonguay, G. Bélanger, and P. Nadeau. "Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to autumn harvests." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-132.
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Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to an autumn harvest was studied in plots established in the spring of 1996 or 1997, at three sites in Quebec. Autumn harvest treatments were started the year following establishment at each site. They were made at either 400, 500 or 600 growing degree-days (GDD; 5°C) after the last summer harvest. Samples were assessed for fusarium root and crown rot severity in autumn 1998 and spring 1999. Disease severity over all sites, cultivars, and sampling periods was ranked in the following order: 400 GDD > 500 GDD > 600 GDD > control (no fall harvest). Key words: Fusarium, root and crown rot, alfalfa, harvest management
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Champaco, E. R., R. D. Martyn, and M. E. Miller. "Comparison of Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum as Causal Agents of Fruit Rot and Root Rot of Muskmelon." HortScience 28, no. 12 (December 1993): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.12.1174.
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Rotting muskmelon fruits commonly are associated with commercial fields that are affected by the root rot/vine decline disease syndrome found in southern Texas. Four isolates of Fusarium solani previously shown to be either weakly pathogenic or nonpathogenic to muskmelon seedlings caused extensive rot on mechanically wounded muskmelon fruits. Two of these isolates caused more extensive fruit rot than either F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. cucurbitae W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. or F. oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. melonis (Leach & Currence) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans., causal agents of fusarium crown and foot rot of cucurbits and fusarium wilt of muskmelon, respectively. In other tests, root-dip inoculation of seedlings showed that all muskmelon cultigens included in this study and the breeding line MR-1 were susceptible to a California and an Arkansas strain of F. s. f. sp. cucurbitae race 1.
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Tamburic-Ilincic, L., and A. W. Schaafsma. "The prevalence of Fusarium spp. colonizing seed corn stalks in southwestern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08083.
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Gibberella zeae, Fusarium verticillioides and F. subglutinans are the most important causes of Fusarium stalk rot in corn (Zea mays L.). Gibberella zeae also causes fusarium head blight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and gibberella ear rot in corn. The objectives of this study were to investigate prevalence of Fusarium species in the stalks of seed corn over time and to investigate the influence of sampling time and internode position on Fusarium spp. and G. zeae, particularly. Fusarium subglutinans and G. zeae were the most frequently recovered species from asymptomatic host tissue and from pink discoloration on stalks, respectively. More G. zeae was isolated from the basal internode of stalks than from the higher ones closer to harvest time. Other species isolated from seed corn stalks over time included F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti. A similar spectrum of Fusarium species was identified from corn ears and from winter wheat across southwestern Ontario. Key words: Zea mays L., Fusarium spp.
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Dewi, Ovilya Kusuma Minarma, Abdul Latief Abadi, and Sri Widyaningsih. "Fusarium Rot Biological Control of Citrus caused by Fusarium oxysporum." Research Journal of Life Science 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2022.009.02.5.
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Fusarium oxysporum is a pathogen that causes Fusarium rot disease on citrus plants. The F. oxysporum is a soil-borne pathogen whose fungicide is not effective against it and difficult to cure. Thus, the use of Trichoderma spp. as one of the most effective and well-known biocontrol agents against many plant diseases in agriculture is needed. To test Trichoderma capabilities on the specific pathogen, method of this study consisted of isolation and rejuvenation of F. oxysporum and Trichoderma, morphological identification of the fungus, in vitro test of Trichoderma antagonistic ability against F. oxysporum on PDA medium, and in vivo test conducted in a green house on Rough Lemon (RL) and Japansche Citroen (JC) rootstock seeds to calculate the total disease incidence using a formula. The result of in vitro test of this study shows that 3 Trichoderma isolates (TJ, TKH, and TST) were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum on PDA medium by 65.56%, 62.99%, and 61.19%, respectively. While in vivo test shows that the treatment of TJ isolates on RL seeds and TKH on JC seeds shows lowest disease incidence percentage of 3.33%. Therefore, this study proves that Trichoderma can be used as a biocontrol agent in controlling Fusarium rot disease in citrus plants. However, further research is needed to detect which Trichoderma species TJ and TKH isolates contain.