Academic literature on the topic 'Fusarium roseum graminearum'

Several Fusarium isolates known to produce zearalenone or T-2 toxin were tested for their toxigenic potential on heatsterilized whole and cracked soybeans, on soybean meal, and on rice. Moisture concentration levels and particle sizes of substrate were varied to determine effects on the amount and type of toxin produced. Only one of the three Fusarium isolates known to produce zearalenone, Fusarium roseum ‘Graminearum’, produced detectable amounts of this mycotoxin on soybeans. Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299, the T-2 toxin-producing isolate tested, produced T-2 toxin as well as T-2 tetraol, HT-2 toxin and neosolaniol on soybeans. HT-2 toxin production was greatly enhanced on soybean meal in comparison to rice cultures. These findings plus previous field observations suggest that soybean products present a mycotoxic hazard which warrants attention.

Mycotoxicosis refers to the deleterious pathological effects of different types toxins produced by some worldwide distributing fungi. Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites are affecting different organs and systems both in animal and human beings. Zeralenone (ZEA), the well-known estrogenic mycotoxins, is an immunotoxic agent. This macrocyclic beta-resorcyclic acid lactone, is mycotoxin procreated as a secondary metabolic byproduct by several types of Fusarium, encompassing F. roseum,F. culmorum, F. graminearum and different other types. Attributing to its potent estrogenic activity, ZEA has been incriminated as one of the major causes of female reproductive disorders. Thus, the purpose of the present review article is to appraise the pathophysiological consequences and sub sequent explore the progress in the research field of zearalenone immunotoxicities.

ABSTRACT The antifungal activity spectrum of Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis strain Si3 was investigated. The strain had strong inhibitory activity in dual-culture agar plate assays against the molds Aspergillus fumigatus,A. nidulans, Penicillium roqueforti,Mucor hiemalis, Talaromyces flavus,Fusarium poae, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. sporotrichoides. A weaker activity was observed against the yeasts Debaryomyces hansenii,Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis,Sporobolomyces roseus, and Pichia anomala were not inhibited. In liquid culture the antifungal activity paralleled growth, with maximum mold inhibition early in the stationary growth phase, but with a rapid decline in antifungal activity after 48 h. The addition of ethanol to the growth medium prevented the decline and gave an increased antifungal activity. The activity was stable during heat treatment and was retained even after autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min. Maximum activity was observed at pH values of between 3.0 and 4.5, but it decreased rapidly when pH was adjusted to a level between 4.5 and 6.0 and was lost at higher pH values. The antifungal activity was fully regained after readjustment of the pH to the initial value (pH 3.6). The activity was irreversibly lost after treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteinase K, trypsin, and pepsin). The antifungal activity was partially purified using ion-exchange chromatography and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography. The active compound(s) was estimated to have a molecular mass of approximately 3 kDa. This is the first report of the production of a proteinaceous antifungal compound(s) from L. coryniformis subsp.coryniformis.