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Academic literature on the topic 'Furnaces'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Furnaces"

1

Bacchetti, Andrea, Stefano Bonetti, Marco Perona, and Nicola Saccani. "Investment and Management Decisions in Aluminium Melting: A Total Cost of Ownership Model and Practical Applications." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093342.

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The well-established Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) concept has been applied to several durable goods industries, including machinery. However, none of the existing TCO models explicitly focus on such highly energy-intensive equipment as metal melting furnaces. In this paper, an application of the TCO concept to aluminium melting furnaces is explored. A TCO model is created and tested through seven case studies in the aluminium die casting industry. Results indicate that the capital expenditure (CAPEX) incurred by the sample companies accounts for only 3–5% of a furnace TCO. Moreover, the melting technology implemented in the furnace highly impacts its TCO, as both the furnace’s thermal efficiency and melting loss (i.e., the fraction of aluminium burnt during the melting process) significantly affect the costs incurred. Moreover, the sample furnaces’ cost effectiveness clearly relies on scale. This evaluation leads to identify technological and managerial levers to reduce a furnace TCO, e.g., by adopting energy-efficient furnaces and by installing centralized, large-sized furnaces to pursue scale economies.
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Wehrmeyer, Joseph A., David E. Boll, and Richard Smith. "Emission Spectroscopy for Coal-Fired Cyclone Furnace Diagnostics." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 8 (August 2003): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322258995.

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Using a spectrograph and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, ultraviolet and visible light emission spectra were obtained from a coal-burning electric utility's cyclone furnaces operating at either fuel-rich or fuel-lean conditions. The aim of this effort is to identify light emission signals that can be related to a cyclone furnace's operating condition in order to adjust its air/fuel ratio to minimize pollutant production. Emission spectra at the burner and outlet ends of cyclone furnaces were obtained. Spectra from all cyclone burners show emission lines for the trace elements Li, Na, K, and Rb, as well as the molecular species OH and CaOH. The Ca emission line is detected at the burner end of both the fuel-rich and fuel-lean cyclone furnaces but is not detected at the outlet ends of either furnace type. Along with the disappearance of Ca is a concomitant increase in the CaOH signal at the outlet end of both types of furnaces. The OH signal strength is in general stronger when viewing at the burner end rather than the exhaust end of both the fuel-rich and fuel-lean cyclone furnaces, probably due to high, non-equilibrium amounts of OH present inside the furnace. Only one molecular species was detected that could be used as a measure of air/fuel ratio: MgOH. It was detected at the burner end of fuel-rich cyclone furnaces but not detected in fuel-lean cyclone furnaces. More direct markers of air/fuel ratio, such as CO and O2 emission, were not detected, probably due to the generally weak nature of molecular emission relative to ambient blackbody emission present in the cyclone furnaces, even at ultraviolet wavelengths.
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Kryachko, G. Yu, and Ye M. Sigarev. "Assessment of changes in productivity and limitations in forcing movement when increasing the volume of blast furnaces." Metal and Casting of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (2023): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/steelcast2023.02.008.

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The selection of the useful volume of new or reconstructed blast furnaces is an urgent task for both manufacturers and designers; therefore, the assessment of the technological capabilities of furnaces of different volumes has always been of interest from both a practical and a theoretical point of view. The purpose of the presented work is the selection of the most representative indicators, with the help of which a comparative assessment of the operation of furnaces of different volumes is possible, the evaluation of the operation of furnaces in the conditions of planned and market economies, as well as an attempt to determine and classify the factors limiting the forced operation of furnaces of increased volume. It is shown that the use of indicators calculated per unit area furnace is not appropriate, since area furnace is not the main size furnace. The main size is full volume furnace, which determines design unit and amount of capital costs for its construction. Specific productivity indicators calculated per unit volume furnace similarly depend on the height furnace and adequately reflect performance of furnaces of different volumes. The indisputable advantage of compact blast furnaces with a useful volume < 1500 m3 in comparison with furnaces of larger volumes is shown, which indicates imperfection of a simplified approach to evaluating performance of furnaces based on the concepts of balance and gas dynamic components, since it is difficult to take into account all the components when determining these components influencing factors. Factors limiting process intensification in blast furnaces of medium and large volumes have been established and classified. The main external factors are the quality characteristics of coke, iron ore materials and blowing, more specifically, hot strength of coke, richness of raw materials in iron and the ability of air blowers to provide blowing with required degree of compression. The main structural solutions to overcome significant limitations in operation of furnaces with a useful volume > 1500 m3 are a rational profile, ratio of output cross-section of air nozzles and cross-section furnace, as well as the use of coneless loading devices.
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4

Qu, Na, and Wen You. "Design and fault diagnosis of DCS sintering furnace’s temperature control system for edge computing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): e0253246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253246.

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Under the background of modern industrial processing and production, the sintering furnace’s temperature control system is researched to achieve intelligent smelting and reduce energy consumption. First, the specific application and implementation of edge computing in industrial processing and production are analyzed. The industrial processing and production intelligent equipment based on edge computing includes the equipment layer, the edge layer, and the cloud platform layer. This architecture improves the operating efficiency of the intelligent control system. Then, the sintering furnace in the metallurgical industry is taken as an example. The sintering furnace connects powder material particles at high temperatures; thus, the core temperature control system is investigated. Under the actual sintering furnace engineering design, the Distributed Control System (DCS) is used as the basis of sintering furnace temperature control, and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is adopted to reduce the electrical wiring and switch contacts. The hardware circuit of DCS is designed; on this basis, an embedded operating system with excellent performance is transplanted according to functional requirements. The final DCS-based temperature control system is applied to actual monitoring. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 1# sintering furnace at a particular point is measured to be 56.95°C, 56.58°C, and 57.2°C, respectively. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 2# sintering furnaces at a particular point is measured to be 144.7°C, 143.8°C, and 144.0°C, respectively. Overall, the temperature control deviation of the three currents of the two sintering furnaces stays in the controllable range. An expert system based on fuzzy logic in the fault diagnosis system can comprehensively predict the situation of the sintering furnaces. The prediction results of the sintering furnace’s faults are closer to the actual situation compared with the fault diagnosis method based on the Backpropagation (BP) neural network. The designed system makes up for the shortcomings of the sintering furnace’s traditional temperature control systems and can control the temperature of the sintering furnace intelligently and scientifically. Besides, it can diagnose equipment faults timely and efficiently, thereby improving the sintering efficiency.
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Catur Ahadi, Yeyen, and Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti. "Furnace Engine Modification to Lower Power." Jurnal Improsci 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2023): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.62885/improsci.v1i2.69.

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Furnace machine or heating furnace is a tool used for heat treatment processes or usually called heat treatment, furnace machines have several types from the beginning found furnace machines, namely induction furnaces/conventional furnaces and then transformed into electric furnaces, electric furnaces are more often used for processes heat treatment because it is cleaner compared to the convection furnace.The furnace machine requires 5000 watts of power, 13.1A. to reach the temperature of 8000 takes 7296 seconds. Furnace machine testing is by quenching using ST-42 steel which is held at 6000 and varying time, the first test material is not treated with heat traetment, for the second test material with a variation of 15 minutes, third 30, fourth 60, fifth 90, sixth 120 minute. the results of the quenching process were tested using the Brinell and Vickers hardness test methods.
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6

Henninger, Matthias, Wolfgang Schlüter, Dominik Jeckle, and Jörg Schmidt. "Simulation Based Studies of Energy Saving Measures in the Aluminum Tool and Die Casting Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 856 (November 2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.856.131.

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This study, which focuses on analyzing aluminum melting and die casting procedures is part of the Smart Melting project in the research network Green Factory Bavaria (GFB). The aim of the present research project is to investigate these procedures and to suggest measures to increase the overall energy efficiency. The analysis starts with the capture of the operating structure, the relations between supply and consumption of liquid aluminum and an evaluation of aluminum furnaces themselves. The study concentrates on shaft furnaces whose specific energy consumption is 25 % higher than stated by the manufacturers. At the same time the melting capacity of the furnaces ranges at the lower end according to the manufacturer's data. The reason for this deviation is a discontinuous operation mode due to demand fluctuations. Consequently the flue gas has still a high temperature which means a high waste of energy. Based on these facts the furnace charge and operation mode have to be optimized and the high temperature flue gas can be used to preheat the pig aluminum.A numerical model of aluminum furnaces is applied to investigate this optimization potential. This model can simulate either a single aluminum furnace (case 1) or a furnace integrated in the entire manufacturing plant (case 2). The advantage of case 1 is the furnace's operation on its most efficient point because there is no influence of the die casting process. In case 1 an improvement of the furnace charge leads to a higher capacity utilization and therefore to a reduction of 30 % specific energy consumption and a 50 % increase of melting capacity. Whereas in case 2 the simulation of the entire manufacturing plant results in a rise of 25 % melting capacity and a 16 % decrease of specific energy consumption. The simulation proved increasing energy efficiency due to preheating the pig aluminum in both cases.
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Niu, Hongya, Wenjing Cheng, Wei Pian, and Wei Hu. "The physiochemical properties of submicron particles from emissions of industrial furnace." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-029.

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Purpose Smoke and dust emissions from industrial furnaces can do great harm to the environment and human health. This paper aims to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the nearby ambient air by using two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace. Design/Methodology/Approach Two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace, were chosen in this study, to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the near-by ambient air. Findings The results show that the particles from the two furnaces are mainly in the small sizes of 0.3-0.6 μm. Particles from sintering plant flue are mainly spherical and rich in K and Cl, whereas those from the electric plant flue are mainly particles rich in metal elements, such as Zn and Fe, and have different morphology. Originality/value The particles in the atmosphere nearby the two furnaces contain aged particles from the flue, lots of spherical particles, rectangle particles and various aggregations. The elements of those particles are complex.
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Korneev, S. V., and I. A. Trusova. "Efficiency of using alternative sources of heat in electric melting of metal." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-4-99-105.

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The paper considers ways to assess the efficiency of using alternative sources of heat when melting alloys in electric arc furnaces. The focus is on increasing furnace productivity and reducing production costs. The analysis of the use of various systems for intensifying melting in arc furnaces and their main indicators is carried out. An assessment of the efficiency of fuel use in electric arc furnaces has been carried out. The expected economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources in electric furnaces has been calculated. It is shown that the economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources on electric arc furnaces depends significantly on the increase in furnace productivity.
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Kornilov, B. V., O. L. Chaika, V. V. Lebid, Ye I. Shumelchyk, and A. O. Moskalina. "THE THERMAL WORK ANALYSIS OF THE FIREPLACES OF BLAST FURNACES OF UKRAINE OF VARIOUS DESIGNS." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 35 (2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2021-35-55-68.

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The aim of the work is to study modern ways to increase the operational reliability of the furnace and hearth of blast furnaces, which largely determine the duration of the blast furnace campaign. The article analyzes the ways to increase the stability of the furnace and hearth, presents the results of the analysis of thermal work and ignition of the lining of metal receivers of blast furnaces of different designs. The modern directions of construction of the metal receiver of blast furnaces are determined. It is shown that the modern methodology of construction of blast furnace furnaces develops two main directions: the use of a coordinated combination of refractory materials with a cooling system; use of a combination of wear-resistant materials based on carbon and ceramics. However, even the improvement of the design and cooling system of the metal receiver does not allow to fully increase the duration of the campaign. To assess the service life of the furnace, it is necessary to provide regular automated control of the ignition of the furnace lining and hearth. In Ukraine, during the renovation of blast furnaces, the design of metal receivers with the use of "ceramic glass" was preferred. To date, the system of monitoring the thermal work and ignition of the furnace has been implemented in 10 blast furnaces using the automatic control system "Horn" developed by the HMI NASU. The implementation of continuous control over the ignition of the furnace in blast furnaces allowed us to assess the effect of the use of ceramic cups. The value of heat losses of the furnace and the cost of coke for their compensation are estimated. Methods and models for determining the thermal state and wear of the metal receiver lining based on a combination of calorimetric and thermometric control methods have been developed. Comparison of heat losses of the metal receiver in the cooling system of blast furnaces allows to quantify the thermal performance of controlled areas and the furnace as a whole. It is shown that the specific value of heat loss of the metal receiver per unit volume of the blast furnace can serve as an integral parameter. It is established that the value of specific heat losses per unit volume of the blast furnace with a ceramic cup is ~ 0.4-0.7 kW/m3, which is much less than blast furnaces without it (~ 0.9-1.1 kW/m3). Ceramic glass saves coke about 1 kg/t of cast iron.
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Shkirmontov, A. P., and S. A. Bishenov. "Comparison parameters for carbon ferrochrome smelting in AC and DC furnaces." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-2-163-165.

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One of the interesting technical solutions is technology of ferroalloys smelting using direct current (DC). In DC ferroalloy furnaces, apparently, it is possible to eliminate such a parameter as power factor in furnace circuit after current converter. Many researchers assume that melting at direct current allows intensification of the process of charge melting, increases reduction of leading elements of ferroalloy and reduces specific consumption of electricity. In this paper, brief analysis of carbon ferrochromium smelting in alternating current (AC) and in direct current (DC) furnaces is made based on energotechnological criterion of ferroalloy electric furnace performance. It is shown that with comparable active capacity in bath, AC furnaces have higher energotechnological criteria (0.2185 – 0.2381), compared to DC furnaces (0.1109 – 0.1320), at current level of technology used for carbonaceous ferrochrome smelting. Thus, in AC furnaces, specific electric power consumption in ferrochrome smelting is lower than in DC furnaces by 20 – 28 %.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Furnaces"

1

Harish, J. "Computational Modelling Of Heat Transfer In Reheat Furnaces." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/234.

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Furnaces that heat metal parts (blooms) prior to hot-working processes such as rolling or forging are called pre-forming reheat furnaces. In these furnaces, the fundamental idea is to heat the blooms to a prescribed temperature without very large temperature gradients in them. This is to ensure correct performance of the metal parts subsequent to reheating. Due to the elevated temperature in the furnace chamber, radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer from the furnace to the bloom. In addition, there is convection heat transfer from the hot gases to the bloom. The heat transfer within the bloom is by conduction. In order to design a new furnace or to improve the performance of existing ones, the heat transfer analysis has to be done accurately. Given the complex geometry and large number of parameters encountered in the furnace, an analytical solution is difficult, and hence numerical modeling has to be resorted to. In the present work, a numerical technique for modelling the steady-state and transient heat transfer in a reheat furnace is developed. The work mainly involves the development of a radiation heat transfer analysis code for a reheat furnace, since a major part of the heat transfer in the furnace chamber is due to radiation from the roof and combustion gases. The code is modified from an existing finite volume method (FVM) based radiation heat transfer solver, The existing solver is a general purpose radiation heat transfer solver for enclosures and incorporates the following features: surface-to-surface radiation, gray absorbing-emitting medium in the enclosure, multiple reflections off the bounding walls, shadowing effects due to obstructions in the enclosure, diffuse reflection and enclosures with irregular geometry. As a part of the present work, it has now been extended to include the following features that characterise radiation heat transfer in the furnace chamber · Combination of specular and diffuse reflection as is the case with most real surfaces · Participating non-gray media, as the combustion gases in the furnace chamber exhibit highly spectral radiative characteristics Transient 2D conduction heat transfer within the metal part is then modelled using a FVM-based code. Radiation heat flux from the radiation model and convection heat flux calculated using existing correlations act as boundary conditions for the conduction model. A global iteration involving the radiation model and the conduction model is carried out for the overall solution. For the study, two types of reheat furnaces were chosen; the pusher-type furnace and the walking beam furnace. The difference in the heating process of the two furnaces implies that they have to be modelled differently. In the pusher-type furnace, the heating of the blooms is only from the hot roof and the gas. In the walking beam furnace, the heating is also from the hearth and the blooms adjacent to any given bloom. The model can predict the bloom residence time for any particular combination of furnace conditions and load dimensions. The effects of variations of emissivities of the load, thickness of the load and the residence time of billet in the furnaces were studied.
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Harish, J. "Computational Modelling Of Heat Transfer In Reheat Furnaces." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/234.

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Furnaces that heat metal parts (blooms) prior to hot-working processes such as rolling or forging are called pre-forming reheat furnaces. In these furnaces, the fundamental idea is to heat the blooms to a prescribed temperature without very large temperature gradients in them. This is to ensure correct performance of the metal parts subsequent to reheating. Due to the elevated temperature in the furnace chamber, radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer from the furnace to the bloom. In addition, there is convection heat transfer from the hot gases to the bloom. The heat transfer within the bloom is by conduction. In order to design a new furnace or to improve the performance of existing ones, the heat transfer analysis has to be done accurately. Given the complex geometry and large number of parameters encountered in the furnace, an analytical solution is difficult, and hence numerical modeling has to be resorted to. In the present work, a numerical technique for modelling the steady-state and transient heat transfer in a reheat furnace is developed. The work mainly involves the development of a radiation heat transfer analysis code for a reheat furnace, since a major part of the heat transfer in the furnace chamber is due to radiation from the roof and combustion gases. The code is modified from an existing finite volume method (FVM) based radiation heat transfer solver, The existing solver is a general purpose radiation heat transfer solver for enclosures and incorporates the following features: surface-to-surface radiation, gray absorbing-emitting medium in the enclosure, multiple reflections off the bounding walls, shadowing effects due to obstructions in the enclosure, diffuse reflection and enclosures with irregular geometry. As a part of the present work, it has now been extended to include the following features that characterise radiation heat transfer in the furnace chamber · Combination of specular and diffuse reflection as is the case with most real surfaces · Participating non-gray media, as the combustion gases in the furnace chamber exhibit highly spectral radiative characteristics Transient 2D conduction heat transfer within the metal part is then modelled using a FVM-based code. Radiation heat flux from the radiation model and convection heat flux calculated using existing correlations act as boundary conditions for the conduction model. A global iteration involving the radiation model and the conduction model is carried out for the overall solution. For the study, two types of reheat furnaces were chosen; the pusher-type furnace and the walking beam furnace. The difference in the heating process of the two furnaces implies that they have to be modelled differently. In the pusher-type furnace, the heating of the blooms is only from the hot roof and the gas. In the walking beam furnace, the heating is also from the hearth and the blooms adjacent to any given bloom. The model can predict the bloom residence time for any particular combination of furnace conditions and load dimensions. The effects of variations of emissivities of the load, thickness of the load and the residence time of billet in the furnaces were studied.
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3

Moros, A. "Magnetohydrodynamics of channel induction furnaces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383311.

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Chiu-Webster, Sunny. "Horizontal convection and glass furnaces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611923.

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Correia, Sara Alexandra Chanoca. "Development of improved mathematical models for the design and control of gas-fired furnaces." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369080.

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Carlson, Kurt B. "Development of a mathematical model to determine the temperature distribution in the metal layer and hearth of an electrical resistance smelter /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10219.

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Hixson, Scott. "Rapid industrial furnace thermal modeling for improved fuel efficiency." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5091.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Aula, M. (Matti). "Optical emission from electric arc furnaces." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210926.

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Abstract The main cause of temperature and composition fluctuations in the electric arc furnace (EAF) process is the scrap used as a raw material. Process conditions in EAF can vary significantly from heat to heat because there is no accurate information of scrap composition. Due to harsh process conditions, there are currently few sensors available for direct on-line measurement of the EAF process. In this work new information about stainless steelmaking EAF process conditions is sought with optical emission spectrum measurement. The measurement system relies on transportation of the light emitted from the measured furnace to a remotely situated spectrometer. Analysing the slag composition from the arc emission spectrum was tested in the laboratory and on a pilot scale. The laboratory measurements indicate that changes in the amount of CrOx and MnO in the slag have the highest impact on optical emission spectra. The pilot scale measurements show that the Cr2O3 content of the slag can be measured from the arc emission spectrum using suitable reference lines with an average absolute error of 0.62 %-points and a standard deviation of 0.49 %-points. The results from measurements at Outokumpu Stainless Oy, Tornio Works, indicate that measurement of the optical emission spectrum from industrial EAF is feasible in a practical sense, and can be used in analysing of EAF atmosphere, scrap melting and slag surface. Furthermore, the results of industrial measurements indicate that the atoms in the arc plasma mainly originate from the slag. The measurement of scrap melting could be potentially used in EAF control in optimization of arc voltages and second scrap bucket charging. The potential use of slag CrOx measurements is in optimization of reductant additions as well as defining the further processing of EAF slag
Tiivistelmä Valokaariuunien ohjaus on perinteisesti ollut uunioperaattorin käsissä. Valokaaariuuniprosessin on-line mittaukseen on olevassa vähän menetelmiä johtuen uunin hyvin haastavaista olosuhteista. Tässä työssä on tutkittu optiseen emissiospektroskopiaan perustuvaa menetelmää uuden jatkuva-aikaisen tiedon tuottamisessa valokaariuuniprosessista. Mittausjärjestelmä perustuu valon keräämiseen mitattavasta uunista valokuidun avulla, joka johtaa valon analysoitavaksi etäälle prosessista sijoitettuun spektrometriin. Mittauksia suoritettiin laboratorio-, pilot- ja tehdas-mittakaavassa. Valokaariuunin kuonan koostumuksen analysointia testattiin laboratorio- ja pilot-mittakaavan uuneilla. Laboratoriomittaukset osoittivat että kuonan komponenteista CrOx ja MnO ja vaikuttavat eniten mitattuun emissiospektriin. Pilot-mittakaavan kokeissa havaittiin, että kuonan Cr2O3-pitoisuutta voidaan mitata valokaaren emissiospektristä 0,62 %-yksikön keskimääräisellä absoluuttisella virheellä ja 0,49 %-yksikkön hajonnalla. Teollisella valokaariuunilla suoritetuista mittauksista havaittiin että optisen emissiospektrin mittaus voidaan suorittaa ilman ylitsepääsemättömiä teknisiä esteitä. Mittauksen tuloksia voidaan puolestaan käyttää kaasufaasin reaktioiden, romun sulamisen ja kuonapinnan ominaisuuksien arvioinnissa. Valokaaren emissiospektrin analyysi osoitti, että valokaaren plasman komponentit ovat pääosin peräisin kuonasta, joka mahdollistaa kuonan koostumuksen arvioinnin valokaaren emissiospektrin perusteella. Romun sulamisen mittausta voidaan prosessinohjauksessa käyttää jänniteportaiden ja toisen korin panostuksen optimointiin. Kuonan kromipitoisuuden mittaamista voidaan puolestaan käyttää pelkistinaineiden lisäyksen optimointiin ja kuonan jatkokäsittelyn valintaan
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9

Morris, Heath A. "Advanced modeling for small glass furnaces." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5066.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-71).
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Woodfield, Peter Lloyd. "Combustion instability in bagasse-fired furnaces." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27860.

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With rapidly increasing interest in a cleaner world environment, biomass com­bustion is becoming a very real alternative energy source to the more traditional coal-fired power stations. Sugar cane bagasse is one such material that is readily available and moreover, has been used as a fuel in the Australian sugar industry for well over thirty years. Today, the most widely utilised bagasse-fired furnace is the 'pneumatic spreader suspension fired furnace'. In this particular design, the solid bagasse particles are blown into the furnace by high velocity air jets, where the majority of the fuel is entrained vertically by a large flow of pre-heated air. This stream is termed 'combustion air' and enters the furnace via a grate spanning the entire furnace floor. Combustion of bagasse in these furnaces has its own special set of problems which appear to be due largely to the high moisture content of the fuel (45 - 55% as fired (wet basis)). Combustion instability in bagasse-fired furnaces is a key issue for operation but is presently not well understood. During periods of instability, there is a con­siderable dulling of the flame, the furnace pressure oscillates, large mounds of wet fuel accumulate on the grate and it becomes impossible to maintain the mill steam requirements. Dixon (1984) describes this as the 'single factor limiting the further development of bagasse suspension firing'. Since the early eighties, the majority of the research into this problem has been on a 'trial and error' basis with only lim­ited success. More recently an in-depth theoretical and computational investigation was undertaken into modelling of bagasse-furnaces (Luo, 1993; Luo and Stanmore, 1994). The work of Luo and Stanmore (1994) and the work of Dixon (1983,1984) provide the starting point for this current research.
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Books on the topic "Furnaces"

1

Bernd, Becher. Blast furnaces. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990.

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Bernd, Becher. Blast furnaces. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990.

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3

1874, Trinks W. b., and Trinks W. b. 1874, eds. Industrial furnaces. 6th ed. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley, 2004.

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Foundation, Sloss Furnaces, ed. Sloss Furnaces. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2009.

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Woodward, Joseph H. Alabama blast furnaces. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007.

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Woodward, Joseph H. Alabama blast furnaces. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007.

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Abraham, Thomas, and Subrata Banerjee. Heat treating furnaces: Current market and future prospects. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2000.

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Laptev, V. I. Ėlektrotermicheskie agregaty dli͡a︡ varki stekla. Moskva: Legprombytizdat, 1985.

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Toulouevski, Yuri N., and Ilyaz Yunusovich Zinurov. Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03802-0.

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Toulouevski, Yuri N., and Ilyaz Y. Zinurov. Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36273-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Furnaces"

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Steinborn, Wolfgang. "Furnaces." In Materials Sciences in Space, 227–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82761-7_10.

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Cone, Carroll. "Furnaces." In Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, 211–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471777471.ch6.

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Carter, C. Barry, and M. Grant Norton. "Furnaces." In Ceramic Materials, 143–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3523-5_9.

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Gasik, Mikhail, Viktor Dashevskii, and Aitber Bizhanov. "Ferroalloys Furnaces." In Ferroalloys, 457–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57502-1_26.

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Jochem, Eberhard. "Industrial Furnaces." In Improving the Efficiency of R&D and the Market Diffusion of Energy Technologies, 171–207. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2154-3_7.

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Vignes, Alain. "Blast Furnaces." In Extractive Metallurgy 3, 79–124. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118617106.ch4.

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Hague, D. C., E. Oakeshott, and A. Strain. "Oxford Furnaces." In Devaluation and Pricing Decisions, 329–37. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261032-25.

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Lupi, Sergio. "Arc Furnaces." In Fundamentals of Electroheat, 83–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46015-4_3.

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Lupi, Sergio. "Resistance Furnaces." In Fundamentals of Electroheat, 207–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46015-4_4.

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Garg, H. P. "Solar Furnaces." In Advances in Solar Energy Technology, 168–235. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3795-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Furnaces"

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Sverdlin, Alexey, Mattew A. Panhans, Yury Sokolov, and Arnold Ness. "Aerodynamic Furnaces for Heat Treatment." In HT 2011, edited by B. Lynn Ferguson, Roger Jones, D. Scott MacKenzie, and Dale Weires. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2011p0068.

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Abstract AHTF (Aerodynamic Heat Treating Furnaces) furnaces, in which air or gas is heated to 600-700°C without electrical or other special heaters, have been developed and placed in operation in a number of plants for heat treating aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys, and also steels. The AHTF chamber furnace is thermally insulated without the use of firebricks. It has a centrifugal fan with vanes having a special contour. The fan, operating in a closed system, converts, into heat, almost all the energy used to turn it; the heat is transferred to the parts by convection. In most machine-building plants aluminum alloys are heat treated in ERF furnaces (electric resistance furnaces with forced air circulation) or in salt baths. This research deals with an investigation of the heating conditions for various semi-finished products of aluminum alloys in the AHTF-3 in comparison with the ERF-2 (Electrical Recirculation Furnace) furnace and a potassium nitrate bath of approximately the same working volume.
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Huckins, Robert M. "The Evolution of “High Tech” Vacuum Furnaces." In HT 2011, edited by B. Lynn Ferguson, Roger Jones, D. Scott MacKenzie, and Dale Weires. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2011p0303.

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Abstract Today’s “high tech” vacuum furnaces have evolved significantly as advancements in materials, controls, and process technologies have progressed. These furnaces were developed to enhance metallurgical quality, improve braze quality, reduce inter-granular oxide formation, and provide better control over heating and quenching processes. Since the introduction of the first vacuum furnace for brazing in the late 1950s and early 1960s, continuous improvements over the past 50 years have led to the development of the most advanced vacuum furnaces available today. A “high tech” vacuum furnace utilizes cutting-edge materials, innovative designs, sophisticated control systems, and advanced features to deliver high performance, efficiency, and productivity, all while maintaining low utility and maintenance costs.
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Chang, S. L., C. Q. Zhou, and K. Scheeringa. "Numerical Simulations of Industrial Melting Furnaces." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47348.

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A computational fluid dynamics code developed at Argonne National Laboratory was used to simulate turbulent mixing, combustion reaction, radiation heat transfer, and pollutant kinetics of the combustion flow in industrial melting furnaces. The code employs an integral approach to incorporate a lumped combustion reaction model in the flow calculation and a separate hybrid technique to perform pollutant kinetics calculations for NOx and soot. The code validated with experimental data collected from industrial furnaces, was used to evaluate the impacts of burner operation conditions on the energy efficiency of furnaces. The results indicate that the furnace configuration has a significant effect on the combustion efficiency; the burner injection velocity affects the flow penetration and the species mixing; and the burner injection angle has a significant impact on the flow patterns and heat transfer. The study demonstrates that CFD can be a useful tool for analyzing the combustion flow of an industrial furnace.
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Bernard, Benjamin T. "Techniques and Equipment Types to Harden Gears." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021exabp0009.

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Abstract Material science and thermodynamics are applied in heat treating to achieve mechanical performance in gears. The technique includes part design, fixturing, and process development. Different furnaces may offer unique advantages, like minimizing part distortion, while operating and maintenance costs vary greatly for hardening furnaces. The challenge is to understand which furnace type can most effectively process the gear design and material grade. Protective-atmosphere furnace solutions are well-suited for hardening of gears. The process techniques include gas or vacuum carburizing, carbonitriding, and neutral hardening in a carbon-based atmosphere or in a vacuum. This paper will discuss vacuum, controlled atmosphere, and hybrid furnace types highlighting available processes while sharing respective associated operation and maintenance costs. Batch integral quench (BIQ) furnaces will be the base case for comparison, as they comprise the largest installed base for gear heat treatment. While a discussion of when to consider continuous atmosphere furnace equipment by defining what is high production versus today’s BIQ furnace capacities for gear heat treatment.
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Golchert, B., S. L. Chang, C. Q. Zhou, and J. Wang. "Modeling of Regenerative Furnace Ports." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42321.

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In order to increase overall efficiency, many industrial glass furnaces are regenerative; that is, the heat from the exhaust gases is used to preheat in the in-coming combustion air. The ports on these furnaces inject stream(s) of fuel into the preheated air stream and then combustion occurs inside the combustion chamber. Modeling of the exact detail of these furnace ports in addition to modeling the combustion space proper becomes computationally burdensome since many of these furnaces are extremely large. This paper presents an engineering approach using computational fluid dynamics to model both the major effects of the furnace ports in addition to calculating the detailed flow field in the combustion space. This approximation has been incorporated into a complete (combustion space/glass melt) furnace simulation. This engineering approach significantly reduces run time while still maintaining results that represent the conditions seen in the furnace. This paper will present this approach as well as some preliminary comparisons with actual furnace data/observations.
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Golchert, Brian M., Shen-Lin Chang, and Ed Olson. "Modeling and Preliminary Validation of a Regenerative Furnace Using the ANL Glass Furnace Model." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47441.

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The ANL Glass Furnace Model (GFM) was developed for steady state simulation of industrial glass furnaces. Unfortunately, a large fraction of the operating glass furnaces do not operate in a steady state mode and computational costs make it prohibitive to run the simulations in a transient mode. A solution methodology was developed to model these transient furnaces in steady state mode. This solution methodology was used to model a small, industrial furnace on which a relatively comprehensive set of data was taken. This paper presents the solution methodology in detail along with some of the qualitative validation results indicating the validity of the modeling approximation.
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Wu, Bin, Tom Roesel, Andrew M. Arnold, Zhaojiang Xu, Eugene Arnold, George Downey, and Chenn Q. Zhou. "CFD Analysis of Batch-Type Reheating Furnace for Improved Heating Performance." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68195.

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A reheating furnace is a critical component in value-added steel production. These furnaces can have a significant impact on both product quality and total cost. In order to obtain a better understanding of the furnace operation which influences the temperature distribution, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been conducted to examine the transient and three dimensional temperature fields in a prototype of the number three reheating furnace located at ArcelorMittal. Also, a series of simulations have been conducted to maximize the furnace performance. These parametric studies include different burner designs, fuel flow rates, and combustion air supplies to optimize the heating capacity of the furnace. The comparison of the simulation results assists in understanding the effective factors which are critical to the improvement of the furnace’s production capacity, thus providing insight into furnace optimization.
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Zhang, Mingkan, Tim LaClair, Lingshi Wang, Xiaobing Liu, Zhiming Gao, Ayyoub M. Momen, and Kyle Gluesenkamp. "A Numerical Study on the Energy Performance of a Novel Furnace With Acidic Gas Trap Absorbers." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-8952.

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Abstract Natural gas furnaces are widely used in US residential and commercial building markets. An important issue for natural gas furnaces is serious corrosion and fouling problems caused by acidic gas, such as SOx. An advanced adsorption technology based on acidic gas trap (AGT) absorbers offers the possibility to remove SOx acidic gas from natural gas furnaces with high efficiency and low cost, thereby enabling the development of condensing furnaces without the use of expensive corrosion resistant materials in the heat exchanger. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of a furnace with AGT absorbers and to compare it with a baseline conventional furnace without the AGT. Moreover, an axisymmetric model has been built focusing on the absorbing process in the AGT. The baseline conventional furnace used for the study is a commercial condensing furnace (Rheem 92% AFUE 84,000 BTU Multi-Position Gas Furnace). This furnace was completely disassembled, and the dimensions of each part were carefully measured and used to build a detailed CFD model. A model representing the new furnace, incorporating the AGT absorbers, was developed by adding the AGT system to the conventional furnace model. For the CFD analysis, a mixture model was employed to characterize the heat and mass transfer during the condensing process in the furnace while considering three components — air, water vapor and liquid water. Condensation takes place in the condensing heat exchanger, where water vapor changes phase to liquid water, and the latent heat is thus used in the furnace for useful heating. The simulation results characterize the energy performance of both the conventional furnace and the novel furnace with AGT absorbers, as well as the reactive processing in the AGT. These results provide insightful guidance for the development of the AGT absorber-based furnace from the perspective of its energy performance and will be used to further optimize this novel furnace design.
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Alshehhi, Saeed, and Mohamed I. Hassan Ali. "Reverberatory Furnace CFD Modeling for Efficient Design: Burners and Chimney Location." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87843.

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Reverberatory furnaces improper burners and chimney location would cause a significant scape of hot gases and shorten their residence time in the furnace and therefore reduce the convective heat transfer opportunity to the metal and walls surfaces. Appropriate burners location and orientation, as well as the chimney location, are very expensive to adjust in practical furnaces by trial and error to maximize the furnace performance. This study aimed to develop a validated 3-D CFD furnace model for studying the effect of burners’ location and orientation, chimney location and flow momentum on the hot gases residence time, heat transfer, flow and temperature distribution as well as the overall exergetic efficiency of the furnace. The results reflect the optimum design parameters for maximizing the furnace performance.
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Ji, Renhe, Dong Du, Baohua Chang, Li Wang, Jinle Zeng, and Yuxiang Hong. "Research on the Coordination of Multiple Air Circulating Tempering Furnaces Using System Identification and Predictive Control in Manufacturing of Non-Combustible Aluminum Composite Panels." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2830.

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Non-combustible aluminum composite panel is a new type of green building and decoration material with high security. However, during its manufacturing process, the incongruity of temperature cyclings between a series of air circulating tempering furnaces on the production line may cause a serious negative impact on the stability of product quality. In this paper, a model of the temperature control system of a tempering furnace was built at first by applying parameter identification technique to the off-line data of the furnace. Then, an approach based on online parameter identification and model predictive control was proposed to solve the dilemma that the specific temperature range of one single tempering furnace and the temperature cyclings coordination of multiple tempering furnaces can not be attained at the same time when using PID or On-Off control method. A method was presented to optimize the phase difference between the temperature cyclings of differents furnaces’ to lower the fluctuation of product quality. Finally, experiments are used to demonstrate the descent in fluctuation using the methods proposed in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Furnaces"

1

Biermayer, Peter J., James Lutz, and Alex Lekov. Measurement of airflow in residential furnaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826106.

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Brand, L., and W. Rose. Measure Guideline. High Efficiency Natural Gas Furnaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219802.

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Brand, L., and W. Rose. Measure Guideline: High Efficiency Natural Gas Furnaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055377.

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Kweller, Esher R., and Robert A. Wise. Laboratory study of gas-fueled condensing furnaces. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3225.

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David M. Rue, Serguei Zelepouga, and Ishwar K. Puri. Thermal Imaging Control of Furnaces and Combustors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820533.

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Mehdizadeh Momen, Ayyoub, Jeffrey D. Munk, and Patrick Hughes. Condensing Furnace Venting Part 2: Evaluation of Same-Chimney Vent Systems for Condensing Furnaces and Natural Draft Water Heaters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1187915.

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Butcher, T. A., and W. Litzke. Condensing economizers for small coal-fired boilers and furnaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296650.

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Nguyen, Q., R. Koppang, P. Maly, D. Moyeda, and X. Li. Advanced steel reheat furnaces: Research and development. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362534.

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Philips, S., and L. Smoot. Detailed model for practical pulverized coal furnaces and gasifiers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6443854.

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Smith, P., and L. Smoot. Detailed model for practical pulverized coal furnaces and gasifiers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6443878.

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