Academic literature on the topic 'Furans Conversion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Furans Conversion"
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Rivas, Sandra, María Jesús González-Muñoz, Valentín Santos, and Juan Carlos Parajó. "Production of furans from hemicellulosic saccharides in biphasic reaction systems." Holzforschung 67, no. 8 (December 1, 2013): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0017.
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Abstract Furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) are the results of dehydration of monosaccharides, which can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of wood or other lignocellulosic materials. In this work, Pinus pinaster wood was subjected to aqueous autohydrolysis processing to obtain dissolved hemicellulose-derived polymeric or oligomeric saccharides made up of mannosyl, glucosyl, galactosyl, xylosyl, and arabinosyl structural units. The aqueous liquors were then heated in the presence of sulfuric acid and methyl isobutyl ketone to obtain furans. The effects of selected operational variables, such as the ratio of organic to aqueous phase, temperature, and reaction time, were assessed by empirical modeling in terms of the conversion into furans and levulinic acid. The maximum furfural conversion (71.4%) was predicted to occur operating at 165°C and a ratio of organic to aqueous phase of 2 for 68.5 min. In additional experiments, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or 1-butanol were added to the aqueous phase and the change in furan conversion rates was observed.
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Yuliati, Frita, Peter J. Deuss, Hero J. Heeres, and Francesco Picchioni. "Towards Thermally Reversible Networks Based on Furan-Functionalization of Jatropha Oil." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 3641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163641.
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A novel biobased monomer for the preparation of thermally reversible networks based on the Diels-Alder reaction was synthesized from jatropha oil. The oil was epoxidized and subsequently reacted with furfurylamine to attach furan groups via an epoxide ring opening reaction. However, furfurylamine also reacted with the ester groups of the triglycerides via aminolysis, thus resulting in short-chain molecules that ultimately yielded brittle thermally reversible polymers upon cross-linking via a Diels-Alder reaction. A full-factorial experimental design was used in finding the optimum conditions to minimize ester aminolysis and to maximize the epoxide ring opening reaction as well as the number of furans attached to the modified oil. The optimum conditions were determined experimentally and were found to be 80 °C, 24 h, 1:1 molar ratio, with 50 mol % of LiBr with respect to the modified oil, resulting in 35% of ester conversion, 99% of epoxide conversion, and an average of 1.32 furans/triglyceride. Ultimately, further optimization by a statistical approach led to an average of 2.19 furans per triglyceride, which eventually yielded a flexible network upon cross-linking via a Diels-Alder reaction instead of the brittle one obtained when the furan-functionalization reaction was not optimized.
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Yang, Yanliang, Dongsheng Deng, Dong Sui, Yanfu Xie, Dongmi Li, and Ying Duan. "Facile Preparation of Pd/UiO-66-v for the Conversion of Furfuryl Alcohol to Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol under Mild Conditions in Water." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2019): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121698.
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The hydrogenation of furan ring in the biomass-derived furans is of great importance for the conversion of biomass to valuable chemicals. Fabrication of high activity and selectivity catalyst for this hydrogenation under mild conditions was one of the focuses of this research. In this manuscript, UiO-66-v, in which vinyl bonded to the benzene ring, was first prepared. Then, the uniformly distributed vinyl was used as the reductant for the preparation of Pd/UiO-66-v. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, N2 physical adsorption/desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer elemental mappings, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy to find the Pd/UiO-66-v had a narrow palladium nanoparticles size of 3–5 nm and maintained the structure and thermal stability of UiO-66-v. The Pd/UiO-66-v was used for the hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in water. 99% conversion of furfuryl alcohol was obtained with 90% selectivity to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol after reacted at 0.5 MPa H2, 303 K for 12 h. The Pd/UiO-66-v was proved to be effective for the hydrogenation of furan ring in furans and could be used for at least five times.
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Mao, Yanli, and François Mathey. "The Conversion of Furans into Phosphinines." Chemistry – A European Journal 17, no. 38 (August 11, 2011): 10745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201100834.
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Kumar, Hemant, and Marco Fraaije. "Conversion of Furans by Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases." Catalysts 7, no. 6 (June 7, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal7060179.
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Hu, Xun, Roel J. M. Westerhof, Liping Wu, Dehua Dong, and Chun-Zhu Li. "Upgrading biomass-derived furans via acid-catalysis/hydrogenation: the remarkable difference between water and methanol as the solvent." Green Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2015): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01826e.
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Wang, Ting, Xianming Guo, Tao Chen, and Juan Li. "The Pd(0) and Pd(ii) cocatalyzed isomerization of alkynyl epoxides to furans: a mechanistic investigation using DFT calculations." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 27 (2020): 9223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00965b.
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Guillard, Jér̂ome, Otto Meth-Cohn, Charles W. Rees, Andrew J. P. White, and David J. Williams. "Direct conversion of macrocyclic furans into macrocyclic isothiazoles." Chemical Communications, no. 3 (January 17, 2002): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b110287g.
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Pelter, Andrew, and Martin Rowlands. "The conversion of furans to 2(3H)-butenolides." Tetrahedron Letters 28, no. 11 (January 1987): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95326-7.
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Xu, Lujiang, Yuanye Jiang, Qian Yao, Zheng Han, Ying Zhang, Yao Fu, Qingxiang Guo, and George W. Huber. "Direct production of indoles via thermo-catalytic conversion of bio-derived furans with ammonia over zeolites." Green Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2015): 1281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc02250e.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Furans Conversion"
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ZHANG, WENWEN. "Catalytic Conversion of Sugar Mixtures into Furan Products in Ionic Liquid Media with Organic Solvent Extraction." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1341540235.
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Howard, Joshua M. "Catalytic conversion of sugar manufacturing by-products to 5-(chloromethyl) furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furural." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107143/2/Joshua_Howard_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a contribution to the development of catalytic processes for the production of platform chemicals from agricultural residues. It examined catalytic processes for the production of chloromethylfurfural and hydroxymethylfurfural from sugar cane bagasse and molasses. These chemicals can be used for the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals and polymers.
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Ait, Rass Hicham. "Transformation chimique du furfural en acide 2,5-furane dicarboxylique par catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10198/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la conversion par catalyse hétérogène du furfural (produit biosourcé produit, par déshydratation du xylose issu de l'hydrolyse acide de l'hémicellulose) en acide 2,5-furane dicarboxylique (FDCA, substituant potentiel de l'acide téréphtalique, monomère de polyesters et polyamides, issu du pétrole). Cette transformation a été envisagée en deux étapes catalytiques: 1) l'hydroxyméthylation du furfural en 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural (HMF) par le formaldéhyde aqueux ou le trioxane en présence d'un catalyseur acide. Les rendements maxima de 40% ont été obtenus en utilisant le formaldéhyde aqueux en présence de nanoparticules de ZSM-5. L'instabilité du furfural et du HMF dans ces conditions réactionnelles est la principale difficulté. 2) l'oxydation aérobie du HMF en FDCA. En milieu alcalin faible (Na2CO3), en présence d'un catalyseur Pt/C promu par le Bi (rapport molaire Bi/Pt = 0,2) à 100 °C et sous 40 bar d'air, le FDCA est obtenu avec un rendement quantitatif. La modification du Pt par le bismuth permet de limiter la lixiviation du Pt dans le milieu réactionnel et de recycler le catalyseur sans prétraitement préalable et sans perte significative de l'activité, comme démontré ensuite en réacteur continuThis thesis reports a study of heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of furfural (biobased product formed from the acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose) into 2,5-furane dicarboxylique acid (FDCA, possible replacement monomer for terephtalic acid for the production of polyethylene terephtalate). This transformation has been considered in two catalytic steps: 1) hydroxymethylation of furfural with aqueous formaldehyde or trioxane into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of solid acids. The maximum yields of 40% have been obtained using aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of nanoparticles of ZSM-5. The main problem was the lack of stability of furfural and HMF in reaction conditions. 2) aerobic oxidation of HMF into FDCA. HMF was oxidized in alkaline aqueous solutions over Pt-based catalysts using dioxygen from air. Promotion of the catalyst with bismuth and the presence of a weak base (Na2CO3) yielded a catalytic system with a remarkable activity and selectivity. HMF was completely and exclusively converted to FDCA within 2,5 h. The catalyst could be recovered by simple filtration and reused several times without significant loss of activity and with no platinum or bismuth leaching
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Ulbrich, Kathrin [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Reiser. "The conversion of furan derivatives from renewable resources into valuable building blocks and their application in synthetic chemistry / Kathrin Ulbrich. Betreuer: Oliver Reiser." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068055839/34.
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Muralidhara, Anitha. "Physico-chemical safety issues pertaining to biosourced furanics valorization with a focus on humins as biomass resource." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2508.
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Le travail de recherche présenté dans ce manuscrit fait partie intégrante d’un projet de recherche collaborative financé par l’Union-Européenne (Il s’agit d’un projet H2020 de type « Marie-Curie Action »), dénommé HUGS (pour « HUmins as Green and Sustainable precursors for eco-friendly building-blocks and materials »). Ce projet de recherche implique 5 partenaires (INERIS/UTC, France, Avantium, Pays-Bas, Université de Sophia Antipolis/CNRS, France, l’université de Cordoue, Espagne et le LIKAT de l’université de Rostock en Allemagne). La recherche menée dans ce projet est essentiellement structurée via la mise en place de 5 programmes sous-jacents de doctorat (intitulé « Doctorat industriel européen » dans l’appel d’offre H2020 (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015) auquel a répondu le consortium de recherche), mis en place lors du lancement du projet « HUGS » en 2016. L’objectif premier du projet HUGS concerne l’étude de divers chemins de valorisation à haute valeur ajoutée des humines. Ces résidus de biomasse, à l’instar des lignines se présentent comme des sources de carbone renouvelable à faible coût, en émergence dans nombre de bioraffineries modernes. Les humines sont des résidus complexes résultant du procédé de déshydratation par catalyse acide des polysaccharides (sucres en C5 et C6) contenus dans la biomasse lignocellulosique, ayant des cycles furaniques dans sa structure polymère. Le travail présenté ici est centré essentiellement sur les questionnements de sécurité soulevés par la phase de développement du projet. De manière plus ciblée, des actions prioritaires ont été définies, à savoir l’obtention d’un premier profilage des risques à caractère physicochimique des humines, ainsi qu’une première évaluation des risques des composés furaniques, lesquels constituent une famille de composés potentiellement très grande et représentent une voie encourageante vers le développement de nouveaux synthons au service d’une économie biosourcée. Les humines étant des résidus fatals, leur réutilisation sure et durable constitue aussi une étape stratégique dans le contexte de l’économie circulaire. De manière opérationnelle, le travail a compris les principaux axes de recherche suivants : • Revue bibliographique continue tout au long du travail de thèse concernant les humines, les composés furaniques et les matériaux associés (polymères) en termes de données relatives à la sécurité et ayant conduit aux principales informations suivantes: o Rareté /absence d’études sur les dangers physiques des humines et nombres de composés furaniques, car ces produits sont souvent au premier stade de leur développement o Malgré une la disponibilité très limitée de données pertinentes sur la sécurité, le constat est fait que les aspects de toxicité (par ingestion) sont le plus souvent le point focal des études, au détriment de l’examen des dangers physiques.o Seuls quelques composés furaniques (ethers, esters) ont spécifiquement fait l’objet de l’étude de certaines caractérisations en lien avec la sécurité (par exemple en termes de stabilité thermique), dans le cas d’application comme composants biosourcés de carburants innovants o De nombreuses variables influent sur les caractéristiques des humines et notamment leur méthode de production : ce qui signifie que les résultats obtenus sur les humines dans le cadre de ce projet (une seule source d’approvisionnement) mériteraient des travaux de consolidation dans le futur • Développements analytiques intégrant un premier examen de la distribution des points d’éclair en fonction des chaleurs de combustion des composés furaniques et une analyse des chaleurs de combustion de ces mêmes composés furaniquesThe present research work was integrated as part of the EU-funded project named HUGS (HUmins as Green and Sustainable precursors for eco-friendly building blocks and materials), involving 5 main partners (Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques - France, Avantium - the Netherlands, Institut de Chimie de Nice - France, Universidad De Cordoba- Spain and Leibniz - Institut Fur Katalyse Ev An Der Universitat Rostock- Germany). The project is essentially supported through five European Industrial Doctorate fellowships put in place when the HUGS-MSCA-ITN-2015 program was launched in 2016. The primary objective of the HUGS project was to explore several valorization pathways of so-called “humins” in order to add value and create better business cases. Humins (and similarly lignins) are the side products that may become low-cost feedstock resulting from a number of future biorefineries and sugar conversion processes. Humins are complex residues resulting from the Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration and condensation of sugars, having furan-rings in their polymeric structures. The work presented in this specific part of the HUGS project is essentially focusing on safety-related topics of all components and subsequent applications related to sugar dehydration technology. Priority actions were devoted to a first insight on the characterization of physicochemical safety profiles of the side-product humins and main (parent) furanic products. Some members of this large family of compounds (e.g. RMF and FDCA) have high volume potential which results in opening new doors towards the development of furanbased building blocks and a bio-based economy. Humins are residues or side products which can be burnt for energy. However, its safe and sustainable use in high-value applications could also become a key milestone in the so-called circular economy. In practice, the work has been developed in two main locations: primarily at the INERIS lab, located in Verneuil-en-Halatte and at Avantium, located in Amsterdam. Nearly all experimental research after the production of the components at Avantium was performed at INERIS. This involved the evaluation of physicochemical hazards of both humins (crude industrial humins and humin foams obtained by thermal curing) and a series of furanic compounds. Avantium is involved in the commercialization of humins, furanics and furanic polymers/materials as novel chemicals and materials. The work has encompassed: An extensive bibliographical review of humins, furanics, and their related products (polymers, composites) resulted in the following main conclusions o A lack of physicochemical safety-oriented studies for many furanic compounds and for humins was observed as these products are still in the early stage of development and only a few may be commercialized in the next 5 years.o Despite the limited availability of safety-related data, more studies on toxicity aspects have been conducted for a selected number of furanics than physicochemical safety-related aspects. o A few furanic family members that have been evaluated as biofuel components were found to have given better emphasis on addressing some physicochemical safety attributes. o Every modification of the process for acid-catalyzed sugar dehydration (such as solvent, temperature, residence time and sugar concentration) will result in different humins, which would certainly demand further characterization and safety profiling of the resulting humins. • Analytical development integrating the first examination of flash point distribution versus the Net Heating Values, and analysis of total heats of combustion of furanic compounds. • Design and development of experimental plan addressing the safety-related key parameters such as thermal stability, self-heating risks, fire-risk-assessment and flammability limits depending on the need for specific tests and availability of the test samples
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Cheng, Yu-Ting. "Catalytic fast pyrolysis of furan over ZSM-5 catalysts: A model biomass conversion reaction." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI1530357.
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Due to its low cost and availability, lignocellulosic biomass is receiving significant attention worldwide as a feedstock for renewable liquid bio-fuels. We have recently shown that zeolites can be added to a pyrolysis reactor to directly make aromatics from solid biomass in one single step in a process called catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP). The advantage of this approach is that valuable petrochemicals can be made directly from solid biomass in a single catalytic step using zeolite catalysts. However, little is known about the conversion chemistry that occurs within the zeolites during CFP. The objective of this thesis is to identify the key catalytic reactions that occur for conversion of biomass inside ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts using furan and its derivatives as model biomass compounds. The kinetic data and chemistry was obtained by using a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor, and an in-situ temperature-programmed reactor system. Furan adsorbs as oligomers at room temperature. These oligomers are converted into CO, CO2, H2O, olefins, monocyclic aromatics, and undesired polycyclic aromatics and coke at 400 - 600°C. An important route to form aromatics at 600°C is Diels-Alder reaction/dehydration where furan reacts with produced olefins and forms aromatics and water. The Diels-Alder reaction can be further utilized by co-feeding olefins with furanic compounds to tune the aromatics distribution. For example, in our experiments we were able to double toluene and triple xylenes selectivity for furan and 2-methylfuran CFP, respectively. Moreover, we synthesized a series of Ga-promoted catalysts to increase the rate of aromatics production. The aromatics selectivity obtained from furan conversion over Ga-containing ZSM-5 was 40% higher than unpromoted ZSM-5. The promotion was also observed in a bubbled fluidized-bed reactor used for pinewood CFP, where the aromatics yield was increased by 50% using a Ga-promoted ZSM-5 FCC catalyst. We finally fine-tuned ZSM-5 pores to impose more space confinement on aromatic products. These modified ZSM-5 increased p-xylene selectivity in xylenes from 32% to greater than 90% for conversion of 2-methylfuran and propylene while the overall p-xylene selectivity was increased from 5% to 15%. The Ga promotional effect was also observed on a spray-dried ZSM-5 catalyst. This study addresses the catalytic chemistry that occurs inside zeolites during CFP of biomass into aromatics using furan as a model biomass compound. Understanding this reaction chemistry can give us insight into how to design more effective zeolite catalysts and reactors for the efficient utilization of our biomass resources.
Book chapters on the topic "Furans Conversion"
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Nussbaumer, T., and P. Hasler. "Formation and Reduction of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Biomass Combustion." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1492–506. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_117.
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Ohyama, Junya, and Atsushi Satsuma. "Reductive Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Solutions by Furan Ring Opening and Rearrangement." In Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Bifunctional Catalysts, 159–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5137-1_5.
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Chatterjee, Amrita, Xijun Hu, and Frank L. Y. Lam. "Case Study 2: Development of Hydrothermally Stable Functional Materials for Sustainable Conversion of Biomass to Furan Compounds." In Sustainable Catalysis, 251–72. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693030.oth2.
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Taber, Douglass. "Preparation of Heteroaromatics." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0068.
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Masahiro Yoshida of the University of Tokushima described (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 5021) the Pt-mediated rearrangement of alkynyl oxiranes such as 1 to the furan 2. Roman Dembinski of Oakland University reported (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 5881) a related zinc-mediated rearrangement of propargyl ketones to furans. The cyclization of aryloxy ketones such as 3 to the benzofuran 4 developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 6579) by Ikyon Kim of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology is likely proceeding by a Friedel-Crafts mechanism. Sandro Cacchi and Giancarlo Fabrizi of Università degli Studi “La Sapienza”, Roma, observed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 2629) that base converted the enamine 5 to the pyrrole 6. Alternatively, oxidation of 5 with CuBr led to a pyridine. Zhuang-ping Zhuan of Xiamen University prepared (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2008, 350, 2778) pyrroles such as 9 by condensing an alkynyl carbinol 7 with a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. Richard C. Larock of Iowa State University found (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 6666) that combination of an alkynyl ketone 10 with 11 followed by oxidation with I-Cl led to the pyrazole 12. The “click” condensation of azides with alkynes, leading to the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3- triazole, has proven to be a powerful tool for combinatorial synthesis. Valery V. Fokin of Scripps/La Jolla and Zhenyang Lin and Guochen Jia of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8923) a complementary approach, using Ru catalysts to prepare 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3- triazoles. Remarkably, internal alkynes participate, and, as in the conversion of 13 to 15, propargylic alcohols direct the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition. A variety of methods have been put forward for functionalizing pyridines. Sukbok Chang of KAIST described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 9254) the direct oxidative homologation of a pyridine N -oxide 16 to give the unsaturated ester 18. Jonathan Clayden of the University of Manchester observed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 3567) that metalation of 19 gave an anion that rearranged to 20 with complete retention of enantiomeric excess. Shigeo Katsumura of Kwansei Gakuin University developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 4349) an intriguing three-component coupling, combining 21, 22, and methanesulonamide 23 to give the pyridine 24.
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Pal, Priyanka, and S. Saravanamurugan. "Conversion of cellulosic biomass to furanics." In Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals, 339–72. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824419-7.00021-2.
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Lambert, Tristan H. "Advances in Heterocyclic Aromatic Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0068.
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Rubén Vicente and Luis A. López at the University of Oviedo in Spain reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8063) the synthesis of cyclopropyl furan 2 from alkylidene 1 and styrene by way of a zinc carbene intermediate. The same substrate 1 was also converted (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12128) to furan 3 via catalysis with tetrahydrothiophene in the presence of benzoic acid by J. Stephen Clark at the University of Glasgow. Xue-Long Hou at the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry discovered (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5756) that palladacycle 6 catalyzes the conversion of bicyclic alkene 4 and alkynone 5 to furan 7. A silver-mediated C–H/C–H functionalization strategy for the synthesis of furan 9 from alkyne 8 and ethyl acetoacetate was developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 5766) by Aiwen Lei at Wuhan University. Ning Jiao at Peking University and East China Normal University found (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 4926) that azide 10 and aldehyde 11 could be converted to either pyrrole 12 or 13 with complete regiocontrol by judicious choice of a metal catalyst. Meanwhile, Michael A. Kerr at the University of Western Ontario developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 11088) a multicomponent synthesis of pyrrole 16 involving the merger of nitrone 14 and the donor–acceptor cyclopropane 15. The pyrrole 16 was subsequently converted to an intermediate in the synthesis of the cholesterol-lowering drug compound Lipitor. A robust synthesis of the ynone trifluoroboronate 17 was developed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5354) by James D. Kirkham and Joseph P.A. Harrity at the University of Sheffield, which thus allowed for the ready production of trifluoroboronate-substituted pyrazole 18. An alternative pyrazole synthesis via oxidative closure of unsaturated hydrazine 19 to produce 20 was reported (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5030) by Yu Rao at Tsinghua University. A unique fluoropyrazole construction was developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12059) by Junji Ichikawa at the University of Tsukuba that involved nucleophilic substitution of two of the fluorides in 21 to form pyrazole 22.
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Zhang, Ke, Quanxing Zheng, Zhongya Guo, Lili Fu, Qi Zhang, and Bing Wang. "Study on Pyrolysis Behaviors of Various Plant Fibers." In Cellulose - Fundamentals and Conversion Into Biofuel and Useful Chemicals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109294.
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Pyrolysis is an effective way to convert plant fibers into high-value-added chemicals and bioenergy. The pyrolysis behavior of plant fibers varies with their compositions. A high-performance anion-exchange chromatography integrated pulse amperometric method was established to detect the composition of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose in plant fiber hydrolysate. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in six plant fibers were calculated. Furthermore, the pyrolysis kinetic parameters of the plant fibers and their pyrolysis product distribution depending on chemical compositions were analyzed. The pyrolysis of flax fiber with high cellulose content (92.19%) tended to generate ketones, accounting for about 37.3% of the total product distribution, while coniferous and broadleaf fiber with high hemicellulose contents (13.23 and 15.07%, respectively) was more likely to generate aldehydes and hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the result of pyrolysis of a grass fiber demonstrated the interactions between its chemical components, which had been captured during pyrolysis from the perspective of pyrolysis product distribution that inhibits the pyrolysis to generate CO2, and promoted the generation of furan, phenols, and toluene, to different degrees. The research results are expected to provide basic data and theoretical support for obtaining high-value-added chemicals and biomass energy through the pyrolysis of plant fibers.
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Smith, Eric C. "“Comforts and mercies, losses and crosses”." In Oliver Hart and the Rise of Baptist America, 199–221. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197506325.003.0010.
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The first half of the 1770s was a major transitional period for Oliver Hart. Many of the most important figures in his life, including his hero, George Whitefield, and his wife, Sarah, died. (Sarah’s death provides an opportunity to reflect on the role of women in the colonial Baptist South and on the attraction they found to the Baptist faith.) At the same time, important new figures were assuming a larger role in his life, including his understudy Edmund Botsford and the promising young Separate Baptist preacher Richard Furman. Hart struggled in the domestic sphere during the period of his widowhood, contending especially with his unruly son, John, away at Rhode Island College. He was relieved to find a new wife in Anne Marie Sealy Grimball, a member of the Charleston Baptist Church in whose conversion Hart had been instrumental some years before.
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Mitchell, Jennifer. "Mythologizing Masochisms." In Ordinary Masochisms, 21–32. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066677.003.0002.
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This chapter is a comparative reading of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch’s Venus in Furs, from which masochism is so named, and the Old Testament tale of Samson and Delilah in order to claims Samson as the actual “father” of masochism. Putting the two texts into conversation enables readers to understand that Samson willingly and pleasurably positions himself as subjected to Delilah—a conclusion made plausible by Severin, the protagonist of Venus in Furs. Chapter 1 argues that the long literary history of masochism begins not with Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, but with the mythical man his protagonist idolizes and the long erotic legacy of betraying women as a result.
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Lambert, Tristan H. "Synthesis of Heteroaromatics." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0069.
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Peter Wipf at the University of Pittsburgh utilized (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 167) an alkynol-furan Diels-Alder reaction to convert 1 into the hydroxyindole 2. An intramolecular Larock indole synthesis was employed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4902) by Yanxing Jia at Peking University for the conversion of aniline 3 to tricyclic indole 4. The reaction of boronodiene 5 with nitrosobenzene to produce pyrrole 6 was reported (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 5414) by Bertrand Carboni at CNRS University of Rennes and Andrew Whiting at Durham University. The merger of imine 7 with propargyl amine 8 in the presence of a strong base, leading to pyrrole 9, was disclosed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3146) by Boshun Wan at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Bin Li and Baiquan Wang at Nankai University found (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 136) that pyrrole 12 could be prepared by the oxidative annulation of enamide 10 with alkyne 11 via ruthenium catalysis in the presence of copper(II). Naohiko Yoshikai at Nanyang Technological University demonstrated (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1966) that N-allyl imine 13 could be cyclized to pyrrole 14 via dehydrogenative intramolecular Heck cyclization. Rhett Kempe at the University of Bayreuth developed (Nature Chem. 2013, 5, 140) a “sustainable” pyrrole synthesis in which iridium complex 17 catalyzed the dehydrogenative coupling of alcohol 15 and phenylalaninol (16) to produce pyrrole 18. In a related process, David Milstein at the Weizmann Institute of Science found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4012) that the ruthenium complex 20 effected the transformation of 2-octanol (19) and 16 to furnish pyrrole 21. An alternative ruthenium-catalyzed pyrrole synthesis from readily available components was developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 597) by Matthias Beller, allowing for the preparation of 25 from ketone 22, diol 23, and amine 24. Meanwhile, with a bit of hetero-aromatic alchemy, Huw M.L. Davies at Emory University converted (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 4716) the furan 26 to pyrrole 28 by reaction with triazole 27 under rhodium catalysis. Professor Kempe also developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 6326) a method for the synthesis of pyridine 30 from amino alcohol 29 and propanol using an iridium catalyst closely related to 17.
Conference papers on the topic "Furans Conversion"
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Kessler, Travis, Eric R. Sacia, Alexis T. Bell, and J. Hunter Mack. "Predicting the Cetane Number of Furanic Biofuel Candidates Using an Improved Artificial Neural Network Based on Molecular Structure." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9383.
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The next generation of alternative fuels is being investigated through advanced chemical and biological production techniques for the purpose of finding suitable replacements to diesel and gasoline while lowering production costs and increasing process yields. Chemical conversion of biomass to fuels provides a plethora of pathways with a variety of fuel molecules, both novel and traditional, which may be targeted. In the search for new fuels, an initial, intuition-driven evaluation of fuel compounds with desired properties is required. Due to the high cost and significant production time needed to synthesize these materials at a scale sufficient for exhaustive testing, a predictive model would allow chemists to preemptively screen fuel properties of potentially desirable fuel candidates. Recent work has shown that predictive models, in this case artificial neural networks (ANN’s) analyzing quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR’s), can predict the cetane number (CN) of a proposed fuel molecule with relatively small error. A fuel’s CN is a measure of its ignition quality, typically defined using prescribed ASTM standards and a cetane testing engine. Alternatively, the analogous derived cetane number (DCN), obtained using an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), is a direct measurement alternative to the CN that uses an empirical inverse relationship to the ignition delay found in the constant volume combustion chamber apparatus. DCN data points acquired using an IQT were utilized for model validation and expansion of the experimental database used in this study. The present work improves on an existing model by optimizing the model architecture along with the key learning variables of the ANN and by making the model more generalizable to a wider variety of fuel candidate types, specifically the class of furans and furan derivatives, by including specific molecules for the model to incorporate. The new molecules considered include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methylfuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 5,5′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)bis(2-methylfuran), 5,5′-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylene)bis(2-methyltetrahydrofuran), tris(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methane, and tris(5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methane. Model architecture adjustments improved the overall root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of the base database predictions by 5.54%. Additionally, through the targeted database expansion, it is shown that the predicted cetane number of the furan-based molecules improves on average by 49.21% (3.74 CN units) and significantly for a few of the individual molecules. This indicates that a selected subset of representative molecules can be used to extend the model’s predictive accuracy to new molecular classes. The approach, bolstered by the improvements presented in this paper, enables chemists to focus on promising molecules by eliminating less favorable candidates in relation to their ignition quality.
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Duo, Wenli, Ibrahim Karidio, Larry Cross, and Bob Ericksen. "Combustion and Emission Performance of a Hog Fuel Fluidized Bed Boiler With Addition of Tire Derived Fuel." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-016.
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Salt-laden hog fuel (wood waste) is burnt in a fluidized bed boiler converted from a travelling grate boiler to generate steam for a specialty paper mill. The converted boiler has a design capacity of 156 t/h of steam from hog and actual generation has varied from 76 to 107% of the design capacity. The conversion has resulted in more stable operation, more complete combustion, less ash production, reduced boiler maintenance, and lower fossil fuel consumption. Tire derived fuel (TDF) is used as a supplementary fuel. With an energy content of 33 GJ/t for TDF, as compared to 8 GJ/t for wet hog, addition of 2–5% TDF by weight increased the bed temperature by an average of 55°C, stabilized and improved the combustion of low quality hog and high moisture content sludge. The impact of TDF addition was studied in detail. Stack emissions were tested and bottom and fly ash samples were analyzed. Although TDF contains 1% zinc and 5 to 7% steel wire, addition of TDF did not affect total particulate emissions from the boiler. SO2 emissions were increased due to the high sulfur content of TDF (1.6%). A good correlation was obtained from the test results, showing that the addition of TDF resulted in a reduction in both the total formation and the stack emissions of dioxins and furans.
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Lei, Hanwu, Shoujie Ren, James Julson, Lu Wang, Quan Bu, and Roger Ruan. "Microwave Torrefaction of Corn Stover and Tech-Economic Analysis." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50230.
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Microwave torrefaction of corn stover with particle size of 4 mm was investigated and the effects of reaction temperature and time on the yields of volatile, bio-oil and torrefied biomass were determined. The response surface analysis of the central composite design (CCD) showed that the yields of volatile, bio-oil and torrefied biomass were significantly affected by the reaction temperature and time. Three linear models were developed to predict the yields of conversion products as a function of temperature and time. A first order reaction kinetics was also developed to model the corn stover torrefaction. Ph values of torrefaction bio-oils ranged from 2.3 to 2.76 which were similar to those of bio-oils from biomass pyrolysis. GC/MS analysis for torrefaction bio-oils showed that the organic acid was about 2.16% to 12.00%. The torrefaction bio-oils also contain valuable chemical compounds such as phenols, furan derivatives and aliphatic hydrocarbons determined by a GC/MS. There are no aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in the torrefaction bio-oils. The torrefaction biogas was mainly consisted of ch4, c2h6, c3h8, which was about 56 wt% of the total bio-gas. The biogas can be used for chemical synthesis or electricity generation. The heating values of torrefied biomass were from 18.64–22.22 MJ/kg depending on the process conditions. The heating values of torrefied biomass were significantly greater than those of raw biomass and similar to those of coals. The energy yields of torrefied biomass from 87.03–97.87% implied that most energy was retained in the torrefied biomass. Economic analysis indicated that the biomass microwave torrefaction plant located in a farm is profitable.
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De Oliveira Vigier, Karine, Christophe Coutanceau, and Steve Baranton. "Electro-oxidation of glycerol and diglycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based electrocatalyst follows by the reductive amination of the products obtained." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/olba8004.
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The selective electro-oxidation of bio-based organic molecules such as glycerol, polyglycerols, saccharides and furanic compounds has received particular attention in recent years, due to the high value-added compounds that result and their numerous industrial applications. Electrochemical methods are therefore well suited for the controlled oxidation of small organic molecules in aqueous media. Glycerol valorization through partial oxidation is a good way of obtaining many different molecules with high added value such as glyceric acid, tartronic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde etc., that can find various applications in different domains such as organic chemistry, medical, and cosmetic industries. Here we have studied the electro-oxidation of glycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based catalysts. The development of mono- and bimetallic catalysts based on platinum on the one hand and palladium on the other hand for the electro-oxidation of glycerol is a very important goal to direct the reaction pathways to desired products.            Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method were characterized by physicochemical (TEM, XRD, ATG, SAA and ICP-OES) and electrochemical (active surface and surface composition study) methods in order to obtain a correlation between surface structure and electrochemical response. The reactivity of glycerol and diglycerol in alkaline medium was evaluated to determine the catalyst offering the best conversion. A selectivity study of these catalysts was performed by in situ infrared spectroscopy to determine the reaction intermediates. The distribution of reaction products was determined by HPLC analysis and 1H and 13C NMR analyses.
           Reductive amination reactions with ammonia on the one hand and n-butylamine on the other hand on products identified as being of interest (glyceraldehyde/dihydroxyacetone) were carried out in the presence of hydrogen and catalyzed by palladium-based nanoparticles dispersed on carbon.
Reports on the topic "Furans Conversion"
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Chadderdon, Xiaotong Han. Electrochemical conversion of biomass-derived furanics for production of renewable chemicals and fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1593368.
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Coulombe, S., G. Jean, P. Chantal, and S. Kaliaguine. Characterization of products from the conversion of furanic compounds to hydrocarbons on zeolite using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302618.
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