Journal articles: 'Fur industry'

1

Guay, Danielle, and Jack Siemiatycki. "Historic cohort study in montreal's fur industry." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 12, no. 2 (1987): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700120207.

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2

Myers, Heather. "From fur to fir: Lessons for the BC forest industry from the anti-fur campaign." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77077-1.

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BC's forest industry is feeling internal and international pressure to change its practices, and there is an increasing move to certification, amidst debates about preferred certification modes. This reflects changes in the economies of many of Canada's rural and northern communities, which have traditionally been dependent upon natural resources, but are now coming under pressure from the global community – not only in economic terms, but in terms of social values. As demography changes, and with it, social and economic values, this pressure is likely to continue. The Canadian North first felt such pressure as a result of the European boycott of the Newfoundland seal hunt, and then anti-trapping boycotts that have occurred periodically since then. These campaigns have had a profound effect on the lifestyles, cultures and sustainability of the northern communities. Over almost three decades, the government, non-government organizations and people of the North have had to learn to deal with and respond to these external campaigns that threaten them. The lessons they have learned about the nature of these campaigns could be useful to the province of British Columbia, which is now coming under increasing pressure from Europe and the US regarding its forestry practices. This paper outlines the evolution and characteristics of the international campaigns against sealing and trapping, as well as the experiences of northerners in dealing with them. It goes on to apply these lessons to the BC situation, with some recommendations for appropriate responses. Fundamentally, these campaigns reflect changing demographic and social characteristics and values in North America and Europe, and the changing relationship of people to natural resources, but they also raise questions about fair reflection of the variety of stakeholder interests in resource decision-making, and the limits on definition of "stakeholders." Key words: Boycotts, resource use

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3

Semos, Nikolaos, Dotas Vasilios, and Bampidis Vasilios. "Development Strategies for the Fur Farming Industry in Greece." Open Journal of Business and Management 09, no. 06 (2021): 2683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2021.96148.

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Semos, Nikolaos, Vasilios Dotas, and Stamatis Aggelopoulos. "FACTORS THAT SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUR FARMS: THE CASE STUDY OF GREECE." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(6).894.900.

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This study aims to discuss the key factors that can contribute to the development of the fur industry in Greece. The industry consists of two sub-sectors i.e. production and processing of fur skins (raw material), and the production of fur garments. The profitability of fur-bearing farms, considered from the perspective of investment and further international fur trade, and both these were examined in this study because these two sub-sectors are closely linked. The results obtained from the analysis of the two fur production sub-sectors showed that the investment of capital in the industry can expect positive returns while at the same time creating well-paid jobs. Although not presenting a comparative advantage, but the foreign trade of fur garments produced in the region can gain competitiveness if some of the strategies used by Greek fur companies are adjusted. Results of the current study can be concluded that despite the weaknesses that emerge from the results of this study, both sub-sectors of the fur industry can make a significant contribution to the development of the local community of Western Macedonia.

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5

Gutbrod, Matthias. "Problemloser fur die Kautschukindustrie / Probblem Solvers for the Robber Industry." Applied Rheology 6, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arh-1996-060111.

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6

Lukyanova, A. V. "MODEL OF OBTAINING KEY COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES THE COMPANIES OF THE FUR AND FUR INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN MARKET." Business Strategies, no. 4 (May 23, 2018): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2018-4-27-43.

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The market of products from natural fur and skin takes a special place in the Russian market of clothes, first of all it is connected with that fact that this production is one of the most expensive of all type of goods of light industry, and also in connection with severe climatic conditions of the Russian Federation demand for products from natural fur and skin is high during an autumn and winter season. In article an attempt to analyse competitive strategy of players of the market pushno – the fur industry is made. Conclusions became results of research that for the companies of the fur and fur industry a key role play: 1) The known brand which causes positive associations in the client and installs confidence in the quality, offered production; 2) The wide model range offered on a choice of the client; 3) The qualified personnel which not only adjusts the consumer on purchase, but also can answer all questions concerning quality of production, the cut, actual trends, ruled socks, cleanings, storages, etc.; 4) Planning and registration of trade space (window dressing and effective zoning of space of shop).

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7

Lukyanova, A. V. "Model of obtaining key competitive advantages the companies of the fur and fur industry in the Russian market." Business Strategies, no. 6 (July 10, 2018): 03–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2018-6-03-19.

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The market of products from natural fur and skin takes a special place in the Russian market of clothes, first of all it is connected with that fact that this production is one of the most expensive of all type of goods of light industry, and also in connection with severe climatic conditions of the Russian Federation demand for products from natural fur and skin is high during an autumn and winter season. In article an attempt to analyse competitive strategy of players of the market pushno – the fur industry is made. Conclusions became results of research that for the companies of the fur and fur industry a key role play: 1) The known brand which causes positive associations in the client and installs confidence in the quality, offered production; 2) The wide model range offered on a choice of the client; 3) The qualified personnel which not only adjusts the consumer on purchase, but also can answer all questions concerning quality of production, the cut, actual trends, ruled socks, cleanings, storages, etc.; 4) Planning and registration of trade space (window dressing and effective zoning of space of shop).

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8

Akramova, Fazilat. "HISTORY OF WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES IN LIGHT INDUSTRY OF UZBEKISTAN." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 06 (June 19, 2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-07.

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This article provides a detailed overview of the role and importance of women's participation in the light industry of Uzbekistan. The history of human society is unthinkable without light industry. With the development of a person, his needs grew, and in particular his needs for clothes, shoes, fabrics. The textile, sewing, leather and fur and footwear industries developed. The impetus for industrialization and the development of capitalism was the development of textile production.

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9

Brinia, Vasiliki, and Harilaos Vanidis. "Detection of Training Needs of Workers in the Fur Industry: The case of Macedonia Greece." Journal of Education and Training 5, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jet.v5i2.13021.

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The paper investigates the training needs of workers in the fur industry and suggests the design of a respective training program. Based on the views of the workers themselves, the paper detects the theoretical knowledge and the practical skills necessary for their employment in this field as well as it identifies training gaps. In order to gain access to a big sample, the region of Macedonia, Greece was chosen as the place at which the field research took place, as it presents the highest numbers in fur production in the country. Qualitative field research, through semi-structured interviews, has been conducted. The main findings of the survey showed that there is no training support for the fur industry in Greece, both at the level of initial education and at the level of continuous training of the employees in it. The workers’ participation in a specialized training program will contribute to the upgrading of the industry, according to the workers’ views.

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10

Boghossian, Johnny, and Jose Carlos Marques. "Virtue Transfer: Shedding Core-Stigma in the Canadian Wild Fur Industry." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (August 2020): 21695. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.297.

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11

Sferopoulos, Nikolaos. "Three Distinct Episodes of Thumb Felon in a Fur Industry Worker." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 3, no. 4 (January 10, 2013): 1766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2013/4176.

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12

Miar, Younes, Graham Plastow, Zhiquan Wang, and Mehdi Sargolzaei. "PSVII-39 Late-Breaking Abstract: Enhancing production and Aleutian disease resilience in mink through advanced genomics." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.606.

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Abstract The fur industry is one of the oldest and the most historically significant industries in Canada. The industry has used American mink (Neovison vison) as the major source of fur for decades because of their high-quality fur and wide range of colours. This project will seek to (1) create the first accurate whole-genome sequence assembly of mink using next-generation sequencing technology to help understanding the biology and evolution of the order Carnivora, (2) design a robust and informative SNP assay for genomics discovery in mink, (3) discover genome structure and signature of selection as well as identify new genetic variants explaining variation in economically important traits, and (4) identify the genetic relationships among these traits including feed efficiency, Aleutian disease resilience, fur quality, reproductive performance, growth rate and pelt size. One hundred mink DNA samples from the Canadian Centre for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Agriculture Campus (Truro, Nova Scotia), and one breeding population (Millbank Fur Farm Limited, Rockwood, Ontario) were sequenced using next-generation whole-genome sequencing with more than 30x coverage to create the first SNP assay for American mink. A DNA panel composed of these sequenced mink from five color-types were assembled to identify the most homozygous individual as the reference animal for whole-genome sequence assembly development. The phenotypic data and DNA samples from 3,323 animals were collected and will be genotyped using the customized assay. The ultimate objective is to develop new tools for implementation of marker assisted selection or genomic selection in mink breeding programs for development of superior, highly efficient, and healthy animals. This approach will help improve the overall performance of the North American mink industry, which is now in difficulty due to several economic factors such as the high price of feed, declining price of fur and prevalence of diseases.

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13

Алексеева, O. Alekseeva, Кириленко, and Aleksandr Kirilenko. "Current status of fur farming in the Irkutsk region and measures to improve its effectiveness." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 3 (December 14, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6487.

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This article examines the status of agriculture in the Irkutsk region in the dynamics. It identifies the main reasons for the decline of major products production. The paper considers the current status of fur farming industry in the region. It may be noted, that due to the reduction of livestock and pigs, the production of milk and meat was significantly reduced. Only the production of eggs looks good, thanks to the timely conduct of agricultural integration in the Agricultural Producers Cooperative “Okinckiy” and Agricultural JSC “Belorechenskoe”. Presently, among of 4 fur farms of Priangarya, there is only one, JSC “Bolsherechensky” is functioning. Currently, this company protected in the government commission an investment project for the development of fur farming in 2011-2015 and has begun to implement it. As one of the effective tools for the development of the industry, they offer a scheme of relationships, based on a franchising agreement, where as the franchisor will perform JSC “Bolsherechensky”, and as a franchisee - slaughter area.

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14

Declercq, Robrecht. "Transnational Entrepreneurs? German Entrepreneurs in the Belgian Fur Industry (1880 to 1913)." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 60, no. 1 (2015): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0342-2852-2015-1-52.

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15

Declercq, Robrecht. "Transnational Entrepreneurs? German Entrepreneurs in the Belgian Fur Industry (1880 to 1913)." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2015-0104.

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16

Boghossian, Johnny, and José Carlos Marques. "Saving the Canadian Fur Industry’s Hide: Government’s strategic use of private authority to constrain radical activism." Organization Studies 40, no. 8 (February 21, 2019): 1241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618815928.

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We examine the relationship between private and public regulatory authority in contexts characterized by radical transnational activist contestation against industry practices. Employing a comparative case design, we study government responses to similar activist campaigns calling for a trade ban on Canada’s sealing and fur industries. Relying on conventional public authority, the Canadian government was unable to prevent a European ban on seal skin products, leading to the collapse of its sealing industry. In contrast, its response to anti-fur trapping activists successfully employed private authority in the form of a standard-setting multi-stakeholder initiative (MSI). Doing so not only averted a ban but effectively shut down international debate over restrictions concerning the sale of products using trapped fur. Drawing from social movement theory on activist heterogeneity and political opportunity structure, we introduce a novel conceptualization of standard-setting MSIs as strategic instruments employed by governments to constrain the political opportunities for radical transnational activists. Our findings contribute to the literatures examining interactions between private and public regulatory authority, instruments of government repression and the political dynamics surrounding MSIs.

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17

Stolbov, Sergei G., and Nikolai A. Balakirev. "The state of the fur business in the world." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 10 (2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202110011.

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The paper assesses the activities of the cellular fur farming industry in the world, while noting the role of Russia. The world cellular fur farming, since the beginning of the last century, has been steadily developing and has achieved some success, annually producing 40–45 million skins, this was the optimum that allowed, along with meeting the needs of the world's population in fur, to regulate pricing policy. At the beginning of the XXI century, this balance was disturbed, some countries, such as China, Denmark, began to increase livestock, which led to overproduction of products, from this the price of fur fell. In 2020, the pandemic made adjustments, the number of caged fur-bearing animals in almost all countries sharply decreased. Question: who will have time to occupy the vacant niche? The role of Russia in this period.

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18

Tišljar, Marina, D. Janić, and Ž. Grabarević. "Stress-induced Cushing's syndrome in fur-chewing chinchillas." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.50.2002.2.1.

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One of the most serious problems in the chinchilla industry is 'fur-chewing', when the chinchilla bites off areas of its own or some other animal's fur. The condition generally develops in both genders at the age of 6-8 months. In chinchilla farms in Croatia an incidence of 15-20% has been observed. A pathomorphological, microbiological and parasitological investigation was conducted on eleven 6- to 11-month-old chinchillas of both sexes with clinical symptoms of 'fur-chewing' and three chinchillas without such signs. Histopathology of the adrenal glands and of the chewed skin revealed changes typical of Cushing's syndrome in 'fur-chewed' chinchillas, such as hyperkeratinisation of the epidermis, epidermal atrophy, pronounced follicular and sebaceous gland atrophy, hyperkeratinisation of the follicles with comedo formations and the presence of calcium salts in subcutis.

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19

Apiolaza Acevedo, Cristian, and María Ignacia Uribe Rojas. "Covid-19, fashion and public policy: the dangers of confining wild animals for the fur industry." Derecho Animal. Forum of Animal Law Studies 11, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/da.526.

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20

Merler, Enzo, Paolo Boffetta, Giovanna Masala, Valeria Monechi, and Franca Bani. "A Cohort Study of Workers Compensated for Mercury Intoxication Following Employment in the Fur Hat Industry." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 36, no. 11 (November 1994): 1260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199411000-00016.

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21

Godart, Frederic Clement, Greta Hsu, and Giacomo Negro. "Social protest and cultural factors in the adoption of fur in the global fashion industry." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 18489. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.18489abstract.

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22

Rantisi, Norma. "Fashioning the Fur Industry in Montreal: Forging a New Production Paradigm or Recasting the Old?" International Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Change Management: Annual Review 11, no. 1 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9524/cgp/v11i01/49336.

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23

Bezuglova, Olga, and Aleksandr Klimenko. "Application of Humic Substances in Agricultural Industry." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030584.

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Increasing agricultural productivity and, in particular, the productivity of livestock is one of the primary tasks in the present stage of development of society. This involves rational feeding and the use of biologically active substances, including humic preparations that activate the digestive and metabolic processes in the animal, promoting the transformation of feed nutrients in assimilable form, raising daily milk production and weight gain, and can play an important role in solving this urgent problem. The applications of humic substances in animal husbandry are diverse, but their use as feed additives is not developed sufficiently, and in the EU countries it is not sanctioned. Researchers in different countries have shown that humic substances in animals operate on the cellular and subcellular level, as they do in plants. Low molecular weight fractions HS enter the cell and are involved in metabolic processes, contributing to the optimization of inorganic ion passage through the intestinal wall, thereby promoting the absorption of minerals necessary for normal functioning of the organism. That is how the stimulating influence of humic substances on separate systems and on the organism as a whole is manifested. Humic substances formed from various natural materials are currently being tested in various branches of animal husbandry (cattle, pig breeding, poultry farming, fish farming, fur farming), and all the information received presents convincing evidence of the high efficiency of the humates. Such materials as peat and brown coal, vegetable waste, and vermicompost can act as a source of humic substances. However, in each case, more research is needed, specifying the dosage and schedule of their use.

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24

Stecenko, A. A. "ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS IN THE LIGHT AND FOOD INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA IN 2005-2018." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 3(72) (April 15, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.72.645.

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The materials of this article include a comparative analysis of the structure of investments in machinery, equipment, and vehicles in the total volume of fixed capital investments aimed at reconstruction and modernization in the light food industry of the Russian Federation. The structure of investments in food production, including beverages, tobacco production, textile production, clothing production, fur dressing and dyeing, and leather, leather products, and footwear production is presented in detail.

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25

Palapa, N., N. Pron, and O. Ustymenko. "The condition of livestock industry in Poltava region." Agroecological journal, no. 4 (December 17, 2016): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2016.271193.

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Article considers the problem of major livestock industries development in Poltava region, namely cattle farming, pig breeding, poultry raising and those that have spread in recent decades — horse breeding, beekeeping, fur farming, pondfish farming. It is shown in dynamics (1991–2013) the number of cattle, including cows and pigs, sheep and goats in the context of agricultural enterprises and households and all other categories of farms, that indicates about significant decrease in number of animals compared with 1991. It was found that sheep and goat population declined the most rapidly, especially in agricultural enterprises. During 1991–1996 the total number of the animals decreased in four times — to the level of 263.4 thousand heads, but on the contrary in household plots, inclusively to 2006 the number of them was higher than the population in 1991 and in 2013 totaled 37.8 thousand heads that is almost corresponding to the level in 1991 — 38.3 thousand heads. It is studied that despite the great potential of Ukraine in livestock development, namely presence of favorable natural and climatic, land and labor resources etc. this agricultural sector is characterized by a rather serious condition. In the context of global crisis, domestic animal husbandry requires even more effective government protection. Therefore, in our opinion, the detail analyze of cattle industry confirms that we have negative tendencies in livestock development: reduction of animal population, significant decrease of livestock productivity, deterioration of its quality, which, in turn, led to the deterioration of product quality and reduction of production, and hence — also the consumption of healthy food products.

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26

Maslakov, Alexey A., Kelsey E. Nyland, Nina N. Komova, Fedor D. Yurov, Kenji Yoshikawa, and Gleb N. Kraev. "Community Ice Cellars In Eastern Chukotka: Climatic And Anthropogenic Influences On Structural Stability." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-71.

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The large community ice cellar designs in eastern Chukotka are unique within the Arctic due to the mixed influences from the indigenous Chukchi people and western industry. Community ice cellars here were designed and constructed in the 1950s-60s to accommodate both food stores for local indigenous residents and feed stores for Arctic fox fur farms. Like much of the Arctic, this region is undergoing unprecedented climate change. Air temperatures within the study area have been increasing at an average rate of 0.7°C per decade since the 1950s. Exacerbating the adverse effects of the warming climate is the lack of ice cellar maintenance in communities where the fur industry did not survive the transition to a market economy. Today, all but two community ice cellars in eastern Chukotka have flooded or collapsed. Presented in this work are thermal records from two cellars in the region that allow for both climatic and anthropogenic influences on the cellars’ structural integrity to be evaluated. Particularly effective ice cellar maintenance practices utilized in the community of Lorino were 1) wintertime ventilation, and 2) placing large blocks of river ice in the cellar in spring to mitigate spring and summer warming.

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27

Klein, Juan Luis, Diane Gabrielle Tremblay, Jean Marc Fontan, and Nathalie Guay. "The uniqueness of the Montreal fur industry in an apparel sector adrift: the role of proximity." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 7, no. 2/3/4/5 (2007): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2007.012886.

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28

McIntosh, Rebecca R., Karina J. Sorrell, Sam Thalmann, Anthony Mitchell, Rachael Gray, Harley Schinagl, John P. Y. Arnould, Peter Dann, and Roger Kirkwood. "Sustained reduction in numbers of Australian fur seal pups: Implications for future population monitoring." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): e0265610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265610.

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Fur seal populations in the Southern Hemisphere were plundered in the late 1700s and early 1800s to provide fur for a clothing industry. Millions of seals were killed resulting in potentially major ecosystem changes across the Southern Hemisphere, the consequences of which are unknown today. Following more than a century of population suppression, partly through on-going harvesting, many of the fur seal populations started to recover in the late 1900s. Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), one of the most geographically constrained fur seal species, followed this trend. From the 1940s to 1986, pup production remained at approximately 10,000 per year, then significant growth commenced. By 2007, live pup abundance had recovered to approximately 21,400 per year and recovery was expected to continue However, a species-wide survey in 2013 recorded a 20% decline, to approximately 16,500 live pups. It was not known if this decline was due to 2013 being a poor breeding year or a true population reduction. Here we report the results of a population-wide survey conducted in 2017 and annual monitoring at the most productive colony, Seal Rocks, Victoria that recorded a large decline in live pup abundance (-28%). Sustained lower pup numbers at Seal Rocks from annual counts between 2012–2017 (mean = 2908 ± 372 SD), as well as the population-wide estimate of 16,903 live pups in 2017, suggest that the pup numbers for the total population have remained at the lower level observed in 2013 and that the 5-yearly census results are not anomalies or representative of poor breeding seasons. Potential reasons for the decline, which did not occur range-wide but predominantly in the most populated and long-standing breeding sites, are discussed. To enhance adaptive management of this species, methods for future monitoring of the population are also presented. Australian fur seals occupy several distinct regions influenced by different currents and upwellings: range-wide pup abundance monitoring enables comparisons of ecosystem status across these regions. Forces driving change in Australian fur seal pup numbers are likely to play across other marine ecosystems, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere where most fur seals live.

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Stewardson, C. L. "THE IMPACT OF THE FUR SEAL INDUSTRY ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF CAPE FUR SEALSARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS PUSILLUSON THE EASTERN CAPE COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 54, no. 2 (January 1999): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359199909520626.

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30

Antunes, Margarida M., Andreia F. Silva, Carolina D. Bernardino, Auguste Fernandes, Filipa Ribeiro, and Anabela A. Valente. "Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Acid Reactions of Furfural and 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural over Hf-TUD-1 Type Catalysts." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 7203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237203.

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Heterogeneous catalysis, which has served well the petrochemical industry, may valuably contribute towards a bio-based economy by sustainably enabling selective reactions to renewable chemicals. Carbohydrate-containing matter may be obtained from various widespread sources and selectively converted to furanic platform chemicals: furfural (Fur) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (Hmf). Valuable bioproducts may be obtained from these aldehydes via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) using alcohols as H-donors under relatively moderate reaction conditions. Hafnium-containing TUD-1 type catalysts were the first of ordered mesoporous silicates explored for the conversion of Fur and Hmf via CTH/alcohol strategies. The materials promoted CTH and acid reactions leading to the furanic ethers. The bioproducts spectrum was broader for the reaction of Fur than of Hmf. A Fur reaction mechanism based on literature data was discussed and supported by kinetic modelling. The influence of the Hf loading and reaction conditions (catalyst load, type of alcohol H-donor, temperature, initial substrate concentration) on the reaction kinetics was studied. The reaction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of 2-(alkoxymethyl)furan ethers formed from Fur; up to 63% yield was reached at 88% Fur conversion, 4 h/150 °C, using Hf-TUD-1(75), which was a stable catalyst. The Hf-TUD-1(x) catalysts promoted the selective conversion of Hmf to bis(2-alkoxymethyl)furan; e.g., 96% selectivity at 98% Hmf conversion, 3 h/170 °C for Hf-TUD-1(50).

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Puente, César, Janneth Jara-Samaniego, Alexander Guapulema, and Diego Burbano-Salas. "Composting treatment of fur waste originating from tannery." F1000Research 9 (April 2, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22244.1.

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The tanning industry generates effluents with a high contaminant load represented in a considerable amount of liquid, solid, and gaseous waste. Solid waste, such as residual hair, fat, and meat, are dumped directly in landfills, triggering serious environmental problems. The objective of this research was to compost this waste, previously desulfurized, in a mixture with remnants from pruning as a bulking agent. This low-cost strategy may reduce the total amount of waste. A composting pile was created using residual hair and pruning remnants in a proportion of 3:1 (w/w) and then an inoculum was added. The waste degrading process ran for 141 days, followed by a maturation period of 64 days. Throughout the process, the temperature, moisture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored. The highest temperature reached was 69.7°C, which secured good disinfection. The EC was 0.27 dS/cm, having lower values than Spanish regulations, possibly due to the salt removal over the irrigation periods. The organic matter content decreased continuously, to reach an endpoint of 42%; this result agrees with the high organic matter content of the tannery waste and the pruning remnants. Germination index was 43.55%, which indicates the presence of phytotoxic substances. As compared to the initial value (10.73%) there was partial degrading of these substances. The challenge is to improve this parameter by identifying new mixtures and adding efficient microorganisms that help to degrade phytotoxic substances.

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Indira, Annajmia Sofi. "Hunting of Birds in the Dutch East Indies for the 19-20 Century Fashion Industry." Al-Isnad: Journal of Islamic Civilization History and Humanities 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/isnad.v2i2.4855.

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The exploitation of the natural environment that occurred in the Dutch East Indies could not be separated from the influence of trade factors and the arrival of foreign nations. As happened to cloves in Maluku, nutmeg in Banda, sandalwood in Nusa Tenggara, teak in Java and birds of paradise in Irian. This hunt was influenced by the growth of the fashion industry in Europe and America which used fur as decoration on women's coats or hats at that time. The boom in demand for the feathers of these exotic birds reached its peak in the late 19th century. On the other hand, the concern about hunting, which is considered to be increasing over time, has caused reactions from various circles to produce several policies to suppress animal hunting that can lead to extinction.

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Baillie, Heidi. "Magic bullet misses possum target." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070001.

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For New Zealand forests, possums are the Black Death. Sadly, a plague of furry gluttons was unleashed on the New Zealand environment in the mistaken view that they would sustain a fur industry and therefore the economy. As with so many 19th century introductions, the few protesting voices were ignored in what was fatefully thought to be the greater interest. A bright idea went catastrophically wrong, crushing a unique fauna and flora through sheer weight of numbers.

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Chatzitheodoridis, Fotios, and Achilleas Kontogeorgos. "Exploring of a Small-Scale Tourism Product under Economic Instability: The Case of a Greek Rural Border Area." Economies 8, no. 3 (June 28, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030052.

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The Regional Unit of Kastoria is a rural area in Northwestern Greece, located on the borderline with Albania. Kastoria city, the capital and the largest city of the Kastoria Regional Unit, is known for the production of high-quality fur products. The fur industry has faced a marked crisis from the 1980s onwards, which has contributed to pushing the local economy towards the development of tourism. However, the tourism industry, developed during the last 20 years, has an undefined character. Specifically, tourism is characterized as small-scaled owing to the limited number of mainly domestic tourists, who, in combination with the economic crisis of the last decade, slowed down the initial accelerated trend. The purpose of this paper is to capture the opinions and attitude of Kastoria visitors towards tourism, as well as to illustrate the changes as a consequence of the economic crisis. In this context, a survey was carried out in two periods (in 2008 at the beginning of economic crisis and in 2017 at the end of this crisis) using a structured questionnaire and with a sample of 232 visitors in total. Our findings are highlighted in an effort for policy makers and marketing planners to formulate appropriate marketing strategies and to reconstruct and promote the local touristic product and attract visitors in these border areas.

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Rantisi, Norma M. "Exploring the role of industry intermediaries in the construction of ‘Local Pipelines’: The case of the Montreal Fur Garment Cluster and the rise of Fur–Fashion connections." Journal of Economic Geography 14, no. 5 (June 12, 2014): 955–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu019.

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Dibbern, J. Stephen. "Fur seals, whales and tourists: a commercial history of Deception Island, Antarctica." Polar Record 46, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008651.

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ABSTRACTDeception Island in the South Shetland Islands was the site of some of the earliest commercial activity to be carried out in the Antarctic with the early 19th century hunting of Antarctic fur seals. Nearly a century later it was the site of the most extensive anchorage for the reconstructed ships and ocean liners used as non-pelagic whale processing factories. Deception was also the site of what is the only successful land based commercial activity in Antarctic history. The Hektor whaling station operated in Whalers Bay from 1912 until 1931. Most of the remains of the station have now been obliterated by the volcanic activity that occurred in the late 1960s and 1970. By the later part of the twentieth century Deception Island had become a regular stop for the growing Antarctic tourist cruise industry. No other place in Antarctica has been so thoroughly identified with commercial activity.

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Bespalko, Denis N. "Organization of Hunting and Trade Economy in Vitim-Olyokminsky District in 1930–1938." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 470 (2021): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/470/14.

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The article presents a comprehensive study of the problems of the hunting and trade economy of Vitim-Olyokminsky District in 1930-1938. The source base of the research is represented by documents of the State Archive of Zabaikalsky Krai that have not been introduced into academic discourse. Among them are documents of the district and regional planning of fur stocks, as well as reports on the economic and cultural development of the district over a 5-year period, from 1931 to 1936, which outlined the fundamental directions of the development of traditional sectors of the economy and, first of all, the fur trade. Particularly valuable are the field materials of land surveying and research expeditions, which left detailed reports on the statistical and economic state of the district. The study of the topic was carried out in accordance with the basic principles of historical research, the principles of objectivity and historicism. Based on these principles, the article defines and uses a number of methods of scientific knowledge: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, concrete-historical. In the course of the study, the following aspects are consistently analyzed: the state of the regulatory framework for the introduction of new practice in trade legislation, the regulation of the hunting process and the procurement of fur raw materials, their implementation and control in the hunting areas and organizational and delivery fees, objective difficulties in practical implementation, planning of fur harvesting by regional and district harvesting structures, the difference in indicators arising on a given soil. The features of the quarterly allocation and its implementation, the problems of organizing labor and overcoming the systemic crisis of the trade industry of the national economy, the timing of the trade season, the technique of procurement of fur raw materials are thoroughly disclosed. The implementation of the program of biological and zootechnical measures aimed at enriching the commercial fauna of the district is considered. The district and regional authorities, within the indicated chronological framework, were forced to hastily solve complex problems that existed in the region in prerevolutionary times and aggravated in the 1920s-1930s. A significant part of the planned activities was implemented through trial and error; nevertheless, this contributed to the general growth of the fur raw material sector of the economy and an increase in the level of commercial labor productivity. At the same time, the greatest difficulties were in personnel and financial problems - they became the main reasons for the inhibited development of the entire organizational and technical complex of the district trade industry.

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KOWALSKA, DOROTA, and ANDRZEJ GUGOŁEK. "European badger." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 75, no. 01 (2019): 6185–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6185.

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The European badger (Meles meles) is the largest member of the mustelid family (Mustelidae) found in Poland. It lives almost all over Eurasia, except northern areas of the former Soviet Union and the Scandinavian countries. The European badger most often inhabits densely wooded areas. It feeds on both animal and plant foods, and is classified as a carnivore. Badger skins are not fully used in the fur industry They are usually used for production of skin rugs and accessories, such as hunting bags.

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KOWALSKA, DOROTA, and ANDRZEJ GUGOŁEK. "European badger." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 75, no. 02 (2019): 6189–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6189.

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The European badger (Meles meles) is the largest member of the mustelid family (Mustelidae) found in Poland. It lives almost all over Eurasia, except northern areas of the former Soviet Union and the Scandinavian countries. The European badger most often inhabits densely wooded areas. It feeds on both animal and plant foods, and is classified as a carnivore. Badger skins are not fully used in the fur industry They are usually used for production of skin rugs and accessories, such as hunting bags.

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Amanolahi Baharvand, Peyman, and Bakhtiar Sadjadi. "The Upholders of Anthropocentrism and Biocentrism in Annie Proulx’s Barkskins." Anafora 7, no. 1 (2020): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/anafora.v7i1.9.

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As the bedrocks of the French imperialism in North America, the fur trade and the logging industry led to a drastic depletion in the populations of fur-bearing animals, particularly that of the beaver, and massive deforestation on the continent. Examining Annie Proulx’s Barkskins from an ecocritical point of view, this article seeks to investigate the novel’s representations of the detrimental impact of anthropocentrism. We will show that the prevalence of anthropocentrism in New France resulted in the over-harvesting of beavers to procure precious pelts for European markets, where fur clothes were in vogue during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In this scenario, French merchants went from rags to riches at the cost of losing myriads of beavers. On the other hand, our study will also address the indirect endorsement of biocentrism by the indigenous North Americans, who refrained from inflicting irreparable damage on nature in a vast territory in which the European settlers relentlessly cut ancient trees to make their fortunes. Hence, the focus of this article is the distinction between the perspectives on the natural world held by French settlers and Native Americans in Barkskins.

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Hofmeyr, G., Maine M. De, Mr Beste, S. Kirkman, P. Pistorius, and A. Makhado. "Entanglement Of Pinnipeds At Marion Island, Southern Ocean: 1991-2001." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 1 (2002): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02141.

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Some 101 fur seals Arctocephalus spp. and five southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina were recorded entangled in anthropogenic debris over ten years at Marion Island, Southern Ocean. Approximately 67% of materials causing entanglement originated in the fishing industry. Polypropylene packaging straps were the most common entangling material, followed by trawl netting. Longline hooks embedded in animals, fishing line and portions of plastic were only encountered after the inception in 1996 of longline fishing in the waters around Marion Island. The incidence of entanglement of Arctocephalus spp. during the 1996-2001 longline fisheries period increased by more than 50% over that of the 1991-1996 pre-longline fisheries period. An estimated 0.24% of the populations of fur seals were entangled. The numbers of entangled M. leonina are very low. Longline fishing has had a direct, albeit small, impact on the pinniped populations

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Rantisi, Norma M. "Gendering Fashion, Fashioning Fur: On the (re)production of a Gendered Labor Market within a Craft Industry in Transition." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32, no. 2 (January 2014): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d19211.

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Santander, Javier, Greg Golden, Soo-Young Wanda, and Roy Curtiss. "Fur-Regulated Iron Uptake System of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Its Influence on Pathogenesis and Immunogenicity in the Catfish Host." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 8 (May 21, 2012): 2689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00013-12.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of bacterial pathogens to take up iron from the host during infection is necessary for their multiplication within the host. However, host high-affinity iron binding proteins limit levels of free iron in fluids and tissues. To overcome this deficiency of iron during infection, bacterial pathogens have developed iron uptake systems that are upregulated in the absence of iron, typically tightly controlled by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein. The iron uptake system ofEdwardsiella ictaluri, a host-restricted pathogen of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the main pathogen of this fish in aquaculture, is unknown. Here we describe theE. ictaluriFur protein, the iron uptake machinery controlled by Fur, and the effects offurgene deletion on virulence and immunogenicity in the fish host. Analysis of theE. ictaluriFur protein shows that it lacks the N-terminal region found in the majority of pathogen-encoded Fur proteins. However, it is fully functional in regulated genes encoding iron uptake proteins.E. ictalurigrown under iron-limited conditions upregulates an outer membrane protein (HemR) that shows heme-hemoglobin transport activity and is tightly regulated by Fur.In vivostudies showed that anE. ictaluriΔfurmutant is attenuated and immune protective in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), triggering systemic immunity. We conclude that anE. ictaluriΔfurmutant could be an effective component of an immersion-oral vaccine for the catfish industry.

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Colpitts, George. "Itinerant Jewish and Arabic Trading in the Dene’s North, 1916-1930." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 163–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025000ar.

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In late nineteenth century and especially in the interwar years, “free traders” took advantage of better transport systems to expand trade with Dene people in the Athabasca and Mackenzie Districts. Well versed in fur grading and supported by credit in the expanding industrializing fur industry in the south, “itinerant” peddlers worked independently and often controversially alongside larger capitalized fur companies such as the Hudson’s Bay Company. A large number of these newcomers were Jews. This article suggests that Jews and, to a lesser extent, Lebanese and other Arabic traders became critical in the modernization of the Canadian North. They helped create an itinerant trader-Dene “contact zone” where the mixed meaning of credit, cash, and goods transactions provided northern Aboriginal trappers the means to negotiate modernism on their own terms in the interwar years. However, by the late 1920s, the state, encouraged by larger capitalized companies, implemented policies to restrict and finally close down this contact zone. The history of itinerant trading, then, raises questions about the long-term history of capitalism and co-related economic neo-colonialism in the Canadian north and their impact on First Nations.

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Ling, JK. "Impact Of Colonial Sealing On Seal Stocks Around Australia, New Zealand And Subantarctic Islands Between 150 And 170 Degrees East." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 1 (2002): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02117.

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Details of southern elephant seal oil and fur seal and sea lion skin cargoes have been extracted from a large number of secondary sources dealing with Australian and New Zealand maritime history, which in turn referred to numerous primary sources of information. The data were collated and analysed for ten areas in the south-west Pacific region and published recently in two separate larger works. This review is a synthesis and analysis of the impact of the colonial sealing industry on seal stocks in the region, based on those papers, with some minor revisions and reference to works by other authors. Colonial sealing lasted from the late 18th to the mid- 19th century and was followed by sporadic hunting until the late 1940s. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were hunted for their oil; and Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri), Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) and New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) were targeted for their skins and some oil. At least 1,081 tons of elephant seal oil were shipped from King Is. between 1802 and 1819, while 8,380 tons were shipped from Macquarie Is. between 1810 and 1919. More than 1.4 million skins of both species of fur seals were harvested between 1792 and 1949, but only 4,000 Neophoca and 5,700 Phocarctos pelts are recorded as having been shipped by 1840. The Antipodes Islands yielded more than a quarter of the total fur seal skin harvest, and New Zealand and southern Australia each delivered a quarter of the total. Current numbers of the two species of fur seals combined are about a tenth of the crudely estimated size (1.5 million) of the original population. The exploited fur seals and sea lions were probably the same species as occur today at the original sealing localities, apart from Macquarie Is. where the identity of the exploited fur seals remains in doubt. There is some evidence that Maoris and Australian Aborigines hunted seals in pre-European times, resulting in reduced ranges and depleted stocks that were exploited later by colonial sealers.

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Stope, Matthias Bernhard. "The Raccoon (Procyon lotor) as a Neozoon in Europe." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020273.

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The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a North American half-bear that is present in much of Europe and Asia as a result of both accidental and planned releases. In Europe, raccoons were introduced primarily as a source of fur for the fur industry. In the 1930s, raccoons were released into the wild in Central Europe. At the same time, animals from fur farms and private holdings continued to enter the wild. In the following decades, the raccoon spread over large parts of Europe. In addition to the invasive spread of the Central European initial population, individual releases of raccoons occurred frequently, mainly in Southern Europe. The high adaptability of the raccoon favors its expansion into new habitats. It has a high reproductive rate, is very mobile, and encounters few predators in Europe. Raccoons have recently become a topic of interest when large raccoon populations have colonized suburban and urban areas. Despite the proximity of raccoons and humans, however, there have been hardly any conflicts to date, unlike in North America. A significant negative impact on the native fauna has been suspected but not proven. Raccoons have been identified as vectors of zoonotic diseases. Nevertheless, monitoring of the increasing numbers of raccoons in Europe seems advisable.

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Peck, Robert McCracken. "A painter in the Bering Sea: Henry Wood Elliott and the northern fur seal." Polar Record 50, no. 3 (November 21, 2013): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247413000703.

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ABSTRACTHenry Wood Elliott (1846–1930), a U.S. Treasury official assigned to monitor the harvest of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands in the 1870s, became a self-taught expert on, and defender of, the species. His careful documentation of the seals’ breeding behaviour, and of their commercial harvest, complemented by hundreds of detailed and evocative watercolours, provides a unique record of this once abundant species and the lucrative industry that revolved around it. Elliott's outspoken lobbying on behalf of the seals’ protection is often credited with saving the species from extinction. His paintings of the seals, the seal harvest, and life on the Pribilof Islands in the second half of the nineteenth century constitute an unmatched historical record of this remote region.Elliott was able to witness two full breeding seasons (and harvesting) of the fur seals during his initial stay on the Pribilofs from April 1872 to October 1873. He returned to the islands to conduct a follow-up census of the seals, on behalf of the U.S. Government, in the summer of 1874. He traveled there unofficially and at his own expense in 1876. His fourth trip to the Pribilofs was in the spring of 1890 (again on behalf of the U.S. Department of the Treasury), in response to news of a dramatic decline of the seal populations. In April, 1891, because of his public revelation of mismanagement of the fur seal harvest, Elliott was fired by the Treasury. He continued his tireless lobbying on behalf of the fur seals as a private citizen for the rest of his life. He visited the Pribilofs for the last time on behalf of the House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor in the summer of 1913. Born in Cleveland Ohio on November 13, 1846, Elliott died in Seattle Washington on May 25, 1930.

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Aaltonen, Kirsi J., Ravi Kant, Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen, Mikkel Lindegaard, Mirja Raunio-Saarnisto, Lars Paulin, Olli Vapalahti, and Tarja Sironen. "Comparative Genomics of 42 Arcanobacterium phocae Strains." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060740.

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For the last 13 years, the fur industry in Europe has suffered from epidemic spouts of a severe necrotizing pyoderma. It affects all species currently farmed for fur and causes animal welfare problems and significant losses to the farmers. The causative agent of this disease was identified as Arcanobacterium phocae. Previously, this bacterium has been isolated from seals and other marine mammals, apparently causing wound and lung infections. Attempts at antibiotic treatment have been unsuccessful and the current advice on preventing the disease is to cull all animals with clinical signs. This poses an urgent question regarding possible vaccine development, as well as the need for further understanding of the pathogenicity of this organism. This study compared the whole genomes of 42 A. phocae strains isolated from seals, blue foxes, finnraccoons, mink and otter. The sequences were created using the Illumina technology and annotations were done using the RAST pipeline. A phylogenetic analysis identified a clear separation between the seal strains and the fur-animal-derived isolates, but also indicated that the bacterium readily adapts to new environments and host species with reasonable diversity. A pan- and core-genome was created and analyzed for proteins. A further analysis identified several virulence factors as well as multiple putative and secreted proteins of special interest for vaccine development.

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Do, Duy Ngoc, Guoyu Hu, Pourya Davoudi, Ali Shirzadifar, Ghader Manafiazar, and Younes Miar. "Applying Machine Learning Algorithms for the Classification of Mink Infected with Aleutian Disease Using Different Data Sources." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182386.

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American mink (Neogale vison) is one of the major sources of fur for the fur industries worldwide, whereas Aleutian disease (AD) is causing severe financial losses to the mink industry. A counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) method is commonly employed in a test-and-remove strategy and has been considered a gold standard for AD tests. Although machine learning is widely used in livestock species, little has been implemented in the mink industry. Therefore, predicting AD without using CIEP records will be important for controlling AD in mink farms. This research presented the assessments of the CIEP classification using machine learning algorithms. The Aleutian disease was tested on 1157 individuals using CIEP in an AD-positive mink farm (Nova Scotia, Canada). The comprehensive data collection of 33 different features was used for the classification of AD-infected mink. The specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and F1 measure of nine machine learning algorithms were evaluated for the classification of AD-infected mink. The nine models were artificial neural networks, decision tree, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting method, K-nearest neighbors, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, naive bayes, and random forest. Among the 33 tested features, the Aleutian mink disease virus capsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found to be the most important feature for classifying AD-infected mink. Overall, random forest was the best-performing algorithm for the current dataset with a mean sensitivity of 0.938 ± 0.003, specificity of 0.986 ± 0.005, accuracy of 0.962 ± 0.002, and F1 value of 0.961 ± 0.088, and across tenfold of the cross-validation. Our work demonstrated that it is possible to use the random forest algorithm to classify AD-infected mink accurately. It is recommended that further model tests in other farms need to be performed and the genomic information needs to be used to optimize the model for implementing machine learning methods for AD detection.

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Baek, Eunyoung. "A Study on FDI and Technology Export: From Korea to Vietnam." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2022.24.3.65.

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The paper puts an in-depth study on Korea's technology trade competitiveness with Vietnam, Korea's No. 1 foreign direct investment and the No.1 technology trade surplus country. In addition, it investigates the impact on technology exports according to the type of investment and the purpose of investment in Vietnam when making foreign direct investments. The trade specialization index was used as an analysis tool to analyze the technology competitiveness of specific industries, and multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and technology exports by its type and purpose. Firstly, a result of the analysis of the trade specialization index reveals that Korea's technology competitiveness with Vietnam was high across all industry sectors. Still, the technological competitiveness of the apparel, accessories, and fur industries is weakening every year. Also, Korea's technological competitiveness with Vietnam continues to decline in non-metallic minerals and basic etals from the material industry, which is the basis for high-tech sectors such as the semiconductor industry. On the other hand, a result of regression analysis suggests that the technology exports from Korea have increased in the form of joint investment and decreased when Korean companies invested with the aim of cost reduction when entering the Vietnamese market. This study identifies Korea's strong technology competitiveness with Vietnam in each specific industry, but the competitiveness has been weakening in some industries like apparel and material industries. It is also significant in that the impact on domestic technology exports varies depending on the purpose and type of foreign direct investment in Vietnam. It affects Korea's technology exports accordingly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fur industry'

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