Relevant bibliographies by topics / Funnel flow silo

Academic literature on the topic 'Funnel flow silo'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Funnel flow silo"

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Waktola, Selam, Laurent Babout, and Krzysztof Grudzien. "3D Segmentation of Funnel Flow Boundary During Silo Emptying." Image Processing & Communications 19, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2014): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2015-0018.

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Abstract The paper presents an automatic method for segmenting 3D tomography images of a funnel flow area, during silo emptying process. For generating 3D images the silo model was scanned using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) system. The method has been applied for a chosen single slice from 3D image. The image segmentation is based on the variance of pixels calculation in defined interrogation window (or kernel). The analysis of Signalto- Noise-Ratio (SNR) of the given image allows to improve the contrast in the image and facilitate the detection the boundary between funnel area and stagnant zone. The obtained results of image segmentation show a high potential in the silo flow investigation using in-situ experiment using X-ray visualization. Additionally, the study indicates that, the separation of the silo area into the funnel and stagnant zone parts is a very challenging task especially for the top and bottom area of silo where the contrast is the smallest.
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Grudzień, Krzysztof, and Dominik Sankowski. "METHODS FOR MONITORING GRAVITATIONAL FLOW IN SILOS USING TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE PROCESSING." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4577.

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The article presents the methods of monitoring of the process of gravitational silo discharging with aid of tomography techniques. The described methods apply to funnel and mass flow measurement. The core unit of the presented monitoring system is an image-processing module, while the images are obtained with aid of the electrical capacitance tomography. For the funnel type of flow, the outputs of image processing are parameters describing the process flow, location and material concentration in funnel area. In the case of the mass flow regime the presented method provides information about the parameters of shear zones arising by the wall region of the silo that influence the interaction between the bulk and silo construction during silo discharging.
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Waktola, Selam, Krzysztof Grudzien, and Laurent Babout. "3D Reconstruction of Funnel Flow Boundary Using Automatic Point Set Extraction." Image Processing & Communications 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2015-0038.

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Abstract The paper presents an automatic point set extraction method for reconstructing 3D tomography images of funnel flow boundary. The method clearly shows the boundary between the funnel flow and stagnant zone during silo discharging process. After adjusting the contrast of the original X-ray CT image and applying filter function, the intensity profile of the image shows a high jump corresponding to the local flow boundary position at a specific height of the silo model. By extracting and connecting those jump points gave us a boundary line of the funnel flow from the stagnant. The outcome of segmented image opens a door for analysing further about funnel flow in 3D images.
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Feng, Yong, Caihua Yu, and Fan Pan. "Effect of Friction Coupling on Discharge Velocity Profiles and Force Chain Distribution of Maize Particles in Silos." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 23, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6655054.

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The evolution mechanism of discharge velocity profiles and force chain distribution of maize particles in silos was studied based on the interaction between internal and external rolling friction of particles. Through EDEM, the silo and maize grain models were established for unloading simulation, whose flow pattern was compared with the silo unloading test to verify the rationality of the simulation. By slice observation, we compared and analyzed the time evolution rules of particle mesoscopic parameters under different friction conditions. The results show that the larger the interparticle friction coefficient is, the longer the total discharge time is and the smaller the coefficient of rolling friction between particles, the earlier the particle flow from mass flow to funnel flow. For silos with the funnel, the reduction of interparticle friction will change the limit between the mass flow and the funnel flow, thus increasing the area of the funnel flow. When the coefficient of rolling friction increases, the vertical velocity and angular velocity of the particle near the silo middle increase. However, the effects of internal and external friction coupling on the vertical velocity of the side particle, the horizontal velocity of the whole particle, and the spatial distribution and probability distribution of the force chain are more significant.
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Hammadeh, Hala, Farzat Askifi, Andrzej Ubysz, Marek Maj, and Amjad Zeno. "Effect of using insert on the flow pressure in cylindrical silo." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 41, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0022.

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AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of the discharge flow pressure in the vertical silo and the hopper due to the use of insert (top cone with trunk cone bottom). Using the Insert inside the silos is one of the proposed solutions to avoid the problems of having funnel flow pattern, which has a significant effect on the distribution of flow pressure exerted on the silo wall and the hopper. The experiments were performed on a metal cylinder prototype; corn was used as a granular material, and the wall and hopper pressure distribution was measured by a special pressure transducer. The experiments revealed an important result in the flow pressure due to the change in the location of the insert. The experiments were conducted in Damascus University laboratories.
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Jung, Hwabin, and Won Byong Yoon. "Determination and Validation of Discrete Element Model Parameters of Soybeans with Various Moisture Content for the Discharge Simulation from a Cylindrical Model Silo." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122622.

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This study investigates the physical parameters that affect the flow patterns of soybeans with various moisture content (12% to 60%) at varying orifice sizes (20, 40, and 60 mm) in a cylindrical silo. The flow conditions required to obtain a steady mass flow during discharge were evaluated via experiments and three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulation. The discharged mass flow rates at different flow conditions provided the critical size of the orifice. If the reduced diameter (Dred) of an orifice is >5.59, the flow showed a steady state. Based on the mass flow index (MFI), the flow patterns at 40% and 60% moisture content at 40 and 60 mm orifice sizes, respectively, showed funnel flows. although these flow conditions were satisfied to maintain a steady flow. The maximum wall pressure for the funnel flow showed the location of the interlocking phenomenon where the stagnant zone began during discharging. DEM simulation was validated through the mass profiles using the parameters obtained by the experiments. This study demonstrates that the experimental and analytical results with DEM simulation predict the flow behaviors of soybeans well at various moisture contents. These results are useful for designing silos for continuous food processing.
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Escudero, Florencia, Marcela Camila Villagrán Olivares, Rodolfo Uñac, Ana María Vidales, and Jesica Benito. "Silo discharge: influence of the particle shape on the velocity profiles." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124903029.

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Experiments on the discharge of a silo with an inclined outlet are performed using flattened seeds in order to evaluate the validity of a previous theoretical formulation developed in our work group [1]. In that description, funnel flow regime is assumed to be based on a free fall parabolic arc. The shape of this arc is described with a parameter which is the only one involved in the flow rate formulation. An experimental analysis of the behavior of this parameter is carried out based on the geometry and shape of the grains within the silo. Also, video analysis of the silo discharge is performed in order to investigate the velocity profiles at the outlet of the hopper for these non-spherical particles. Experiments are contrasted with analytical predictions derived from the proposed formulation in order to assess and discuss its validity for the case of flattened particles.
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Waktola, Selam, Andre Bieberle, Frank Barthel, Martina Bieberle, Uwe Hampel, Krzysztof Grudzień, and Laurent Babout. "Study of Flow Behavior of Granular Material Inside Cylindrical Silo Using Ultrafast X-Ray Imaging Technique." Image Processing & Communications 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2017-0012.

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Abstract This paper presents an application of an ultrafast electron beam X-ray CT scanner for investigating the gravitational flow behavior of granulates through cylindrical silo model. The CT scanner allows obtaining crosssectional images of the granular material distribution with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm and a time resolution of 2 kHz. In order to conduct a deep analysis of the granular flow concentration changes, two image processing algorithm steps were applied. The first step deals with preprocessing and re-centering stacks of raw images. The second step divides the preprocessed image into several concentric rings and calculates the mean value to study radial concentration changes. Independent analysis of granular concentration in each ring provides useful knowledge to study the silo discharging during mass flow and funnel flow.
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Nascimento, José W. B. do, José P. Lopes Neto, and Michael D. Montross. "Horizontal pressures in cylindrical metal silos and comparison with different international standards." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 4 (August 2013): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000400002.

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The focus of this research was to evaluate the horizontal pressures on a cylindrical metal silo of corrugated walls and flat bottom with 1.82m diameter and 5.4m high, and to compare the values with those obtained theoretically by the ISO 11697, EP 433 and AS 3774 standards. The silo was symmetrically filled and constant speed with wheat cv. soft red for two different height/diameter ratios (H/D) and was unloaded through three orifices with a diameter of 71.6mm, one concentric and two eccentrics. Horizontal pressures were measured on the walls of the silo at three positions using hydraulic type pressure cells. The results showed that shortly after the start of the unloading, there was a mass flow above the quota of H/D = 1.2, whereas below this quota funnel flow occurred. It can be said that the EP 433 standard was more appropriate to predict horizontal pressures in silos in H/D ratio = 1.0, with eccentric unloading. For the H/D ratio = 1.5, AS 3774 standard was the one that produced values closer to the experimental.
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Garbaa, Hela, Lidia Jackowska-Strumiłło, Krzysztof Grudzień, and Andrzej Romanowski. "Application of electrical capacitance tomography and artificial neural networks to rapid estimation of cylindrical shape parameters of industrial flow structure." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0046.

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Abstract A new approach to solve the inverse problem in electrical capacitance tomography is presented. The proposed method is based on an artificial neural network to estimate three different parameters of a circular object present inside a pipeline, i.e. radius and 2D position coordinates. This information allows the estimation of the distribution of material inside a pipe and determination of the characteristic parameters of a range of flows, which are characterised by a circular objects emerging within a cross section such as funnel flow in a silo gravitational discharging process. The main advantages of the proposed approach are explicitly: the desired characteristic flow parameters are estimated directly from the measured capacitances and rapidity, which in turn is crucial for online flow monitoring. In a classic approach in order to obtain these parameters in the first step the image is reconstructed and then the parameters are estimated with the use of image processing methods. The obtained results showed significant reduction of computations time in comparison to the iterative LBP or Levenberg-Marquard algorithms.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Funnel flow silo"

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(13978911), Fang Weidong. "Dynamic wall loads in grain silos." Thesis, 1993. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Dynamic_wall_loads_in_grain_silos/21357822.

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The problem of the pressure distribution in a reinforced concrete silo exhibiting funnel flow was considered when the GRAINCO Queensland Cooperative Association Limited approached the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Central Queensland after a series of aeration duct collapses had occurred in the silos at Gladstone Grain Terminal, Central Queensland, Australia. Initial investigations indicated that only Jenike, Johanson and Carson had developed a procedure for computing the peak pressure at the switch in concentric funnel flow silos, and only a few sets of experimental results taken from full scale funnel flow silos were available.

Research to date has concentrated on the pressure distribution on the hopper walls of a funnel flow silo, particularly in dynamic condition. In this investigation Jenike' s funnel flow theory was followed. Design codes AS3774-1990 and ACI313-77 were evaluated. Special pressure transducers were designed and made to measure the normal pressures exerted by grain on the concrete walls of the containing silo. This investigation experimentally determined the pressure profiles on the hopper walls of the funnel flow silo during filling and discharge conditions. Normal wall pressure records indicated that unstable flow patterns were developed in the silo. Repeating dynamic overpressures were recorded on the hopper walls at random intervals after discharge from the silo had begun. The experimental results were compared with existing funnel flow theories and codes of practice and were presented in the form of graphs suitable for the immediate application to design practice.

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He, Yanyan. "Investigation of the mechanics of funnel flow in relation to draw-down and loads on buried structures in stockpiles." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1058796.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Silos and gravity reclaim stockpiles are widely used to store and handle bulk materials in industry. The rathole mechanism for funnel flow in silos or gravity reclaim stockpiles, and the loads on support structures buried in stockpiles, play a decisive role in determining the dimensions of silos and their support structures, and are closely related to the stress conditions developed within the bulk solid handled. Therefore, the reliability and efficiency of these storage facilities can be enhanced by employing optimal designs based on a good understanding of the stress conditions. However, thus far, the stress conditions in silos or stockpiles during storage and flow have not been satisfactorily examined in the field of bulk solids handling. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to investigate these stress conditions. In order to investigate the performance of funnel flow, laser devices were employed to depict rathole profiles occurring in silos and gravity reclaim stockpiles. Different silo geometrical configurations and different bulk materials were applied in the experimental investigation. In addition, the experimental outcomes obtained by a probe-profile gauge in 1987 were also used in the comparison regarding rathole geometries and draw-down heads between all the experimental results and the theoretical predictions from Roberts and Jenike’s theories. The results reveal that Roberts’s hoop stress theory is capable of predicting the rathole geometry, especially for funnel flow occurring in gravity reclaim stockpiles. The work presented also investigates the loads exerted on support structures, such as a column buried in a stockpile. A laboratory scale test rig was established with two different column setups employed to determine the loads acting on the columns. Tekscan tactile pressure sensors and load cells were used to measure the normal pressure distributions on the column faces and total vertical and lateral forces exerted on the column, respectively. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation work corresponding to the experiments was also undertaken to explore the load conditions. Although deficiencies exist in the current cohesive contact model in the DEM software packages applied, the normal loads and shear loads were obtained from both the experimental and simulation work, and the comparison between them showed reasonable agreement. This verifies Roberts’s load analysis theory in terms of the loads on buried structures.
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Book chapters on the topic "Funnel flow silo"

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White, Robert E. "Where the Vine Roots Live." In Understanding Vineyard Soils. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199342068.003.0007.

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Chapter 3 gives examples of how grapevines, being woody perennials, have the potential to develop extensive, deep root systems when soil conditions are favorable. One of the most important factors governing root growth is a soil’s structure, the essential attributes of which are • Spaces (collectively called the pore space or porosity) through which roots grow, gases diffuse, and water flows • Storage of water and natural drainage following rain or irrigation • Stable aggregation • Strength that not only enables moist soil to bear the weight of machinery and resist compaction but also influences the ease with which roots can push through the soil The key attributes of porosity, aeration and drainage, water storage, aggregation, and soil strength are discussed in turn. Various forces exerted by growing roots, burrowing animals and insects, the movement of water and its change of state (e.g., from liquid to ice) together organize the primary soil particles—clay, silt, and sand—into larger units called aggregates. Between and within these aggregates exists a network of spaces called pores. Total soil porosity is defined by the ratio . . . Porosity = Volume of pores/Volume of soil . . . A soil’s A horizon, containing organic matter, typically has a porosity between 0.5 and 0.6 cubic meter per cubic meter (m3/m3)—also expressed as 50% to 60%. In subsoils, where there is little organic matter and usually more clay, the porosity is typically 40% to 50%. Box 4.1 describes a simple way of estimating a soil’s porosity. Total porosity is important because it determines how much of the soil volume water, air, and roots can occupy. Equally important are the shape and size of the pores. The pores created by burrowing earthworms, plant roots, and fungal hyphae are roughly cylindrical, whereas those created by alternate wetting and drying appear as cracks. Overall, however, we express pore size in terms of diameter (equivalent to a width for cracks). Table 4.1 gives a classification of pore size based on pore function.
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Conference papers on the topic "Funnel flow silo"

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Hossfeld, Roderick J., David A. Craig, and Roger A. Barnum. "What You Need to Know to Reliably Handle Waste Coal." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-155.

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Many power producers have been designing for, or switching to waste coal. A major consideration when dealing with waste coal is the design of the fuel handling system. Since waste coal is typically finer and more cohesive and therefore harder to handle in silos, bunkers, chutes and feeders, design of the handling system for reliable, non-stagnant flow is essential. This paper describes a systematic approach to designing and retrofitting handling systems to avoid bulk solids flow problems. Potential trouble areas such as coal hoppers, silos, bunkers, and transfer chutes are discussed. Mass flow and funnel flow patterns that develop in silos and bunkers are presented. Funnel flow results in large stagnant regions, which are a major problem for coals that combust easily and are prone to problems such as arching and ratholing. Mass flow patterns, which eliminate the stagnant coal regions, are also explained. Coal properties and bunker designs that result in mass flow and funnel flow are described. Transfer chute design techniques to avoid pluggages, reduce dusting, and minimize chute wear are discussed. The Panther Creek Energy facility in Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania is used as an example where solids flow handling methodologies were used to solve handling problems with anthracite culm. The modifications presented were required for reliable, stagnant-free coal flow, which prevented belt slippage and high belt loading on gravimetric feeders.
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