Academic literature on the topic 'Fungicides'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fungicides"
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Tompros, Adrianna, Mark Q. Wilber, Andy Fenton, Edward Davis Carter, and Matthew J. Gray. "Efficacy of Plant-Derived Fungicides at Inhibiting Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Growth." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101025.
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The emerging fungal amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), is currently spreading across Europe and given its estimated invasion potential, has the capacity to decimate salamander populations worldwide. Fungicides are a promising in situ management strategy for Bsal due to their ability to treat the environment and infected individuals. However, antifungal drugs or pesticides could adversely affect the environment and non-target hosts, thus identifying safe, effective candidate fungicides for in situ treatment is needed. Here, we estimated the inhibitory fungicidal efficacy of five plant-derived fungicides (thymol, curcumin, allicin, 6-gingerol, and Pond Pimafix®) and one chemical fungicide (Virkon® Aquatic) against Bsal zoospores in vitro. We used a broth microdilution method in 48-well plates to test the efficacy of six concentrations per fungicide on Bsal zoospore viability. Following plate incubation, we performed cell viability assays and agar plate growth trials to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of each fungicide. All six fungicides exhibited inhibitory and fungicidal effects against Bsal growth, with estimated MIC concentrations ranging from 60 to 0.156 μg/mL for the different compounds. Allicin showed the greatest efficacy (i.e., lowest MIC and MFC) against Bsal zoospores followed by curcumin, Pond Pimafix®, thymol, 6-gingerol, and Virkon® Aquatic, respectively. Our results provide evidence that plant-derived fungicides are effective at inhibiting and killing Bsal zoospores in vitro and may be useful for in situ treatment. Additional studies are needed to estimate the efficacy of these fungicides at inactivating Bsal in the environment and treating Bsal-infected amphibians.
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O'Brien, RG, LL Vawdrey, and RJ Glass. "Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and its effect on field control." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 3 (1988): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880417.
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Decreased fungicidal control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht: Fr.) Poll.) in commercial cucurbit crops led to an investigation to determine whether fungicide resistant strains were present. In field trials, fungicides such as bupirimate (100 mg a.i. L-I), dimethirimol (250 mg a.i. L-1), fenarimol (36 mg a.i. L-1), penconazole (40 mg a.i. L-l) and triadimefon (125 mg a.i. L-1) were less effective (P=0.01) in controlling the disease than oxythioquinox (100 mg a.i. L-1). This disagreed with earlier trial results and suggested that fungicide resistant strains may have developed. The sensitiyities of 6 isolates of S. fuliginea to 12 fungicides were determined using a leaf disc technique. Two isolates collected in fields where fungicides had been used intensively showed reduced sensitivity to fungicides from several chemical groups including the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, hydroxypyrimidines, organophosphates and benzimidazoles. Several spraying strategies were compared. The S. fuliginea populations receiving spray schedules which included the protectant fungicide oxythioquinox alone, or in alternation with a systemic (triadimefon) developed a lower proportion (66-73%) of resistant strains than those treated with systemic fungicide alone (89%). These findings suggest that S. fuliginea can develop strains with low sensitivity to several fungicides against powdery mildew. To prolong their efficacy, systemic fungicides should not be used continuously but should be reserved for use during the latter part of crop growth when disease risk is highest. Alternating or tank mixing with an effective protectant fungicide is also recommended.
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RANI, RITU, VINEET K. SHARMA, PARDEEP KUMAR, and C. MOHAN. "Impact of simulated rainfall on persistence of fungicides used against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 2 (February 12, 2015): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i2.46532.
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Persistence of mancozeb 75%WP and metalaxyl 8%+mancozeb 64 %WP fungicides was studied on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves with respect to different simulated rain amounts (0, 5, 10 and 15mm) after different number of days (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) after fungicidal spray. Rainfall applied immediately after fungicidal spray removed fungicides from the leaf surface resulting in higher disease severity. As rain amount increased from 5 to 15 mm, disease was also increased in both the test fungicides. In case of metalaxyl 8%+mancozeb 64 %WP @ 0.25 per cent, disease severity was less as compared to the mancozeb 75%WP @ 0.25 per cent. The delaying of rainfall by 2 days after fungicidal spray resulted in significant reduction in disease severity in case of metalaxyl 8%+mancozeb 64%WP sprayed tomato plants. Metalaxyl 8%+mancozeb 64%WP being a systemic fungicide was absorbed into the system of the plant. However, this was not true in case of mancozeb 75%WP sprayed tomato plants. Since, mancozeb 75 %WP a non systemic fungicide was washed with the application of rain.
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Ngibad, Khoirul, Afidatul Muadifah, Lailatul Jannah Triarini, Laily Rizki Amalia, and Novita Karel Damayanti. "A review of application of natural products as fungicides for chili." Environmental and Toxicology Management 1, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v1i2.2022.
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Anthracnose disease in chillies is a serious problem for farmers. So far, synthetic fungicides have been used as solution for the treatment of this disease. However, the side effects of synthetic fungicides to public health and environment raised awareness on alternative fungicides derived from natural resources. This paper aims to review plants that are potential as an alternative to fungicides for chili plantation, fabrication of test solutions, in vitro and in vivo fungicide test. Many plants were investigated as alternatives to plant-based fungicide. The utilization of leaves as samples including rhizomes, roots, tubers, weevils, seeds, fruit, flowers and other parts of the plant. The extract fabrication method used as a fungicide test include: maceration method, gradual fractionation method, and decoction method. The maceration method is the method most widely used to extract fungicidal active compounds from plants. Some studies that carried out in vitro tests were unable to compare with synthetic fungicides so it was not possible to determine their effectiveness for plant-based fungicide for chillies when compared to synthetic fungicides. In vitro Extract of 80% alcohol and 10%/60% n-hexane of pacar cina (Aglaia odorata L.) leaves can be compared with the performance of propineb 0.2%. In addition, the 60% and 70% kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf extracts were also able to match Acrobat 0.2% performance in vitro. Based on the in vivo test, suren (Toona sureni Merr) leaf extract and nut bulbs can be used as an alternative to vegetable / natural fungicides to help overcome the problem of anthracnose in chilies.
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Tarnowski, T. L. B., A. T. Savelle, and H. Scherm. "Activity of Fungicides Against Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in Blueberry Flowers Treated at Different Phenological Stages." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (June 2008): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0961.
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The activity of fenbuconazole and azoxystrobin applied to blueberry flowers at different phenological stages against subsequent gynoecial infection by the mummy berry fungus Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi was evaluated. In the greenhouse, potted blueberry plants having flower clusters at five distinct stages (from bud scale separation to anthesis) were treated with the two fungicides. One day after anthesis (between 1 and 15 days after fungicide treatment), individual flowers were detached and inoculated with conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi in the laboratory. Four days after inoculation, hyphal ingress into the style was determined microscopically as a measure of fungicide efficacy. Results revealed a significant flower stage effect (P < 0.0001), whereby only fungicide application at anthesis but not at the four preanthesis stages reduced subsequent fungal ingress into the style. There was no significant difference between the two fungicides (P > 0.50) nor was there a significant fungicide–flower stage interaction (P > 0.30). In the field during 2 years, mature blueberry plants were treated with the two fungicides and exposed to natural pathogen inoculum. At the time of application, flower clusters at anthesis and at three preanthesis stages were selected and tagged. Mummy berry incidence in fruit developing from the tagged clusters was assessed to determine treatment effects. Whereas fenbuconazole lowered disease incidence for all preanthesis stages, azoxystrobin was effective only at the latest preanthesis stage. The discrepancy between these results and those of the greenhouse study (where there was no preanthesis activity of either fungicide) indirectly suggests post-infection fungicidal activity in the ovary, the base of which was exposed to the fungicide spray at the time of treatment for all flower phenology stages. Thus, although there appears to be insufficient translocation of the two fungicides in flowers treated at preanthesis stages to prevent stylar ingress by the pathogen, fungicidal activity in the ovary may be sufficient to halt subsequent fungal colonization, especially for fenbuconazole. To prescribe the most effective management program for flower-infecting fungi, translocation and post-infection activity of fungicides in floral tissues must be better understood.
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N. Srinivasan and M. Gunasekaran. "FIELD CONTROL OF LEAF ROT DISEASE OF COCONUT WITH FUNGICIDES." CORD 12, no. 02 (December 1, 1996): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v12i02.303.
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Leaf rot is a disease of fungal complex super imposed on root (wilt) affected coconut palms in India. A field fungicidal control trial on the disease involving contact (indofil M‑45, Fytolan) and systemic (Calixin) fungicides was conducted Fungicidal treatments, spraying of Indofil M‑45 and pouring of Calixin into axil of spindle, were found beneficial as the disease intensity reduced in newly emerged leaves. However, the extent of disease amelioration by fungicides was marginal to moderate level only. Importance of broad spectrum fungicide(s) and measures of disease protection are outlined.
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Da Silveira, Amanda Letícia, Maria Gilmara Oliveira Soares, Sarah Da Silva Costa Guimarães, Fernanda Dias Pereira, Bruna Canabarro Pozzebon, and Eduardo Alves. "AVALIAÇÃO DA SENSIBILIDADE in vitro DE ISOLADOS DE Colletotrichum spp. À FUNGICIDAS." Nativa 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i1.7443.
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Doenças pós-colheita estão entre os principais fatores que reduzem a produção da bananeira. Dentre elas a antracnose se destaca. Causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum spp. essa doença interfere na qualidade dos frutos reduzindo seu tempo de prateleira. Como medida de controle a utilização de produtos químicos tem sido a mais utilizada e com isso tem se observado a ineficiência de alguns princípios ativos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade micelial in vitro de isolados de Colletotrichum spp., submetidos a diferentes doses de fungicidas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com 5 isolados, 3 fungicidas, 4 doses (0,1; 1,0; 10; 100 mg L-1) e 3 repetições de cada tratamento. Discos de micélio de cada isolado foram adicionados em placas com as doses de cada fungicida. O crescimento micelial foi medido após o micélio dos fungos das placas controle atingirem suas bordas. Foi estimada a concentração efetiva dos fungicidas capaz de inibir em 50 % do crescimento micelial (EC50) e classificados em quatro categorias de eficiência. As análises estatísticas foram processadas com o programa SISVAR. Todos os fungicidas foram eficientes no controle in vitro, com destaque para o microbiológico. Para os isolados testados não foi observado resistência a nenhum dos fungicidas.Palavras-chave: pós-colheita; Bacillus subtillis; controle químico; antracnose. EVALUATION OF IN VITROUS SENSITIVITY OF ISOLATES OF Colletotrichum spp. TO FUNGICIDES ABSTRACT: Post-harvest diseases are among the main factors that reduce banana production. Among them the anthracnose stands out. Caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. this disease interferes in the quality of the fruits reducing their shelf life. As a control measure the use of chemicals has been the most used and with this has been observed the inefficiency of some active principles. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro mycelial sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates submitted to different doses of fungicides. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 isolates, 3 fungicides, 4 doses (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 mg L-1) and 3 replicates. Mycelial disks from each isolate were added on plates with the doses of each fungicide. Mycelial growth was measured after the fungal mycelium of the control plates reached their edges. The effective concentration of fungicides capable of inhibiting 50% of mycelial growth (EC 50) and classified into four efficiency categories was estimated. Statistical analyzes were processed using the SISVAR program. All the fungicides were efficient in the in vitro control, with emphasis on the microbiological. No resistance to any of the fungicides was observed for the isolates tested.Keywords: post-harvest; Bacillus subtillis; chemical control; anthracnose.
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Sonah, Humira, Rupesh K. Deshmukh, and Anil S. Kotasthane. "Fungicidal Interference during Infection Related Developmental Stages in Magnaporthe grisea." International Journal of Phytopathology 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.001.01.0015.
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Rice blast, a serious epidemic disease that limits grain yield worldwide is caused by fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The present investigation was carried out to identify the probable avenues of interference by different fungicides during the critical stages of infection related morphogenesis of M. grisea. Effect of six fungicides at different stages of infection related morphogenesis showed variable results like interference in conidial germination, distortion of surface structure of the spores, interference in the germ tube elongation, interference in the transfer of the cell contents from spore to appresorrium, deformity in appressorial dome, interference in the melanin deposition. We speculate the critical stages at which these fungicides may interfere. The activity of immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) which is a potential antifungal agent was equated with all the fungicides used. We hypothesize that the exposure of the M. grisea spore to the fungicide may lead to the formation of a cyclophilin CYP1-fungicide complex, which inactivates calcineurin and prevents calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase signaling and is therefore one of the target of fungicidal interference. An understanding of how fungal pathogens break the protective barrier that comprise the surface of the host plant as well as precise identification of avenues of fungicidal interference during infection related development in M. grisea will lead to novel approach for controlling plant diseases.
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Jana, Poslušná, Plachká Eva, and Mazáková Jana. "Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth." Plant Protection Science 54, No. 2 (February 10, 2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/137/2016-pps.
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The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013–2015. One single-component fungicide – Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides – Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC<sub>50 </sub>values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC<sub>50</sub> value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC<sub>50</sub> values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).
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Yellareddygari, S. K. R., Raymond J. Taylor, Julie S. Pasche, and Neil C. Gudmestad. "Quantifying Control Efficacy of Fungicides Commonly Applied for Potato Early Blight Management." Plant Disease 103, no. 11 (November 2019): 2821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0670-re.
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Early blight is an economically important foliar disease of potato in the United States. Because of the lack of resistant potato cultivars, fungicides are applied extensively to obtain adequate control. To manage early blight, standard protectant fungicides and single-site mode-of-action “specialty” fungicides are applied either alone or incorporated into a fungicide rotation program. Control efficacy at two crop growth stages (tuber initiation/early bulking and late bulking/tuber maturation) and the overall tuber yield response to standard and specialty fungicides were assessed using network metaanalytic models. Control efficacy of fungicides ranged from moderate to very high (>30 to 75%) compared with the nontreated control. For both potato growth stages, specialty fungicides performed better than standard protectant fungicides. Furthermore, control efficacy of both fungicides was higher (3 to 9%) at late bulking and tuber maturation when compared with early bulking crop growth stage. Specialty fungicide programs increased overall tuber yields by 4 and 9% over standard fungicides and nontreated control, respectively. Based on the results, more precise fungicide use recommendations and fungicide programs can be developed for early blight management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fungicides"
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Navickiene, Sandro [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos para análise de resíduos dos fungicidas Pirimetanil, Procloraz e Fluquinconazol e dos acaricidas Clofentezina e Cihexatina em frutas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105846.
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navickiene_s_dr_araiq.pdf: 800978 bytes, checksum: b4fe3a7bf6071ac49275c5ff867c6fd2 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Fungicidas, como pirimetanil, fluquinconazol e procloraz, e acaricidas, como clofentezina e cihexatina, são aplicados tanto no período de pré-colheita, como para preservar a qualidade e as características de cor e sabor das frutas durante a armazenagem, o transporte e a comercialização (procloraz). Contudo, devido à persistência dos seus resíduos nas frutas, monitoramentos devem ser realizados, empregando-se técnicas analíticas sensíveis, para avaliar se os resíduos de tais pesticidas atendem aos limites estabelecidos pelas legislações dos países exportadores e importadores. Um número reduzido de métodos para análise de resíduos dos fungicidas pirimetanil, procloraz e fluquinconazol e dos acaricidas cihexatina e clofentezina, usados no controle de doenças e pragas em culturas de frutas, estão descritos na literatura. Aliando este dado à importância econômica da produção de frutas em nosso país, foram desenvolvidos e/ou adaptados métodos eficientes, rápidos e simples para a determinação destes fungicidas e acaricidas na casca e na polpa de mamão (papaia), manga e laranja e no fruto inteiro de morango e uva. As metodologias são baseadas em extração líquido-líquido e análise individual por cromatografia a gás com detecção por captura de elétrons para procloraz e cihexatina e detecção termiônica...
Fungicides, as pyrimethanil, prochloraz and fluquinconazole, besides acaricides, as clofentezine and cyhexatin, have been used to preserve the quality of perishable fruits during their production, storage and commercialization. Also, these fungicides and acaricides are employed in the pre-harvest period. However, the presence of pesticide residues in fruits representes a serious problem, once the pesticides could become a risk to human consumption. So, the development of analytical methods looking for a rapid screening can ensure that the pesticide concentrations are below of the maximum residue limits allowed by the regulatory agencies. In the literature, some methods for the determination of pyrimethanil, prochloraz, clofentezine and cyhexatin in fruit matrices have been described. Respecting fluquinconazole, there is only a German review. Considering the subjects mentioned and that Brazil plays an important role in the worldwide production of fresh fruit, the purpose of this work was to develop simple and efficient methods for the determination of these fungicides and acaricides in peel and pulp of papaya, mango and orange, besides in grape and strawberry (entire fruit). The methodologies are based on liquid-liquid extraction. The analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection for pyrimethanil and electron-capture detection for prochloraz and cyhexatin. In addition, pyrimethanil, prochloraz, fluquinconazole and clofentezine were analyzed employing a liquid...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Scariot, Fernando Joel. "Efeito dos fungicidas mancozeb, captan e dithianon sobre Saccharomyces cerevisiae." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/2584.
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Os fungicidas são normalmente utilizados para o controle de doenças causadas por fungos fitopatogênicos em diversas culturas, incluindo frutas. Estes compostos, especialmente os descritos com atividade em múltiplos alvos, podem afetar organismos não alvos como leveduras, levando elas à morte por diferentes vias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o mecanismo de ação e de morte de três diferentes fungicidas utilizados na viticultura (mancozeb, captan e dithianon) sobre Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Os resultados mostraram que leveduras expostas ao mancozeb (100 µM, 6 h) levam a uma drástica redução da viabilidade, mas sem modificações na integridade da membrana celular. As células tratadas com mancozeb apresentaram marcadores apoptóticos como aumento na concentração intracelular de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), hiperpolarização da membrana mitocondrial e externalização de fosfatidilserina, indicando que a morte celular de S. cerevisiae ocasionada por mancozeb é apoptótica e conforme observado pelo comportamento de linhagens mutantes, segue a via metacaspase dependente. Aproximadamente 80% das leveduras tratadas com captan (20 µM, 6 h) apresentaram disfunções na membrana citoplasmática, e a drástica redução na concentração de grupos tiólicos proteicos e não proteicos. Além disso, as células que mantiveram sua integridade de membrana após a exposição ao captan, exibiram externalização de fosfatidilserina e acumulação de ROS. Mutantes com deleção em YCA1 apresentaram resistência parcial ao captan, indicando a ativação da cascata apoptótica metacaspase dependente. Em fermentações vínicas o captan (2,5 µM) atrasa o início da fermentação de maneira dose dependente, devido à drástica redução na viabilidade celular. Porém, em dosagens subletais, as células remanescentes se adaptam ao fungicida e completam a fermentação sem alterações evidentes nas características físico-químicas do produto final. Da mesma forma, leveduras tratadas com dithianon (2 µM; 3 h) mostraram aumento no número de células com permeabilização da membrana citoplasmática, aumento de ROS e redução na quantidade de tióis, mas sem sinais de apoptose. De forma geral, os resultados indicam que o mancozeb induz apoptose em S. cerevisiae via metacaspase dependente, enquanto o captan leva a morte por necrose e apoptose e o dithianon mata as células por necrose.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-05-19T12:14:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando Joel Scariot.pdf: 2337872 bytes, checksum: 6074c8b470cfba3f134e8417172b84df (MD5)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
Fungicides are currently used to control fungal phytopathogenic diseases in many crops, including fruits. These compounds, especially those described as multisite activity fungicides, can affect non-target organisms like yeasts leading to their cell death by different pathways. The objective of this work was determining the mechanism of action and death of three fungicides used in viticulture (captan, dithianon and mancozeb) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that yeast exposition to the mancozeb (100 µM, 6 h) lead to a drastic reduction of cell viability, but no modification of cell membrane integrity. Mancozeb treated cells shown apoptotic markers as increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, and phosphatidylserine externalization, indicating that mancozeb induced cell death in S. cerevisiae is apoptotic and as shown by mutants strains, follow metacaspase-dependent pathway. Almost 80% of captan treated yeasts (20 µM, 6 h) showed citoplasmatic membrane dysfunction, and a drastic reduction on both non-proteic and proteic thiol concentrations. Moreover, the cells that retain their membrane integrity after exposure to the captan exhibited phosphatidylserine externalization and ROS accumulation, indicating apoptosis. YCA1 deletion mutant exhibited partial resistance to captan, suggesting a metacaspase dependent apoptotic cascade. In wine fermentations captan (2,5 µM) delays the beginning of alcoholic fermentations in a dose dependent manner, associated with a drastic reduction on yeast viability. However, in sub-lethal dosages, the reminiscent viable cells adapted to the fungicide, grow and complete fermentation with non-evident modifications on the physicochemical characteristics of the final product. Similarly, yeast cells treated with dithianon (2 µM; 3 h) showed cell membrane permeabilization, ROS increase, and decrease of cellular thiol compounds, but no signs of apoptosis. In general, the results indicated that mancozeb induces metacaspase dependent apoptotic cell death in S. cerevisiae, where captan leads to a dual necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and dithianon kills cells by necrosis.
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Navickiene, Sandro. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos para análise de resíduos dos fungicidas Pirimetanil, Procloraz e Fluquinconazol e dos acaricidas Clofentezina e Cihexatina em frutas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105846.
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Orientador: Maria Lucia RibeiroBanca: Gilberto Casadei de Baptista
Banca: Rosalinda Carmela Montone
Banca: Ângela Regina Araújo
Banca: Alberto José Cavalheiro
Resumo: Fungicidas, como pirimetanil, fluquinconazol e procloraz, e acaricidas, como clofentezina e cihexatina, são aplicados tanto no período de pré-colheita, como para preservar a qualidade e as características de cor e sabor das frutas durante a armazenagem, o transporte e a comercialização (procloraz). Contudo, devido à persistência dos seus resíduos nas frutas, monitoramentos devem ser realizados, empregando-se técnicas analíticas sensíveis, para avaliar se os resíduos de tais pesticidas atendem aos limites estabelecidos pelas legislações dos países exportadores e importadores. Um número reduzido de métodos para análise de resíduos dos fungicidas pirimetanil, procloraz e fluquinconazol e dos acaricidas cihexatina e clofentezina, usados no controle de doenças e pragas em culturas de frutas, estão descritos na literatura. Aliando este dado à importância econômica da produção de frutas em nosso país, foram desenvolvidos e/ou adaptados métodos eficientes, rápidos e simples para a determinação destes fungicidas e acaricidas na casca e na polpa de mamão (papaia), manga e laranja e no fruto inteiro de morango e uva. As metodologias são baseadas em extração líquido-líquido e análise individual por cromatografia a gás com detecção por captura de elétrons para procloraz e cihexatina e detecção termiônica...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Fungicides, as pyrimethanil, prochloraz and fluquinconazole, besides acaricides, as clofentezine and cyhexatin, have been used to preserve the quality of perishable fruits during their production, storage and commercialization. Also, these fungicides and acaricides are employed in the pre-harvest period. However, the presence of pesticide residues in fruits representes a serious problem, once the pesticides could become a risk to human consumption. So, the development of analytical methods looking for a rapid screening can ensure that the pesticide concentrations are below of the maximum residue limits allowed by the regulatory agencies. In the literature, some methods for the determination of pyrimethanil, prochloraz, clofentezine and cyhexatin in fruit matrices have been described. Respecting fluquinconazole, there is only a German review. Considering the subjects mentioned and that Brazil plays an important role in the worldwide production of fresh fruit, the purpose of this work was to develop simple and efficient methods for the determination of these fungicides and acaricides in peel and pulp of papaya, mango and orange, besides in grape and strawberry (entire fruit). The methodologies are based on liquid-liquid extraction. The analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection for pyrimethanil and electron-capture detection for prochloraz and cyhexatin. In addition, pyrimethanil, prochloraz, fluquinconazole and clofentezine were analyzed employing a liquid...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Llorente, i. Cabratosa Isidre. "Desenvolupament d'un sistema de previsió de risc d'infecció per Stemphylium vesicarium. Avaluació, validació i implementació en parcel·les experimentals en camps comercials de perera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7800.
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L'estemfiliosi de la perera és una malaltia fúngica ocasionada pel fong Deuteromicet Stemphylium vesicarium. Els símptomes característics d'aquesta malaltia són lesions necròtiques en fulles i fruits, provocant el depreciament econòmic d'aquests últims. Si les condicions climàtiques són favorables aquesta malaltia pot arribar a provocar la pèrdua total de la producció. La malaltia es localitza bàsicament en la conca mediterrània, sent les zones fructícoles de Girona a Catalunya i Emilia-Romagna a Itàlia els llocs on les pèrdues de producció són més grans. Actualment l'únic mètode de control és la cobertura permanent dels òrgans de la planta amb fungicides. Per obtenir aquesta protecció és necessari realitzar aplicacions preventives amb una cadència fixa, setmanal o quinzenal, de diferents fungicides en els arbres. Aquesta cadència d'aplicació comporta que al llarg del període vegetatiu de la perera es realitzin entre 20 i 25 aplicacions de fungicida, per cadències setmanals, o entre 10 i 13 aplicacions si la cadència és quinzenal. Aquest elevat nombre de tractaments comporta uns efectes toxicològics a nivell mediambiental i per a la salut humana, un augment del cost econòmic de la producció i en alguns casos afavorir l'aparició de resistències del patogen a determinats fungicides. Molts d' aquests tractaments es realitzen sense que les condicions ambientals siguin favorables a l'inici d'infeccions del fong, i són per tant innecessàries. Amb l'objectiu d'obtenir una eina per determinar el risc d'infeccions en funció de les condicions climàtiques i realitzar d'aquesta manera els tractaments amb fungicides només quan són necessaris, es va elaborar el Sistema pel Tractament Racionalitzat de l'Estemfiliosi de la Perera (STREP). El model consisteix en relacionar quantitativament amb la severitat de la malaltia els paràmetres climàtics de durada del període d'humectació i temperatura mitjana durant aquests períodes. En aquest treball s'ha determinat l'eficàcia en el control de la malaltia per diferents fungicides aplicats de manera preventiva amb una cadència fixa en diferents finques comercials i durant varis anys. S'ha constatat que no hi ha cap producte totalment eficaç en el control de la malaltia, sent l'eficàcia obtinguda mitjana. Aquesta eficàcia de control esta en funció del nivell de pressió de la malaltia, obtenint eficàcies inferiors quan el nivell en els testimonis no tractats és elevat. En assajos en condicions controlades s'ha determinat que els fungicides analitzats aplicats de manera curativa o postinfecciosa, quan ja s'han iniciat les infeccions, presenten una eficàcia més baixa que quan s'apliquen preventivament. El tiram és el producte amb una eficàcia més elevada en la major part de les condicions experimentals.
S' ha analitzat durant 5 anys, 1992-1996, en diferents plantacions de perera de Girona, la dinàmica dels paràmetres ambientals de durada deis períodes amb humectació, la temperatura mitjana de l'aire, la temperatura mitjana durant els períodes d'humectació, la durada dels períodes amb humitat relativa superior al 90% i la pluviometria. S 'ha constatat que la humectació deguda a la rosada és la principal causa d'humectació i que és un procés lent i continu. Les durades més freqüents d'humectació han estat períodes inferiors a 12 hores i les temperatures més freqüents durant aquests períodes han estat entre 11 i 21°C. S'ha determinat també que existeixen períodes amb humitat relativa elevada però sense formació de pel·lícula d'aigua i s'ha observat que ocasionalment existeixen períodes breus d'interrupció de la humectació en que poden existir humanitats relatives elevades o baixes.
La capacitat predictiva del model STREP ha estat avaluada mitjançant 42 assajos en condicions naturals i controlades, determinant que en més del 95 % dels casos avaluats les prediccions de malaltia s'han correspost amb les observades, i que només en dos casos el model ha infraestimat el nivell de risc d'infecció. Demostrant així que el model STREP és fiable en les seves prediccions. S'ha estudiat l'efecte de la humitat relativa durant els períodes interromputs d'humectació i les durades d'aquests períodes, en les infeccions produïdes pel fong. S'ha constatat que el model STREP hauria d'incorporar com a períodes separats els períodes d'humectació interromputs amb relatives elevades (>98%) s'haurien de considerar com a períodes continus. Per una altra banda s'ha comprovat que els períodes amb humitats relatives elevades sense formació d'humectació en condicions naturals no són suficients per provocar l'inici d'infeccions de S. Vesicarium.
S'ha utilitzat el model STREP com a eina per guiar els tractaments fungicides en diferents parcel·les de finques comercials durant dos anys. D'aquests assajos es pot concloure que utilitzant valors de risc acumulat SA:0.4 com a llindar per a realitzar els tractaments es controla la malaltia amb una eficàcia semblant als tractaments setmanals, però amb una reducció del nombre d'aplicacions necessàries entre un 25 i un 50%. Utilitzar un llindar SA:0.6 en finques amb varietats sensibles i una pressió d'inòcul del patogen elevada presenta bons resultats però inferiors als obtinguts amb tractaments setmanals, no obstant l'estalvi de tractaments ha estat molt important (50-70%).
De tots aquests resultats es conclou que el model STREP és adequat per ésser utilitzat en programes pilot a escala comercial en el control racional de l'estemfiliosi de la perera. En funció d'aquests resultats es considerarà la seva implementació en Estacions d'Avisos Fitosanitaris.
Brown spot of pear, caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, is an important disease in fruit-growing areas of Europe, mainly in Girona (Catalonia) and Emilia-Romagna (Italy). Infections and necrosis occur on leaves and fruits. If the environmental conditions are favourable for the disease, the loss of production will be very high.
The control of brown spot of pear is based on protecting sprays of fungicide applied, al 7-to 15-day intervals depending on the type of fungicide. The high number of fungicide applications needed to maintain acceptable levels of disease can produce toxicological effects on ecosystems, humans and increased costs of pear production.
We have determined the efficacy of disease control by different fungicides, sprayed with a preventive strategy in 3 trials during 2 years. None of the fungicides showed high efficacy of disease control, and the efficacy was related to the disease level.
Experiments under controlled-conditions showed that treatments done with post-¬infection strategies have a low efficacy. Thiram was the fungicide with better efficacy for both preventive and after-infection strategies.
During five years,1992-1996, we studied the dynamics of environmental conditions of wetness period, temperature, high relative humidity period (>90%) and rainfall. The most frequent wetness periods were shorter than 12h. The temperature during these periods was between 11-21°C. There were periods with high relative humidity but without wetness formation, and there were also wetness periods interrupted by dry periods. The relative humidity during these dry periods was high or low.
The research has been focused to eliminate unnecessary sprays, and an infection model for S. vesicarium (STREP) was previously developed, which quantifies the effect of wetness duration and temperature on the severity of infection by S. vesicarium. The model was evaluated in 42 field trials and was validated in relation lo its capacity to predict the intensity of disease. Most part of disease level predictions (95%) were coincident with disease levels observed, showing that STREP model was a reasonable good predictor.
We studied the effect of relative humidity during interrupted wetness periods, and the effect on disease progression of periods with high relative humidity but without wetness on disease levels. Interrupted periods with low relative humidity can be considered as two separated periods, but if the relative humidity is high (>98 %) it can be considered as a continuous period. Periods shorter than 12-18 h with high relative humidity but without wetness were insufficient to start infections.
The STREP model was evaluated during two years and was used for scheduling treatments with fungicides, and showed that the efficacy with SA:0.4 threshold was similar to weekly sprays, but saving 25-50 % of fungicide sprays. The utilisation of a threshold SA:0.6 showed a smaller efficacy than weekly sprays but it saved applications about 50-70 %.
From these results it can be accepted say that the STREP model can be used in pilot trials as a forecaster for scheduling sprays in commercial orchards for rational control of brown spot of pear. If the results are acceptable, the model will be integrated on Grower's Warning Stations.
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Mitchell, Jean Ann. "Enhanced degradation of dicarboximide fungicides." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386698.
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Zziwa, Miriam C. N. "Fungicide resistance to morpholine and piperidine fungicides in barley and wheat powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis D.C." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27744.
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This work was carried out to study the sensitivity of barley and wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei and E. graminis f.sp. tritici respectively) to morpholine fungicides. Morpholine fungicides are classified as compounds with a low risk of resistance development. On the other hand, barley and wheat powdery mildews belong to the group of high risk fungi as far as development of fungicide resistance is concerned. Firstly, mildew isolates collected in the UK were assessed, over the period 1992 to 1995, for their sensitivity to three morpholine fungicides (tridemorph, fenpropimorph and fenpropidin). Barley isolates tended to be more sensitive to the fungicides than wheat isolates. In general, the barley mildew isolates were less sensitive to tridemorph than to fenpropimorph and fenpropidin. Cross resistance was found between fenpropimorph and fenpropidin but there was no significant correlation between barley mildew sensitivity to tridemorph and either fenpropimorph or fenpropidin. Isolates from Scotland were significantly less sensitive to fenpropimorph and fenpropidin than isolates from England. The wheat isolates tended to be more sensitive to fenpropidin than to fenpropimorph. There was no evidence of cross resistance between fenpropimorph and fenpropidin with the wheat isolates tested. A shift towards insensitivity over the period of testing was found for fenpropimorph. Wheat isolates from Scotland were found to be significantly less sensitive to fenpropidin than isolates from England. Although variation in sensitivity among mildew isolates was recorded, the results of the monitoring work confirmed the findings of field experience that morpholines are continuing to maintain an effective control over barley and wheat mildew. The variation in sensitivity appeared to be as a continuous distribution, probably related at least in part to the use of bulk isolates for most of the sampling. There, was however, no evidence of any part of the population showing a very high level of resistance.
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Choi, Baek Yong. "Using fungicides or combinations of fungicides to provide mold and decay fungal protection to OSB." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/916.
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The use of wood-based composites has increased dramatically over the last two decades due to a number of factors. One reason is that Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is being increasingly utilized in residential applications in place of plywood. However, the use of OSB in residential construction is often limited because of its susceptibility to attack by biological pathogens such as mold and decay fungi. The environmental conditions that exist in certain use categories can be so adverse that the performance of these composites is negatively affected.
This study was divided into two parts. The first phase examined the effectiveness of fungicides or combinations of fungicides (including some metal-containing preservatives) for enhancing the mold resistance of strandboard. During the second part of the study, preliminaryexperiments investigated the effectiveness of fungicides or combinations of fungicides using anagar-block test to estimate the preservative toxic threshold retention. The compatibility of the fungicide on the resin curing was studied by measuring change in the resin gelation and viscosity. After these screening experiments were completed, large size boards were prepared and mechanical and decay resistance properties were examined.
It was found that mold and decay resistance properties of strandboard directly were related with the biocide type and its concentration. Greater protection of the strandboard was achieved with an increase in preservative retention levels. However, due to the relatively high cost of non-metallic (organic) preservatives, it is important to find the minimum amount of preservative that can protect the OSB against mold and decay fungi. One method of reducing the cost and increasing efficacy is to combine different fungicides to determine whether synergism exists. Even if synergism does not occur, it may reduce the overall cost by combining a less expensive biocide with a smaller amount of a more expensive biocide wheretheir biocidal efficacy complements each other.
In addition, it is important to understand that high retention of preservative may also cause negative effects on the mechanical properties of strandboard. This maybe noticeable of the high retention level of the biocide when a greater negative effect on the internal bonding (IB) strength may be recorded. Lower IB strength for treated strandboard may be attributed to the formulation of chemical residue in the wood surface, which may interfere with the reaction between wood and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. Surface-active agents in the preservative may also cause the PF resin to over-penetrate into wood decreasing bond strength. Increasing moisture content of strands by the introduction of an emulsified aqueous biocide solution, may cause dilution of the resin, and reduced bonding. It should also be noted that high retention of preservative which cause a change in the viscosity and gelation time of PF resins would be problematic for the operation of an OSB plant. For viscosity change, it could significantly affect the flow properties of the resin on the wood furnish and its atomization as it is spraying onto the wood furnish. In addition, it may require further modification to the equipment that supplies the resin to the spray nozzle. For changes in the gelation time, this may require changes to the press time at the OSB plant.
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Macedo, Ana Claudia [UNESP]. "Efeitos fisiológicos de fungicidas no desenvolvimento de plantas de melão rendilhado, cultivadas em ambiente protegido." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93473.
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macedo_ac_me_botfca.pdf: 374862 bytes, checksum: cdd44a701a245c0b3d70c50804f7e207 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os fungicidas até pouco tempo eram usados exclusivamente para o controle de doença, no entanto observações de efeitos fisiológicos trouxeram um novo conceito para o uso desses produtos. As estrobilurinas possuem efeitos fisiológicos positivos no rendimento das culturas, devido ao aumento da fotossíntese líquida e melhor balanço hormonal. Já o boscalida complementa a ação desses fungicidas, aplicado alternadamente ou em conjunto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de piraclostrobina, azoxistrobina e boscalida em plantas de melão rendilhado (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus), em condições de ambiente protegido, visando seus efeitos fisiológicos no metabolismo e desenvolvimento da planta, bem como no aumento da produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu-SP em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos: uma testemunha e quatro aplicações de fungicidas: azoxistrobina 60g ha-1, boscalida 75g ha-1, piraclostrobina 50 g ha-1, boscalida (37,5g ha-1) + piraclostrobina (25 g ha-1), aplicados 14 dias após o transplante, a intervalo de 7 dias, via foliar. O efeito dos tratamentos foi avaliado através das observações das seguintes características: trocas gasosas, eficiência do uso da água, índice SPAD na folha, atividade das enzimas nitrato redutase, peroxidase, catalase e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e na pós colheita dos frutos de melão rendilhado. Em função dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os fungicidas testados apresentam efeitos fisiológicos positivos na cultura do melão rendilhado. As plantas tratadas com boscalida obtiveram um incremento positivo na taxa de assimilação de CO2 além...
The fungicides were until recently used exclusively for disease control, however observations of physiological effects brought a new concept to the use of these products. The strobilurins have positive physiological effects on crop yields, due to increased net photosynthesis and better hormonal balance. On the other hand, boscalida complements the action of these fungicides, applied alternately or together. This study aimed on evaluating the effect of pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin and boscalida in plants of net melon (Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus) under conditions of protected environment, aiming its physiological effects on metabolism and plant development, as well as increased production and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the College of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus of Botucatu in a protected environment. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five fungicide treatments: control, 60 g azoxystrobin ha-1, 75 g ha-1 boscalid, pyraclostrobin 50 g ha-1, boscalid (37.5 g ha-1) + pyraclostrobin (25 g ha -1), applied on the leaves, 14 days after transplantation in an interval of 7 days. The treatment effect was evaluated by the following observations: gas exchange, water use efficiency, chlorophyll index, activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and post-harvest of the fruits of net melon. According to the results obtained, it could be concluded that the fungicide that were tested have positive physiological effects on the culture of net melon. Plants treated with boscalida had a positive increase in the rate of CO2 assimilation and also a positive influence on the chlorophyll content of the leaves. The fruits from these plants had greater mass apart from higher content of soluble... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Demant, Luis Alfredo Rauer [UNESP]. "Controle da mancha angular do feijoeiro com fungicidas e efeito na produção de plantas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97172.
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demant_lar_me_botfca.pdf: 166946 bytes, checksum: 10c7009f4c2c3e911fc3562005ee56a7 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A mancha angular, causada por Phaeoisairopsis griseola, é uma doença de grande importância para a cultura do feijoeiro, visto pelos danos que causa em cultivares suscetíveis, sob condições climáticas propícias para o desenvolvimento da doença. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: a) avaliar a eficácia de alguns fungicidas registrados para a cultura no controle da mancha angular e sobre alguns parâmetros agronômicos (massa de 100 grãos, número de grãos por vagem e número de vagens por plantas) do feijoeiro cultivar Pérola, b) verificar a ação dos fungicidas sobre alterações fisiológicas das plantas de feijoeiro (índices de fotossíntese líquida e condutividade estomática). Para tanto, dois ensaios foram conduzidos em condições de telado e dois ensaios sob condições de campo. As aplicações dos fungicidas nos ensaios iniciaram-se aos 30 dias após a semeadura, sendo realizadas três pulverizações com intervalo de 15 dias. Os fungicidas testados foram: procimidone - 200 g.i.a.ha-1, hidróxido de cobre - 1076 g.i.a.ha-1, azoxystrobina - 60 g.i.a.ha-1, metiran + piraclostrobina - 825 +75 g.i.a.ha-1, piraclostrobina - 75 g.i.a.ha-1, trifloxistrobina - 150 g.i.a.ha-1, tebuconazole - 40 g.i.a.ha-1, hidróxido de fentina - 330 g.i.a.ha-1, tebuconazole + trifloxistrobina - 150 +75 g.i.a.ha-1 e testemunha (água). Nos experimentos conduzidos em campo, foram realizadas as avaliações da da severidade de doença nas folhas e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e realizada a colheita para a avaliação do número de vagens por planta e a massa de 100 grãos. Os experimentos em casa de vegetação foram avaliados quanto aos índices de fotossíntese líquida, condutividade estomática, número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 grãos...
The angular leaf spot caused by Phaeoisairopsis griseola is an important disease for drybeans crop because it promotes many losses in susceptible cultivars under specific weather conditions for progress of this disease. This present work has as objectives: a) evaluate efficacy of some fungicides registered for control of angular leaf spot in drybeans and effect of these products in agronomic parameters (weight of 100 grains, Number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant) of cultivar Perola. b) Verify the action to fungicides about physiology of drybeans plants (liquid Photosynthesis and stomatic conductivity). For these two trials in greenhouse and two trials in the field were development. The fungicides application began 30 days after planting, and three applications were done with 15 days interval. The fungicide tested was: procimidone - 200 g.a.i.ha-1, hidróxido de cobre - 1076 g.a.i.ha-1, azoxystrobina - 60 g.a.i.ha-1, metiran+ piraclostrobina - 825 +75 g.a.i.ha-1, piraclostrobina - 75 g.a.i.ha-1, trifloxistrobina - 150 g.a.i.ha-1, tebuconazole - 40 ga.i.ha-1, hidróxido de fentina - 330 g.a.i.ha-1, tebuconazole + trifloxistrobina - 150 +75 g.a.i.ha-1 and Untreated check (water). In trials in the field was done evaluation of the severity of the disease was done on the leaves and area under curve disease progress (AUDCPD) and in the harvest evaluation was done on the number of pods per plants and weight of 100 grains. The trial in greenhouse was evaluated liquid photosynthesis, stomatic conductivity, number of pods per plant and weight of 100 grains. After these results were obtained, it was constated that photosynthesis is more significantly when drybeans plants were in the stage of grain filling and beginning of maturation; Piraclostrobina, Tebuconazole and Tebuconazole+Trifloxistrobina... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Filho, Josà Silveira. "Sensibilidade do mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) a fungicidas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 1996. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5850.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Estudou-se a sensibilidade do mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) a fungicidas, com o objetivo de identificar aqueles inÃcuos à planta, visando selecionar produtos quÃmicos que possam ser utilizados no controle das doenÃas fÃngicas da cultura. Neste sentido, foi conduzido um experimento, em condiÃÃes de ripado, no setor hortÃcola do Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, em Fortaleza, Estado do CearÃ, Brasil, no perÃodo de abril a julho de 1995. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, disposto no esquema fatorial 2 x 10 - cultivares x fungicidas -, com trÃs repetiÃÃes. Os tratamentos foram constituÃdos por nove diferentes compostos quÃmicos - oito fungicidas comerciais e a manipueira (extrato lÃquido das raÃzes de mandioca, Manihot esculenta -, e a testemunha (pulverizaÃÃes com Ãgua). Estes tratamentos foram aplicados, mediante quatro pulverizaÃÃes a intervalos semanais, sobre mudas envasadas de dois cultivares de mamoeiro: Formosa e HavaÃ, compondo os fatoriais. Analisaram-se os efeitos fitotÃxicos dos produtos testados, dez dias apÃs a Ãltima aplicaÃÃo, em funÃÃo da altura da planta, diÃmetro do caule, nÃmero de folhas e sintomas necro-fitotÃxicos foliares. Dentre os fungicidas testados, tebuconazole prevaleceu como fitotÃxico para o mamoeiro, particularmente ao cv Formosa e relativamente à reduÃÃo do numero de folhas. O cultivar HavaÃ, em confronto com o cv. Formosa, mostrou-se bem mais tolerante aos fungicidas testados.
Sensibi1ity studies of the papaya (Carica papaya L.) to various fungicides were developed to select those with high degree of safety to control fungal diseases of the culture. The investigation was carried out on the Horticultural Sector of the Agrarian Science Center of the Federal University of Cearà in a ca., half-shaded shelter, in Fortaleza, State of CearÃ, Brazil, from April to July, 1995. A completely randomized design was arranged in a 2 x 3 x 10 factorial experiment to assess plant reactions lo the fungicides. Treatments were made up of eight commercial fungicides and âmanipueiraâ (a liquid extract from cassava roots, Manihot esculenta) plus the control which was sprayed with tap water. Potted seedlings of two papaya cultivars, v.g., Formosa and Hawaii were sprayed four times at a 7-days interval. Phytotoxicity of the compounds was thoroughly checked by evaluating the following parameters, ten days alter the last spraying: plant height, plant trunk diameter, leaf number and presence of foliar necrotic symptoms. Tebuconazole was phytotoxic to papaya specially to cv. Formosa. This cultivar has also experienced a leaf number reduction. Hawaii cultivar was much more tolerant to the fungicides than the Formosa one.
Books on the topic "Fungicides"
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L, Sanders Patricia, Curtis C. R, Ragsdale Nancy N. 1938-, and National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (U.S.), eds. Overview fungicide assessment project. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP), 1991.
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Kishan, Singh, and Mukhopadhyay A. N. 1940-, eds. Soil fungicides. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.
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S, Heaney, British Crop Protection Council, and British Society for Plant Pathology., eds. Fungicide resistance: Proceedings of a symposium organised by the British Society for Plant Pathology in association with the British Crop Protection Council and held at the University of Reading on 28-30 March 1994. Farnham, Surrey, UK: British Crop Protection Council, 1994.
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L, Sanders Patricia, and National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (U.S.), eds. Fungicide resistance in the United States. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP), 1991.
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Oliver, Richard P., and Janna L. Beckerman. Fungicides in Practice. GB: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246926.0000.
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L, Fulmer H., and Ontario. Dept. of Agriculture., eds. Insecticides and fungicides. Toronto: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.
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Oliver, R., and H. G. Hewitt, eds. Fungicides in crop protection. Wallingford: CABI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780641669.0000.
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Mueller, Daren, Kiersten A. Wise, Nicholas S. Dufault, Carl Alan Bradley, and Martin I. Chilvers. Fungicides for field crops. St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press, The American Phytopathololgical Society, 2013.
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Centre, Leather Conservation, ed. Fungicides used on leather. Northampton: Leather Conservation Centre, 1985.
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Biologische Gesellschaft der DDR. Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Technische Mikrobiologie. and Institut für Pflanzenschutzforschung Kleinmachnow, eds. Systemic fungicides and antifungal compounds: Lectures and posters of the 9th International Symposium. Berlin: Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften, 1990.
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Lopez, Annette M., and Daniel Sudakin. "Fungicides." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_141-1.
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Mayo-PEREZ, Amora, and Raymond D. Harbison. "Fungicides." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 901–16. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch88.
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Lopez, Annette M., and Daniel Sudakin. "Fungicides." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1811–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_141.
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Horst, R. Kenneth. "Fungicides." In Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook, 5–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2141-8_1.
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Ripley, B. D. "Fungicides." In Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences, 475–504. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2361-7_22.
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Hassall, Kenneth A. "Systemic fungicides." In The Biochemistry and Uses of Pesticides, 315–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20990-3_12.
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Quaranta, Laura. "Phenylamide Fungicides." In Bioactive Carboxylic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals, 357–69. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693931.ch27.
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Lamberth, Clemens. "Phenylpyrrole Fungicides." In Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes, 155–62. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664412.ch13.
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Quaranta, Laura. "Benzimidazole Fungicides." In Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes, 103–18. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664412.ch9.
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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Strobilurin Fungicides." In Recent advances in crop protection, 185–200. New Delhi: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0723-8_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fungicides"
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Vlajic, Slobodan, Jelica Gvozdanovic - Varga, Stevan Masirevic, Maja Ignjatov, Dragana Milosevic, and Gordana Tamindzic. "EFIKASNOST RAZLIČITIH FUNGICIDA U SUZBIJANJU PROUZROKOVAČA PLAMENJAČE SPANAĆA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.369v.
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Powdery mildew of spinach cause significant damage in agriculture production reducing the value usage of the leaves. Considering that there are no registered fungicides for controlling the powdery mildew of spinach in the Republic of Serbia, the aim of the research was to examine various fungicides for preventive and therapeutic usage. The study included seven synthetic and one biological fungicide. The lowest intensity of infection in preventive (0.10%) and therapeutic (0.33%) treatment was found when using a combination of active substances famoxadone + cimoxanil. However, when choosing and applying fungicides in spinach, special attention must be dedicate to the withdrawal period of the formulated products.
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ПИМОХОВА, Людмила, Lyudmila PIMOKHOVA, Жанна ЦАРАПНЕВА, Zhanna TSARAPNEVA, Нина Хараборкина, and Nina Kharaborkina. "FUNGICIDE ZANTARA AGAINST THE MAIN LUPIN DISEASES." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-45-49.
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The main harmful disease of white and narrow-leafed lupin is anthracnose. High effective fungicides should to be used to protect its crops. Under field conditions the fungicide Zan-tara (1.5 l/ha) showed the high productivity (91.3%) against this disease. The fungicide is effective against fusaria, sclerotinia and botrytis too. Its use allows protect crops of culti-vated lupin species against diseases’ complex and significantly decrease yield losses.
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Dumitras, Iurie, Maria Mager, and Alexandr Chernets. "Application of fungicide ALUMINUM 80 WP in the fight against marssonia or walnut gnomoniosis (Gnomonia leptostyla Rr/ Et de Not., f.c. (Marssonia juglandis Lib.) in the Republic of Moldova." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.21.
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The results of testing the fungicide Aluminum 80 WP indicate that the preparation can be used in rotation with other fungicides no more than 2-3 times during the growing season in the fight against marssonia of walnut at a rate of 4.0-5.0 kg/ha.
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Otieno, James, and Stephen Ochieng. "Effects of application of edible coatings and fungicides on the flavor of avocado." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-t.a.f.s-41.
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Climacteric fruits like avocado (Persea americana), are very economical in the global markets and contain numerous nutrients that are beneficial to humans. Avocados have a yellowish or greenish flesh and possess a nutty flavor with buttery consistency. The flavor tends to deteriorate due to biochemical changes that takes place in the fruit. This study will therefore delve to examine the effects of commercial packhouse treatments such as application of wax coatings and fungicides on the flavor quality of avocados. Previous studies have shown that application of edible wax coatings imparts shine and attractive appearance, reduce water and weight loss and minimize shrinkage of fruit. Furthermore, the use of fungicides and other additives prevent fruit decay and attack by diseases. Despite these postharvest treatments, the quality of avocado tends to diminish as a result of improper handling and management, long-distance shipping and fruit decay due a lengthy food supply chain. Although the use of wax coatings helps to maintain the quality and prolong the shelf life of avocado, it is still not clear whether permeable and nonpermeable wax coatings have similar or different effects on the flavor of avocados. To elucidate on this phenomenon, this study will explore how the use of non-permeable natural wax (candela) and permeable wax as well as the use of imazalil (fungicide) affects the flavour of avocado. Furthermore, biochemical analysis of total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) will explain the changes in flavor. The study expects that TSS and TA of fruit will decrease after very long storage as compared to non-waxed fruit. Keywords: waxing, fungicide, avocado, offflavor
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Semwal, Vivek, and Banshi D. Gupta. "Surface Plasmon Resonance and Molecular Imprinting Polymer based Fiber Optic Dicloran Sensor." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.5p_a410_13.
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Dicloran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline), a chlorinated nitroaniline fungicide, is used to prevent the different crops from fungal spore germination [1]. According to studies, excess of fungicides is very dangerous for human health as well as for the environment and causes many diseases such as birth defects, neurological disorders, liver damage, cancer and hormone disruption [2, 3]. Therefore, a quick, low cost and highly sensitive sensor is required for the detection of dicloran. The aim of this work is designing of a highly selective sensor to determine the dicloran in biological and environmental samples.
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Lang, Brian, and Kenneth Pecinovsky. "Foliar fungicides in alfalfa production." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-124.
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Jacobsen, Barry J., Ken Kephart, and Alice Pilergam. "INTEGRATING FUNGICIDE SEED, IN-FURROW FUNGICIDES AND FUNGICIDE BAND APPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVED CONTROL OF RHIZOCTONIA CROWN AND ROOT ROT." In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.42.
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Боубэтрын, Иван, and Алехандру Даскaлюк. "Эффективность биостимулятора Реглалг для защиты яблони от парши (Venturia Inaequalis Wint.)." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.42.
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The scope of the research was to determine the efficiency of the combined effect of fungicides and the biostimulator Reglalag in the protection of apple orchards from apple scab disease. The introduction of a biostimulator into the tank mixture with fungicides allowed us to reduce by half the quantity of synthetic plant protection products. This combination allows us to reduce the cost of plant protection, reduces the negative impact of the fungicides on environment, and increases the economic efficiency of apple cultivation.
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Martinson, C. A., F. W. Nutter, Stephen N. Wegulo, and J. M. Rivera C. "Foliar Fungicides in Seed Corn Production." In Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-474.
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Yakuba, G. V., and I. L. Astapchuk. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of in vitro fungicides against the pathogen of rot of the core of apple fruit Alternaria alternata (Fries: Fries) Keissler." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.280.
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We studied the sensitivity to fungicides in vitro of the rot pathogen of the core of apple fruit A. alternata. The Luna Tranquility, SC showed an effectiveness of 95 %, the fungicides Granuflo, WDG and Chorus, WDG –70 and 75 %, respectively.
Reports on the topic "Fungicides"
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Shtienberg, Dan, William Fry, Amos Dinoor, Thomas Zitter, and Uzi Kafkafi. Reduction in Pesticide Use in Plant Disease Control by Integration of Chemical and Non-Chemical Factors. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613027.bard.
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The long term goal of this research project was to improve control efficiency of Alternaria diseases while reducing fungicide use, by integration of chemical and non-chemical factors. Non-chemical factors were genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fertilizers. The Specific objectives were: 1) To quantify changes in resistance among genotypes and over time in terms of disease development and specific phases of the disease cycle; 2) To quantify the effects of fertilizers applied to the foliage alone, or in combination with a fungicide, on disease development; 3) To quantify the relative contribution of genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fungicide type to the reduction of disease development; 4) To develop a strategy for integration of chemical and non-chemical factors which will achieve optimal disease suppression. The influence of physiological age of cotton plants and of the individual leaves, on disease incidence and on the rate of lesion expansion of A. macrospora was examined on leaves sampled from the field. Both parameters increased with the physiological age of individual leaves but were not affected by the age of the whole plant. The hypothesis that enrichment of the foliage with nitrogen and potassium may enhance host resistance to Alternaria and thus reduce disease severity, was examined for potato and tomato (A. solani ) and for cotton (A. macrospora ). Under controlled environment conditions, application of urea or KNO3 resulted in some reduction in disease development; however, foliar application of both nutrients (8-10 sprays in total) did not affect Alternaria severity in the field. Systemic fungicides against Alternaria (e.g. , tebuconazole and difenoconazole) are more effective than the commonly used protectant fungicides (e.g. mancozeb and chlorothalonil). Concepts for the integration of genotype resistance, age-related resistances and fungicide for the suppression of Alternaria diseases were developed and evaluated. It was found that reduction in host resistance, with age and among genotypes, can be compensated for by adjusting the intensity of fungicide applications, i.e. by increasing the frequency of sprays and by spraying systemic fungicides towards the end of the season. In, moderately resistant cultivars protection can be achieved by spraying at longer intervals than susceptible cultivars. The concepts for integration were evaluated in field trials for cotton, potatoes and tomatoes. By following these concepts it was possible to save up to five sprays out of 8-10 in a growing season.
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Robertson, Alison E., Xiao-Bing Yang, Shrishail S. Navi, John M. Shriver, and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Evaluation of Soybean Fungicides. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1017.
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Robertson, Alison E., Xiao-Bing Yang, Shrishail S. Navi, John M. Shriver, and Kevin Van Dee. Evaluation of Soybean Fungicides. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-281.
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Lang, Brian J., and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Foliar Fungicides in Alfalfa Production. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1160.
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Lang, Brian, and Ken Pecinovsky. Foliar Fungicides for Oat Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1992.
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Lang, Brian J., and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Foliar Fungicides in Alfalfa Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2293.
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Lang, Brian J., and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Foliar Fungicides for Alfalfa Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-598.
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Leandro, Leonor F. S., Xiao-Bing Yang, Alison E. Robertson, Shrishail S. Navi, and John M. Shriver. Evaluation of Soybean Fungicides in 2006. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-461.
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Yang, Xiao-Bing, Shrishail S. Navi, John M. Shriver, and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Effect of Foliar Fungicides on Soybean Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2762.
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Liu, Ruye. Efficacy tests of fungicides on soybean diseases. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-607.
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