Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fungicide timing

Academic literature on the topic 'Fungicide timing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fungicide timing"

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Woodward, J. E., T. B. Brenneman, and B. G. Mullinix. "Irrigation Timing Impacts the Efficacy of Foliar-Applied Fungicides Toward Foliar and Soilborne Pathogens of Peanut." Plant Disease 96, no. 12 (December 2012): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-12-0042-re.

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Fungicides not reaching target organisms result in decreased disease control. In the southeastern United States, foliar-applied fungicides are routinely used to manage peanut (Arachis hypogaea) diseases. Irrigation is often applied to wash fungicides from treated foliage to obtain maximum control of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. Administering irrigation before fungicide residues have dried may adversely impact foliar disease control. A microplot study was conducted in 2003, 2004, and 2005 to evaluate the redistribution of azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and flutolanil plus chlorothalonil following different irrigation timings. Standard fungicide regimes were subjected to 1.3-cm of irrigation 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 96 h after application, and a nonirrigated control was included. Microplots not receiving irrigation were covered while irrigation treatments were administered. Irrigation timing was significant for the number of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) lesions per leaf. Leaf spot was more severe when irrigation was administered immediately following fungicide applications, and was significantly reduced with a 6- and 12-h delay prior to an irrigation event, whereas maximum control was obtained when irrigation was delayed for 24 h or later. To further quantify fungicide residue distribution, Sclerotium rolfsii was used to bioassay foliage and pods. Lesion development on leaflets, which was greater for earlier irrigation timings, did not differ for the 12-h and later timings and was generally similar to the nonirrigated controls. Pod colonization for all fungicides increased according to a quadratic function of irrigation timing, with the least colonization occurring at the 0-h timing. Colonization of pods treated with azoxystrobin was similar for all irrigation timings; whereas, suppression was greatest for tebuconazole at earlier irrigation timings. This study demonstrates that irrigation can be used to redistribute fungicides applied to peanut foliage to improve control of soilborne pathogens but administering irrigation within 24 h may decrease leaf spot control.
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Waliyar, F., Moustapha Adamou, and Aoua Traoré. "Rational Use of Fungicide Applications to Maximize Peanut Yield Under Foliar Disease Pressure in West Africa." Plant Disease 84, no. 11 (November 2000): 1203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.11.1203.

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Foliar diseases caused by Cercospora arachidicola, Cercosporium personatum, and Puccinia arachidis are major constraints to peanut production in the world. Fungicides are among the most efficient available control methods. Field trials were conducted in 1991 and 1992 in Benin and Niger, West Africa, to evaluate the cost effectiveness of fungicide application timings and frequencies on four peanut cultivars. A combination of four timings (40, 55, 70, and 85 days after sowing) was scheduled. Early (causal organism, C. arachidicola) and late (caused by C. personatum) leaf spot were prevalent in both years, but late leaf spot was the more economically important disease as shown by high values of area under the disease progress curve. Application of fungicide reduced late leaf spot incidence and increased pod yield. Pod yield responded to an interaction of number and timing of fungicide applications. With appropriate timing two or three fungicide applications were enough to significantly increase pod yield. Properly timed fungicide sprays can result in substantial monetary gains for peanut farmers in West Africa.
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Augusto, J., and T. B. Brenneman. "Implications of fungicide application timing and post-spray irrigation on disease control and peanut yield." Peanut Science 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps10-11.1.

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Abstract Applying fungicides at night when the leaves are folded and using irrigation water after application have both been shown to increase deposition of fungicides in the lower plant canopy, improve control of stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii), and increase peanut (Arachis hypogaea) yield. To evaluate the interactive effects of these two practices, four applications of a protectant fungicide, chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), or a systemic, prothioconazole + tebuconazole (0.23 kg a.i./ha), tebuconazole (0.21 kg a.i./ha), flutolanil + propiconazole (0.45 kg a.i./ha), pyraclostrobin (0.21 kg a.i./ha), or two applications of a systemic, fluoxastrobin (0.17 kg a.i./ha) or azoxystrobin (0.31 kg a.i./ha) were sprayed either at night (3 a.m. to 5 a.m., when peanut leaves were folded) or during daylight (10 a.m. to 12 p.m., when peanut leaves were unfolded). Fungicides were applied as sub-subplots and night and day fungicide application timings as subplots in a split-split plot design with post-spray irrigation and nonpost-spray irrigation as whole plots to evaluate disease control and peanut yield in 2008 and 2009. In 2008, leaf spot intensity (early leaf spot caused by Cercospora arachidicola) was low and disease control was similar regardless of application timing or fungicide across post-spray irrigation treatments. In 2009, leaf spot was severe and disease control for night and day applications of a systemic fungicide was similar across post-spray irrigation, but pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole + tebuconazole had the lowest ratings. Interaction of fungicide, application timing and post-spray irrigation was significant for stem rot and yield. Night application of prothioconazole + tebuconazole, flutolanil + propiconazole or pyraclostrobin showed the most increase in stem rot control and yield compared with day application among the evaluated fungicides, but the positive effects on stem rot control and yield were minimal with post-spray irrigation. The effects of application timing and post-spray irrigation on fungicide efficacy were not the same for all fungicides.
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Evin, Bryn, Scott Meyer, Casey Schuh, Sam Haugen, Jessica Halvorson, Venkata Chapara, Amanda Arens, and Andrew Friskop. "Management of Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Hard Red Spring Wheat at Different Timings of Disease Onset." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-06-20-0055-rs.

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Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) can cause significant yield reductions to hard red spring wheat (HRSW) in North Dakota (ND). The use of host resistance and fungicides can successfully manage this disease. However, the combination of them may not be appropriate every year. From 2016 to 2018, fungicide timing by cultivar experiments were conducted to update recommendations for rust management. Experiments were designed in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement. Main plots included three HRSW cultivars that were moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Subplots included the fungicide timings of Feekes 9, Feekes 10.5.1, a sequential application, and a nontreated control. Field experiments were categorized into three environments depending on rust onset and disease progress. When rust was detected at early heading, the susceptible cultivar benefited from all fungicide application timings. The detection of rust at tillering leaf stages suggested that fungicide treatments statistically lowered disease and in most cases had statistically higher yield, regardless of host resistance. These results suggest that the benefit from a fungicide application to manage leaf rust and stripe rust is highly influenced by the timing of disease onset and level of host resistance. Results will improve fungicide suggestions for HRSW producers in ND.
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Friskop, Andrew J., Thomas J. Gulya, Scott A. Halley, Blaine G. Schatz, Joel P. Schaefer, James G. Jordahl, Scott M. Meyer, Kevin W. Misek, Paul Hendrickson, and Samuel G. Markell. "Effect of Fungicide and Timing of Application on Management of Sunflower Rust." Plant Disease 99, no. 9 (September 2015): 1210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1036-re.

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Sunflower rust is an important yield-limiting disease in sunflower production in the Great Plains of the United States. Rust severity and incidence have increased between 2002 and 2011, and genetic resistance is limited in most commercial hybrids, particularly the high-value confectionary market type. Although fungicides are available for rust management in the United States, management recommendations are insufficient. Specifically, efficacy and timing data are very limited for fungicides in FRAC groups 7 and 11. Seventeen fungicide efficacy and timing trials were conducted between 2008 and 2011 in North Dakota. Timings evaluated across the four years included single or multiple applications at growth stages (GS): GS V8-V12 (late vegetative), GS R1 (terminal bud formation), GS R3-4 (elongation of bud), GS R5 (flowering), and GS R6 (completion of flowering). With few exceptions, fungicide applications of DMIs and QoIs controlled disease greater than SDHI fungicides. Fungicide applications made at R5, either singly or in combination, consistently resulted in greater disease control. A negative correlation (r = −0.7756) between disease control and yield was observed, resulting in a yield reduction of 6.6% for every 1% increase in disease severity.
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Warneke, Brent, Lindsey D. Thiessen, and Walter F. Mahaffee. "Effect of Fungicide Mobility and Application Timing on the Management of Grape Powdery Mildew." Plant Disease 104, no. 4 (April 2020): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1285-re.

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Grape powdery mildew (GPM) fungicide programs consist of 5 to 15 applications, depending on region or market, in an attempt to achieve the high fruit quality standards demanded by the market. Understanding how fungicides redistribute and targeting redistributing fungicide to critical crop phenological stages could improve fungicide protection of grape clusters. This study evaluated fungicide redistribution in grapevines from major fungicide groups labeled for GPM control. Translaminar and xylem redistribution was examined by placing fungicide-impregnated filter disks on the adaxial or abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves for 10 min and then incubating for 48 h before inoculating the abaxial surface with conidia. Vapor redistribution used Teflon disks sprayed with fungicides and placed on the abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves 48 h before inoculation. Disease development was rated 10 days later. Translaminar movement through calyptra was tested using flowering potted vines. All fungicides tested redistributed through at least one mechanism. Fungicide timing at critical phenological stages (early, mid, and late bloom) was assessed in small plots of cultivar Pinot noir vines. The application of trifloxystrobin, quinoxyfen, or fluopyram at different bloom stages showed that applications initiated at end of bloom resulted in the lowest berry infection probabilities of 0.073, 0.097, and 0.020, respectively. The results of this study suggest that integrating two carefully timed applications of redistributing fungicides initiated at end of bloom into a fungicide program may be an effective strategy for wine grape growers in western Oregon to produce fruit with low GPM infection.
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Gillard, C. L., N. K. Ranatunga, and R. L. Conner. "The effect of foliar fungicide application timing on the control of dry bean anthracnose." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2010-018.

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Gillard, C. L., Ranatunga, N. K. and Conner, R. L. 2012. The effect of foliar fungicide application timing on the control of dry bean anthracnose. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 109–118. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a major disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), reducing seed quality and yield. A study carried out in 2005 and 2006 at Exeter, ON, and at Morden, MB, determined that a sequential application of fungicide at the correct time is crucial for the effective management of the disease. The effect of the fungicides azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin at four single foliar application timings at 5th trifoliolate (A), 1st flower (B), full flower (C) and 10 d after full flower (D) and at three sequential timings (A+C, B+C, and B+D) were evaluated under low and high disease pressure conditions. Data were collected on leaf vein and pod infection, plant maturity, dockage, pick, seed weight, yield and return on investment. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and contrast comparisons were carried out for various treatment combinations. Differences between the two fungicides for leaf symptoms were not apparent under low disease pressure, but occurred early in plant development under high disease pressure. Pyraclostrobin-treated plots produced a higher yield under high disease pressure and better quality seeds at both high and low disease pressure conditions. A single fungicide application at the A timing gave higher yield under low disease pressure, while timings B and C gave a higher yield under high disease pressure. A sequential application often provided greater anthracnose control and improved yield and seed quality, compared with single application timings. For the sequential application timings, the highest yields occurred at the A+C timing under low disease pressure, and at the A+C or B+C timing under high disease pressure.
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Thiessen, L. D., T. M. Neill, and W. F. Mahaffee. "Timing Fungicide Application Intervals Based on Airborne Erysiphe necator Concentrations." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (July 2017): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1727-re.

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Management of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and other polycyclic diseases relies on numerous fungicide applications that follow calendar or model-based application intervals, both of which assume that inoculum is always present. Quantitative molecular assays have been previously developed to initiate fungicide applications, and could be used to optimize fungicide application intervals throughout the growing season based on inoculum concentration. Airborne inoculum samplers were placed at one research and six commercial vineyards in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Fungicide applications in all plots were initiated at the first detection of E. necator inoculum, and all subsequent fungicide application intervals were made based the grower’ standard calendar program or based on inoculum concentration. In adjusted-interval plots, fungicides were applied at the shortest labeled application interval when >10 spores were detected and the longest labeled application interval when <10 spores were detected. Fungicide applications in control plots consisted of the growers’ standard management practice. An average of 2.3 fewer fungicide applications in 2013 and 1.6 fewer fungicide applications in 2014 were used in the adjusted fungicide application intervals treatment in grower fields without significant differences in berry or leaf disease incidence between treatments.
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Twizeyimana, M., and G. L. Hartman. "Sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Isolates to Fungicides and Reduction of Fungal Infection Based on Fungicide and Timing of Application." Plant Disease 101, no. 1 (January 2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-16-0552-re.

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Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a damaging foliar fungal disease in many soybean-growing areas of the world. Strategies to manage SBR include the use of foliar fungicides. Fungicide types, the rate of product application, and the number and timing of applications are critical components for successful rust management. The objectives of this study were to determine i) the sensitivity of P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the U.S. to a range of fungicides and ii) the reduction of fungal infection based on fungicide type and timing of applications on soybean. There were differences (P < 0.05) in effective concentration (EC50) values among the fungicides tested. Azoxystrobin had low EC50 values for both urediniospore germination and fungal sporulation on inoculated leaflets. There were differences (P < 0.05) in fungal sporulation for application times, fungicide treatments, and their interaction when the fungus was inoculated on plants. All application times and nearly all fungicide treatments reduced (α = 0.05) fungal infection compared with the nonfungicide control. Information on fungicide sensitivity of P. pachyrhizi isolates and the preventive and curative effects of different fungicides are important in the management of SBR.
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Luna, Martha P. Romero, and Kiersten A. Wise. "Timing and Efficacy of Fungicide Applications for Diplodia Ear Rot Management in Corn." Plant Health Progress 16, no. 3 (January 2015): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-15-0010.

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Diplodia ear rot, a corn (Zea mays L.) disease caused by the fungus Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) B. Sutton, has been a persistent ear rot across the United States. Management options are currently limited. Field trials conducted under inoculated and non-inoculated conditions were established at two locations in Indiana from 2011 to 2013 to test the fungicides azoxystrobin plus propiconazole and prothioconazole against Diplodia ear rot. Fungicides were applied at three individual growth stages during each year. Fungicides did not consistently reduce Diplodia ear rot compared to non-fungicide-treated controls in any year. Applications also did not consistently increase yield at any timing under inoculated and non-inoculated plots compared with the non-fungicidetreated control. Fungicides were tested in an in vitro assay to determine the effective fungicide concentration at which 50% of mycelial growth or conidial germination of S. maydis was inhibited (EC50). Propiconazole and prothioconazole EC50 values indicated efficacy in reducing fungal growth under controlled conditions; however, current fungicide application methods and plant barriers to fungicide contact with the pathogen may prevent these products from effectively reducing Diplodia ear rot in a field setting. Accepted for publication 23 August 2015. Published 1 September 2015
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fungicide timing"

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Koenig, John L. "TIMING OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DOLLAR SPOT." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253625623.

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Zhou, Tian. "Quantification of Fungicide Resistance in Cercospora sojina Populations and Development of a Fungicide Application Decision Aid for Soybean in the Mid-Atlantic U.S." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102925.

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Soybean is an important source of protein in animal feed, and growing demand for meat consumption worldwide has led to increased soybean production. Over 120 million metric tons of soybean were harvested in the United States in 2018, approximately one-third of the world production. In the Mid-Atlantic region, soybean is one of the most valuable field crops. Major foliar diseases that reduce soybean yield in the Mid-Atlantic region are frogeye leaf spot (FLS) and Cercospora leaf blight. In addition to crop rotation and host resistance, foliar fungicides, often with quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) active ingredients, are used to manage these soybean foliar diseases. Yield benefits of foliar fungicides have been inconsistent and this may be the result of low disease pressure, unfavorable environmental conditions for disease development, or the presence of fungal pathogen populations that have developed resistance to fungicides. The objectives of this research were 1) to develop a pyrosequencing-based assay to rapidly quantify QoI resistance frequencies in Cercospora sojina, the causal agent of FLS, 2) to examine the effects of fungicide application timings, disease pressure, and environmental factors on soybean yield, and 3) to develop a weather-based soybean foliar fungicide application decision aid for the Mid-Atlantic U.S. using a threshold decision rule. A pyrosequencing assay targeting the G143A mutation was designed, and a Virginia survey of C. sojina populations indicated that the G143A mutation conferring QoI resistance is widespread. In small plot fungicide application timing experiments, five weekly fungicide applications starting at beginning pod (R3) resulted in the greatest yield, but for single fungicide applications, R3 or 1 week after R3 resulted in the greatest yields. There was positive relationship between the cumulative number of disease favorable days (mean daily temperature 20-30°C and ≥ 10 hours of relative humidity >90%) from planting to R3 and disease severity at the full pod stage (r = 0.97, P = <0.01). Higher disease severity was associated with greater yield loss (r2 =0.53, P = 0.10) suggesting foliar fungicide applications are more likely to have yield benefits as the number of disease favorable days prior to R3 increase. A disease favorable-days threshold (FDT) using the environmental parameters indicated above was evaluated in on-farm experiments throughout Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Based on decision rules, FDT = 8 three weeks prior to R3 was the best predictor of a yield benefit with an R3 fungicide application. The decision aid was also able to correctly predict when a fungicide application would not be profitable ≥90% of the time. This weather-based decision aid along with monitoring of fungicide resistance development within the region will provide soybean growers in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. with tools to maximize yields and profitability.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Coules, Anne Elizabeth. "The effect of triazole fungicide application timing on disease control, crop development and yield in oilseed rape." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444612.

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D'Angelo, Daisy L. "Effects of Fungicide Chemistry and Application Timing on Fusarium Head Blightand Deoxynivalenol in Soft Red Winter Wheat." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386024180.

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Mudita, I. Wayan. "Production of Conidia, selection of inoculum density, and timing the first fungicide application to manage Septoria blight of celery." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61038.

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Septoria blight of celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce), induced by Septoria apiicola Speg., is a destructive disease that requires fungicide applications for its management. A reliable method of inoculum production was established. Best sporulation was obtained on celery agar (CA) at a predicted optimum temperature of 22.4$ sp circ$C. A moderate inoculum density within a range of 17-35 conidia/cm$ sp2$ of leaf surface provided non-coalescing lesions necessary for rapid enumeration. Initial blight incidence thresholds of about 0.6 and 0.5% to time the first fungicide application were established based on the proportion of maximum plant weight equivalent to the cost of one fungicide application calculated plant weight and petiole number per plant, respectively, in the summers of 1990 and 1991. The IBI levels of 0 and 2% to time the first fungicide application provided non-significant results in terms of the final amount of blight and yield. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Wallhead, Matthew W. "Foliar Fungicide Effects on Gray Leaf Spot and Yield of Hybrid Corn as Influenced by Application Timing, Hybrid Characteristics and Production Practices." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324573828.

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Quintero, Palomar Maria Angelica [Verfasser]. "Impact of fungicide mode of action and application timing on the control of Mycosphaerella graminicola and the physiology and yield of wheat / Maria Angelica Quintero Palomar." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106853754X/34.

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Obasa, Kehinde Christopher. "Ecology and management of large patch of zoysiagrass, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 LP." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13608.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Plant Pathology
Megan Kennelly
Large patch, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 LP, is the most common and severe disease of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp). Despite the importance of this disease, few studies have examined pathogen biology, cultivar susceptibility, cultural controls, and chemical controls. The objectives of this dissertation were: (1) Characterize large patch isolates based on anastomosis pairing, in-vitro mycelial growth rates, nuclear counts, virulence, PCR, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); (2) Determine the effects of cultivation (aerification, verticutting, and sand topdressing) on disease severity; (3) Evaluate different fall and spring applications of the fungicides flutolanil, azoxystrobin, and triticonazole; (4) Evaluate the susceptibility of fifteen new zoysiagrass germplasm lines from parental crosses including Z. japonica, Z. matrella, and Z. pacifica. All the R. solani isolates from large patch-infected zoysiagrass from Kansas belonged to AG 2-2 LP. Variations were observed among the isolates in their average number of nuclei per cell, mycelial growth rates and virulence. There was also variation in the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprints, suggesting possible underlying genetic differences of biological significance among members of AG 2-2 LP. Cultivation did not affect soil moisture or temperature. Cultivation also did not reduce patch sizes, nor influence turf recovery rate from large patch. From 2009 to 2011, spring and fall N fertility was consistently associated with lower percentages of diseased turf in both cultivated and non-cultivated plots at Manhattan and Haysville. In general, two fall applications of fungicide did not reduce disease compared to one fall application. Fungicides applied in the fall when thatch temperatures ranged from 17.8oC to 23.2oC reduced disease compared to untreated controls. Early spring applications reduced disease compared to later spring applications. In germplasm screening studies, all progeny had similar disease levels compared to Meyer in the growth chamber, but only 6 consistently had disease levels as low as Meyer in the field. Growth chamber results did not correlate to field results.
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Freitas, José de. "APLICAÇÕES DE FUNGICIDAS EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS DA CULTURA DA SOJA EM DOIS LOCAIS." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2012. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2227.

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The main diseases occurring in soybean (Glycine max) in Brazil have a great damage potential, requiring additional expenses to control through measures available today, highlighting the fungicides spray. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fungicides spray at different growth stages of soybean, cultivar CD 206, and verify the relation between the severity of powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) and of asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), on yield components. Two experiments were conducted on field one in Arapoti (experiment I) and another in Ponta Grossa (experiment II) in the region of Campos Gerais, Paraná. In both local the fungicide was sprayed trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole, in a rate of 56,4 + 24,0 mL a. i. ha-1, was added ajduvante methyl ester of soybean oil in a rate of 360,0 mL a. i. ha-1. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments in a total of ten, were composed of fungicides spray in different numbers and growth stages: Experiment I, 1. Control (no spray); 2. R5.2; 3. R4 + R5.2; 4. R2 + R4 + R5.2; 5. V9 + R2 + R4 + R5.2; 6. V6 + V9 + R2 + R4 + R5.2; 7. V6 + V9 + R2 + R4; 8. V6 + V9 + R2; 9. V6 + V9 and 10. V6. Experiment II, 1. Control (no spray); 2. R5.1; 3. R3 + R5.1; 4. R1 + R3 + R5.1; 5. V8 + R1 + R3 + R5.1; 6. V5 + V8 + R1 +R3 + R5.1, 7. V5 + V8 + R1 + R3; 8. V5 + V8 + R1; 9. V5 + V8 and 10. V5. The treatments were composed in order to generate and compare different percentages of severity of powdery mildew and asian soybean rust obtained by the period of protection or exposure to these diseases. The severity of powdery mildew was evaluated experiment I growth stages R2, R4, R5.3 and R5.5 and in experiment II in R1, R3, R5.2, R5.3 and R5.5. The severity of asian soybean rust was evaluated experiment I in growth at stages R5.3, R5.4, R6 and R7.1, and in experiment II R5.1, R5.2, R5.3, R5.5 and R6. With the data of severity it was calculated the area under the disease progress curve. Were also evaluated defoliation, yield and their components (number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant and thousand grain weight). Powdery mildew showed low severity. The asian soybean rust was the disease predominant in high severity, with high damage potential. The fungicides spray reduced disease severity and there was a negative linear relationship with the yield. Long periods without protection of plants allowed rapid reinfection of powdery mildew and spray erradicativas resulted in low efficiency of control powdery mildew and asian soybean rust. The fungicides spray between growth stages R1 to R5.2 promoted protection since the beginning of the epidemic and residual effect, que resulted in less severity, less defoliation, increased grain yield and higher yield.
As principais doenças que ocorrem na cultura da soja (Glycine max) no Brasil apresentam grande potencial de dano, exigindo gastos adicionais para o controle através das medidas disponíveis atualmente, destacando-se as aplicações de fungicidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das aplicações de fungicidas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da soja, cultivar CD 206, e verificar a relação entre a severidade do oídio (Erysiphe diffusa) e da ferrugem asiática da soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), sobre componentes de produtividade. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo, um em Arapoti (experimento I) e o outro em Ponta Grossa (experimento II), na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Em ambos os locais foi aplicado o fungicida trifloxistrobina + ciproconazol, na dose de 56,4 + 24,0 mL i. a. ha-1, adicionado de ajduvante éster metílico de óleo de soja na dose de 360 mL i. a. ha-1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos em um total de dez, foram compostos de aplicações de fungicidas em diferentes números e estádios de desenvolvimento:Experimento I, 1. Testemunha (sem aplicação); 2. R5.2; 3. R4 + R5.2; 4. R2 + R4 +R5.2; 5. V9 + R2 + R4 + R5.2; 6. V6 + V9 + R2 + R4 + R5.2; 7. V6 + V9 + R2 + R4;8. V6 + V9 + R2; 9. V6 + V9 e 10. V6. Experimento II, 1. Testemunha (sem aplicação); 2. R5.1; 3. R3 + R5.1; 4. R1 + R3 + R5.1; 5. V8 + R1 + R3 + R5.1; 6. V5 + V8 + R1 + R3 + R5.1, 7. V5 + V8 + R1 + R3; 8. V5 + V8 + R1; 9. V5 + V8 e 10. V5. Os tratamentos foram compostos, a fim de gerar e comparar diferentes porcentagens de severidade de oídio e ferrugem asiática obtida pelo período de proteção ou exposição às estas doenças. A severidade do oídio foi avaliada no experimento I nos estádios de desenvolvimento R2, R4, R5.3 e R5.5 e no experimento II em R1, R3, R5.2, R5.3 e R5.5. A severidade da ferrugem asiática da soja foi avaliada no experimento I nos estádios de desenvolvimento R5.3, R5.4, R6 e R7.1, e no experimento II em R5.1, R5.2, R5.3, R5.5 e R6. Com os dados de severidade calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso das doenças. Avaliouse também desfolha, produtividade e seus componentes (número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por planta, massa de grãos por planta e massa de mil grãos). O oídio apresentou baixa severidade. A ferrugem asiática foi a doença predominante em alta severidade, com alto potencial de dano. As aplicações de fungicidas reduziram a severidade das doenças e houve relação linear negativa com a produtividade. Longos períodos sem proteção das plantas permitiram reinfecção rápida do oídio e as aplicações erradicativas resultaram em baixa eficiência de controle do oídio e da ferrugem asiática. Aplicações do fungicida entre os estádios de desenvolvimento R1 a R5.2 promoveram proteção desde o início da epidemia e,efeito residual, resultaram em menor severidade, menor desfolha, maior massa de grãos e maior produtividade.
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Wise, Klersten A. "Effect of fungicide timing and environmental conditions on production and viability of urediniospores of puccinia hemerocallidis." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/wise%5Fkiersten%5Fa%5F200408%5Fms.

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Books on the topic "Fungicide timing"

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Peterson, Michael James. Grey mould control on container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings: Timing of fungicide application related to greenhouse environment. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1988.

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P, Gladders, and Home-Grown Cereals Authority, eds. Improving stem canker control in winter oilseed rape by accurate timing of fungicide applications based on disease forecasts. London: Home-Grown Cereals Authority, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fungicide timing"

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Summuna, Baby, Sachin Gupta, and Moni Gupta. "Diseases of Potato." In Sustainable Potato Production and the Impact of Climate Change, 228–46. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.ch011.

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Potato production is seriously compromised due to prevalence of a number of diseases and they are the major constraints in potato production resulting in significant yield reduction. Integrated disease management of potato includes regular inspection for healthy seed or nursery, crop production, correct identification of the problem, cultural practices (crop rotation, sanitation etc.), biological control, soil fumigation (if necessary), seed or nursery stock treatment and disinfestations of cutting tools. Due to the ever increasing number of new fungicide resistant fungal pathogens, proper and timely diagnosis of potato diseases is becoming paramount to effective disease management, and growers need up-to-date information to help make important decisions on optimal use and timing of pesticides and other control options.
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Audenaert, Kris, Sofie Landschoot, Adriaan Vanheule, Willem Waegeman, Bernard De, and Geert Haesaert. "Impact of Fungicide Timing on the Composition of the Fusarium Head Blight Disease Complex and the Presence of Deoxynivalenol (DON) in Wheat." In Fungicides - Beneficial and Harmful Aspects. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/26322.

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Yılmaz, Bayram. "Endokrin Bozucuların Güncel Durumu, Ağır Metaller, Poliklorlu Bifeniller (PCBS), Parabenler, BHA, BHT." In Endokrin Bozucular ve Sağlık, 11–34. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-04-7.ch02.

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are a global problem for environmental and human health. They are defined as “an exogenous chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action”. It is estimated that there are about 1000 chemicals with endocrine-acting properties. EDCs comprise pesticides, fungicides, industrial chemicals, plasticizers, nonylphenols, metals, pharmaceutical agents and phytoestrogens. Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants (POPs) are substances that persist a long time in the environment and pose a threat for human health. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of POPs that were widely used and banned in 1980s. PCBs may have neurotoxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, hepatatoxic, nephrotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Some PCBs resemble to estradiol 17-β and hence can mimic estrogenic effects. In contrast, coplanar PCBs mimic dioxin that they bind to aryl hydrocarbon receptor and causes anti-estrogenic effects. Heavy metals (mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and uranium) have been reported to have endocrine disruptive effects. However, their carcinogenic, neurotoxic and other adverse effects on human health are more important. Parabens are methyl, ethyl, propyl and ester forms of PHBA that are commonly used in food, pharmaceutical and personal care products. They have weak endocrine disruptive effects. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are food additives as antioxidants. There are very few studies on the endocrine disruptor effects of BHA and BHT. Their use has been limited in USA, EU and Canada. Human exposure to EDCs mainly occurs by ingestion and to some extent by inhalation and dermal uptake. Most EDCs are lipophilic and bioaccumulate in the adipose tissue, thus they have a very long half-life in the body. It is difficult to assess the full impact of human exposure to EDCs because adverse effects develop latently and manifest at later ages, and in some people do not present. Timing of exposure is of importance. Developing fetus and neonates are the most vulnerable to endocrine disruption. EDCs may interfere with synthesis, action and metabolism of sex steroid hormones that in turn cause developmental and fertility problems, infertility and hormone-sensitive cancers in women and men. Some EDCs exert obesogenic effects that result in disturbance in energy homeostasis. Interference with hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid and adrenal axes has also been reported. Potential EDCs, their effects and mechanisms of action, epidemiological studies to analyze their effects on human health, bio-detection and chemical identification methods, studying EDCs in humans and recommendations for endocrinologists, individuals and policy makers are reviewed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fungicide timing"

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Faske, Travis. "Fungicide selection and timing to manage southern rust of corn." In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-212.

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Jacobsen, Barry J., John C. Ansley, Ken Kephart, Nina A. Zidack, Alan Dyer, and Mareike R. Johnson. "Timing of azoxystrobin fungicide application for control of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot on sugarbeet." In American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist. ASSBT, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2007.47.

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Foss, Ralph, James F. Stewart, Lee A. Hubbell, and Brian Groulx. "Influence of variety tolerance, application timing and fungicide efficacy on control of Cercospora leafspot in Michigan." In American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2011.52.

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Harveson, Robert M., Kathleen A. Nielsen, and C. Clay Carlson. "Determining optimal fungicide timing for Rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beets in Nebraska based on soil temperatures." In American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2011.107.

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Reports on the topic "Fungicide timing"

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and Ryan Rusk. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicide Timing on Hybrid Corn in Iowa, 2008. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2598.

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Wise, Kiersten A., Damon L. Smith, Anna Freije, Daren S. Mueller, Yuba R. Kandel, Tom W. Allen, Carl A. Bradley, et al. Impact of foliar fungicide timing and fungicide class on corn yield response in the United States and Ontario, Canada. United States: Crop Protection Network, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20210318-0.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and David Rueber. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-114.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and Ryan Rusk. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1318.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, Kirk A. Schwarte, and Bernard J. Havlovic. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-200.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-262.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and Kevin Van Dee. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2627.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-441.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and David Rueber. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-808.

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Robertson, Alison E., John M. Shriver, and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Hybrid Corn in Iowa. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2213.

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