Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fungal flora'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fungal flora.

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Fungal flora.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Barreto, Robert Weingart. "Studies on the pathogenic mycoflora of selected weeds from the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292304.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Au, Wai-ting, and 歐慧婷. "Decomposition of Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves in two Hong Kong streams and the associated fungal flora." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209087.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sriwati, Rina. "Succession of nematode fauna and fungal flora in pine trees after infection with the pinewood nematode." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78171.

Full text
Abstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第13098号
農博第1603号
新制||農||939(附属図書館)
学位論文||H19||N4224(農学部図書室)
UT51-2007-H371
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 二井 一禎, 教授 髙藤 晃雄, 教授 武田 博清
学位規則第4条第1項該当
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Artursson, Veronica. "Bacterial-fungal interactions highlighted using microbiomics : potential application for plant growth enhancement /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005127.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Keay, Susan M. "Psilocybe semilanceata : hyphal interactions with the roots of grassland flora." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317086.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ribeiro, Diogo Marcelo Lima. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO E COMPORTAMENTO SACARIFICANTE DA FLORA MICROBIANA EMPREGADA NA FABRICAÇÃO DA AGUARDENTE DE MANDIOCA (TIQUIRA)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2011. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/919.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Diogo pdf.pdf: 2699953 bytes, checksum: 09315b0edaa52c24cb3e4ee84d5626e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20
The Tiquira is a distilled alcoholic beverage prepared from the saccharification and subsequent fermentation of cassava. The processes of saccharification and fermentation are performed by micro-organisms that grow naturally in beijus exposed to the environment. The growth of these micro-organisms occurs over a period of approximately 8 days and as many strains are collected, the process yield and the quality of distillate are compromised. The objective is therefore to improve the quality of spirit cassava (Tiquira) produced in the state of Maranhão through the identification and selection of the best micro-organisms and fermentation and saccarifiying employed in artisanal process. The selected strains were subjected to studies, which identified the presence of filamentous fungi, bacteria and yeast. We identified three (3) species of filamentous fungi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae, which were tested before their power of sporulation in different culture media at 30oC, and the SDA medium provided the best composition for obtaining the fungal growth more quickly. Samples of R.oryzae, A.niger and A.flavus previously shown to be the best producers were selected for testing enzymatic saccharification of starch to evaluate and confirm the ability of conversion to glucose. The strain R. oryzae reached a conversion value of 78.02% on average using a standard temperature of 30oC, amount of 5.5 x 107 spores, pH 5 and 50g/l of soluble starch, giving a greater yield of saccharification, followed by A.flavus 71.55%, A.niger 57.17% and mixture of spores 48,02%. Therefore, it is evident that the use of filamentous micro-organisms native becomes an option for use in starch saccharification samples.
A Tiquira é uma bebida alcoólica destilada e preparada a partir da sacarificação e posterior fermentação da mandioca. Os processos de sacarificação e fermentação são realizados por micro-organismos que se desenvolvem naturalmente nos beijus expostos ao meio ambiente. O crescimento desses micro-organismos ocorre por um período aproximado de 8 dias e, como são diversas as linhagens coletadas, o rendimento do processo bem como a qualidade do destilado ficam comprometidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, o de contribuir para a obtenção de uma maior qualidade da aguardente de mandioca (Tiquira) produzida no estado do Maranhão através da identificação e seleção dos melhores micro-organismos sacarificantes e fermentativos empregados no processo artesanal. As cepas selecionadas foram submetidas a estudos, onde identificamos a presença de fungos filamentosos, bactérias e uma levedura. Foram identificadas 3 (três) espécies de fungos filamentosos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus e Rhizopus oryzae, os quais foram testados perante o seu poder de esporulação em diferentes meios de cultura a 30oC, tendo o meio SDA (Saboroud Dextrose Ágar) fornecido a melhor composição para o obtenção do crescimento dos fungos mais rapidamente. As amostras de R. oryzae, A. niger, A. flavus e a mistura destes esporos, que previamente mostraram ser melhores produtoras enzimáticas foram selecionadas para testes de sacarificação do amido para avaliar e confirmar a capacidade de conversão à glicose. A cepa R. oryzae alcançou um valor de conversão de 78,02% em média utilizando-se uma temperatura padrão de 30oC, quantidade de esporos 5,5 x 107, pH 5 e 50g/l de amido solúvel, obtendo o maior rendimento de sacarificação, seguida pelo A. flavus 71,55% , A. niger 57,17% e mistura dos esporos 48,02%. Portanto, evidencia-se que a utilização de micro-organismos filamentosos autóctones torna-se uma opção para uso em sacarificação de amostras amiláceas.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Marques, João Paulo Rodrigues. "Podridão floral dos citros: histopatologia de Colletotrichum acutatum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-17092012-160523/.

Full text
Abstract:
A podridão floral dos citros (PFC) é uma doença causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum acutatum responsável por causar grandes danos à produção de citros no Brasil. A doença surge apenas em botões florais com 8mm de comprimento ou maiores, levando a formação de lesões alaranjadas nas pétalas, lesões necróticas no estigma, promove a queda prematura dos frutos e a retenção do cálice e pedúnculo, sendo este último sintoma denominado estrelinha. Este trabalho tem por objetivo: observar o modo de penetração do fungo no hospedeiro Citrus sinensis Valência e os estágios posteriores da colonização, verificar se há fatores estruturais e químicos pré-formados que expliquem o porquê do fungo não conseguir infectar botões florais com menos de 8mm, caracterizar anatomicamente o sintoma estrelinha e estigmas lesionados, investigar ultraestruturalmente pétalas inoculadas, analisar se há o estabelecimento de uma infecção quiescente nos tecidos foliares, analisar grãos de pólen após a inoculação in vivo e in vitro com o fungo. Botões florais sadios, pétalas e estigmas com e sem lesões, foram submetidos às técnicas convencionais de microscopia de luz e eletrônica. Folhas e grãos de pólen foram inoculados e analisados. Foi desenvolvida uma nova técnica de coloração para tecidos vegetais infectados por fungos. A resistência dos botões florais menores que 8mm pode estar associada às barreiras químicas e estruturais pré-formadas. O ápice, nesses botões, apresenta papilas entremeadas, cristais de oxalato de cálcio no mesofilo e câmara subestomática e cavidades de óleo localizadas muito próximas umas das outras. Botões com 8mm e 12mm possuem, no ápice, papilas com arranjo frouxo, ausência de cristais e maior distanciamento entre as cavidades de óleo. No ápice da pétala, verificou-se que as células papilosas são osmóforos. No sintoma estrelinha, nota-se sob a região de abscisão do ovário a instalação de um meristema de cicatrização. A lignificação das paredes das células da medula do receptáculo e do pedúnculo floral está associada à retenção destas estruturas na planta. Nas pétalas infectadas, o C. acutatum pode penetrar intra, intercelularmente e via estômato. O fungo pode crescer de modo subcuticular e intramural e coloniza todos os tecidos da pétala. A nova técnica de coloração se mostrou muito útil nas análises histopatológicas. O fungo associa-se aos tecidos vasculares. Acérvulos ocorrem em ambas as faces das pétalas. A cutícula nos estágios mais avançados da lesão apresenta-se alterada, ou seja, ocorre a perda da ornamentação estriada e maior deposição de material lipofílico. A síntese de materiais lipofílicos envolve o retículo endoplasmático liso e rugoso e plastídios. Vesículas provenientes de dictiossomos e de corpos multivesiculares são observadas ao longo da parede celular e estão associadas ao depósito de material lipofílico na cutícula. No estigma lesionado há a formação de uma camada de proteção. O fungo apresenta quimiotropismo e cresce em direção aos grãos de pólen infectando-os 24 horas após a inoculação. Sugere-se que C. acutatum pode utilizar grãos de pólen para a sua dispersão. Após 48 horas da inoculação as folhas apresentam conídios germinados com apressórios.
The postbloom fruit drop (PFD) is a disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum responsible for causing great damage to citrus crops in Brazil. The disease appears only in flower buds 8 mm in length or greater, leading to orange lesions in petals, necrotic lesions on the stigma, promoting the young fruit drop and the retention of the calyx and peduncle, which is called buttons. In this context, this study aimed to: observe the fungus penetration mode into the host Citrus sinensis \'Valência\' and the later stages of colonization; study the presence of preformed structural and chemical factors to explain why the fungus cannot infect floral buds with less than 8 mm in length; characterize anatomically the symptom \"buttons\" and injured stigmas; investigate the ultrastructural changes in tissues of inoculated petals; analyze whether there is the establishment of a quiescent infection in leaf tissues, analyze pollen grains after inoculation in vivo and in vitro with the fungus. Healthy buds, petals and stigmas with and without lesions, were processed and analyzed using conventional light and electron microscopy techniques. Leaves and pollen grains were also inoculated and analyzed with light microscopy. It was developed a new staining method for fungal-infected plant tissues. The resistance of flower buds smaller than 8mm may be associated with preformed structural and chemical barriers. These buttons display the apex with interspersed papillae, with crystals in mesophyll and substomatic chamber and oil cavities, which are located very close to each other on the abaxial surface. In 8mm and 12mm flower buds, the papilas in the apex become weakly interspaced, the crystals are not observed and there is the increase of the distance between the oil cavities. The papillose cells are osmophores. In the symptom \"button\", it is noted in the abscission of the ovary, an installation of wound meristem. There is also the lignification in the pith of receptacle and pedicel that can be associated with the retention of these structures in the plant. In infected petals, it was found that C. acutatum can penetrate intra and intercelullar or via stomata. The fungus may grow subcuticular and intramural and colonize all tissues of petal. The new staining technique developed has proved very useful for histopathological analysis. The fungus is closely associated with vascular tissues. The acervulli occur on both surfaces of petals. The cuticle in the later stages of the lesion is altered, i.e., there is loss of striated ornamentation and increased deposition of lipophilic material. The synthesis of lipophilic materials involves rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and plastids. Vesicles from dictyosomes and multivesicular bodies were observed throughout the cell wall and are associated with the deposit of lipophilic material in the cuticle. There is the formation of protective layer over the stigma damaged area. The fungus shows chemotropism and grows toward the pollen infecting it 24 hours after inoculation. It is suggested that C. acutatum can use pollen grains for dispersal. After 48 hours of inoculation, the leaves have germinated conidia with appressoria.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mochizuki, Ko. "Diversity of plants pollinated by fungus gnats and associated floral syndrome." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232293.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Frare, Guilherme Fernando. "Sobrevivência de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da podridão floral dos citros, em plantas daninhas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-08022012-085923/.

Full text
Abstract:
O Brasil é o maior produtor de laranja do mundo e, embora o cultivo ocorra em todos os estados brasileiros, o Estado de São Paulo é o maior produtor, responsável por 80% da produção nacional. Dentre as doenças que podem limitar a produção dos citros encontra-se a podridão floral do citros (PFC), causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds. Os sintomas desta doença são caracterizados pela presença de lesões necróticas marrons ou alaranjadas nas pétalas e queda dos frutos recém formados, os cálices e os pedúnculos permanecem retidos nos ramos. Em citros, C. acutatum pode sobreviver aderido à superfície das folhas, na forma de apressório quiescente, por pelo menos um mês. As plantas daninhas podem atuar como hospedeiras alternativas de diversos patógenos, servindo como fontes de inóculo e desempenhando um importante papel na epidemiologia das doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se plantas daninhas, comuns em pomares de citros no Estado de São Paulo, podem servir como fonte de inóculo de C. acutatum para esta cultura. Sete espécies de plantas daninhas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de conídios de C. acutatum, calibrada a 105 conídios/mL. Após a inoculação, estas foram mantidas em câmara úmida por 36 horas e, em seguida, amostras de todas as plantas foram coletadas e observadas em microscópio óptico para verificar a germinação dos conídios. Trinta, sessenta e noventa dias após as inoculações realizou-se o isolamento de C. acutatum das folhas inoculadas. Para isso, amostras de folhas de cada espécie de planta daninha foram coletadas, desinfestadas superficialmente e transferidas para placas de Petri, onde receberam 70 L de extrato floral de citros sobre o local da inoculação, para estimular a germinação dos apressórios ali presentes. As folhas permaneceram incubadas por 24 horas a 23°C, com fotoperíodo de 12 h. Após esse período, as áreas inoculadas das folhas foram cortadas e transferidas para placas de poliestireno contendo meio de Martin. Após o surgimento das primeiras colônias de C. acutatum, discos de quatro milímetros de diâmetro foram transferidos para meio BDA, para a obtenção de colônias puras. Em seguida foi realizado um teste de patogenicidade em flores de laranja doce de três anos de idade. Os dados de porcentagem de isolamento foram analisados análise de variância e testes não paramétricos. Foram observadas a germinação e a formação de apressórios de C. acutatum na superfície de todas as folhas inoculadas, após 36 horas de câmara úmida. Não houve diferença estatística na sobrevivência de C. acutatum ao longo dos 30, 60 e 90 dias e não foi observado nenhum tipo de sintoma nas folhas inoculadas. C. acutatum foi isolado de todas as plantas daninhas analisadas, embora o tempo de sobrevivência tenha variado em função da espécie de daninha. Todos os isolados obtidos das plantas daninhas apresentaram sintomas típicos de PFC em todas as flores inoculadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as plantas daninhas avaliadas podem servir como hospedeiras alternativas de C. acutatum, resultando em fonte de inóculo primário e secundário deste patógeno para a cultura do citros.
Brazil is the major orange producer in the world, and although the cropping occurs all over the Brazilian States, the São Paulo State is the major producer, responsible for 80% of the national production. Postbloom fruit drop (PFD), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds is an important disease that can cause yield reduction. The symptoms of this disease are characterized by the presence of brown or orange necrotic lesions in the petals and the drop of young fruits; the calyces and peduncles remain in the branches after fruit drop. In citrus, C. acutatum can adhered to the surface of the leaves, in the form of quiescent appressoria, for at least one month. The weeds can act as alternative hosts of diverse pathogens, serving as inoculum sources and playing an important role in the disease epidemiology. The purpose of this research was to verify if weeds, commons in citrus orchards in São Paulo State, may serve as inoculum source of C. acutatum for this crop. Seven weed species were inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. acutatum, calibrated with 105 conidia/mL. After the inoculation, the weeds were kept in humidity chamber for 36 hours. Samples of all weeds were collected and observed in optical microscope to verify the conidia germination. Thirty, sixty and ninety days after inoculation, C. acutatum was isolated from the inoculated leaves. For this purpose, leaves of each weed species were collected, superficially disinfested and transferred to Petri dishes. The leaves received 70 L of citrus flower extract over the inoculation area to stimulate the appressoria germination. The leaves were incubated for 24 hours at 23°C, with 12 hours of photoperiod. After this period, the inoculated areas were cut and transferred to polystyrene dishes with Martin medium. After the appearance of the first colonies of C. acutatum, discs of four millimeters of diameter were transferred to PDA medium to obtain pure colonies. A pathogenicity test was carried out in three years old sweet orange flowers. The percentage of pathogen isolation was analyzed by variance analysis or non-parametric analysis. Conidia germination and appressoria formation of C. acutatum in all inoculated leaves were observed, after 36 hours of humidity chamber. There was no statistical difference in the C. acutatum survival during 30, 60 e 90 days and no type of symptom was observed in the inoculated leaves. C. acutatum was isolated from every weed analyzed, although the survival period varied among the weed species. Every isolated obtained from the weeds presented typical PFD symptoms in every inoculated flowers. The results showed that weeds can serve as alternative hosts of C. acutatum, contributing in primary and secondary inoculum source of this pathogen to the citrus crop.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Souza, Adriano Honorato de, and 92-99124-3842. "Seleção de atributos relevantes: aplicando técnicas na base de dados do Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6232.

Full text
Abstract:
Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-07T18:10:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação _Adriano Honorato.pdf: 2593391 bytes, checksum: 66560b270a251eb8352a53374e86aa02 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-07T18:10:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação _Adriano Honorato.pdf: 2593391 bytes, checksum: 66560b270a251eb8352a53374e86aa02 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T18:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação _Adriano Honorato.pdf: 2593391 bytes, checksum: 66560b270a251eb8352a53374e86aa02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29
Virtual herbariums aim to disseminate scientific information and contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of Brazilian biological resources. It currently includes 120 national herbaria and 25 herbariums from abroad, together provide more than 5,4 million records and more than one million images, in addition to several free access tools, opening space for the application of Machine Learning techniques, among them classifiers. In the Machine Learning process, Attribute Selection is part of the pre-processing of data and can correspond to 80% of the data mining phase, for this it is necessary to study the approaches used to make the selection of a subset of attributes that better generalize the basis to be induced to the model of machine learning. The objective of this work is to apply the attributes selection processes with the following filter, wrapper and embedded approaches in the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) - Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi, this base contains 87,732 records and 51 features, with 119 collections and sub-collections, 86,967 online records, 80,513 georeferenced records, 12,073 different accepted species. The first phase of machine learning processes is the pre-processing, which will analyze the database and will result in a more general and ready basis for the application of the predictive models of classification, after the filter of the most relevant subset of attributes, the Machine Learning algorithms are applied, which in this research was: Decision Tree, Network Neural Artificial and Logistic Regression. The evaluation of the models will be through the confusion matrix using the accuracy and the analysis of the area on the ROC curve. Among the models studied, the Logistic Regression was the one that obtained the performance with a total accuracy of 77.25%, with the filter approach and 76.25% with the wrapper.
Os herbários virtuais têm como objetivo disseminar informações científicas e contribuir para a conservação e uso sustentável dos recursos biológicos brasileiros. Atualmente integra 120 herbários nacionais e 25 herbários do exterior, juntos disponibilizam mais de 5,4 milhões de registros e mais de um milhão de imagens, além de várias ferramentas de livre acesso, abrindo espaço para a aplicação de técnicas de Aprendizagem de Máquina, entre elas os classificadores. No processo de Aprendizagem de Máquina a Seleção de Atributos faz parte do pré-processamento de dados e que pode corresponder a 80% da fase da mineração de dados, para isso se faz necessário um estudo sobre das abordagens utilizadas para fazer a seleção de um subconjunto de atributos que melhor generalize a base para ser induzido ao modelo de aprendizado de máquina. O objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar os processos de seleção de atributos com as seguintes abordagens filtro, wrapper e embutido, na base de dados do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos, esta base contém 87.732 registros e 51 atributos, sendo 119 coleções e sub-coleções, 86.967 registros online, 80.513 registros georreferenciados, 12.073 espécies aceitas distintas. A primeira fase dos processos de aprendizado de máquina é o pré-processamento, que analisará a base de dados e resultará em uma base mais genérica e pronta para aplicação dos modelos preditivos de classificação, após o filtro do subconjunto de atributos mais relevantes aplicam-se os algoritmos de Aprendizagem de Máquina, que nesta pesquisa foi: Árvore de Decisão, Rede Neural Artificial e Regressão Logística. A avalição dos modelos será através da matriz de confusão utilizando a acurácia e a análise da área sobre a curva ROC. Dentre os modelos estudados o de Regressão Logística obteve o desempenho de classificação de acurácia de 77,25%, com a abordagem filtro e 76,25% com a wrapper.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Carregaro, Fabiano Bonfim. "Microbiota fúngica isolada da pele de suínos hígidos procedentes de diversos municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10837.

Full text
Abstract:
A suinocultura brasileira encontra-se atualmente em um nível técnico de destaque no contexto mundial. Entretanto, diversas estratégias são utilizadas para restringir a compra dos produtos brasileiros por países estrangeiros, em especial barreiras sanitárias. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram determinar a microbiota fúngica da pele de suínos sem lesões aparentes e estabelecer os possíveis agentes micóticos de importância nesta espécie. Foram obtidas 261 amostras de animais com 20 a 120 dias de idade, provenientes de 11 granjas do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram obtidas apenas dos animais com ausência de qualquer patologia. Essas foram semeadas em Agar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol. Obteve-se o crescimento de 509 culturas, sendo 305 (59,92%) fungos filamentosos e 204 (40,08%) leveduras. A distribuição do número de diferentes colônias isoladas por amostra demonstra uma predominância de monocultura no grupo 1 (animais de 20 a 60 dias de idade) em relação ao grupo 2 (animais acima de 60 dias de idade). Dentre os fungos filamentosos septados, ocorreu predominância dos hialohifomicetos (43,03%) em relação aos feohifomicetos (10,41%), enquanto que observou-se apenas 6,48% de filamentosos asseptados. O Aspergillus (22,90%) foi o gênero de hialohifomiceto mais isolado, com predominância do A. flavus (5,70%). Dentre os feohifomicetos, o gênero Cladosporium foi o mais prevalente (9,04%). No que concerne os zygomicetos, o gênero mais isolado foi Mucor (4,13%). Em relação às leveduras, o gênero Candida foi o mais isolado (14,73%), sendo a distribuição de freqüência das espécies: C. albicans (13,56%), C. parapsilopsis (0,59%), C. famata (0,20%), C. tropicalis (0,20%) e outras espécies de Candida (0,20%). A reduzida quantidade de diferentes fungos isolados por amostra nos animais do grupo 1, em relação ao grupo 2, pode ter sido influenciada pela menor quantidade de grãos utilizada na fabricação de ração nos animais mais novos, maior freqüência de limpeza e desinfecção das instalações, bem como a não mistura de animais provenientes de diferentes origens. A alta prevalência do gênero Candida observada em suínos, um gênero normalmente comensal do trato gastrintestinal, se torna importante quando esses animais são acometidos por doenças imunossupressoras. Estudos clínicos longitudinais e/ou infecções experimentais talvez possam definir a importância destes agentes em suínos.
Brazilian pig production has reached a technical and techological level that stands out in international pig production. However, several strategies have been used to limit access of Brazilian pig products to international market, including health barriers. The objective of our work was to determine the fungal flora of the healthy pig skin and to determine possible micotic agents important for this animal species. 261 samples from 20-120 day old pigles were obtained from 11 pig farms from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All sampled animals were negative for any skin lesions. The samples were cultured in Sabouraud agar and cloranfenicol. Cultures were obtained from 509 materials, with 305 (59,95%) filamentous fungi and 204 (40,08%) yeasts. The distribution of different fungi isolated each simple shows a high prevalence on group 1 (20-60 days old) in relation to group 2 (more than 60 days old). Among septated filamentous fungi, there was a great preponderance of hialohifomycetes (43,03%) in relation to feohifomycetes (10,41%), while only 6,48% were aseptated filamentous. Aspergillus (22,90%) was the most isolated genus of hialohifomycetes and A. flavus (5,70%) was the more prevalent specie isolated. As to zygomycetes, the most isolated genus was Mucor (4,13%). Regarding yeasts, the genus Candida was the most prevalent (14,73%) and the species distribution was: C. albicans (13,56%), C. parapsilopsis (0,59%), C. famata (0,20%), C. tropicalis (0,20%) and other Candida species (0,20%). The little quantity isolated per sample could have been influenced by quantity of grains used in pig feed in these different stages of production, types of facilities, stress and environmental changes could be important to imbalance the flora, as well as favoring diffusion of mycosis in the herds. The limited number of different fungi isolated from animal flora on group 1 may have been influenced by the smaller use of grains in the feed mill in this stage, a better cleaning and disinfection of premises, as well as avoiding mixing pigs of different source. Clinical longitudinal studies and/ or experimental infections perhaps may help to define the importance of these fungi to that species.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Santos, Marilda Maria Ferraz Borges dos. "Efeito de extratos de duas formas de Lippia alba sobre o fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) Isolado de citrus sp." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-20181127-160935/.

Full text
Abstract:
Lippia alba (mill) N. E. Br. ex Britt l Wilson - Verbenaceae - é relatada como uma planta medicinal com efeito fungitóxico para vários fungos fitopatogênicos e entre esses Colletotrilhum gloeosporioides (penz), causador da doença"queda de frutos jovens de citros". Testes realizados a partir de duas formas de L. alba - forma 1 (F1) e forma 2 (F2) mantidos em contato com gotas de suspensão de conídios de C. glocosponcides, sobre superfície de poliestireno durante diferentes períodos de tempo, demonstraram que substância(s) presente(s) em folhas secas das duas formas de L. alba altera(m) o padrão de germinação dos conídios, aumentado o comportamento e a largura do tubo germinativa e impedindo a formação do apressório. A não formação de apressórios pelos conídios foi também demonstrada a partir do contato de extratos acetônicos, etanólicos e hexânicos com gotas de suspensão de esporos em lâminas de poliestireno. Utilizando-se esses extratos, sobre meio BDA em placas de Petri, verificou-se também o efeito dos mesmos sobre o crescimento micelial de C. gloeosporioides. O extrato etanólico mostrou-se como e mais eficiente na redução do crescimento micelial, enquanto que o extrato aquoso não exibiu efeito algum nesse sentido. Através de bioensaios para frações fungitóxicas, pelo uso de placas de cromato-grafia delgada, demonstrou-se também o efeito fungitóxico dos extratos provenientes das duas formas de L.alba. Com o aparecimento de diferentes zonas de inibição do crescimento de L. gloeosporioides, comprovando-se o efeito fungitóxico de todos os extratos inclusive o aquoso, para as duas formas de L. alba. A quantificação de proteínas e carboidratos totais, bem como análise de macro e micronutrientes realizadas nas folhas secas das duas formas de L. alba não forneceram evidências para se efetuar correlações sobre o papel desses compostos na atividade fungistática apresentada
not available
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Dejene, Mashilla. "Grain storage methods and their effects on Sorghum grain quality in Hararghe, Ethiopia /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a454.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Belbahi, Amine. "Étude et modélisation d'un traitement thermique suivi d'un conditionnement (température, aw et CO2) pour la maîtrise de la flore fongique d’altération des dattes à humidité intermédiaire." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0032.

Full text
Abstract:
La datte Deglet-Nour est traditionnellement récoltée et consommée au stade de maturité complet Tamar caractérisée par une faible activité en eau (aw< 0,76). Cette datte est stable dans des conditions ambiantes. En revanche, à un stade de maturité précoce (Routab), la Deglet-Nour est intéressante sur le plan organoleptique, mais susceptible de développement microbien en raison de son activité en eau intermédiaire (aw = 0,80−0,85). Ce travail s'est intéressé à d'une part, réduire la charge microbienne initiale des dattes par une opération de traitement thermique de surface post-récolte, puis d'autre part, à prolonger la durée de vie des dattes en inhibant le développement fongique par l'effet (seul ou combiné) de trois facteurs environnementaux que sont la température, l'aw et l'atmosphère enrichie en CO2 (emballage sous atmosphère modifiée). Les souches fongiques présentent à la surface des dattes ont été isolées et identifiées sur des dattes collectées dans trois régions du sud algérien ; il s'agit d'Aspergillus niger, d'Alternaria alternata et de Candida apicola. La charge fongique varie entre 2,4 et 5,8 10^2 UFC/g et est localisée uniquement à la surface des dattes. Un modèle d'inactivation thermique des souches a été développé. La thermosensibilité des souches a été évaluée avec un D_50 de 2,3 ± 0,4 min et 22,1 ± 2,1 min, pour C. apicola et Asp. niger respectivement. Les valeurs de sont 9,4 ± 2,6°C et 9,6 ± 0,1°C, pour C. apicola et Asp. niger, respectivement. Ce modèle cinétique a été validé en condition de traitement thermique instationnaire. Un modèle numérique de transfert d'énergie en 2D axisymétrique a été conçu et résolu par la méthode des éléments finis. Il prend notamment en compte, les diverses parties d'une datte (pulpe, lame d'air, noyau) et permet d'estimer la réduction de charge des levures et l'impact sur la qualité. Ces informations ont permis de rationaliser les barèmes de pasteurisation en surface des dattes tout en limitant le brunissement non-enzymatique. Les effets de la température (10−40°C), de l'aw (0,993−0,818) et de la concentration en CO2 (9,4−55,1%, v/v) sur les vitesses de croissance des deux souches ont été quantifiées et modélisées par un modèle primaire linéaire à deux phases et le modèle secondaire du γ-concept. Il inclue les interactions entre l'aw et le CO2. Les limites de croissance/non-croissance ont été prédites par une approche déterministe, et l'évaluation de la performance du modèle a été menée sur une pâte de datte. Asp. niger manifeste une plus grande vitesse de croissance et tolérance aux faible aw que Alt. alternata, tandis que Alt. alternata est plus tolérantes aux fortes concentrations en CO2 et aux basses températures (respectivement pour Asp. niger et Alt. alternata : µ_opt = 28,6 et 12,1 mm jour^–1 ; aw_min= 0,786 et 0,808 ; CO2_max= 79,8 et 95,1% ; T_min = 4,4°C et 1,6°C). Le modèle γ-concept surestime les vitesses de croissance sur la pâte de datte, en revanche le modèle reste optimiste avec des prédictions conservatrices. Cette étude a mis en évidence l'intérêt d'un traitement thermique pour pasteuriser la surface des dattes tout en limitant le brunissement non-enzymatique ; de plus l'effet inhibiteur CO2 sur la croissance des deux moisissures est très efficace et un conditionnement enrichi en CO2 semble pertinent pour la conservation de ces dattes immatures
The Deglet-Nour date is traditionally harvested and consumed at full ripeness stage (Tamar) characterized by a reduced water activity (aw<0.76). This date is stable under ambient storage conditions. In contrast, unripe Deglet-Nour (Routab stage) has interesting organoleptic properties, but is prone to microbial contamination due to its intermediate water activity levels (aw = 0.80−0.85). On the one hand, this work focused on the reduction of the initial microbial load by post-harvest surface heat treatment operation and, on the other hand, extending the shelf life of the dates by the inhibition of fungal growth using three environmental factors: temperature, aw and CO2-enriched atmosphere (modified atmosphere packaging). The fungal strains initially present on the Deglet-Nour dates surface were isolated from three districts in Algeria (Biskra, Tolga and Doucen). These strains were identified at the molecular level as Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Candida apicola. The fungal load ranged from 2.4 to 5.8 10^2 CFU/g. A thermal inactivation model for these strains was developed. Decimal reduction times at 50°C (D_50) were 22,1 ± 2,1 min and 2.3 ± 0.4 min for A. niger and C. apicola, respectively. The z-values were 9.6 ± 0.1°C and 9.4 ± 2.6°C for A. niger and C. apicola, respectively. This kinetic model was validated in unsteady heat treatment conditions. In parallel, a 2D axial-symmetric model of heat transfer was designed and solved by the finite element method. It takes into account the various sub-domains of date (pulp, air layer and pit) and assesses the yeast inactivation rate and the impact on quality. These data allowed for streamlining pasteurization schedules on dates surface. The effect of temperature (10−40°C), aw (0.993−0.818) and CO2 concentrations (9.4-55.1%, V/V) on the growth rates of Asp. niger and Alt. alternata have been quantified and modeled using the two-phase linear model and the γ-concept. The boundary between growth/no-growth was predicted using a deterministic approach and the model performance evaluation was conducted on pasteurized date past. A significant effect of the environmental factors on the growth of both strains has been found. Asp. niger displayed a faster growth rate and higher tolerance to low aw than Alt. alternata, which in turn proved more resistant to CO2 concentration and low temperature (respectively for Asp. niger and Alt. alternata: µ_opt = 28.6 and 12.1 mm day^–1; aw_min= 0.786 and 0.808; CO2_max= 79.8 and 95.1% ; T_min = 4.4°C and 1.6°C). The γ-concept model overestimated growth rates on date past; however, it is optimistic and provides somewhat conservative predictions. This study highlights the benefit of heat treatment to pasteurize dates surface while minimizing the color date degradation. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CO2 on the growth of both molds is very efficient, and CO2-enriched atmosphere seems relevant for the preservation of unripe dates
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Brand, Simone Cristiane. "Isolamento e identificação de substâncias provenientes da laranjeira ´Valência` (Citrus sinensis) envolvidas no estímulo e/ou quebra da dormência de estruturas quiescentes de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da podridão floral dos citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-23032012-165119/.

Full text
Abstract:
A podridão floral dos citros (PFC), causada por Colletotrichum acutatum, induz a abscisão de frutos jovens, podendo causar perdas de até 100%. A presença de inóculo viável na forma de conídios e/ou apressórios quiescentes na planta justifica a ocorrência generalizada da doença. Em períodos de chuva a PFC é agravada, possivelmente, em função de substâncias lavadas das diferentes partes da planta, as quais contêm metabólitos que estimulam o desenvolvimento do fungo. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se verificar o efeito das águas de lavagem brutas (ALBs) de flores, botões, folhas velhas (FV) e folhas novas (FN) e mistura destas sobre conídios, apressórios e hifas quiescentes de C. acutatum (isolados 61A e 142) in vitro e in vivo e sobre a severidade da PFC, bem como identificar substâncias presentes nas ALBs, exibindo a atividade biológica de interesse. Além disso, buscou-se verificar variações na composição das ALBs. O efeito de compostos voláteis brutos (CVBs) e os identificados a partir de laranjeira Valência (linalol, limoneno, mirceno, nonanal e a mistura destes) sobre o desenvolvimento do patógeno também foi avaliado. Todas as frações das ALBs estimularam a germinação dos conídios do fungo, sendo que a ALB de flores apresentou o maior estímulo para ambos os isolados. Para apressórios quiescentes (isolado 61A), o maior estímulo foi verificado nos tratamentos com ALBs de botões e da mistura e para conídios no tratamento mistura. Os maiores valores para comprimento do tubo germinativo foram observados nos tratamentos mistura, FN e botões. Para as estruturas quiescentes, o efeito das ALBs foi mais significativo para o isolado 142. Não foi observado efeito das ALBs sobre o micélio quiescente. Houve estímulo da germinação de conídios e ramificação de hifas in vivo, principalmente, em resposta ao tratamento com ALB de botões. A aplicação da ALB da mistura em flores resultou em maior severidade da PFC. Por sua vez, os CVBs apresentaram efeito inibitório. A exposição do isolado 61A aos voláteis (CVs) linalol, nonanal e mistura, resultou em germinação apenas na menor dose. O mirceno manteve a germinação semelhante a testemunha em todas as doses testadas, assim como limoneno nas doses de 0,005 a 0,25 µL mL-1. Todos os voláteis reduziram o comprimento do tubo germinativo. Para o isolado 142, houve redução em todas as variáveis para todas as doses dos CVs. Houve variações na composição das ALBs nas diferentes coletas, o que explica em parte a variação na capacidade de estímulo em alguns testes. Na ALB de flores, identificou-se a presença de cafeína, dos flavonóides glicosilados hesperidina e naringina, além de compostos glicosilados e peptídeos. Nas partes vegetais de laranjeira Valência foram identificados 54 CVs. As ALBs apresentam efeito estimulatório sobre conídios e apressórios quiescentes de C. acutatum in vitro e in vivo, bem como sobre a severidade da PFC. Os CVs linalol, limoneno, mirceno, nonanal e a mistura destes são, de forma geral, inibitórios ao desenvolvimento de C. acutatum.
The postbloom fruit drop of citrus (PFDC), caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, induces abscission of young fruits, and it may cause losses up to 100%. The presence of viable inoculum in the form of conidia and/or quiescent appressoria on the plant justifies the widespread occurrence of the disease. Under rain, the PFDC is increased, possibly due to substances washed from different parts of the plant, which contain metabolites that stimulate the development of the fungus. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of watery washing (WWs) of flowers, flower buds, old leaves (OL) and young leaves (YL) and the mixture of them on quiescent conidia and hyphae of C. acutatum (isolates 61A and 142) in vitro and in vivo and on the severity of the PFDC, and to identify substances in the WWs, exhibiting the biological activity of interest. In addition, variations in the composition of WWs were determinated. The effect of crude volatile compounds (CVCs) and those identified from Valencia sweet orange (linalool, limonene, myrcene, nonanal and the mixture of them) on the development of the pathogen was also evaluated. All fractions of WWs stimulated spore germination, and the flower WW exhibited the highest effect for both isolates. For quiescent appressoria (isolate 61A), the highest stimulus was observed in treatments with WWs from flower buds and the mixture and for quiescent conidia in the treatment mixture. The highest values for germ tube length were observed on the treatments mixture, YL and flower buds. For the quiescent structures, the effect of WWs was more significant for isolate 142. There was no effect of WWs on the quiescent mycelium. There was stimulation of conidia germination and hyphal branching in vivo in response mainly to treatment with WW from flower buds. The application of the mixture of WW in flowers resulted in higher severity of the PFDC. On the other hand, the CVCs showed inhibitory effect. Exposure of the isolate 61A to the volatiles (VCs) linalool, nonanal and the mixture of them, resulted in germination only at the lowest concentration. The germination on myrcene was similar to control at all doses tested as well as on limonene at doses from 0.005 to 0.25 mL mL-1. All volatiles reduced the length of the germ tube. In the case of isolate 142, a reduction in all variables for all concentration of VCs was observed. There were changes in the composition of WWs based upon times of harvesting, which partly explains the variations observed in the ability to stimulate the structures in some experiments. In flower WWs, we identified the presence of caffeine, the flavonol glycosides hesperidin and naringin, glycosylated compounds and peptides. In the plant parts of sweet orange \'Valencia\' were identified 54 VCs. The WWs have stimulatory effect on quiescent conidia and appressoria of C. acutatum in vitro and in vivo as well as in the severity of the PFDC. The VCs linalool, limonene, myrcene, nonanal and the mixture of them are, in general, inhibitory to the development of C. acutatum.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Dupraz, Louise. "Régulation des lymphocytes T innés par le microbiote intestinal Enterobacteriaceae are essential for the modulation of colitis severity by fungi Impaired Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production by the Gut Microbiota Is a Key Factor in Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS598.

Full text
Abstract:
Dès la naissance, un très grand nombre de micro-organismes commensaux tels que bactéries, levures et virus colonise le tractus gastro-intestinal humain. Ce microbiote intestinal est essentiel pour développer les défenses immunitaires de l'hôte contre les infections, permettre une réparation tissulaire et un métabolisme nutritionnel adéquat. Les lymphocytes T gamma-delta, ou lymphocytes T innés sont des cellules T résidentes dans les tissus, impliquées dans l’inflammation intestinale telle que les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI). Placée à l’interface entre l’immunité innée et adaptative, cette population présente des capacités d’activation et des propriétés fonctionnelles qui lui confère des fonctions à la fois bénéfiques et délétères. Décoder leur régulation est cruciale pour prévenir les réponses immunes inappropriées sans compromettre les mécanismes protecteurs intrinsèques. Au cours de ma thèse, nous avons mis en évidence que les acides gras à chaine courte (AGCC), métabolites produits par le microbiote intestinal, sont capables d’inhiber la production d’IL-17 et d’IL-22 par les lymphocytes T innés in vitro et in vivo en diminuant l’activité des histones déacétylases (HDACs) (Dupraz et al. soumis). Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de la physiologie intestinale ainsi que des mécanismes environnementaux impliqués dans les MICI, ce qui ouvre potentiellement des perspectives thérapeutiques
From birth, a very large number of commensal microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and viruses colonize the human gastrointestinal tract. This gut microbiota is essential to develop the immune defences of the host against the infections, to allow a tissue repair and an adequate nutritional metabolism. Gamma-delta T lymphocytes, or innate T lymphocytes, are resident T cells in tissues, implicated in intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Placed between innate and adaptive immunity, this population has activation capacities and functional properties, that give it functions both beneficial and deleterious. Decoding their regulation is crucial to prevent inappropriate immune responses without compromising intrinsic protective mechanisms. During my PhD, we have highlighted that short chain fatty acids (SCFA), metabolites producted by the gut microbiota, inhibit IL-17 and IL-22 productions by innate T cells, in vitro and in vivo by decreasing histone deacetylases (HDACs) (Dupraz et al. submit). These data contribute to a better understanding of the intestinal physiology as well as the environmental mechanisms involved in IBD and thus will open potentially new therapeutic perspectives
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Misery, Boris. "Etude des écosystèmes microbiens cidricoles : quel impact sur la qualité organoleptique ? Diversity and dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in cider for distillation Impact of maturation and contribution of microbial ecosystem on aromatic compounds of cider for distillation and calvados Comparison of microbial dynamics and distillates at laboratory and industrial scales Genetic and metabolic diversity of the degradation of glycerol by Lactobacillus species isolated from ciders Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus collinoides strains isolated from cider reveals different genetic determinants of glycerol degradation." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC209.

Full text
Abstract:
Le calvados est une eau-de-vie obtenue par distillation du cidre. Le cidre de distillation résulte d’une fermentation naturelle spontanée non maîtrisée, qui permet toutes les interactions possibles entre les différentes communautés microbiennes. En fin de fermentation alcoolique, le glycérol produit peut être dégradé et converti en 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) par Lactobacillus collinoides via l’enzyme glycérol déshydratase codée par l’opéron pdu. Lors de la distillation, la déshydratation du 3-HPA en acroléine entraîne des désordres organoleptiques connus sous le nom de piqûre acroléique en développant un goût d’amertume dans les calvados. Ces travaux de thèse ont eu pour premier objectif d’apporter une réelle nouveauté dans l’étude de la diversité de dix cidres de distillation normands lors de la fermentation par une approche de métagénomique et d’établir des liens entre la composition microbienne et la qualité aromatique. Cette approche a permis de mettre en évidence plus de 40 genres bactériens et fongiques et des différences significatives ont été constatées au sein de ces populations entre les cidres des différents producteurs au cours du processus de fermentation, suggérant que les pratiques d’élaboration mènent à une typicité du cidre et donc à celle du calvados. L’étude de la composition des communautés microbiennes en lien avec la composition aromatique des cidres de distillation et celle des micro- distillats a été effectuée. Trois groupes de dynamiques et compositions microbiennes, directement liées aux producteurs, émergent conduisant à des compositions aromatiques différentes. L’analyse comparative de huit génomes de souches de Lactobacillus collinoides isolées à partir de cidres de distillation portant sur les métabolismes associés à la fermentation et sur la capacité des souches à métaboliser le glycérol a été effectuée. Deux types d’opéron pdu se profilent et cette variabilité génétique observée entre les souches de L. collinoides suggère des capacités différentes de dégradation du glycérol. Un plan expérimental (D-optimal) faisant varier 6 facteurs (glucose, fructose, azote, éthanol, acide malique, pH) a été élaboré pour étudier le métabolisme du glycérol chez ces souches. Trois profils génétiques et métaboliques ont pu être mis en évidence. Les souches de L. collinoides possédant l’opéron de type I sont toujours capables de dégrader le glycérol, contrairement à celles porteuses de l’opéron de type II. Ces travaux ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes quant à la présence et la physiologie de L. collinoides lors de l’élaboration du cidre et son implication dans la piqûre acroléique
Calvados is a Normandy brandy made by the distillation of cider. Ciders destined for distillation resultfrom spontaneous fermentation without any human intervention, leading to various interactions between thedifferent microbial communities. At the end of alcoholic fermentation, glycerol produced can be degraded andconverted to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) by Lactobacillus collinoides via the glycerol dehydrataseenzyme encoded by the pdu operon. During distillation, dehydration of 3-HPA to acrolein leads to organolepticdisorders, developing a bitterness taste in calvados known as “piqûre acroléique”. The first objective of this thesiswas to unveil the diversity of ten ciders for distillation during fermentation using a high throughput sequencing(16S, ITS1) approach and to establish links between microbial composition and aromatic quality. This approachallowed us to identify more than 40 bacterial and fungal and significant differences were found among fungal andbacterial populations between producers during the fermentation process, suggesting that the practices lead to thetypicity of cider, and therefore to the typicity of calvados. The study of the microbial composition was correlatedwith the aromatic composition of ciders for distillation during the fermentation process and of the micro-distillates.Three groups of microbial dynamics and compositions, directly related to the producers, were observed leading todifferent aromatic compositions. A comparative analysis of eight genomes of Lactobacillus collinoides strainsisolated from the ciders according to the different metabolisms associated with fermentation as well as on theability of the strains to metabolize glycerol was performed. Two types of operon pdu were highlighted and thisgenetic variability between L. collinoides strains suggests different abilities for glycerol degradation. Anexperimental design (D-optimal) by varying 6 factors (glucose, fructose, nitrogen, ethanol, malic acid, pH) wasdeveloped to study the metabolism of glycerol in these strains. 3 genetic and metabolic profiles were identified. L.collinoides strains with operon type I are always able to degrade glycerol, contrarily to those harbouring the operonof type II. This work opens up interesting perspectives regarding the presence and physiology of L. collinoidesduring the development of cider and its involvement in the “piqûre acroléique”
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Lo, Pei-Ying, and 羅佩盈. "Studies of Serological Tests and Cutaneous Fungal Flora in Atopic Dogs." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70715494623417043082.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
97
Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease in dogs which is sensitized to environmental antigens and produces high level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. In human patients, increasing total serum IgE concentrations represents a major empiric risk factor for development of atopic disease and was used as a diagnostic indicator of atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, severity of atopic dermatitis was found to be alleviated with management of dermatophytosis in atopic patients. This thesis includes 2 studies, the first study reported total serum IgE concentrations atopic dogs and dogs free from atopic dermatitis, correlation between total serum IgE concentrations and modified canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI), and sensitivity and specificity of allergen-specific IgE in detecting offending allergens against intradermal skin tests. The second study was to investigate the prevalence of Malassezia spp. and dermatophytes in atopic dogs and concordance between results of direct microscopic examination and fungal culture in diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Results of the first study suggested that total serum IgE concentrations could be a screening test and determine severity of atopic dermatitis in dogs received regular parasitic prophylactics, however the use of allergen-specific IgE tests might under-detect offending allergens. Results of the second study showed that the prevalence of dermatophytosis was higher than Malassezia dermatitis in atopic dogs in Taipei area. Comparing to fungal culture microscopic examination exhibited a higher sensitivity in diagnosis of dermatophytosis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Cheng, MJ, and 陳美珠. "Survey of the fungal flora and eye disease in the onion raised area in Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51433420825336555402.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
高雄醫學院
職業安全衛生研究所
87
Mycotic keratitis is an important ophthalmologic problem, especially for agricultural workers in the tropics and subtropics. A close relationship has been demonstrated between fungi in the environment and that causing mycotic keratitis. Between March and April 1997, 5 patients (onion harvesters) with corneal ulceration of mycotic infection were treated at Department of Ophthalmology of Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital. The further investigation of risk factors of these injuries. We studied the fungal flora of air-borne, soil, onion leaf, and skin from December 1997 to April 1998 in Southern Taiwan, the onion raised area. A total of 277 samples of air-borne, 55 samples of soil, 100 samples of onion leaf and 100 samples of onion skin from different localities were examined for the distribution of fungi. Samples were inoculated in Sabourand dextrose agar with and without 40mg/l chloramphenicol or Malt Extract Agar. 17 major fungal genera were found in onion area, these genera were Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Cladosporium, Curvalaria, Fusarium, Monilia, Mycerium, Papularia, Penicillium, Pythrium, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Trichoderma, Yeast。Cladosporin were the most frequently isolated in the air-borne followed by Aspergillus. Aspergillus was the most commonly isolated fungi organism in the soil and onion skin, the next common fungi organism seen were Cladosporium and Fusarium. However, Alterania and Cladosporium were the most frequently isolated in the onion leaf, followed by Aspergillus, Myceria, and Fusarium. The geometric mean concentrations of onion area include air-borne 144~2,683 CFU/m3 ( control 50~758 CFU/ m3), soil 2,675~15,600 CFU/g, onion leaf 500~1,88 CFU/g, and onion skin 2,433~3,917 CFU/g. We found the most fungi's concentration is higher during harvest period than before, also found higher in non-Monsoon area than Monsoon area. In questionnaire, eye disease in the one kilometer down was significantly higher than two kilometer up. Onion harvesters, including part time onion harvesters, is the most commonly associated eyes disease. Due to the prevalence of eye diseases in the onion harvesters southern Taiwan, we consider that education them to notice eye protection, hygiene education, and improving medical care to reduce the occurrence of eye diseases and avoid ocular trauma are very important.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Vale, Ana Filipa Soares do. "Characterization of the fungal flora present in bat guano : survey for species of clinical interest as a contribution for a public health study." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/23439.

Full text
Abstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Genética Molecular
Neste trabalho foi realizada uma prospecção da flora fúngica presente em guano de morcego, em algumas cavernas de Portugal continental. O objectivo global do trabalho foi conhecer a diversidade de fungos existentes nas diferentes cavernas e detectar a presença de fungos potencialmente patogénicos para os seres humanos. Um total de dezassete caves foram estudadas e várias amostras de guano foram colhidas em cada uma delas. Estas amostras foram processadas e inoculadas em três meios de cultura distintos e a diferentes temperaturas. Os fungos isolados foram identificados de acordo com as características macro e micromorfológicas, nomeadamente o aspecto das colónias e a forma e estrutura das conídias. Nos casos em que a identificação não foi possível tendo em conta apenas as características fenotípicas foi efectuada a sequenciação da região ITS dos genes de DNA ribossomal 28S. Finalmente, todos os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, fazendo os cálculos dos seguintes índices: Shannon, que permite calcular a abundância de espécies de fungos em cada cave; Evenness, cujo valor demonstra a uniformidade da população e Sorenson, que permite uma comparação entre duas caves diferentes. Um total de 165 isolados fúngicos foram obtidos, dos quais 62 foram identificados ao nível da espécie, 88 ao nível do género e 15 ficaram por identificar. 137 espécies cresceram nas placas inoculadas a 25°C, 20 espécies cresceram a 15°C e 8 cresceram a 4°C. O filo que prevaleceu foi o Ascomicota, com um total de 91 espécies, seguindo-se o filo Basidiomicota, com 45 espécies isoladas e, finalmente. o filo Zigomicota, com apenas 14 espécies. Entre todas as caves, o género que dominou foi Trichosporon, com um total de 43 espécies isoladas e nas três temperaturas de incubação, seguindo-se o género Penicillium. Cova da Moura, foi a cave onde foi obtida uma maior média de fungos e valores mais altos para os índices de Shannon e Evenness. Em Portugal só existe publicado um estudo semelhante e apenas uma espécie, Mucor hiemalis, é comum em ambos os estudos, sendo todos os outros novos registos nas cavernas Portuguesas. Uma das espécies encontradas, Sporothrix shenkii, constitui o primeiro registo de um isolado ambiental deste fungo no nosso país. Alguns dos fungos detectados durante esta pesquisa são patogénicos oportunistas e, desta forma, os investigadores devem tomar precauções extra aquando do seu manuseamento e os espeleologistas ou mesmo turistas visitando caves, devem estar cientes dos riscos que poderão correr.
The purpose of this project was to perform a survey of a few caves in Portugal mainland in order to assess the fungal diversity present in bat guano and detect fungi that may be potential human pathogens. A total of seventeen caves were surveyed during this work, and several guano samples were collected from each. These samples were processed and inoculated in three different media at three different temperatures. All the fungi isolated were identified according to their morphological features, namely the colony morphology and shape of reproductive structures. When identification was not possible based only on phenotypic characteristics, sequencing of the ITS regions of 28S rDNA was performed. Finally all data were statistically treated, calculating the Shannon index, which discriminate the abundance of the species present among the caves; Evenness index, which demonstrate the uniformity of the species present and Sorenson index, that permit a comparison between two caves. A total of 165 isolates were obtained, from which 62 were identified to the specie level, 88 to the genus level and 15 remained unidentified. Regarding the temperatures of incubation, 137 isolates were able to grow on plates inoculated at 25ºC, 20 isolates grew on plates inoculated at 15ºC, and only 8 isolates grew at 4ºC. The phylum that prevailed was Ascomycota, with a total of 91 species, followed by the Basidiomycota, with 45 species and finally the Zygomycota with only 14 species present. The most preeminent genus among all caves was Trichosporon, with a total of 43 species isolated and in the three temperatures of incubation, followed by Penicillium. “Cova da Moura”, was the cave with higher fungal species average and higher values of Shannon and Evenness indexes. In Portugal there is only one known similar survey and only Mucor hiemalis was found in both studies, which makes all the other fungi found new records in Portuguese caves. One of the species found, Sporothrix shenkii, represents the first record of an environmental isolate of this fungus in our country. Some fungi isolated during this survey were opportunistic pathogens to humans, so the investigators should take extra precaution when handling them and speleologists or even people visiting caves should be aware of the risks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Silvério, André Ferreira Alves 1981. "Qualidade de amendoins consumidos em Portugal : flora fúngica e pesquisa de micotoxinas." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/1009.

Full text
Abstract:
Tese de mestrado, Microbiologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2009
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that may contaminate food and feed. Chronic ou acute exposure to mycotoxins may induce illness in humans and animals, mainly by its hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The mycological and mycotoxicological contamination were analysed in roasted peanuts, available in the portuguese market. Twelve samples, mostly pre-packed, were analysed. Mycological content, determined by dilution followed by plating in Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar medium, revealed 11 samples contaminated by molds, with average mycological content of 3.7 x 103 CFU/g. Most frequently isolated molds were Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. Fungi generally associated with mycotoxin production were also isolated, as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Samples were purified with immunoaffinity columns, and mycotoxin determination, by high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection, carried on aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A. Detection frequency for aflatoxin was 50%, with content varying between 0.199 and 1.506 µg/Kg, below the European Union maximum authorized limit. Only one sample has shown detectable ochratoxin A concentration, 1.072 µg/Kg
As micotoxinas são metabolitos secundários de fungos filamentosos, que actuam comocontaminantes em alimentos e rações. A exposição, crónica ou aguda, às micotoxinas podeprovocar doença no homem e em animais, nomeadamente por efeitos hepatotóxicos,nefrotóxicos e carcinogénicosA contaminação micológica e a contaminação por micotoxinas foram estudadas emamendoins torrados disponíveis no mercado português. Foram analisadas 12 amostras deamendoim, maioritariamente pré-embalado.O teor micológico, determinado por diluição das amostras seguida de plaqueamentoem meio Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar, revelou que 11 das amostras estavamcontaminadas por fungos filamentosos, sendo o teor médio de 3,7 x 103 UFC/g.Os fungos isolados mais frequentemente foram Penicillium chrysogenum,Cladosporium spp. e Alternaria spp. Foram igualmente isolados fungos associados àprodução de micotoxinas como Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus niger.As amostras foram sujeitas a purificação por coluna de imunoafinidade e adeterminação de micotoxinas, efectuada por cromatografia líquida de alta resolução comdetecção por ultra-violeta, debruçou-se sobre a aflatoxina B1 e a ocratoxina A.A frequência de detecção de aflatoxina foi de 50%, tendo o teor oscilado entre 0,199 e1,506 µg/Kg, abaixo do valor máximo admitido na União Europeia. Apenas uma amostrarevelou concentrações quantificáveis de ocratoxina A, 1,072 µg/Kg
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Dantas, Miguel Ângelo Mendonça Marques Ornelas. "Música nos jardins, percurso histórico-botânico na Cidade do Funchal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/3588.

Full text
Abstract:
Apresenta-se com este projeto uma proposta de um ciclo de música pelos jardins de cinco quintas públicas na cidade do Funchal, intitulado “Música nos jardins, percurso histórico-botânico na cidade do Funchal”, juntando visitas guiadas ao património histórico-cultural e botânico complementadas com um momento musical. Esta proposta tem-se como objetivo integrar os espaços verdes das quintas, valorizando-os através da música, do património histórico-cultural e florístico. A metodologia foi dividida em três fases, a recolha e revisão bibliográfica, as saídas de campo e a elaboração da proposta do ciclo de música, que consistiu na caraterização botânica e histórica de cada espaço, na realização de um modelo de elaboração de projeto, na criação de um logótipo, de um folheto e de um roteiro da proposta do ciclo de música. Conclui-se que as quintas públicas da cidade do Funchal apresentam, a par de uma grande riqueza florística e histórica, as condições ideais para integrarem um projeto inovador, capaz de potenciar a qualidade da oferta produto turística da cidade do Funchal, privilegiando a música, a diversidade vegetal e o património histórico-cultural.
This project presents a proposal for a music cycle through the gardens of five public quintas in the city of Funchal, entitled “Music in the gardens, historic-botanical route in the city of Funchal”. The present work brings together guided tours in the gardens with historical-cultural heritage, botanic aspects and it`s complemented by a short musical performance. With this proposal, the main goal was to integrate green spaces from the quintas, valuing them through music, historical-cultural heritage and flora. The methodology applied was divided into three stages: bibliographic review, fieldwork and the elaboration of the music cycle proposal, which consists for each space in the botanical-historical characterization, elaboration of a project model, creation of a logo, leaflet and itinerary of the music cycle. It is therefore concluded that the public quintas in the city of Funchal have a great floristic and historical richness ideal to receive this innovative project. In this way, and by privileging the music, vegetation and the historical-cultural heritage, the touristic product of Funchal city, would be increasingly improved promoting an outstanding offer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography