Journal articles: 'Fungal-bacterial interactions'

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Peleg, Anton Y., Deborah A. Hogan, and Eleftherios Mylonakis. "Medically important bacterial–fungal interactions." Nature Reviews Microbiology 8, no. 5 (March 29, 2010): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2313.

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Nogueira, Filomena, Shirin Sharghi, Karl Kuchler, and Thomas Lion. "Pathogenetic Impact of Bacterial–Fungal Interactions." Microorganisms 7, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100459.

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Polymicrobial infections are of paramount importance because of the potential severity of clinical manifestations, often associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial treatment. The intricate interplay with the host and the immune system, and the impact on microbiome imbalance, are of importance in this context. The equilibrium of microbiota in the human host is critical for preventing potential dysbiosis and the ensuing development of disease. Bacteria and fungi can communicate via signaling molecules, and produce metabolites and toxins capable of modulating the immune response or altering the efficacy of treatment. Most of the bacterial–fungal interactions described to date focus on the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans and different bacteria. In this review, we discuss more than twenty different bacterial–fungal interactions involving several clinically important human pathogens. The interactions, which can be synergistic or antagonistic, both in vitro and in vivo, are addressed with a focus on the quorum-sensing molecules produced, the response of the immune system, and the impact on clinical outcome.

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Khalid, Saima, and Nancy P. Keller. "Chemical signals driving bacterial–fungal interactions." Environmental Microbiology 23, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 1334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15410.

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Scherlach, Kirstin, and Christian Hertweck. "Chemical Mediators at the Bacterial-Fungal Interface." Annual Review of Microbiology 74, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 267–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-012420-081224.

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Interactions among microbes are key drivers of evolutionary progress and constantly shape ecological niches. Microorganisms rely on chemical communication to interact with each other and surrounding organisms. They synthesize natural products as signaling molecules, antibiotics, or modulators of cellular processes that may be applied in agriculture and medicine. Whereas major insight has been gained into the principles of intraspecies interaction, much less is known about the molecular basis of interspecies interplay. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the understanding of chemically mediated bacterial-fungal interrelations. We discuss pairwise interactions among defined species and systems involving additional organisms as well as complex interactions among microbial communities encountered in the soil or defined as microbiota of higher organisms. Finally, we give examples of how the growing understanding of microbial interactions has contributed to drug discovery and hypothesize what may be future directions in studying and engineering microbiota for agricultural or medicinal purposes.

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Krüger, Wibke, Sarah Vielreicher, Mario Kapitan, Ilse Jacobsen, and Maria Niemiec. "Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in Health and Disease." Pathogens 8, no. 2 (May 21, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8020070.

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Fungi and bacteria encounter each other in various niches of the human body. There, they interact directly with one another or indirectly via the host response. In both cases, interactions can affect host health and disease. In the present review, we summarized current knowledge on fungal-bacterial interactions during their commensal and pathogenic lifestyle. We focus on distinct mucosal niches: the oral cavity, lung, gut, and vagina. In addition, we describe interactions during bloodstream and wound infections and the possible consequences for the human host.

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Deveau, Aurélie, Gregory Bonito, Jessie Uehling, Mathieu Paoletti, Matthias Becker, Saskia Bindschedler, Stéphane Hacquard, et al. "Bacterial–fungal interactions: ecology, mechanisms and challenges." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 42, no. 3 (February 19, 2018): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuy008.

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Kobayashi, Donald Y., and Jo Anne Crouch. "Bacterial/Fungal Interactions: From Pathogens to Mutualistic Endosymbionts." Annual Review of Phytopathology 47, no. 1 (September 2009): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081729.

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Abdulkareem, Asan F., Hiu Ham Lee, Mohammed Ahmadi, and Luis R. Martinez. "Fungal serotype-specific differences in bacterial-yeast interactions." Virulence 6, no. 6 (July 2015): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2015.1066962.

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Arvanitis, Marios, and Eleftherios Mylonakis. "Fungal-bacterial interactions and their relevance in health." Cellular Microbiology 17, no. 10 (August 20, 2015): 1442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12493.

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Sengeløv, G. "Influence of fungal-bacterial interactions on bacterial conjugation in the residuesphere." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 31, no. 1 (January 2000): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6496(99)00079-3.

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SengelÃ¸v, Gitte, George A. Kowalchuk, and SÃ¸ren J. SÃ¸rensen. "Influence of fungal-bacterial interactions on bacterial conjugation in the residuesphere." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 31, no. 1 (January 2000): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00669.x.

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Pierce, Emily C., Manon Morin, Jessica C. Little, Roland B. Liu, Joanna Tannous, Nancy P. Keller, Kit Pogliano, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Laura M. Sanchez, and Rachel J. Dutton. "Bacterial–fungal interactions revealed by genome-wide analysis of bacterial mutant fitness." Nature Microbiology 6, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-00800-z.

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Wargo, Matthew J., and Deborah A. Hogan. "Fungal—bacterial interactions: a mixed bag of mingling microbes." Current Opinion in Microbiology 9, no. 4 (August 2006): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.06.001.

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Stanley, Claire E., Martina Stöckli, Dirk van Swaay, Jerica Sabotič, Pauli T. Kallio, Markus Künzler, Andrew J. deMello, and Markus Aebi. "Probing bacterial–fungal interactions at the single cell level." Integr. Biol. 6, no. 10 (August 11, 2014): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ib00154k.

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Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer. "Pathogenesis of Fungal and Bacterial Microbes." Pathogens 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080602.

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The pathogenesis of fungal and bacterial microbes is a complex process involving distinct parameters, including virulence factors, nutrient sensing and availability, microbial signals, as well as host status and defense responses. Defining pathogenesis improves our understanding of how an organism causes diseases and provides insight into novel prospects to combat infection. The effects of pathogenic microbes have significant impact on diverse sectors, including health, agriculture, and economics, underscoring their immense importance in society. Articles in this Special Issue address unique aspects of microbial pathogenesis by exploring interactions between host and pathogen during infection, defining inflammatory immune responses, profiling the importance of essential microbial structures associated with virulence, and outlining critical considerations driving complex diseases.

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Nieminen, Jouni K. "Modelling the interactions of soil microbes and nematodes." Nematology 11, no. 4 (2009): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855409x12465364602422.

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Abstract Six different soil food webs, assembled from a bacterium, a bacterial-feeding nematode, a fungus and a fungal-feeding nematode, were established in replicated laboratory microcosms. Glucose was supplied as the sole carbon source for the microbes. Biomasses of the organisms and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured ten times during 20 weeks. A discrete dynamic model based on the material flow between system components was fitted to the experimental data. Bacterial-based food chains were largely inactive in the absence of fungi, but mutual facilitation was observed in the systems with both fungus and bacterium. The population dynamics of a fungal-feeding nematode was adequately described by the models, but the model failed to describe DOC dynamics. The quality of fungal biomass appeared to be a key parameter in the system. Model performance was improved by letting fungal parameters vary with time and food web structure. Because fungal dynamics could not be explained by a trophic-dynamic model with rigid parameters, it is suggested that non-trophic effects of fungal-feeding nematodes on fungi may be more important in microcosms.

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Harrison, Xavier A., Allan D. McDevitt, Jenny C. Dunn, Sarah M. Griffiths, Chiara Benvenuto, Richard Birtles, Jean P. Boubli, et al. "Fungal microbiomes are determined by host phylogeny and exhibit widespread associations with the bacterial microbiome." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1957 (August 18, 2021): 20210552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0552.

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Interactions between hosts and their resident microbial communities are a fundamental component of fitness for both agents. Though recent research has highlighted the importance of interactions between animals and their bacterial communities, comparative evidence for fungi is lacking, especially in natural populations. Using data from 49 species, we present novel evidence of strong covariation between fungal and bacterial communities across the host phylogeny, indicative of recruitment by hosts for specific suites of microbes. Using co-occurrence networks, we demonstrate marked variation across host taxonomy in patterns of covariation between bacterial and fungal abundances. Host phylogeny drives differences in the overall richness of bacterial and fungal communities, but the effect of diet on richness was only evident in the mammalian gut microbiome. Sample type, tissue storage and DNA extraction method also affected bacterial and fungal community composition, and future studies would benefit from standardized approaches to sample processing. Collectively these data indicate fungal microbiomes may play a key role in host fitness and suggest an urgent need to study multiple agents of the animal microbiome to accurately determine the strength and ecological significance of host–microbe interactions.

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Van Dyck, Katrien, Rita M. Pinto, Durgasruthi Pully, and Patrick Van Dijck. "Microbial Interkingdom Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020412.

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Fungal and bacterial species interact with each other within polymicrobial biofilm communities in various niches of the human body. Interactions between these species can greatly affect human health and disease. Diseases caused by polymicrobial biofilms pose a major challenge in clinical settings because of their enhanced virulence and increased drug tolerance. Therefore, different approaches are being explored to treat fungal–bacterial biofilm infections. This review focuses on the main mechanisms involved in polymicrobial drug tolerance and the implications of the polymicrobial nature for the therapeutic treatment by highlighting clinically relevant fungal–bacterial interactions. Furthermore, innovative treatment strategies which specifically target polymicrobial biofilms are discussed.

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Fidel, Paul L., and Mairi C. Noverr. "Special Issue: Fungal–Bacterial Interactions—Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5040089.

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Sharma, Shubhangi, Stéphane Compant, Philipp Franken, Silke Ruppel, and Max-Bernhard Ballhausen. "It Takes Two to Tango: A Bacterial Biofilm Provides Protection against a Fungus-Feeding Bacterial Predator." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081566.

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Fungus-bacterium interactions are widespread, encompass multiple interaction types from mutualism to parasitism, and have been frequent targets for microbial inoculant development. In this study, using in vitro systems combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR, we test whether the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans can provide protection to the plant-beneficial fungus Serendipita indica, which inhabits the rhizosphere and colonizes plants as an endophyte, from the fungus-feeding bacterium Collimonas fungivorans. We show that K. radicincitans can protect fungal hyphae from bacterial feeding on solid agar medium, with probable mechanisms being quick hyphal colonization and biofilm formation. We furthermore find evidence for different feeding modes of K. radicincitans and C. fungivorans, namely “metabolite” and “hyphal feeding”, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a bacterial, biofilm-based protection of fungal hyphae against attack by a fungus-feeding, bacterial predator on solid agar medium. Besides highlighting the importance of tripartite microbial interactions, we discuss implications of our results for the development and application of microbial consortium-based bioprotectants and biostimulants.

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Liu, Xiayan, Yu Shi, Lingyu Kong, Lihong Tong, Haoxuan Cao, Hu Zhou, and Yizhong Lv. "Long-Term Application of Bio-Compost Increased Soil Microbial Community Diversity and Altered Its Composition and Network." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020462.

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The influence of bio-compost on the diversity, composition and structure of soil microbial communities is less understood. Here, Illumina MiSeq sequencing and a network analysis were used to comprehensively characterize the effects of 25 years of bio-compost application on the microbial diversity of soil and community composition. High dosages of bio-compost significantly increased the bacterial and fungal richness. The compositions of bacterial and fungal communities were significantly altered by bio-compost addition. Bio-compost addition enriched the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms (such as Sphingomonas, Acidibacter, Nocardioides, etc.) and reduced the relative abundance of harmful microorganisms (such as Stachybotrys and Aspergillus). Electrical conductivity, soil organic matter and total phosphorus were the key factors in shaping soil microbial community composition. The bacterial network was more complex than fungal network, and bacteria were more sensitive to changes in environmental factors than fungi. Positive interactions dominated both the bacterial and fungal networks, with stronger positive interactions found in the bacterial network. Functional prediction suggested that bio-composts altered the soil bacterial-community metabolic function with respect to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and fungal community trophic modes. In conclusion, suitable bio-compost addition is beneficial to the improvement of soil health and crop quality and therefore the sustainability of agriculture.

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Urban, Martin, Alayne Cuzick, James Seager, Valerie Wood, Kim Rutherford, Shilpa Yagwakote Venkatesh, Jashobanta Sahu, et al. "PHI-base in 2022: a multi-species phenotype database for Pathogen–Host Interactions." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. D1 (November 12, 2021): D837—D847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1037.

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Abstract Since 2005, the Pathogen–Host Interactions Database (PHI-base) has manually curated experimentally verified pathogenicity, virulence and effector genes from fungal, bacterial and protist pathogens, which infect animal, plant, fish, insect and/or fungal hosts. PHI-base (www.phi-base.org) is devoted to the identification and presentation of phenotype information on pathogenicity and effector genes and their host interactions. Specific gene alterations that did not alter the in host interaction phenotype are also presented. PHI-base is invaluable for comparative analyses and for the discovery of candidate targets in medically and agronomically important species for intervention. Version 4.12 (September 2021) contains 4387 references, and provides information on 8411 genes from 279 pathogens, tested on 228 hosts in 18, 190 interactions. This provides a 24% increase in gene content since Version 4.8 (September 2019). Bacterial and fungal pathogens represent the majority of the interaction data, with a 54:46 split of entries, whilst protists, protozoa, nematodes and insects represent 3.6% of entries. Host species consist of approximately 54% plants and 46% others of medical, veterinary and/or environmental importance. PHI-base data is disseminated to UniProtKB, FungiDB and Ensembl Genomes. PHI-base will migrate to a new gene-centric version (version 5.0) in early 2022. This major development is briefly described.

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Fernando, Dinesh, Anders Thygesen, Anne S. Meyer, and Geoffrey Daniel. "Elucidating field retting mechanisms of hemp fibres for biocomposites: Effects of microbial actions and interactions on the cellular micro-morphology and ultrastructure of hemp stems and bast fibres." BioResources 14, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 4047–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.4047-4084.

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Field retting is an industrial process for extracting valuable bast fibres from hemp. In this study, molecular, chemical, and scanning electron microscopy studies were employed to understand the field retting mechanisms involving microbiota, including microbial community dynamics, hemp colonization, functions/interactions, and hemp biodegradation. This study for the first time revealed the coexistence of bacterial-fungal interactions during retting and showed progressive microbial breakdown of the stems. Using scanning electron microscopy, evidence for microbial activities/interactions within the stems was obtained, which helped to understand hemp retting mechanisms. The collective findings showed that: a) initially, easily accessible food within the hemp stems attracted and supported microbial invasion and decay, with activities influenced by the stem anatomy, chemistry, and morphology; b) filamentous fungi as key players in the early stages remarkably contributed to efficient fibre defibration; c) extended retting enhanced the bacterial activities, including bacterial-fungal interactions and their dominant role within the community; d) bacterial attraction and activities were promoted by bacterial mycophagy with a set of different phenotypic behaviours for nutrients and fungal highways for transport within the stems; and e) bast fibre degradation leading to inferior quality during prolonged retting was caused by ultrastructural modifications to all of the major fibre cell wall layers.

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Briard, Benoit, Gaëtan L. A. Mislin, Jean-Paul Latgé, and Anne Beauvais. "Interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and Pulmonary Bacteria: Current State of the Field, New Data, and Future Perspective." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5020048.

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Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are central fungal and bacterial members of the pulmonary microbiota. The interactions between A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa have only just begun to be explored. A balance between inhibitory and stimulatory effects on fungal growth was observed in mixed A. fumigatus–P. aeruginosa cultures. Negative interactions have been seen for homoserine-lactones, pyoverdine and pyochelin resulting from iron starvation and intracellular inhibitory reactive oxidant production. In contrast, several types of positive interactions were recognized. Dirhamnolipids resulted in the production of a thick fungal cell wall, allowing the fungus to resist stress. Phenazines and pyochelin favor iron uptake for the fungus. A. fumigatus is able to use bacterial volatiles to promote its growth. The immune response is also differentially regulated by co-infections.

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Romano, Julia D., and Roberto Kolter. "Pseudomonas-Saccharomyces Interactions: Influence of Fungal Metabolism on Bacterial Physiology and Survival." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.3.940-948.2005.

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ABSTRACT Fungal-bacterial interactions are ubiquitous, yet their molecular basis is only poorly understood. In this study, a novel beneficial interaction between a strain of Pseudomonas putida and the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified. When the bacteria were incubated alone in grape juice or in synthetic medium containing various concentrations of glucose, they lost viability rapidly during stationary phase. However, when the bacteria were incubated in these media in the presence of the fungus, their stationary phase survival improved dramatically. On agar plates containing glucose, the beneficial effects of the fungus were manifested in robust bacterial growth and exopolysaccharide production that led to visible mucoidy. In contrast, bacteria grew poorly and were nonmucoid in such media in the absence of the fungus. By using the available S. cerevisiae deletion library, yeast mutants that were unable to mediate this beneficial interaction were identified. These mutants revealed that the beneficial effect on bacterial physiology and survival was mediated by the ability of the fungus to metabolize the available glucose and consequent effects on the medium's pH. In natural environments where the concentration of glucose is high, it is likely that the presence of fungi has had profound beneficial effects on the physiology and survival of certain P. putida strains throughout their natural history.

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Chen, Minghua, Shiyao He, Jinqian Li, Wanjin Hu, Yantian Ma, Lan Wu, and Ge Gang. "Co-occurrence patterns between bacterial and fungal communities in response to a vegetation gradient in a freshwater wetland." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 2019): 722–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2019-0147.

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Vegetation dynamics are known to influence belowground microbial community diversity and ecosystem processes in wetlands. However, the knowledge on microbe–microbe interactions in response to vegetation changes is scarce. In this study, we investigated how bacterial and fungal community composition, as well as bacterial–fungal community interactions, altered along a vegetation gradient in the Poyang Lake wetland. Surface soil and sediment samples were collected from three vegetation zones: dense, sparse, and naked. Vegetation zones differed in terms of dominant plant species, plant diversity, and vegetation coverage. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and network analysis of bacteria 16S rRNA and fungal ITS genes, we found that both bacterial and fungal community profiles varied according to vegetation conditions; in particular, the dense vegetation zone facilitated higher microbial abundance and a greater fungi to bacteria ratio. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that fungi–bacteria interactions were strong on vegetated zones, especially in the dense vegetation zone. However, a weak fungi–bacteria association was observed in the naked zone. Our results indicated that aboveground vegetation may act as a hotspot for organic matter accumulation, microbial growth, and microbe–microbe interactions, whereas fungi and bacteria prefer to distribute into niches based on their own nutritional preferences and functional specificity in bare ground.

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Lopez-Medina, Eduardo, and Andrew Y. Koh. "The complexities of bacterial-fungal interactions in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract." Microbial Cell 3, no. 5 (May 2, 2016): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15698/mic2016.05.497.

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de Boer, Wietse. "Upscaling of fungal–bacterial interactions: from the lab to the field." Current Opinion in Microbiology 37 (June 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.007.

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Rogers, G., F. Stressmann, M. Carroll, and K. Bruce. "Analysis of fungal-bacterial community interactions in cystic fibrosis airway secretions." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 7 (June 2008): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60189-7.

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van Overbeek, Leonard S., and Kari Saikkonen. "Impact of Bacterial–Fungal Interactions on the Colonization of the Endosphere." Trends in Plant Science 21, no. 3 (March 2016): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.003.

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Frey-Klett, P., P. Burlinson, A. Deveau, M. Barret, M. Tarkka, and A. Sarniguet. "Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 75, no. 4 (November 29, 2011): 583–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00020-11.

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Mandolini, Edoardo, Maraike Probst, and Ursula Peintner. "Methods for Studying Bacterial–Fungal Interactions in the Microenvironments of Soil." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 9182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199182.

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Due to their small size, microorganisms directly experience only a tiny portion of the environmental heterogeneity manifested in the soil. The microscale variations in soil properties constrain the distribution of fungi and bacteria, and the extent to which they can interact with each other, thereby directly influencing their behavior and ecological roles. Thus, to obtain a realistic understanding of bacterial–fungal interactions, the spatiotemporal complexity of their microenvironments must be accounted for. The objective of this review is to further raise awareness of this important aspect and to discuss an overview of possible methodologies, some of easier applicability than others, that can be implemented in the experimental design in this field of research. The experimental design can be rationalized in three different scales, namely reconstructing the physicochemical complexity of the soil matrix, identifying and locating fungi and bacteria to depict their physical interactions, and, lastly, analyzing their molecular environment to describe their activity. In the long term, only relevant experimental data at the cell-to-cell level can provide the base for any solid theory or model that may serve for accurate functional prediction at the ecosystem level. The way to this level of application is still long, but we should all start small.

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Cheeseman, Samuel, Aaron Elbourne, Sheeana Gangadoo, Z. L. Shaw, Saffron J. Bryant, Nitu Syed, Michael D. Dickey, et al. "Interactions between Liquid Metal Droplets and Bacterial, Fungal, and Mammalian Cells." Advanced Materials Interfaces 9, no. 7 (January 31, 2022): 2102113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202102113.

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Kim, Younghoon, and Eleftherios Mylonakis. "Killing of Candida albicans Filaments by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Is Mediated by sopB Effectors, Parts of a Type III Secretion System." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 6 (April 15, 2011): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00014-11.

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ABSTRACTAlthough bacterial-fungal interactions shape microbial virulence during polymicrobial infections, only a limited number of studies have evaluated this interaction on a genetic level. We report here that one interaction is mediated bysopB, an effector of a type III secretion system (TTSS) ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. In these studies, we screened 10 TTSS effector-related mutants and determined their role in the killing ofC. albicansfilamentsin vitroduring coinfection in planktonic environments. We found that deleting thesopBgene (which encodes inositol phosphatase) was associated with a significant decrease inC. albicanskilling at 25°C after 5 days, similar to that caused by the deletion ofsipB(which encodes TTSS translocation machinery components). ThesopBdeletion dramatically influenced the killing ofC. albicansfilaments. It was associated with repressed filamentation in theCaenorhabditis elegansmodel ofC. albicans-S.Typhimurium coinfection, as well as with biofilm formation byC. albicans. We confirmed that SopB translocated to fungal filaments through SipB during coinfection. Using quantitative real-time PCR assays, we found that theCandidasupernatant upregulated theS.Typhimurium genes associated withC. albicanskilling (sopBandsipB). Interestingly, the sopBeffector negatively regulated the transcription ofCDC42, which is involved in fungal viability. Taken together, these results indicate that specific TTSS effectors, including SopB, play a critical role in bacterial-fungal interactions and are important toS.Typhimurium in order to selectively compete with fungal pathogens. These findings highlight a new role for TTSS ofS.Typhimurium in the intestinal tract and may further explain the evolution and maintenance of these traits.

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Todd, Olivia A., and Brian M. Peters. "Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity and Polymicrobial Interactions: Lessons beyond Koch’s Postulates." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (September 4, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030081.

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While Koch’s Postulates have established rules for microbial pathogenesis that have been extremely beneficial for monomicrobial infections, new studies regarding polymicrobial pathogenesis defy these standards. The explosion of phylogenetic sequence data has revolutionized concepts of microbial interactions on and within the host. However, there remains a paucity of functional follow-up studies to delineate mechanisms driven by such interactions and how they shape health or disease. That said, one particular microbial pairing, the fungal opportunist Candida albicans and the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, has received much attention over the last decade. Therefore, the objective of this review is to discuss the multi-faceted mechanisms employed by these two ubiquitous human pathogens during polymicrobial growth, including how they: establish and persist in inter-Kingdom biofilms, tolerate antimicrobial therapy, co-invade host tissue, exacerbate quorum sensing and staphylococcal toxin production, and elicit infectious synergism. Commentary regarding new challenges and remaining questions related to future discovery of this fascinating fungal–bacterial interaction is also provided.

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Zhang, Weiwei, Jigang Han, Haibing Wu, Qicheng Zhong, Wen Liu, Shanwen He, and Lang Zhang. "Diversity patterns and drivers of soil microbial communities in urban and suburban park soils of Shanghai, China." PeerJ 9 (April 15, 2021): e11231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11231.

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Background The rapid expansion of urbanization leads to significant losses of soil ecological functions. Microbes directly participate in key soil processes and play crucial roles in maintaining soil functions. However, we still have a limited understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping microbial communities and the interactions among microbial taxa in park soils. Methods In this study, the community variations of bacteria and fungi in urban and suburban park soils were investigated in Shanghai, China. Real-time PCR and high-throughput Illumina sequencing were used to examine the microbial abundance and community composition, respectively. Results The results showed that soil molecular biomass and fungal abundance in urban park soils were significantly higher than those in suburban park soils, while no significant difference was observed in the bacterial abundance between urban and suburban park soils. The alpha diversity of soil microbes in urban and suburban park soils was similar to each other, except for Chao1 index of fungal communities. The results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) revealed remarkable differences in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities between urban and suburban park soils. Specifically, park soils in urban areas were enriched with the phyla Methylomirabilota and Verrucomicrobiota, while the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota was higher in suburban park soils. Moreover, the fungal class Eurotiomycetes was also enriched in urban park soils. Compared with suburban park soils, nodes and average paths of the bacterial and fungal networks were higher in urban park soils, but the number of module hubs and connectors of the bacterial networks and negative interactions among bacterial taxa were lower. Compared with suburban park soils, Acidobacteriota bacterium and Mortierellomycota fungus played more important roles in the ecological networks of urban park soils. Soil available zinc (Zn), available nitrogen (N), pH, and total potassium (K) significantly affected fungal community composition in park soils in Shanghai. Soil available Zn was also the most important factor affecting the bacterial community composition in this study. Conclusion There were significant differences in the soil molecular biomass, fungal abundance, and the community composition and co-occurrence relations of both soil bacterial and fungal communities between urban and suburban park soils. Soil available Zn played an important part in shaping the structures of both the bacterial and fungal communities in park soils in Shanghai.

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Liu, Ning-Ning, Na Jiao, Jing-Cong Tan, Ziliang Wang, Dingfeng Wu, An-Jun Wang, Jie Chen, et al. "Multi-kingdom microbiota analyses identify bacterial–fungal interactions and biomarkers of colorectal cancer across cohorts." Nature Microbiology 7, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-01030-7.

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AbstractDespite recent progress in our understanding of the association between the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC), multi-kingdom gut microbiome dysbiosis in CRC across cohorts is unexplored. We investigated four-kingdom microbiota alterations using CRC metagenomic datasets of 1,368 samples from 8 distinct geographical cohorts. Integrated analysis identified 20 archaeal, 27 bacterial, 20 fungal and 21 viral species for each single-kingdom diagnostic model. However, our data revealed superior diagnostic accuracy for models constructed with multi-kingdom markers, in particular the addition of fungal species. Specifically, 16 multi-kingdom markers including 11 bacterial, 4 fungal and 1 archaeal feature, achieved good performance in diagnosing patients with CRC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.83) and maintained accuracy across 3 independent cohorts. Coabundance analysis of the ecological network revealed associations between bacterial and fungal species, such as Talaromyces islandicus and Clostridium saccharobutylicum. Using metagenome shotgun sequencing data, the predictive power of the microbial functional potential was explored and elevated D-amino acid metabolism and butanoate metabolism were observed in CRC. Interestingly, the diagnostic model based on functional EggNOG genes achieved high accuracy (AUROC = 0.86). Collectively, our findings uncovered CRC-associated microbiota common across cohorts and demonstrate the applicability of multi-kingdom and functional markers as CRC diagnostic tools and, potentially, as therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC.

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Steffan, Breanne N., Nandhitha Venkatesh, and Nancy P. Keller. "Let’s Get Physical: Bacterial-Fungal Interactions and Their Consequences in Agriculture and Health." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040243.

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Fungi serve as a biological scaffold for bacterial attachment. In some specialized interactions, the bacteria will invade the fungal host, which in turn provides protection and nutrients for the bacteria. Mechanisms of the physical interactions between fungi and bacteria have been studied in both clinical and agricultural settings, as discussed in this review. Fungi and bacteria that are a part of these dynamic interactions can have altered growth and development as well as changes in microbial fitness as it pertains to antibiotic resistance, nutrient acquisition, and microbial dispersal. Consequences of these interactions are not just limited to the respective microorganisms, but also have major impacts in the health of humans and plants alike. Examining the mechanisms behind the physical interactions of fungi and bacteria will provide us with an understanding of multi-kingdom community processes and allow for the development of therapeutic approaches for disease in both ecological settings.

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Lee, S. S., J. K. Ha, and K. J. Cheng. "Relative Contributions of Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi to In Vitro Degradation of Orchard Grass Cell Walls and Their Interactions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 3807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.3807-3813.2000.

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ABSTRACT To assess the relative contributions of microbial groups (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi) in rumen fluids to the overall process of plant cell wall digestion in the rumen, representatives of these groups were selected by physical and chemical treatments of whole rumen fluid and used to construct an artificial rumen ecosystem. Physical treatments involved homogenization, centrifugation, filtration, and heat sterilization. Chemical treatments involved the addition of antibiotics and various chemicals to rumen fluid. To evaluate the potential activity and relative contribution to degradation of cell walls by specific microbial groups, the following fractions were prepared: a positive system (whole ruminal fluid), a bacterial (B) system, a protozoal (P) system, a fungal (F) system, and a negative system (cell-free rumen fluid). To assess the interactions between specific microbial fractions, mixed cultures (B+P, B+F, and P+F systems) were also assigned. Patterns of degradation due to the various treatments resulted in three distinct groups of data based on the degradation rate of cell wall material and on cell wall-degrading enzyme activities. The order of degradation was as follows: positive and F systems > B system > negative and P systems. Therefore, fungal activity was responsible for most of the cell wall degradation. Cell wall degradation by the anaerobic bacterial fraction was significantly less than by the fungal fraction, and the protozoal fraction failed to grow under the conditions used. In general, in the mixed culture systems the coculture systems demonstrated a decrease in cellulolysis compared with that of the monoculture systems. When one microbial fraction was associated with another microbial fraction, two types of results were obtained. The protozoal fraction inhibited cellulolysis of cell wall material by both the bacterial and the fungal fractions, while in the coculture between the bacterial fraction and the fungal fraction a synergistic interaction was detected.

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Guo, Qingxue, Lijuan Yan, Helena Korpelainen, Ülo Niinemets, and Chunyang Li. "Plant-plant interactions and N fertilization shape soil bacterial and fungal communities." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 128 (January 2019): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.10.018.

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Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr, Dr. "Comments on bacterial and fungal interactions in medicine, agriculture and the environment." International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS) 4, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.08.002.

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Arvanitis, Marios, and Eleftherios Mylonakis. "Characteristics, Clinical Relevance, and the Role of Echinocandins in Fungal–Bacterial Interactions." Clinical Infectious Diseases 61, suppl_6 (November 5, 2015): S630—S634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ816.

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Aunsbjerg, S. D., A. H. Honoré, F. K. Vogensen, and S. Knøchel. "Development of a chemically defined medium for studying foodborne bacterial–fungal interactions." International Dairy Journal 45 (June 2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.01.019.

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Wirth, Sophia, Katrin Krause, Maritta Kunert, Selina Broska, Christian Paetz, Wilhelm Boland, and Erika Kothe. "Function of sesquiterpenes from Schizophyllum commune in interspecific interactions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): e0245623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245623.

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Wood is a habitat for a variety of organisms, including saprophytic fungi and bacteria, playing an important role in wood decomposition. Wood inhabiting fungi release a diversity of volatiles used as signaling compounds to attract or repel other organisms. Here, we show that volatiles of Schizophyllum commune are active against wood-decay fungi and bacteria found in its mycosphere. We identified sesquiterpenes as the biologically active compounds, that inhibit fungal growth and modify bacterial motility. The low number of cultivable wood inhabiting bacteria prompted us to analyze the microbial community in the mycosphere of S. commune using a culture-independent approach. Most bacteria belong to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, including Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Erwiniaceae, Yersiniaceae and Mariprofundacea as the dominating families. In the fungal community, the phyla of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes were well represented. We propose that fungal volatiles might have an important function in the wood mycosphere and could meditate interactions between microorganisms across domains and within the fungal kingdom.

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González-González, Susett, Marcia Astorga-Eló, Marco Campos, Lukas Y. Wick, Jacquelinne J. Acuña, and Milko A. Jorquera. "Compost Fungi Allow for Effective Dispersal of Putative PGP Bacteria." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081567.

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Use of compost is a common agricultural practice. It improves soil fertility by adding nutrients and plant growth promoting (PGP) microorganisms. The role of bacterial-fungal interactions for compost-driven fertilization, however, is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether putative PGP bacteria associate to and disperse along mycelia of fungal isolates. A ‘Fungal highway column system’ was used to isolate and characterize fungal—bacterial couples derived from commercial compost (C), non-composted bulk soil (BS) and rhizosphere soil with compost application (RSC). Bacterial-fungal couples were identified by 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing and isolated bacteria were tested for representative PGP traits. Couples of fungi and associated migrator bacteria were isolated from C and RSC only. They included the fungal genera Aspergillus, Mucor, Ulocladium, Rhizopus and Syncephalastrum, and the bacterial genera Rhodococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Glutamicibacter and Microbacterium. Many of migrator bacteria in RSC and C showed PGP traits (e.g., tryptophane—induced auxin synthesis or phytate mineralizing activity) suggesting that fungi contained in C and RSC allow for dispersal of putative PGP bacteria. Next to being provider of nutrients, compost may therefore be source for PGP bacteria and fungal mycelia serving as networks for their efficient dispersal.

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Mason, Katie L., John R. Erb Downward, Kelly D. Mason, Nicole R. Falkowski, Kathryn A. Eaton, John Y. Kao, Vincent B. Young, and Gary B. Huffnagle. "Candida albicans and Bacterial Microbiota Interactions in the Cecum during Recolonization following Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 10 (July 9, 2012): 3371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00449-12.

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ABSTRACTCandida albicansis a normal member of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota of healthy humans, but during host immunosuppression or alterations in the bacterial microbiota,C. albicanscan disseminate and cause life-threatening illness. The bacterial microbiome of the GI tract, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), plays a vital role in preventing fungal invasion. However, little is known about the role ofC. albicansin shaping the bacterial microbiota during antibiotic recovery. We investigated the fungal burdens in the GI tracts of germfree mice and mice with a disturbed microbiome to demonstrate the role of the microbiota in preventingC. albicanscolonization. Histological analysis demonstrated that colonization withC. albicansduring antibiotic treatment does not trigger overt inflammation in the murine cecum. Bacterial diversity is reduced long term following cefoperazone treatment, but the presence ofC. albicansduring antibiotic recovery promoted the recovery of bacterial diversity. Cefoperazone diminishesBacteroidetespopulations long term in the ceca of mice, but the presence ofC. albicansduring cefoperazone recovery promotedBacteroidetespopulation recovery. However, the presence ofC. albicansresulted in a long-term reduction inLactobacillusspp. and promotedEnterococcus faecalispopulations. Previous studies have focused on the ability of bacteria to alterC. albicans; this study addresses the ability ofC. albicansto alter the bacterial microbiota during nonpathogenic colonization.

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Root-Bernstein, Robert. "Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042108.

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Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR) due to combined infections of SARS-CoV-2 with other microbes, mainly bacterial and fungal. This proposition is based on eight linked types of evidence and their logical connections. (1) Severe cases of COVID-19 differ from healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients in exhibiting increased TLR4, TLR7, TLR9 and NLRP3 activity. (2) SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses activate TLR3, TLR7, RIG1 and NLRP3. (3) SARS-CoV-2 cannot, therefore, account for the innate receptor activation pattern (IRAP) found in severe COVID-19 patients. (4) Severe COVID-19 also differs from its mild form in being characterized by bacterial and fungal infections. (5) Respiratory bacterial and fungal infections activate TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and NLRP3. (6) A combination of SARS-CoV-2 with bacterial/fungal coinfections accounts for the IRAP found in severe COVID-19 and why it differs from mild cases. (7) Notably, TLR7 (viral) and TLR4 (bacterial/fungal) synergize, TLR9 and TLR4 (both bacterial/fungal) synergize and TLR2 and TLR4 (both bacterial/fungal) synergize with NLRP3 (viral and bacterial). (8) Thus, a SARS-CoV-2-bacterium/fungus coinfection produces synergistic innate activation, resulting in the hyperinflammation characteristic of a cytokine storm. Unique clinical, experimental and therapeutic predictions (such as why melatonin is effective in treating COVID-19) are discussed, and broader implications are outlined for understanding why other syndromes such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis display varied cytokine storm symptoms.

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Wakelin, S., S. Harrison, C. Mander, B. Dignam, S. Rasmussen, S. Monk, K. Fraser, and M. O'Callaghan. "Impacts of endophyte infection of ryegrass on rhizosphere metabolome and microbial community." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 10 (2015): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14321.

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The use of grasses such as ryegrass and fescues infected with endophytic fungi of the Epichloë genus is widespread in New Zealand’s pastoral systems. Each endophyte–cultivar combination represents a distinctive genome–genome association, resulting in unique biological outcomes. The wider influence of these interactions on rhizosphere microbiology are not well characterised. This is important, because there may be opportunities or risks associated with selective disruption of the rhizosphere microbiota. We explored the interaction of two commercially used endophyte fungi, E. festucae var. lolii strains AR1 and AR37, within a genetically uniform breeding line of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Samson 11104) on the rhizosphere metabolome and the composition of the fungal, bacterial, and Pseudomonas communities. There were strong differences in the rhizosphere metabolomes between infested and non-infested ryegrass strains (P = 0.06). These were attributed to shifts in various n-alkane hydrocarbon compounds. The endophyte-associated alteration in rhizosphere metabolome was linked to changes in the total bacterial (P < 0.01) and fungal (P < 0.05) rhizosphere communities. Furthermore, there was varying levels of support for endophyte-specific (AR1 v. AR37) impacts on the bacterial and fungal communities. Pseudomonas bacterial communities were not influenced by endophyte infection of ryegrass (P = 0.834).

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Vivanco, Lucía, Nicolás Rascovan, and Amy T. Austin. "Plant, fungal, bacterial, and nitrogen interactions in the litter layer of a native Patagonian forest." PeerJ 6 (May 11, 2018): e4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4754.

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Plant–microbial interactions in the litter layer represent one of the most relevant interactions for biogeochemical cycling as litter decomposition is a key first step in carbon and nitrogen turnover. However, our understanding of these interactions in the litter layer remains elusive. In an old-growth mixed Nothofagus forest in Patagonia, we studied the effects of single tree species identity and the mixture of three tree species on the fungal and bacterial composition in the litter layer. We also evaluated the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on these plant–microbial interactions. In addition, we compared the magnitude of stimulation of litter decomposition due to home field advantage (HFA, decomposition occurs more rapidly when litter is placed beneath the plant species from which it had been derived than beneath a different plant species) and N addition that we previously demonstrated in this same forest, and used microbial information to interpret these results. Tree species identity had a strong and significant effect on the composition of fungal communities but not on the bacterial community of the litter layer. The microbial composition of the litter layer under the tree species mixture show an averaged contribution of each single tree species. N addition did not erase the plant species footprint on the fungal community, and neither altered the bacterial community. N addition stimulated litter decomposition as much as HFA for certain tree species, but the mechanisms behind N and HFA stimulation may have differed. Our results suggest that stimulation of decomposition from N addition might have occurred due to increased microbial activity without large changes in microbial community composition, while HFA may have resulted principally from plant species’ effects on the litter fungal community. Together, our results suggest that plant–microbial interactions can be an unconsidered driver of litter decomposition in temperate forests.

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Fu, Yu, Xiaolin Li, Qiang Li, Haowei Wu, Chuan Xiong, Qi Geng, Honghu Sun, and Qun Sun. "Soil microbial communities of three major Chinese truffles in southwest China." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 11 (November 2016): 970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0139.

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Tuber pseudoexcavatum, Tuber sinoaestivum, and Tuber indicum are the 3 most important truffles growing in southeast China; however, their cultivation is still inefficient owing to the lack of understanding regarding the composition and function of the bacterial and fungal communities from the soils around the fruit bodies and the ectomycorrhiza of these truffles. The aim of this study was to disclose the microbial communities in truffle-producing soils in Huidong County, Sichuan, China, by using barcoded pyrosequencing. Approximately 350 000 quality-controlled sequences were obtained and grouped into 14 025 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 4385 fungal OTUs, which included 29 bacterial and 7 fungal phyla, respectively. The bacterial genus Acidobacterium and fungal genera Modicella, Pseudogymnoascus, and Mortierella were significantly more abundant in the control soils than in the truffle-producing soils (P < 0.05), while the bacterial genus Sphingomonas (Alphaproteobacteria) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal genus Glomus were significantly enriched in truffle-producing soil than in the control (P < 0.05), indicating their different roles within truffle grounds. Notably, some nonfungal organisms detected by 18S rDNA pyrosequencing were of high abundance, among which Cercozoa and Ochrophyta were significantly (P < 0.05) more abundant in truffle soils than in control soils, indicating their interactions with truffles.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fungal-bacterial interactions'

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