Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fungal

Academic literature on the topic 'Fungal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fungal"

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Gariuc, L. "NON-INVASIVE FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS. ALLERGIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS." Folia Othorhinolaryngologiae et Pathologiae Respiratoriae 25, no. 2 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33848/foliorl23103825-2019-25-2-59-66.

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MENGİ, Erdem. "Fungal Rhinosinusitis: Review." Türk Rinoloji Dergisi 4, no. 1 (2015): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24091/trhin.2015-46304.

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Iqbal, Mahid. "FUNGAL RHINO SINUSITIS DURING COVID-19 ERA." Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat 11, no. 4 (November 20, 2021): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.4.662.

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Fungal rhino sinusitis is a life threating, aggressive, angioinvasive infection caused by a group of fungai called mucormycetes and aspergillus as well1. Spores of these fungai are present in the soil, air decaying material and animal dungs. They are inhaled and swallowed to cause infection. It affects mainly immune compromised patients like uncontrolled diabetes (fungus grows and flourish at high sugar level), organ transplant individuals and patients on long term steroid therapy2. Apart from the Covid-19 the fungal infection is not contagious.
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Pendjer, I., I. Boricic, V. Arsic, Z. Dudvarski, J. Dotlic, O. Jovicevic, and Lj Janosevic. "Fungal sinusitis diagnostic management and classification." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 56, no. 3 (2009): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0903145p.

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The aim of this paper is to present the current classification of fungal sinusitis and share our experiences in diagnostic procedures and treatment outcomes. The study includes 31 patients operated since 2000-2009. in whome some form of fungal infection had been diagnosed. There were 10 patients with mycetoma, and 16 patients with chronic non-invasive fungal sinusitis, while in five patients allergic fungal sinusitis was proven. All patients were treated postoperatively with topical steroids and irrigation with saline solution, without use of fungicides. Characteristics of chronic non-invasive funga sinusitis and mycetoma are CT with specific opacification and calcification with involement of maxillary sinus unilaterally or bilateral together with pathohistological finding of positive staining by Grocott with the identification of fungi from secret or tissue. Allergic fungal sinusitis is characterized by eosinophilia, positive skin test to fungal allergens, elevated serum level of both specific IgE antibodies to causal fungus and total IgE, as well as, pathohistological finding of allergic mucus which include non-invasive hifa. Fungal sinusitis in immunocompetent patients is classified into the following categories: mycetoma, chronic non-invasive fungal sinusitis, chronic indolent sinusitis (which does not occur in our population) and allergic fungal sinusitis.
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Baten, Evert, An Buttiens, Lize Waumans, Linde Stessens, Ingrid Arijs, Bernard Bynens, Jan Van Nueten, Joyce Pennings, Hans Goethuys, and Geert Verswijfel. "Fungal Bezoars Mimicking an Enterovesica Fistula: A Unique Case Report." Current Urology 13, no. 2 (2019): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499284.

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Fungal colonization or infection of the urinary tract system is relatively common in patients with diabetes or a compromised immune system. However, fungal intravesical bezoars are extremely rare. We present a unique case with multiple, gas-holding fungals bezoars and emphysematous cystitis caused by Candida tropicalis.
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Schell, Wiley A. "Unusual fungal pathogens in fungal rhinosinusitis." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 33, no. 2 (April 2000): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-6665(00)80011-0.

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Takatori, Kosuke. "Fungal Allergy. Fungal Ecology in Dwelling Environments." Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 42, no. 3 (2001): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3314/jjmm.42.113.

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Sumaily, Ibrahim, Majed Assiri, and Ali Alzarei. "Fungal vs non-fungal allergic mucin rhinosinusitis." Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 19, no. 2 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-8491.275314.

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Roper, Marcus, and Emilie Dressaire. "Fungal Biology: Bidirectional Communication across Fungal Networks." Current Biology 29, no. 4 (February 2019): R130—R132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.011.

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Ahmad, Waseem, Muhammad Iqbal, and Gohar Amin. "NASAL POLYPS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 09 (September 9, 2018): 1417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4634.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fungal"

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LIU, Qi. "The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12035.

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Carbon and nitrogen are key macro-nutrients affecting growth and fitness particularly in heterotrophic organisms. A considerable body of evidence suggests that many organisms including mammals, insects and slime moulds have a target intake that is optimal in the sense of maximising growth or ecological fitness. In nutritionally heterogeneous environments, these organisms show an ability to regulate the intake of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds by selecting different food types to reach the target ratio. This is now a major focus of research in diet-related chronic disease in humans including obesity. Fungi are one of the most important components of the terrestrial ecosystem, and play a key role in nutrient cycling, structural genesis, water infiltration and carbon storage in soil. The manner in which the fungal phenotype emerges in response to the complex nutritional environment of soil is fundamental to the persistence of these functions across space and time. We explore the extent to which the fungal phenotype can be understood in terms of a target ratio of C: N. We used the fungus Mucor mucedo as the model species, and studies its growth in different nutrient regimes by varying the C: N ratio, and including both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen. There is evidence for a target C: N ratio in a homogeneous environment, although growth rate remains high over a relatively broad range in the ratio by comparison with other organisms. We attribute this to the capacity of fungi to recycle and translocate internal sources of nutrients to regions of high demand. In a heterogeneous environment, we provide evidence that this is the case, although nitrogen is more readily translocated than carbon in this species. In this study, a comparison of growth rate for different C: N ratios and nutrient concentrations indicates efficiency, the amplitude of the oscillations is a measure of stability. This provides an important constraint for our understanding of underlying regulatory pathways linking C and N to growth. A hyphal-level II model for fungal growth is developed to study the consequences of our findings for the emergence of the fungal phenotype, and is used to generate new hypotheses for future testing. Finally, a metabolic model is constructed that synthesises existing knowledge of carbon and nitrogen pathways in cells. We built two versions of this network model corresponding to the case of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen respectively. Both models reproduced oscillatory growth observed in the laboratory experiments and, consistent with observation, the amplitude of the oscillations is positively correlated with the C: N ratio only for the inorganic N version of the model. A peak C: N ratio for fungal growth is also only predicted for inorganic sources of N, as we saw in the observed behaviour. The networks we built for this project may be highly conserved across the kingdom of life, therefore the models may be broadly applicable with certain modifications.
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Hart, Rodney S. (Rodney Sebastian). "Physical interactions of filamentous fungal spores and unicellular fungi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17371.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is known that many hyphomycetous fungi are dispersed by wind, water and insects. However, very little is known about how these fungi may differ from each other regarding their ability to be disseminated by different environmental vectors. Consequently, to obtain an indication of the primary means of spore dispersal employed by representatives of the genera Acremonium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, isolated from soil and indoor environments, we monitored spore liberation of cultures representing these genera in an airflow cell. The experimental data obtained, of plate counts conducted of the air at the outlet of the airflow cell, were subjected to an appropriate analysis of variance (ANOVA), using SAS statistical software. Intraspecific differences occurred regarding aerial spore release. Under humid conditions, however, Penicillium species were more successful in releasing their spores than Aspergillus and the Acremonium strain. Under desiccated conditions the Aspergillus took longer to release their spores than representatives of Acremonium and Penicillium. The taxa that were investigated did not differ from each other regarding the release of spores in physiological salt solution (PSS). Although not proven, indications are that water may act as an important dispersion agent for these fungi, because washing of cultures with PSS resulted in all cases in an immediate massive release of colony forming units. Subsequently, using standard plate count techniques, conidial adhesion of the fungi mentioned above to synthetic membranes, leaf cuttings and insect exoskeletons differing in hydrophobicity and electrostatic charge were investigated. We found that the different genera showed different adhesion profiles for the series of test surfaces, indicating differences in physico-chemical characteristics of the fungal spore surfaces. In general, the Penicillium strains showed a greater ability to adhere to the test surfaces, than the aspergilli, while the representative of Acremonium showed the least adherence. No significant difference in the percentage spore adhesion was found between hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials. Furthermore, evidence was uncovered supporting the contention that, under dry conditions, electrostatic surface charges play a role in the adherence of fungal spores to surfaces, because adherence was positively correlated (Correlation coefficient = 0.70898, p = 0.001) to positive electrostatic charges on the lamellar surfaces. In the next part of the study, standard plate count methods were used to determine the relative adhesion of the above mentioned hyphomycetous fungi, as well as a polyphyletic group of yeasts, to the test surfaces submerged in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). As was found with the experiments with the dry surfaces, both intraspecific and intergenus differences were uncovered. Overall, the fungi adhered better to hydrophilic surfaces than to hydrophobic surfaces. This indicated that the fungal surfaces were covered with relatively hydrophilic compounds such as carbohydrates. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that all the fungi adhered to plasma membrane glycoprotein coated polystyrene and the presence of fungal carbohydrates on the surfaces of the fungal propagules was confirmed using epi-fluorescence microscopy. Differences in the strategy of the fungal genera to release their airborne spores, as well as differences in their adhesion profiles for the series of test materials, may be indicative of a unique environmental niche for each genus. In future, this phenomenon should be investigated further.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hifomisete fungi is daarvoor bekend om te versprei deur middel van wind, water, en insek vektore. Maar nietemin, daar is bykans geen kennis m.b.t. hoe hierdie fungi van mekaar verskil t.o.v. hul vermoë om versprei te word deur omgewings vektore nie. Gevolglik was spoorvrystelling van kulture, verteenwoordigend van die genera Acremonium, Aspergillus en Penicillium gemoniteer om ‘n aanduiding te kry van primêre wyse van spoorverspreiding waardeur verteenwoordigers van die onderskeie genera ingespan word. Eksperimentele data ingewin, vanaf plaat tellings wat uitgevoer was op lug afkomstig vanuit die uitlaat-klep van die lugvloei kapsule, was onderwerp aan ‘n toepaslike analise van afwyking (ANOVA), deur gebruik te maak van ‘n SAS statistiese pakket. Intraspesie verskille is waargeneem t.o.v. lug spoorvrystelling. Desnieteenstaande was Penicillium meer suksesvol onder vogtige kondisies t.o.v. spoorvrystelling in vergelyking met Aspergillus en die Acremonium stam. Onder droë kondisies het verteenwoordigers van Aspergillus langer geneem om hul spore vry te stel as verteenwoordigers van onderskeidelik, Penicillium en Acremonium. Geen verskille was waargeneem m.b.t. spoorvrystelling in fisiologiese soutoplossing (FSO) tussen die verskillende filogenetiese stamme nie. Alhoewel dit nie bewys is nie, wil dit voorkom asof water as belangrike verspreidingsagent van die betrokke fungi dien, aangesien die spoel van kulture met FSO tot ‘n oombliklike enorme vrystelling van kolonie-vormende eenhede gelei het. Gevolglik, deur gebruik te maak van standaard plaattellings tegnieke, was spoor aanhegting van bogenoemde fungi aan sintetiese membrane, blaar snitte en insek eksoskelette wat verskil in terme van hidrofobisiteit en elektriese lading, ondersoek. Daar was gevind dat die aanhegtingsprofiele m.b.t. hierdie reeks toetsoppervlaktes van die verskillende genera verskil, wat op sigself ‘n aanduiding was van verskille in fisieschemiese eienskappe van die swamspoor oppervlaktes. Penicillium stamme het ‘n hoër aanhegtings vermoë aan die toetsoppervlaktes getoon as die aspergilli, terwyl die verteenwoordiger van Acremonium die laagste aanhegting getoon het. Geen betekenisvolle verskille i.t.v. persentasie spoor aanhegting was gevind tussen hidrofobiese en hidrofiliese oppervlakte nie. Daarbenewens was die argument dat spoorvrystelling onder droë kondisies beïnvloed word deur elektrostatiese oppervlak ladings, bevestig deur ons bevindinge, want aanhegting het positief gekoreleer (Korrelasie koëffisient = 0.70898, p = 0.001) met positiewe ladings op die oppervlaktes. ‘n Standaard plaattellingstegniek was aangewend in die volgende fasset van die studie om die relatiewe aanhegting van bogenoemde hifomisete fungi, sowel as ‘n polifilitiese groep giste aan die toetsoppervlaktes, gedompel in 10 mM natrium fosfaat buffer (pH 7.0) vas te stel. Intraspesie en intragenus verskille was weereens waargeneem, net soos in die geval van die eksperimente met die droë oppervlakte. In die algemeen het die swamme baie beter geheg aan hidrofiliese oppervlaktes in vergelyking met hidrofobiese oppervlakte. Dit was ‘n aanduiding dat die swamspoor oppervlaktes bedek was met relatiewe hidrofiliese verbindings bv. koolhidrate. Verder was daar bewys dat alle swamme ingesluit in hierdie studie die vermoë het om plasmamembraan glikoproteïn bedekte polistireen te bind, en gevolglik was die teenwoordigheid van van koolhidrate op die swamspore bevestig m.b.v epi-fluoresensie mikroskopie. Verskille in die strategie van swamme om spore in die lug vry te stel, sowel as verskille in die aanhegtingsprofiele vir ‘n reeks toetsmateriale, mag net ‘n aanduiding wees van ‘n unieke omgewings nis vir elke genus wat in hierdie studie ondersoek is. Hierdie verskynsel moet dus in die nabye toekoms nagevors word.
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Marcet, Houben Marina. "Fungal phylogenomics.A global analysis of fungal genomes and their evolution." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8685.

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Fungi is the eukaryotic group with a largest amount of completely sequenced species and therefore it is particularly well suited for comparative genomics analyses.
A species tree is often an important part of phylogenomics analysis. Concern about its reliability led us to design several methods by which we could identify nodes in the species tree that were poorly supported by a whole phylome. We determined that the species tree was mostly well supported but some nodes showed large discrepancies to most genes.
These results could partly be attributed to evolutionary events that result in topological changes in gene trees. Our analyses have shown that HGT plays an important role in fungal evolution. Gene duplications followed by differential loss are also often the cause of incongruence. The OXPHOS pathway, despite being formed by multi-protein complexes, has been affected by this process at similar levels than the rest of the genome.
Els fongs són el grup d'espècies eucariotes amb un major nombre de genomes completament seqüenciats. Per això són un grup ideal on aplicar tècniques filogenòmiques.
L'arbre de les espècies és un punt clau en molts anàlisis filogenòmics i com a tal necessitem saber si és fiable. Hem dissenyat diferents mesures que aprofiten la informació d'un filoma per identificar aquells punts en l'arbre de les especies que no estan ben suportats. Les discrepàncies que hem trobat poden ser degudes a successos evolutius (transferència horitzontal, duplicacions,...). Hem demostrat que la transferència horitzontal juga un paper important en l'evolució de fongs. També hem estudiat els efectes de duplicacions en l'evolució de la via metabòlica de la fosforilació oxidativa.
Podem concloure que l'arbre de les especies és majoritàriament robust, però que necessitem ser capaços d'identificar nodes subjectes a variacions. Successos evolutius poden ser la causa de les discrepàncies observades en els arbres gènics.
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Pereira, Tatiana Araujo. "Purificação e caracterização de enzimas envolvidas na bioluminescência de fungos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-12042018-105954/.

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Esta tese descreve estudos realizados na tentativa de purificar e caracterizar enzimas envolvidas na BL de fungos, além de trabalhos conduzidos a fim de investigar o mecanismo da bioluminescência de fungos. Inicialmente, tentou-se isolar as duas enzimas supostamente responsáveis pala reação bioluminescente em fungos. Parâmetros de atividade ótima (pH e temperatura) e comportamento cinético foram investigados. Todavia, com a descoberta de que a luciferina fúngica é o derivado hidroxilado da hispidina (3-hidróxihispidina), novas estratégias foram abordadas. Os esforços se concentraram na purificação da luciferase, visto que a hidroxilase não faz parte do sistema bioluminescente de fungos. Avaliação da interação da luciferase fúngica com a luciferina ou derivados dela sugeriram comportamento relativamente promíscuo da enzima. Os resultados indicaram que a reação luciferina-luciferase é favorecida em meio básico (pH ~8), a ~20 °C. Ensaios com 18O2 revelaram que a inserção de oxigênio na molécula de luciferina produz um intermediário cuja descarboxilação gera a oxiluciferina. Paralelamente, a síntese da hispidina in vitro a partir de ácido cafeico na presença de malonil-CoA e de extrato de micélios bioluminescentes resultou na emissão de luz, confirmando que a luciferina é reciclada no processo.
This work describes studies performed to purify and characterize enzymes responsible for the fungal bioluminescence. Also, it shows important data that contributes to understand the mechanism for bioluminescence reaction in fungi. First, we tried to isolate two enzymes suspected of being involved on fungal bioluminescence. Optimum activity parameters (pH and temperature) and kinetic behavior were investigated. However, the discovery that fungal luciferin is the hispidin derivative 3-hydroxyhispidin demanded adaptations in the project. First of all, concentrates efforts to luciferase purification was priority, since hydroxylase is not part of the bioluminescent system of fungi. Studies on the luciferase interaction with different substrates showed some promiscuity for the enzyme. The results indicated higher intensity of light from luciferin-luciferase reaction in alkaline solutions (pH ~ 8) at ~ 20 °C. The reaction in medium with 18O2 revealed that insertion of oxygen into the luciferin structure produces an intermediate whose decarboxylation generates oxyluciferin. In parallel, the in vitro synthesis of hispidin using caffeic acid and malonyl-CoA with the mycelium extract resulted in the emission of light, confirming that luciferin is recycled in the process.
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Leal, Sixto M. Jr. "Fungal Keratitis: Immune Recognition, Neutrophil-Hyphae Interactions and Fungal Anti-Oxidative Defenses." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339081455.

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McAleese, Thomas James. "Interactions of fungal hyphae." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356898.

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Auer, Nadja. "Fungal degradation of nitrocellulose." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251569.

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Donovan, Tessa May. "Biosynthesis of fungal melanin." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13689.

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Simpson, T. J. "Biosynthesis of fungal metabolites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11389.

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Grassano, Stacie. "Whey-Based Fungal Microfactories for In Situ Production of Entomopathogenic Fungi." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/92.

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The eastern hemlock is a late-successional conifer species that is valued for its ecological functions, recreational importance, aesthetic beauty, and economic value. The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand, Homoptera: Adelgidae) is an invasive aphid-like insect from Asia that is causing serious damage to the eastern and Carolina hemlock. HWA was first introduced to the Eastern United States to Virginia in the 1950’s and has since moved along the east coast from Georgia to Maine. It can kill a healthy tree in three to seven years depending on many environmental factors. Native predators have not been successful in reducing damage to hemlock trees or limiting the spread of HWA. Chemical, cultural, and biological control efforts have been implemented in states with high populations of HWA. Chemical applications are costly and current formulations are difficult to apply in large stands and in forested areas. Salvage cutting is a method to control the spread of adelgid and recover some economic value of the wood. Predatory beetles native to Asia, where HWA is present but not a severe problem, have been researched, reared, and released into infested stands in the Eastern United States. Their success for management of HWA has been difficult to ascertain. The entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium ((Petch) Zares & Gams) is another biological control agent with potential to manage and suppress adelgid populations. L. muscarium (Mycotal™ technical powder, Koppert Biological Systems) plus the nutritive base sweet whey, may promote conidia production without contact with a host and this means of increasing conidia is called a whey-based fungal microfactory. The whey would act as a nutritive substrate for fungi sprayed into hemlock forests. Formulation droplets deposited on hemlock needles should support fungal growth and serve as tiny factories for conidia production. Microfactory production was characterized in different combinations of sweet whey (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and conidia concentration (1 x 106, 1 x 107, and 1 x 108 conidia/ml) applied to lids of Petri dishes. A dramatic 42- and 29-fold increase in conidia production occurred with the addition of 10% sweet whey to 1 x 106 and 1 x 107 conidia/ml, respectively. Increasing whey concentration increased the number of conidia that were recovered. Conidia production was also obtained on hemlock foliage, with similar trends in influence of conidia and whey concentration. The hemlock branches also contained HWA and their mortality was evaluated. Adelgid mortality was highest in formulations containing sweet whey, but whey had an independent effect on mortality. Several antimicrobials were evaluated for compatibility with L. muscarium in the microfactory formulation. Nisin did not inhibit conidia production. The addition of antimicrobials to the whey-based formulations may limit the competition between the fungus and other microbes present in the spray tank and on foliage. Whey-based fungal microfactory technology is intended to facilitate multiplication of fungi in the natural environment. Transferring a portion of fungal massproduction into the treatment environment could reduce application costs and increase the feasibility of using fungi for biological control of HWA and other pest species.
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Books on the topic "Fungal"

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Jennings, D. H. Fungal biology: Understanding the fungal lifestyle. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 1996.

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G, Lysek, ed. Fungal biology: Understanding the fungal lifestyle. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: BIOS, 1999.

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Fungal morphogenesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Kumar, Sachin, Pratibha Dheeran, Mohammad Taherzadeh, and Samir Khanal, eds. Fungal Biorefineries. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8.

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O'Connor, Louise, and Barry Glynn, eds. Fungal Diagnostics. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-257-5.

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Kronstad, J. W., ed. Fungal Pathology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9546-9.

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Richardson, Malcolm D., and David W. Warnock. Fungal Infection. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118321492.

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Drouhet, Edouard, Garry T. Cole, Louis de Repentigny, Jean-Paul Latgé, and Bertrand Dupont, eds. Fungal Antigens. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0773-0.

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Hock, Bertold, ed. Fungal Associations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30826-0.

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Hock, Bertold, ed. Fungal Associations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07334-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fungal"

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Deacon, Jim. "Introduction: The Fungi and Fungal Activities." In Fungal Biology, 1–15. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118685068.ch1.

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Deacon, Jim. "Fungal Metabolism and Fungal Products." In Fungal Biology, 122–41. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118685068.ch7.

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Jensen, Dan Funck, Magnus Karlsson, and Björn D. Lindahl. "Chapter 38 Fungal–Fungal Interactions." In Mycology, 549–62. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315119496-39.

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Bennett, Joan Wennstrom. "Feminism, Fungi, and Fungal Genetics." In Many Faces, Many Microbes, 51–57. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818128.ch7.

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de Siqueira, Virginia Medeiros. "Fungal biofilms." In Fungal Biomolecules, 1–10. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118958308.ch1.

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Malysheva, Svetlana V., José Diana Di Mavungu, and Sarah De Saeger. "Fungal mycotoxins." In Fungal Biomolecules, 153–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118958308.ch12.

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Pagano, Marcela C., and Partha P. Dhar. "Fungal pigments." In Fungal Biomolecules, 173–81. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118958308.ch13.

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Kaufman, Leo, and Paul Standard. "Fungal Exoantigens." In Fungal Antigens, 111–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0773-0_7.

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Rodriguez, Tobias E., Jack R. Harkema, and Gary B. Huffnagle. "Fungal Sinusitis." In Fungal Immunology, 1–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25445-5_1.

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Deacon, Jim. "Fungal Symbiosis." In Fungal Biology, 256–78. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118685068.ch13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fungal"

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Gajewski, Kamil, Witold Prusak, Jaroslaw Fafara, Aleksander Skrzypiec, and Tymoteusz Turlej. "ARTIFICIALLY AIDED FUNGI RECOGNITION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.33.

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This article presents the concept of using neural networks in the recognition of fungi for use in a mobile forest ecosystem inspection robot. There are many dependencies regarding the occurrence of fungi in the vicinity of specific tree species. The presence of some fungi may be the result of a developing tree disease. The possibility of quick recognition of the fungus species using an autonomous mobile robot will allow for faster detection and prevention of the disease in entire ecosystems. An attempt was made to use neural networks to improve the efficiency of recognizing a specific species of fungus. This paper presents a comparison between our network and the AlexNet method network (created by Alex Krizhevsky) [1] for fungal recognition. This system was designed so that created by our students' science club NewTech AGH mobile inspection robot "RUMCAJS" could map the fungal population over time. Based on the comparison of the neural networks used, the possibility of correct use of the proposed solution for the detection of fungi was shown, as well as a more effective method in this application was indicated. The proposed method can be successfully implemented for the inspection of ecosystems using autonomous robots.
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Choglokova, A. A., and G. V. Mitina. "Antibiotic activity of strains of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium against phytopathogens." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-117.

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The aim of the work was the identification of the antibiotic properties of highly virulent strains of the fungus Lecanicillium. Most of the strains were more active against phytopathogenic fungi than bacteria. Strain F 14 showed high antibiotic properties against both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Strain Vl 79 (L. dimorphum) was more active against phytopathogenic fungi, and Vl 61 showed good results against bacteria.
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Nicolau, Dan V. "Fungal intelligence: Space search by filamentous fungi." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082011.

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Adenan, Sakeenah, Jane Oja, Talaat Abdel-Fattah, and Juha Alatalo. "Linking Soil Chemical Parameters and Fungal Diversity in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0068.

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Given the vast expanse of Qatar’s dryland ecosystems, agricultural productivity and soil stability is highly dependent on the diversity of soil microbiota. The soil environment is a heterogeneous habitat shaped by various components like chemical (organic matter, salinity and nutrients) and biological (fungal diversity and vegetation) properties that form multitudes of different microhabitats. Soil microbial diversity changes along environmental gradients. It is hypothesized that a “stable” microhabitat is one that is inhabited by a large diversity of established microorganisms that are best adapted to the niche. Microorganisms like fungi serve as the underlying biological drivers for biochemical processes within the soil. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the fungal diversity and abundance present within the Qatari soil using molecular-based tools and evaluate potential relationships between the identified fungal communities with chemical properties of the habitat. We found that the composition of fungi and AMF varied between different habitats around Qatar. Despite the lack of significant differences in the measured soil chemical parameters between sampled sites, it is evident that AMF species are more abundant than compared to that of other fungal species in most of the study sites; thus, suggesting that other factors like land use may also be an essential component explaining the variation in fungal communities.
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Putri, A. S., S. Najah, A. N. Lathifah, A. A. Asmara, and D. Wulandari. "POTENCY OF INDIGENOUS MICROBES OF PIYUNGAN LANDFILL YOGYAKARTA FOR MICROPLASTIC BIODEGRADATION." In 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/icsbe.vol4.art44.

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Research on the bacteria and fungi potentially degrading microplastic in Piyungan Landfill has not been done much. Meanwhile, plastic pollution is one of many environmental problems faced in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The accumulation of plastic waste is getting more significant daily, and the capacity of landfills is decreasing. Bacterial and fungal testing was carried out by taking soil samples from landfills and isolating dilute Nutrient Broth, Malt Extract Agar, and Nutrient Agar media. Bacterial and fungal were identified by morphology colony and cell, then tested for plastic biodegradation by selected bacterial and fungal. The result of this research, there are 18 bacterial isolate and five isolate fungi, but for the degradation testing, chosen just three bacterial (Isolate A, F, J) degrade Polypropylene for ±30 days and three fungal (Isolate PA, PK, RJ) to degrade LDPE for ±14 days. The indicator for determining plastic degradation is clear-zone formation. The test result showed that isolate F, which had similarity with bacteria in the genus of Micrococcus, had a higher potential to degrade microplastic with clear-zone formation ±1.23 mm. Meanwhile, fungal isolate PK, similar to Penicillium sp., had a higher potential to degrade microplastic, marked by the most significant clear-zone appearance, ±2.3 cm.
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Kuzikova, Irina, Irina Kuzikova, Vera Safronova, Vera Safronova, Nadezda Medvedeva, and Nadezda Medvedeva. "IMPACT OF NONYLPHENOL ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGI FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF THE GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93c5890b52.86067390.

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Nonylphenol (NP) is the most abundant environmental estrogen listed as one of the priority hazardous substances in the Water Framework Directive (EC 2000) and the priority pollutant of Baltic Sea (HELCOM 2010). The present study aims to compare the effects of technical nonylphenol (tNP) on the cellulase, amylase and protease activity of the terrestrial fungal strains played a significant role in aquatic ecosystems due to their high adaptive capacity and a large range of functional activity. The study also attempts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying sensitivity of the terrestrial fungi to tNP. The fungal strains were isolated from the bottom sediments of the coastal area of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The terrestrial fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed space region. One reason for significant differences in sensitivity to the toxicant studied among the fungi is the change in the fungal cell permeability, in particular in cell membrane permeability, induced by NP. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tNP cause significant changes in activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the terrestrial fungi Aspergillus tubingensis, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, and Cadophora fastigiata involved in organic matter degradation in bottom sediments. There can be increasing or decreasing trend, depending on both the type of enzyme and the tNP concentration. The revealed changes may disrupt the destructive processes in bottom sediments, as well as succession and stability of microbial communities functioning in the aquatic environment. It was found that tNP contributes to the activation of proteolytic enzymes, considered as potential fungal virulence factors. This may lead to emergence fungal strains with enhanced virulence in aquatic microbiocenoses. The investigations of the physiological responses of terrestrial fungi under nonylphenol will be important for biochemical processes dynamics and their environmental consequences evaluation.
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Kuzikova, Irina, Irina Kuzikova, Vera Safronova, Vera Safronova, Nadezda Medvedeva, and Nadezda Medvedeva. "IMPACT OF NONYLPHENOL ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGI FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF THE GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431765a62a.

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Nonylphenol (NP) is the most abundant environmental estrogen listed as one of the priority hazardous substances in the Water Framework Directive (EC 2000) and the priority pollutant of Baltic Sea (HELCOM 2010). The present study aims to compare the effects of technical nonylphenol (tNP) on the cellulase, amylase and protease activity of the terrestrial fungal strains played a significant role in aquatic ecosystems due to their high adaptive capacity and a large range of functional activity. The study also attempts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying sensitivity of the terrestrial fungi to tNP. The fungal strains were isolated from the bottom sediments of the coastal area of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The terrestrial fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed space region. One reason for significant differences in sensitivity to the toxicant studied among the fungi is the change in the fungal cell permeability, in particular in cell membrane permeability, induced by NP. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tNP cause significant changes in activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the terrestrial fungi Aspergillus tubingensis, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, and Cadophora fastigiata involved in organic matter degradation in bottom sediments. There can be increasing or decreasing trend, depending on both the type of enzyme and the tNP concentration. The revealed changes may disrupt the destructive processes in bottom sediments, as well as succession and stability of microbial communities functioning in the aquatic environment. It was found that tNP contributes to the activation of proteolytic enzymes, considered as potential fungal virulence factors. This may lead to emergence fungal strains with enhanced virulence in aquatic microbiocenoses. The investigations of the physiological responses of terrestrial fungi under nonylphenol will be important for biochemical processes dynamics and their environmental consequences evaluation.
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Khot, Mahesh Balwant. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of microbial oil-derived fuels and other non-fuel products." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/imol9786.

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Much literature is available on fungal lipids and their capability as a renewable oil platform for alternate fuels, chemicals, and food products. Microbial oils will not displace all edible oils soon, given techno-economical hurdles in commercialization. However, continued research & development can flatten the curve of deforestation and land-use impacts associated with cultivating these crops. To better understand how oleaginous yeasts and fungi could alleviate the challenges related to the energy-environment-food nexus, it becomes critical to investigate their potential environmental impacts quantitively compared to other feedstocks. Life cycle analysis or assessment (LCA) is a standard tool used for this purpose. LCA studies are not being conducted on a broader scale for fungus-derived oils than their phototrophic algal counterparts. The different stages in the life cycle of fungal lipid production that can be analyzed for environmental implications include cultivation and fermentation, oil extraction; further downstream processing; and end-use. The LCA method for fungal lipid-derived biofuel production systems should cover the main sustainability concerns of biofuel production systems: energy efficiency, climate change, and land occupation. With the scope of microbial oil applications expanding beyond non-fuel encompassing food, supplements, and medicines, their subsequent environmental implications need to be investigated. Further work is required in this area. There are significant knowledge gaps in life cycle inventory and impact assessment information for non-fuel applications.
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Karakurt, Z., F. Aksoy, G. Gungor, O. Mocin, M. Partal, and R. Baran. "Endobronchial Fungal Infection:Candida." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5937.

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An, Qi, Jiao Xu, Xuanfu Hu, and Xubin Gao. "Fungal Decomposition Model." In 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Automation and Applications (ICAA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaa53760.2021.00150.

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Reports on the topic "Fungal"

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Role of Phosphorylation in Fungal Spore Germination. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568761.bard.

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Spore germination is a common and fundamental event in fungal development and in many instances an essential phase of fungal infection and dissemination. Spore germination is also critical for hyperparasites to function as biocontrol agents as well as in fermentation proceses. Our common objective is to understand the mechanisms which regulated spore germination and identify factors involved in pathogenicity related prepenetration development. Our approach is to exploit the overall similarity among filamentous fungi using both a plant pathogen (Colletotricum trifolii) and a model system that is genetically sophisticated (Neurospora crassa). The simulataneous use of two organisms has the advantage of the available tools in Neurospora to rapidly advance the functional analysis of genes involved in spore germination and development of an economically important fungal phytopathogen. Towards this we have isolated a protein kinase gene from C. trifolii (TB3) that is maximally expressed during the first hour of conidial germination and prior to any visible gene tube formation. Based on sequence similarities with other organisms, this gene is likely to be involved in the proliferative response in the fungus. In addition, TB3 was able to functionally complement a N. crassa mutant (COT-1). Pharmacological studies indicated the importance of calmodulin in both germination and appressorium differentiation. Using an antisense vector from N. crassa, direct inhibition of calmodulin results in prevention of differentiation as well as pathogenicity. Both cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) like genes have been cloned from C. trifolii. Biochemical inhibition of PKA prevents germination; biochemical inhibitors of PKC prevents appressorium differentiation. In order to analyze reversible phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism, some ser.thr dephosphorylative events have also been analyzed. Type 2A and Type 2B (calcineurin) phosphatases have been identified and structurally and functionally analyzed in N. crassa during this project. Both phosphatases are essential for hyphal growth and maintenance of proper hyphal architecture. In addition, a first novel-type (PPT/PP5-like) ser/thr phosphatase has been identified in a filamentous fungus. The highly collaborative project has improved our understanding of a fundamental process in fungi, and has identified targets which can be used to develop new approaches for control of fungal plant pathogens as well as improve the performance of beneficial fungi in the field and in industry. In addition, the feasibility of molecular technology transfer in comparative mycology has been demonstrated.
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Becker, William K., William G. Cioffi, McManus Jr, Kim Albert T., McManus Seung H., and William F. Fungal Burn Wound Infection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada245443.

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Grigoriev, Igor V. JGI Fungal Genomics Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012482.

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Covo, Shay, and Li-Jun Ma. Fungal-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors, novel players in combating pathogenic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604271.bard.

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Prusky, Dov, Lisa Vaillancourt, and Robert Fluhr. Host Ammonification by Postharvest Pathogens and its Contribution to Fungal Colonization and Symptom Development. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592640.bard.

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Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables caused by pathogenic and saprophytic fungi significantly impairs the quality and quantity of fresh produce brought to market. Consequently, there is considerable interest in identifying factors that determine the susceptibility of these commodities to pathogen infection. Insidious postharvest decays remain quiescent during fruit growth and harvest, but activate during the postharvest period. A key response to the physiological changes occurring during fruit ripening is the initiation of ammonium secretion by the pathogen. Ammonium ions at the infection site (ammonification) have subsequent effects on both the pathogen and the host. An accompanying alkalinization process resulting from ammonia accumulation contributes to pathogenicity, since some important fungal virulence factors, (such as pectate lyase in Colletotrichum sp.), are significantly expressed only under alkaline conditions. In this proposal, investigated the mechanisms by which ammonification and alkalinization of infected tissues by the pathogen affect the host’s defense response to fungal attack, and instead increase compatibility during postharvest pathogen-host interactions. Our hypotheses were:1) that host signals, including ripening-related changes, induce secretion of ammonia by the pathogen; 2) that ammonia accumulation, and the resultant environmental alkalinization regulate the expression of fungal virulence genes that are essential for postharvest rot development; 3) that ammonification enhanced fungal colonization, by “suppression of host responses”, including production of reactive oxygen species, activation of superoxide, and polyphenol oxidase production. Our objectives were: to analyze: 1) factor(s) which activate the production and secretion of ammonia by the fungus; 2) fungal gene(s) that play role(s) in the ammonification process; 3) the relationship between ammonification and the activation of host defense response(s) during pathogen colonization; and 4) analyze hostgene expression in alkalinized regions of fruits attacked by hemibiotrophic fungi.
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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Characterization of the chorismate mutase effector (SsCm1) from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600027.bard.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a filamentous fungus (mold) that causes plant disease. It has an extremely wide range of hosts (>400 species) and causes considerable damage (annual multimillion dollar losses) in economically important crops. It has proven difficult to control (culturally or chemically) and host resistance to this fungus has generally been inadequate. It is believed that this fungus occurs in almost every country. Virulence of this aggressive pathogen is bolstered by a wide array of plant cell wall degrading enzymes and various compounds (secondary metabolites) produced by the fungus. It is well established that plant pathogenic fungi secrete proteins and small molecules that interact with host cells and play a critical role in disease development. Such secreted proteins have been collectively designated as “effectors”. Plant resistance against some pathogens can be mediated by recognition of such effectors. Alternatively, effectors can interfere with plant defense. Some such effectors are recognized by the host plant and can culminate in a programmed cell death (PCD) resistant response. During the course of this study, we analyzed an effector in Sclerotiniasclerotiorum. This specific effector, SsCM1 is the protein chorismatemutase, which is an enzyme involved in a pathway which is important in the production of important amino acids, such a Tryptophan. We have characterized the Sclerotiniaeffector, SsCM1, and have shown that inactivation of Sscm1 does not affect fungal vegetative growth, development or production of oxalic acid (one of this fungus’ secondary metabolites associated with disease) production. However, yhis does result in reduced fungal virulence. We show that, unexpectedly, the SsCM1 protein translocates to the host chloroplast, and demonstrated that this process is required for full fungal virulence. We have also determined that the fungal SsCM1 protein can interact with similar proteins produced by the host. In addition, we have shown that the fungal SsCM1 is able to suppress at least some of the effects imposed by reactive oxygen species which are produced as a defense mechanism by the host. Last, but not least, the results of our studies have provided evidence contradicting the current dogma on at least some of the mechanist aspects of how this pathogen infects the host. Contrary to previousons, indicating that this pathogen kills its host by use of metabolites and enzymes that degrade the host tissue (a process called necrotrophy), we now know that at least in the early phases of infection, the fungus interacts with live host tissue (a phenomenon known as biotrophy). Taken together, the results of our studies provide novel insights concerning the mechanistic aspects of Sclerotinia-host interactions. We hope this information will be used to interfere with the disease cycle in a manner that will protect plants from this devastating fungus.
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Trautschold, Olivia Carol, and Nicholas Gerardo Parra-Vasquez. Additive Manufacturing: Bio-Compatible Fungal Columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483487.

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Wickes, Brian L. Molecular Identification of Human Fungal Pathogens. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485729.

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Wickes, Brian L. Molecular Identification of Human Fungal Pathogens. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503794.

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Kuz'michevl, Evgeny P., Ella s. Sokolova, and Elena G. Kulikova. Common fungal diseases of Russian forests. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-279.

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