Academic literature on the topic 'Fundamental hemostasis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fundamental hemostasis"
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Kondratiev, M. V., A. S. Petrova, A. S. Gryzunova, S. N. Lavrentiev, N. I. Zakharova, O. F. Serova, V. A. Krasnova, and K. B. Zhybanisheva. "Changes in primary and secondary hemostasis as a predictor of adverse neonatal outcomes in birth asphyxia." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 18, no. 1 (2023): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-1-103-110.
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The hemostatic system is complex and evolves continuously since gestation and well into the adult years, in a process known as “developmental hemostasis”. This article presents information about the functioning of the hemostatic system in normal and pathological conditions (birth asphyxia) in newborns, reflects fundamental differences in hemostatic functioning during the neonatal period and the possibilities in maintaining normal hemostasis in conditions of physiological deficiency of both clotting factors and the anticoagulant system. The article highlights various methods of diagnosing the hemostatic system used in neonatology. The so-called global hemostasis tests are being introduced into neonatal practice. The study of hemostasis using thromboelastography technique allows to correct for the patient's real body temperature and estimate both the interaction of platelets and clotting factors and examine the plasma hemostasis component in isolation. The effects of neonatal asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia procedures on the hemostatic system are poorly understood. This review article attempts to summarize the data available in the world scientific literature concerning this problem. Key words: newborns, developing hemostasis, asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, thromboelastography, coagulation, therapeutic hypothermia
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Romantsov, Mikhail N., Eugene F. Cherednikov, Aleksandr Anatolevich Glukhov, and Constantine O. Fursov. "New technologies of endoscopic hemostasis in a treatment protocol of patients with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2018-11-1-16-23.
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Relevance of research. Acute gastroduodenal bleeding is remaining a difficult and largely unsolved problem up to day. The fundamental importance in treating this category of patients is an endoscopic hemostasis. The decisive point in this problem is the most stable hemostasis and preventing a recurrence of a hemorrhage. In this regard, the search of new solutions and the development of known methods of treatment of the gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding is an important issue.
Aim of research. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment protocol of patients with the gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding by applying combined endoscopic insufflations of hemostatic agents and a diovin as an integral part of a complex therapy.
Materials and methods. The research is based on results of treatment of the patients with the gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding being in a medical setting at the departments of surgery at Voronezh city clinical emergency hospital №1. During the treatment of the main group (59 patients) there was used an integrated approach with the usage of powdered hemostatic agents of gelplastan and lyophilisate NovoSeven in combination with diovin in the endoscopic treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding. There were used the traditional well-known methods of the endoscopic hemostasis without the usage of hemostatic agents and absorbent grains in treatment of the control group (56 patients).
Results and discussion. The evaluation of results of patients’ treatment with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding was performed according to the figures of the final hemostasis, the frequency of recurrent bleeding, the prevention of emergency operations, the rates of mortality, the duration of hospitalization. The developed protocol of the patients’ treatment with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding with the usage of combined the endoscopic insufflation of two hemostatics and diovin makes it possible to achieve the maximum persistent hemostasis at 94.9% of patients, to reduce the risk of recurrent hemorrhages by 2.5 times, to prevent emergency operations and, as a result, to reduce the lethality.
Conclusion. The usage of new technologies of endoscopic hemostasis by the hemostatic pneumoinsufflation gelplastan and lyophilisate NovoSeven in combination with diovin in the treatment of patients with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding allows to reduce the risk of recurrent hemorrhage from 12,5% to 5,01% (by 2,5 times), to prevent emergency operations, to reduce the lethality from 3,65% to 1,7% (by 2,1 times) and to reduce the period of staying in the hospital from 10,2 to 7,4 bed days (p<0.05).
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Scridon, Alina. "Platelets and Their Role in Hemostasis and Thrombosis—From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 12772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112772.
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Hemostasis is a physiological process critical for survival. Meanwhile, thrombosis is amongst the leading causes of death worldwide, making antithrombotic therapy one of the most crucial aspects of modern medicine. Although antithrombotic therapy has progressed tremendously over the years, it remains far from ideal, and this is mainly due to the incomplete understanding of the exceptionally complex structural and functional properties of platelets. However, advances in biochemistry, molecular biology, and the advent of ‘omics’ continue to provide crucial information for our understanding of the complex structure and function of platelets, their interactions with the coagulation system, and their role in hemostasis and thrombosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive view of the complex role that platelets play in hemostasis and thrombosis, and we discuss the major clinical implications of these fundamental blood components, with a focus on hemostatic platelet-related disorders and existing and emerging antithrombotic therapies. We also emphasize a number of questions that remain to be answered, and we identify hotspots for future research.
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Davis, Jessica, Stephen Caldwell, and Nicolas Intagliata. "Coagulation Pathways, Hemostasis, and Thrombosis in Liver Failure." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 05 (October 2018): 598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673658.
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AbstractAchieving hemostasis, preventing and treating thrombosis, and laboratory measurement of the hemostatic pathways constitute the core elements of managing the critically ill patient with liver failure. Uncontrolled bleeding in acutely decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure is probably the most familiar clinical challenge to intensivists. Bleeding in these patients can be broadly divided into pressure-driven (portal hypertension-related) bleeding with only limited dependence on hemostatic pathways and intractable mucosal/wound bleeding, which is much more directly related to a severely disturbed hemostatic system with imbalances in the coagulation cascade and the fibrinolytic system. Both types of bleeding can occur simultaneously and may even coexist with inappropriate thrombosis such as portal vein thrombosis or venous thromboembolism. Due to the fundamental role of the liver in coagulation factor synthesis and its direct and indirect regulation of nearly all aspects of the hemostatic system, laboratory measurements of coagulation pathways also constitute key aspects of all prognostic scores that guide clinical decisions and forecast optimal interventions in both acute and chronic forms of liver failure.
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Starlinger, Patrick, James P. Luyendyk, and Dafna J. Groeneveld. "Hemostasis and Liver Regeneration." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 46, no. 06 (September 2020): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715450.
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AbstractThe liver is unique in its remarkable regenerative capacity, which enables the use of liver resection as a treatment for specific liver diseases, including removal of neoplastic liver disease. After resection, the remaining liver tissue (i.e, liver remnant) regenerates to maintain normal hepatic function. In experimental settings as well as patients, removal of up to two-thirds of the liver mass stimulates a rapid and highly coordinated process resulting in the regeneration of the remaining liver. Mechanisms controlling the initiation and termination of regeneration continue to be discovered, and many of the fundamental signaling pathways controlling the proliferation of liver parenchymal cells (i.e., hepatocytes) have been uncovered. Interestingly, while hemostatic complications (i.e., bleeding and thrombosis) are primarily thought of as a complication of surgery itself, strong evidence suggests that components of the hemostatic system are, in fact, powerful drivers of liver regeneration. This review focuses on the clinical and translational evidence supporting a link between the hemostatic system and liver regeneration, and the mechanisms whereby the hemostatic system directs liver regeneration discovered using experimental settings.
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White, J. G. "Morphological and Functional Aspects of Cellular Hemostatic Mechanisms." Hämostaseologie 16, no. 02 (April 1996): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656643.
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SummaryTransmission, scanning and low-voltage, high resolution scanning electron microscopy have provided fundamental knowledge of relationships between plate-let structure and function. In combination with ultrastructural cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry, basic aspects of shape change, pseudopod extension, internal transformation, secretion, adhesion, aggregation, spreading, hemostatic plug formation and thrombus development have been defined. The morphological events of the platelet reaction in hemostasis have been linked to biochemical alterations. The result is a comprehensive picture of cellular aspects of hemosta-sis. This knowledge provides a basis for designing programs of treatment for heart attacks, strokes and other occlusive vascular disorders, as well as for their prevention.
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Thattaliyath, Bijoy, Matthew Cykowski, and Pudur Jagadeeswaran. "Young thrombocytes initiate the formation of arterial thrombi in zebrafish." Blood 106, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-10-4118.
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The zebrafish system is an excellent vertebrate genetic model to study hemostasis and thrombosis because saturation mutagenesis screens can identify novel genes that play a role in this vital physiologic pathway. To study hemostatic mutations, it is important to understand the physiology of zebrafish hemostasis and thrombosis. Previously, we identified zebrafish thrombocytes and have shown that they participate in arterial thrombus formation. Here, we recognized 2 populations of thrombocytes distinguishable by DiI-C18 (DiI) staining. DiI+ thrombocytes have a high density of adhesive receptors and are functionally more active than DiI– thrombocytes. We classified DiI+ thrombocytes as young and DiI– thrombocytes as mature thrombocytes. We found young and mature thrombocytes each formed independent clusters and that young thrombocytes clustered first. We have also shown that young thrombocytes initiate arterial thrombus formation. We propose that due to the increased adhesive receptor density on young thrombocytes, they adhere first to the subendothelial matrix, get activated rapidly, release agonists, and recruit more young thrombocytes, which further release more agonists. This increase in agonists activates the less active mature thrombocytes, drawing them to the growing thrombus. Since arterial thrombus formation is a fundamental hemostatic event, this mechanism may be conserved in mammals and may open new avenues for prevention of arterial thrombosis.
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Ono, Akiko, Erik Westein, Sarah Hsiao, Warwick S. Nesbitt, Justin R. Hamilton, Simone M. Schoenwaelder, and Shaun P. Jackson. "Identification of a fibrin-independent platelet contractile mechanism regulating primary hemostasis and thrombus growth." Blood 112, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-12-127001.
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Abstract A fundamental property of platelets is their ability to transmit cytoskeletal contractile forces to extracellular matrices. While the importance of the platelet contractile mechanism in regulating fibrin clot retraction is well established, its role in regulating the primary hemostatic response, independent of blood coagulation, remains ill defined. Real-time analysis of platelet adhesion and aggregation on a collagen substrate revealed a prominent contractile phase during thrombus development, associated with a 30% to 40% reduction in thrombus volume. Thrombus contraction developed independent of thrombin and fibrin and resulted in the tight packing of aggregated platelets. Inhibition of the platelet contractile mechanism, with the myosin IIA inhibitor blebbistatin or through Rho kinase antagonism, markedly inhibited thrombus contraction, preventing the tight packing of aggregated platelets and undermining thrombus stability in vitro. Using a new intravital hemostatic model, we demonstrate that the platelet contractile mechanism is critical for maintaining the integrity of the primary hemostatic plug, independent of thrombin and fibrin generation. These studies demonstrate an important role for the platelet contractile mechanism in regulating primary hemostasis and thrombus growth. Furthermore, they provide new insight into the underlying bleeding diathesis associated with platelet contractility defects.
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Tarasova, L. N. "Zubairov D.M. Molecular basis of blood coagulation and thrombosis. - Kazan, 2000 - Circulation 1000 copies. - 364 p." Kazan medical journal 82, no. 5 (October 15, 2001): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj84133.
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The book by Prof. D.M. Zubairov is devoted to the actual problem - the study of molecular and regulatory mechanisms of hemostasis and their disorders. The publication of this fundamental scientific work of an authoritative scientist, known not only in our country but also abroad, is very timely.
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Jain, Mukesh. "Kruppel-Like Factors in Thrombosis and Hemostasis." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): SCI—45—SCI—45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-109558.
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Abstract Armed with the appreciation that the blood and vascular system share common origins and cooperate to ensure fundamental processes (e.g. blood flow/fluidity, oxygen/nutrient delivery, immunity) essential for organismal survival, we posited that shared molecular pathways may be operative in coordinating the function of both systems. Over the past 2 decades, studies from our group and others have identified a family of transcription factors termed Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) as essential for development, differentiation, and function of cellular constituents of both the hematopoietic and vascular systems. In this presentation, discussion will focus on the role KLFs in control of endothelium and myeloid cell biology in physiology and disease. Specifically, cellular and in vivo evidence will be discussed implicating KLFs as master regulators of all cardinal endothelial functions (permeability, vasoreactivity, blood fluidity, and inflammation). Further, studies demonstrating KLF-control of myeloid cell development, subset specification, and pro-inflammatory activation will be reviewed with particular emphasis on results of efforts altering myeloid KLFs in the context of acute (e.g. bacterial infection, sepsis) and chronic (e.g. atherosclerosis, arterial/venous thrombosis) inflammatory processes. Correlative studies in human subjects will be presented. And finally, insights into how targeting KLFs can be exploited for therapeutic gain will be discussed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fundamental hemostasis"
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Poenou, Géraldine. "Assemblage de la machinerie moléculaire de la coagulation : apprendre de l'évolution adaptative du Facteur X de venin de serpent." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS042.
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L'hémostase humaine est régulée par l'activité de complexes enzyme-cofacteurs macromoléculaires qui nécessitent une surface membranaire chargée négativement pour leur assemblage. Outre l'organisation spatiale des réactions de coagulation lors de lésions vasculaires, la formation du complexe FX / FV à la surface phospholipidique permet l'amplification de la conversion de la FIl en Flla. Cependant, les connaissances sur les mécanismes moléculaires précis du phénomène d'amplification de l'hémostase à la surface de membrane lipidique sont incomplètes. L'objectif est de préciser les connaissances des mécanismes moléculaires du peptide d'activation sur le FX, le rôle du domaine Gla de la sérine protéase le FXa et du variant résistant aux anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD) qui régulent l'assemblage des complexes enzyme-cofacteur, complexes conduisant à la coagulation sanguine. En particulier, dans ce travail de thèse est étudié : 1/ le rôle dans l'évolution de la longueur du peptide d'activation du FX du venin de serpent et notamment un rôle potentiel dans la vitesse d'activation du FX et de l'amplification du phénomène de coagulation. 2/ le rôle du domaine GLA de la sérine protéase le FXa lié à la surface des phospholipides, qui associé au facteur Va convertit la Flla en FIl, une étape clé de la coagulation sanguine. Des variantes de ces protéines présentant des propriétés procoagulantes améliorées peuvent être trouvées dans la nature, avec, comme exemple le plus frappant, les protéines FVa-Xa exprimées dans le venin du serpent commun australien Pseudonaja textilisHuman hemostasis is regulated by the activity of enzyme-cofactor complexes macromolecular molecules that require a negatively charged membrane surface for their assembly. In addition to the spatial organization of coagulation reactions during vascular lesions, the formation of the FX/FV complex on the phospholipid surface allows the amplification of the conversion of FIl to Flla. However, the knowledge on the precise molecular mechanisms of the phenomenon of amplification of hemostasis on the lipid membrane surface are incomplete. The objective is to clarify the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the peptide activation on FX, the role of the Gla domain of the serine protease Fa and the variant resistant to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that regulate the assembly of enzyme-cofactor complexes, complexes leading to blood clotting. In this thesis is studied 1/ the role in the evolution of the length of the FX activation peptide of the venom of snake and in particular a potential role in the speed of activation of the FX and the amplification of the coagulation phenomenon. 2/ the role of the GLA domain of the serine protease FXa linked to the surface of phospholipids, which associated with factor Va converts Flla into Fil, a key step in blood clotting. Variants of these proteins exhibiting properties Enhanced procoagulants can be found in nature, with, as an example most strikingly, the FVa-Xa proteins expressed in common snake venom Australian Pseudonaja textilis
Books on the topic "Fundamental hemostasis"
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Denise, Harmening, ed. Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis. 4th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co., 2002.
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Denise, Harmening, ed. Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis. 5th ed. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co., 2009.
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Denise, Harmening, ed. Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co., 1997.
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Denise, Harmening, ed. Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Davis, 1992.
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Denise, Harmening, ed. Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis. Philadelphia: Davis, 1987.
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Fundamentals of clinical hematology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997.
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(Editor), Arthur Sasahara, and Joseph Loscalzo (Editor), eds. New Therapeutic Agents in Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, Second Edition, (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology, V. 46). 2nd ed. Informa Healthcare, 2002.
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(Editor), Jane E. Freedman, and Joseph Loscalzo (Editor), eds. New Therapeutic Agents in Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, Third Edition (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology). 3rd ed. Informa Healthcare, 2009.
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Harmening, Denise M. Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of Hemostasis. 4th ed. F. A. Davis Company, 2001.
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Lewis, Perkins, Bradley, Denise M. Harmening, Avanzini, Specht, Pfafflin, et al. Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of Hemostasis. 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fundamental hemostasis"
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Deziel, Daniel J. "Fundamentals of Surgical Hemostasis." In Fundamentals of General Surgery, 119–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75656-1_8.
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Mussbacher, Marion, Julia B. Kral-Pointner, Manuel Salzmann, Waltraud C. Schrottmaier, and Alice Assinger. "Mechanisms of Hemostasis: Contributions of Platelets, Coagulation Factors, and the Vessel Wall." In Fundamentals of Vascular Biology, 145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12270-6_8.
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Schafer, Andrew I. "Overview of Hemostasis andFibrinolysis." In Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology Series, 1–8. Informa Healthcare, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420069242.001.
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Kumar, Sunil, Shravan Kumar Paswan, Pritt Verma, Akanksha, RamKishor Sah, Sajal Srivastava, and Chandana Venketswara Rao. "Current Understanding to Accelerate Wound Healing: Mechanism and Clinical Importance." In Recent Advances in Wound Healing. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101429.
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Wound mending is a complex organic cycle that brings about the reclamation of tissue honesty. Physiologically, it very well may be separated into four particular periods of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling (redesigning). This chapter portrays the cellular premise of wound mending and extracellular flagging cycles, which is responsible to control them. The capacity of fibroblasts, neutrophils, platelets, and macrophages is contemplated exhaustively. The idea of mending by essential and optional expectation is talked about. Numerous components are known to unfavorably influence mending including undernourishment, hypoxia, immunosuppression, ongoing sickness, and medical procedure. It is fundamental that specialists comprehend the key physiological cycles associated with mending to limit patient illness from postponed recuperating.
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Historical Perspectives in Hemostasis, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis: A Foundation for Understanding Thrombotic Disorders and Developing Effective Treatment." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0005.
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Hemostasis, the prompt cessation of bleeding at a site of vascular injury, is among the most fundamental physiologic and teleologically vital defense mechanisms in nature. Without a functionally intact hemostatic mechanism, death could ensue rapidly even after minor traumas associated with everyday life. In mammalian blood coagulation, regulated by a complex network of integrated biochemical events, five protease factors (f ) (fIIa [thrombin], fVIIa, fIXa, fXa, and protein C) interact with five cofactors (tissue factor, f VIIIa, fVa, thrombomodulin, and protein S) to regulate the generation of fibrin (Davidson et al., 2003). Although each component of the mammalian coagulation network has unique functional properties, available data based on gene organizations, protein structure, and sequence analysis suggest that it may have resulted from the reduplication and diversification of two gene structures over 400 million years ago. A vitamin K–dependent serine protease is composed of a γ-carboxylated glutamic acid (GLA) epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) 1–EGF 2-serine protease domain structure common to fVII, fIX, fX, and protein C, and the A1-A2-B-AB-C1-C2 domain structure common to fV and fVIII. Prothrombin is also a vitamin K–dependent serine protease; however, it contains kringle domains rather than EGF domains (suggesting a replacement during gene duplication and shuffling). Analyses of active site function amino acid residues reveal distinguishing characteristics of thrombin from other serine proteases, supporting its position as the ancestral blood enzyme (Krem and Cera, 2002; McLysaght et al., 2002). The rapid transformation of fluid blood to a gel-like substance (clot) has been a topic of great interest to scientists, physicians, and philosophers since the days of Plato and Aristotle ( Jewett, 1892; Lee, 1952). However, it was not until the beginning of the 18th century that blood clotting (coagulation) was appreciated as a means to stem blood loss from wounds (hemostasis) (Petit, 1731). As with other areas of science, the microscope played a pivotal role in the understanding of coagulation. In the mid-17th century, Marcello Malpighi separated the individual components of a blood clot into fibers, cells, and serum (Forester, 1956).
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Alves, Karone Mares Santos, Sara Cordeiro Cordeiro, Viviane Amaral Toledo Coelho, Ednardo de Souza Nascimento, Luanna Botelho Souto de Araújo, Carla Giselly de Souza, Creonice Santos Bigatello, Virginia Torres Alves, Ane Maria Brant Alves Rêgo, and Leonardo Henrique Guimarães Reis. "CONSEQUÊNCIAS QUANTO AO USO INDISCRIMINADO E À PROMOÇÃO DO USO RACIONAL DO PARACETAMOL." In Promoção da Saúde: conceito, estratégia e prevenção em pesquisa - Volume 2, 42–58. Editora Científica Digital, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/230613368.
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O paracetamol ou acetaminofeno é um fármaco de propriedades analgésica e antitérmica, com fraca ação anti-inflamatória, considerado dentre os medicamentos mais consumidos. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve objetivo através da revisão da literatura especializada enfatizar a contribuição do profissional farmacêutico perante a sociedade para a promoção da saúde. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido através de uma revisão bibliográfica, exploratória, descritiva. Após consulta aos descritores identificaram-se as palavras-chave: Paracetamol; Hepatoxicidade; Hemostasia; Acetaminofeno; Automedicação. O paracetamol mostrou-se seguro em doses corretas, mas as intoxicações podem gerar lesão hepática grave. Através de estratégias simples é possível verificar a diminuição significativa do número de erros associados à terapêutica, sendo fundamental o papel do farmacêutico, seja na orientação durante a dispensação, seja educando a comunidade sobre o uso do medicamento.
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Pramanick, Bidhan, and Aishwarya G. Patil. "Minimally Invasive Microneedle: A Novel Approach for Drug Delivery System and Infected Wound Care Management." In Wound Healing - Recent Advances and Future Opportunities [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105771.
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Chronic wound healing has become an area of fundamental research. Wound healing for a diabetic patient is one of the significant challenges in the biomedical field. Diabetes is a globally challenging disease that has affected around 400 million people. Many therapeutic factors are introduced to treat chronic wounds, with minimal success due to difficulty in delivery of the drug to the wound location. Microneedle patches are considered an efficient medical treatment procedure to address wound healing problems. The wound healing is accelerated, and the bacterial infection is inhibited by the devices based on microneedle with the loaded active drugs (including hemostatic drugs, bacterial drugs, and anti-inflammatory drugs). The wound healing process is generally divided into three steps: inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. This chapter will discuss the significant challenges and the advantages of microneedle applications in chronic wound healing.
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Tian, Ning, and Junping Zhang. "Superhydrophobic Coatings on Textiles and Papers." In Advances in Superhydrophobic Coatings, 307–34. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837670031-00307.
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Superhydrophobic textiles and papers have attracted considerable attention due to their unique wettability and great potential for applications in fundamental research and industrial areas. In this chapter, first methods for the fabrication of superhydrophobic textiles and papers by increasing the surface roughness and decreasing the surface energy are overviewed, then the evaluation of their superhydrophobicity is summarized. The most frequently used parameters are contact angle, sliding angle, water shedding angle, water repellency grade and hydrostatic pressure resistance. Low mechanical durability is a key issue restricting their application. The mechanical durability is usually evaluated by abrasion, washing, impact, stretching and torsion tests, etc. To improve the mechanical durability, covalent bonding, cross-linking in coatings, employment of elastic composites, self-healing and multi-layer design are the approaches usually adopted. Finally, functionalization of superhydrophobic textiles and papers is introduced, including self-cleaning, hemostatic textiles and oil–water separation, anti-scalding, anti-bacterial and flame-retardant properties. For the further development and applications of superhydrophobic textiles and papers, high mechanical durability, environmentally friendly fabrication methods and low preparation costs are the main challenges. Waterborne, durable, non-toxic and low-cost superhydrophobic textiles and papers are desired, and purposeful design and functionalization of superhydrophobic textiles and papers are also necessary for their real-world applications.
Conference papers on the topic "Fundamental hemostasis"
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Bezerra, Thaiane Fernanda Marques Barros, Eduarda Erika Ursulino Matos, Silvana Maria De Morais Campos, Carla Mikaela Brandão Santos, and Waleska Mendonça Paes Silva. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DA VITAMINA K COMO FATOR DE PREVENÇÃO PARA DISTÚRBIOS ADQUIRIDOS DA HEMOSTASIA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/40.
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Introdução: A hemostasia baseia-se no mecanismo de bloqueio de uma ruptura vascular, o que garante a integridade desses vasos por meio dos fatores da coagulação sanguínea. Algumas alterações nos fatores de coagulação podem acarretar distúrbios que comprometam o processo de coagulação e consequentemente a hemostasia vascular, como a deficiência da vitamina K a qual é fundamental para a síntese dos carreadores da coagulação. A sua significância no que concerne a clínica médica provém das anormalidades hemostáticas desencadeadas pelos distúrbios adquiridos provenientes da carência da vitamina K. Objetivos: Analisar como a deficiência da vitamina K está associada aos distúrbios adquiridos de coagulação no processo hemostático atrelado aos fatores de risco, como má absorção intestinal de vitaminas, uso contínuo de antibióticos orais e quadros ictéricos graves, averiguando os distúrbios causados na coagulação sanguínea que interferem na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Material e métodos: O estudo efetuado foi de caráter analítico propiciando a elaboração de avaliações comparativas dos estudos bibliográficos encontrados na base de dados SciELO, utilizando os seguintes descritores: vitamina K, hemostasia, prática clínica, distúrbios de coagulação. Resultados: Foi apurado que a vitamina K é um cofator constituinte da formação do ácido gama carboxiglutâmico, atuando como precursor da coagulação sanguínea. Logo, uma má absorção intestinal da vitamina, ocasionada pelas mais diversas patologias - síndrome de má absorção intestinal, obstrução biliar, fibrose cística, dentre outros - ou ainda, uma ingestão diária inferior a 1mg/kg resultam em um quadro de hipoprotrombinemia que aumentam o risco de hemorragias. Ademais, algumas classes de antibióticos, a exemplo das cefalosporinas, tem habilidade de impedir a epoxi-redutase de vitamina K, inibindo seu ciclo. Sobre pacientes com icterícia obstrutiva que tiveram o comprometimento da hemostasia, os estudos demonstraram uma concomitância entre a faixa etária dos pacientes e a atividade dos fatores de coagulação vitamina K dependentes, além de uma diminuição significativa na atividade dos mesmos. Conclusão: O conhecimento específico acerca da hemostasia atrelado a deficiência da vitamina K e seus fatores de risco possibilitará um maior controle das alterações adquiridas sobre a coagulação através de medidas profiláticas precoces, bem como proporcionará estudos direcionados facilitando os diagnósticos e seus respectivos tratamentos.
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Gustavo Cavalcante Rego, Pedro. "Princípios fundamentais da cirurgia oncológica em pequenos animais." In Congresso Online Acadêmico de Medicina Veterinária. Congresse.me, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/preg7276.
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A ressecção cirúrgica é a mais antiga terapia que apresenta efetivo controle da evolução de um câncer, seus primeiros príncipios, normas e recomendações foram instituidos no século XlX por William Halsted e desde essa época, a cirurgia oncológica vem aperfeiçoando-se em busca de garantir o melhor tratamento para os diversos pacientes. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou destacar os princípios e métodos gerais da intervenção cirúrgica em pacientes oncológicos através de pesquisa bibliográfica em artigos científicos, teses e monografias sobre o assunto. A cirurgia oncológica tem como objetivo principal realizar a resseccção completa do tumor atentando-se a sua capacidade de invasão tecidual e, dessa forma, obedecendo margens de segurança ao realizar a extração. De forma geral, aconselha-se distâncias de 1 a 3 cm em todas as direções, inclusive em profundidade. Todavia, a técnica a ser utilizada baseia-se no tipo da neoplasia, tamanho e a região onde se encontra, portanto, pode-se classificar a excisão de acordo com a dissecação tecidual realizada, variando entre intracapsular, marginal, ampla e radical. A ressecção intracapsular ocorrerá quando houver dissecação da pseudocápsula, nessa técnica haverá uma redução do tumor, porém, persistirá doença macroscópica no sítio cirúrgico. Tem-se uma ressecção marginal quando há extração do tumor próximo a pseudocápsula, neste método, pode-se observar, ainda, doença microscópica residual. A ressecção marginal e a ressecção intracapsular só são indicadas em casos onde não é possível retirar o tumor completamente ou o mesmo é de natureza benigna. Na técnica cirúrgica ampla, o tumor será removido com a segurança da margem de tecido normal completa enquanto a radical consistirá na retirada da estrutura anatômica que contém o tumor. Outro princípio fundamental para obter sucesso na cirurgia oncológica é a manipulação delicada dos tecidos neoplásicos, pois, o manuseio do tecido tumoral pode resultar no desprendimento de células neoplásicas dentro da região onde está ocorrendo o procedimento cirúrgico. Além disso, as células neoplásicas também estão presentes na circulação sanguínea, dessa forma, é imprescindível que haja uma hemostasia precoce dos vasos sanguíenos no momento da resseccção buscando evitar o derramamento destas células através do sangue no sítio cirúrgico. Observa-se também, que, a cirurgia oncológica dispões de diversas finalidades, sendo elas: Diagnóstico, pois, a biópsia ou extração cirúrgica é seguida de avaliação histopatológica, dessa forma, pode-se classificar o tumor, estabelecer terapias e ter um prognóstico. Tratamento, onde pode-se realizar ressescção do tumor primário ou de doença metastática, retirada de linfonodos regionais, ou até, intervenção cirúrgica com fim paliativo. Por último, objetivando prevenção, por exemplo, no caso da castração das fêmeas para prevenir a formação de neoplasias mamárias. Por fim, diante dos fatos apresentados anteriormente, podemos observar que a cirurgia oncológica é de suma importância quando se busca garantir longevidade e saúde aos pacientes, além disso, seus princípios são bem fundamentados cientificamente e quando aplicados de forma correta, contribuem imensamente com o sucesso dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Resumo - Sem apresentação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cirurgia oncológica, Células neoplásicas, Ressecção cirúrgica, Tumor
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Mendes, Maria Luiza. "ALTERAÇÕES EM PARÂMETROS DA COAGULAÇÃO EM QUADROS DE COVID-19." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/109.
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Introdução: a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), é uma síndrome inflamatória causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Esse vírus dispõe de uma afinidade por células que estão presentes em vários órgãos. Entretanto, o sistema cardiovascular, renal e respiratório, são os mais acometidos e estão relacionados com os quadros graves que evoluem rapidamente para óbito. Vinculadas a condições de piora estão alterações relevantes em parâmetros da coagulação. Objetivo: diante do exposto o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a comunidade acadêmico-científica uma breve aclaração a respeito das alterações da coagulação causadas pelo COVID-19. Material e métodos: para o cumprimento do objetivo foram realizadas pesquisas em trabalhos científicos de pessoas que estudaram e abordaram sobre esse tema. Os trabalhos foram encontrados em bases de dados como: Google Acadêmico, PubMed, SciELO, entre outras, onde foram aplicados os termos: COVID-19, fisiopatologia, coagulação. Os trabalhos selecionados foram os que respondiam as seguintes perguntas norteadoras: Como ocorre a fisiopatologia da COVID-19? Por que há alterações da coagulação no organismo infectado por COVID-19? Quais parâmetros da coagulação são alterados na COVID-19? Resultados: o SARS-Cov-2, provoca infecções com sintomas que podem se tornar intensos em curto espaço de tempo. Em estados avançados da doença tem sido observado mudanças significativas na fisiologia da coagulação, isso ocorre em razão da resposta imunológica, pois ela gera alta concentração de citocinas, esse aumento faz com que ocorram anormalidades nas células endoteliais, e mudanças na hemostasia, como: ativação de fator tecidual, agregação plaquetária, ativação da cascata de coagulação pela via intrínseca e extrínseca, elevação de fibrinogênio, e redução da fibrinólise. Isso reduz o tempo de protrombina que associada com fatores pró-coagulantes favorece a formação de coágulos e trombos, com isso contribuindo para a patogenia da COVID-19 em casos graves. Conclusão: em suma, esse vírus, tem um alto potencial patogênico, sendo capaz de causar diversos danos no organismo acometido. Sendo assim, é fundamental que novos estudos continuem sendo realizados para entender de forma mais ampla como funcionam os mecanismos da COVID-19 no sangue, bem como, pesquisas que visem esclarecer de maneira geral o processo de doença desse microrganismo.
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Tavares, Talissa Lima, Luciana Dalva Moutinho de Moura, Carolina Loyola Prest Ferrugini, and Cleverson Gomes do Carmo Junior. "Abordagem multidisciplinar do acretismo placentário com colocação de duplo J e embolização pré-cesárea/histerectomia." In 45º Congresso da SGORJ XXIV Trocando Ideias. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-20211311106.
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Introdução: A placenta acreta (AP) é uma condição patológica de placentação grave associada a parto prematuro e alto risco de hemorragia obstétrica maciça intraparto que afeta a saúde materna em todo o mundo. Na última década, estudos mostraram que o crescimento dos casos da AP é atribuído ao aumento da prevalência de parto cesáreo, e o diagnóstico pré-natal demonstrou diminuir a morbidade materna, tornando-se essencial para melhorar o manejo. Contudo, o envolvimento vesical e/ou de vasos pélvicos pode ocorrer, embora seja raro, resultando em mortalidade materna e fetal expressiva. Relato de caso: Paciente com 31 anos, G5 P5C A0, sem comorbidades, iniciou pré-natal de risco em função de quatro cesáreas prévias e, durante acompanhamento, foi diagnosticada com placenta prévia. Com 30,5 semanas, apresentou quadro de sangramento vaginal com duração inferior a 24 horas, sem outros sintomas associados, e compareceu ao pront-socorro do Hospital Universitário, onde foi internada. Evidenciaram-se por meio de ressonância magnética e ultrassonografia placenta prévia total, acrestimo placentário e suspeita de vasa prévia. Durante a internação realizaram-se dois ciclos de betametasona, e com 34,1 semanas foi indicada a interrupção por cesariana após o planejamento do manejo com uma equipe multidisciplinar. Previamente à cirurgia, um cateter duplo J foi inserido pelo urologista e logo em seguida a equipe de hemodinâmica inseriu um cateter em artérias uterinas para embolização, sem intercorrências. Procedeu-se à histerectomia total, na qual se visualizou acretismo placentário sem evidência de invasão a órgãos adjacentes, e a aderência em útero e bexigas foram desfeitas sem necessidade de embolização das artérias uterinas. Conclusão: A forte associação com cesárea e curetagem prévias ocorre pela formação de uma cicatriz que propicia a inserção inadequada da placenta. Feito o diagnóstico de acretismo placentário e possível invasão da bexiga, a conduta aplicada será a histerectomia total abdominal. É de extrema importância uma equipe multidisciplinar composta de obstetra, cirurgião vascular intervencionista, urologista e transfusionista nesses casos. As complicações incluem sangramento excessivo, coagulação intravascular disseminada, secção ou transfixação de um dos ureteres, sendo necessário segura hemostasia e drenagem da cavidade abdominal e, em alguns casos, passagem profilática de um stent ureteral duplo J. Em resumo, a fisiopatologia do espectro da placenta acreta é complexa. O diagnóstico pode ser feito no transoperatório, por ressonância magnética ou ecografia, e o tratamento vai depender do grau de acretismo. Neste caso de desfecho de sucesso, a abordagem pré-operatória multidisciplinar foi fundamental para prevenir lesões de órgãos adjacentes e sangramento descontrolado intraoperatório, impactando significativamente a morbimortalidade materna.