Relevant bibliographies by topics / Functions and Indoles

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Functions and Indoles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Functions and Indoles"

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Moldvai, István, Eszter Gács-Baitz, and Csaba Szántay. "Chemistry of indoles carrying basic functions. I. Transformation of hydroxyindolones into indoles." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 110, no. 11 (September 2, 2010): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19911101102.

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MOLDVAI, I., E. GACS-BAITZ, and C. SZANTAY. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions. Part 1. Transformation of Hydroxyindolones into Indoles." ChemInform 23, no. 14 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199214194.

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Chang, Chieh-Yu, Yu-Huan Lin, and Yen-Ku Wu. "Palladium-catalyzed N1-selective allylation of indoles with allylic alcohols promoted by titanium tetraisopropoxide." Chemical Communications 55, no. 8 (2019): 1116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09817d.

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Zhai, Yizhan, Xue Zhang, and Shengming Ma. "Stereoselective rhodium-catalyzed 2-C–H 1,3-dienylation of indoles: dual functions of the directing group." Chemical Science 12, no. 34 (2021): 11330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc02167b.

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A rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular highly stereoselective 1,3-dienylation at the 2-position of indoles with non-terminal allenyl carbonates has been developed by using 2-pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl as the directing group.
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Sz�tay, Csaba, Istv� Moldval, Csaba Sz�tay Jr., and Csaba Sz�tay. "Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions. Part II. Synthesis of 4-Substituted Cyclohept[c.d]indoles. A New Entry into the Ring System." HETEROCYCLES 34, no. 2 (1992): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-91-5803.

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Vadaq, Nadira, Yue Zhang, Elise Meeder, Lisa Van de Wijer, Muhammad Hussein Gasem, Leo AB Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, et al. "Microbiome-Related Indole and Serotonin Metabolites are Linked to Inflammation and Psychiatric Symptoms in People Living with HIV." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 15 (January 2022): 117864692211268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786469221126888.

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Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) exhibit dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism. Altered gut microbiome composition in PLHIV might be involved. Mechanistic consequences within the 3 major tryptophan metabolism pathways (serotonin, kynurenine, and indoles), and functional consequences for platelet, immune and behavioral functions are unknown. We investigated plasma tryptophan metabolites, gut microbiome composition, and their association with platelet function, inflammation, and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: This study included 211 PLHIV on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART). Plasma tryptophan pathway metabolites were measured using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Bacterial composition was profiled using metagenomic sequencing. Platelet reactivity and serotonin levels were quantified by flowcytometry and ELISA, respectively. Circulating inflammatory markers were determined using ELISA. Symptoms of depression and impulsivity were measured by DASS-42 and BIS-11 self-report questionnaires, respectively. Results: Plasma serotonin and indole metabolites were associated with gut bacterial composition. Notably, species enriched in PLHIV were associated with 3-methyldioxyindole. Platelet serotonin concentrations were elevated in PLHIV, without effects on platelet reactivity. Plasma serotonin and indole metabolites were positively associated with plasma IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations. Finally, higher tryptophan, serotonin, and indole metabolites were associated with lower depression and anxiety, whereas higher kynurenine metabolites were associated with increased impulsivity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that gut bacterial composition and dysbiosis in PLHIV on ART contribute to tryptophan metabolism, which may have clinical consequences for immune function and behavior.
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MOLDVAI, I., C. JUN SZANTAY, and C. SZANTAY. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions. Part 2. Synthesis of 4- Substituted Cyclohept(c,d)indoles. A New Entry into the Ring System." ChemInform 23, no. 27 (August 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199227169.

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Bock, Karl Walter. "Human and rodent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): from mediator of dioxin toxicity to physiologic AHR functions and therapeutic options." Biological Chemistry 398, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2016-0303.

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Abstract Metabolism of aryl hydrocarbons and toxicity of dioxins led to the discovery of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Tremendous advances have been made on multiplicity of AHR signaling and identification of endogenous ligands including the tryptophan metabolites FICZ and kynurenine. However, human AHR functions are still poorly understood due to marked species differences as well as cell-type- and cell context-dependent AHR functions. Observations in dioxin-poisoned individuals may provide hints to physiologic AHR functions in humans. Based on these observations three human AHR functions are discussed: (1) Chemical defence and homeostasis of endobiotics. The AHR variant Val381 in modern humans leads to reduced AHR affinity to aryl hydrocarbons in comparison with Neanderthals and primates expressing the Ala381 variant while affinity to indoles remains unimpaired. (2) Homeostasis of stem/progenitor cells. Dioxins dysregulate homeostasis in sebocyte stem cells. (3) Modulation of immunity. In addition to microbial defence, AHR may be involved in a ‘disease tolerance defence pathway’. Further characterization of physiologic AHR functions may lead to therapeutic options.
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Duvauchelle, Valentin, David Bénimélis, Patrick Meffre, and Zohra Benfodda. "Catalyst-Free Site Selective Hydroxyalkylation of 5-Phenylthiophen-2-amine with α-Trifluoromethyl Ketones through Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030925.

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An original and effective approach for achieving trifluoromethyl hydroxyalkylation of 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine using α-trifluoromethyl ketones is described. In the last few years, reaction of Friedel-Crafts had been widely used to realize hydroxyalkylation on heterocycles such as indoles or thiophenes by means of Lewis acid as catalyst. Additionally, amine functions are rarely free when carbonyl reagents are used because of their tendency to form imines. This is the first time that a site-selective electrophilic aromatic substitution on C3 atom of an unprotected 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine moiety is reported. The liberty to allow reaction in neutral conditions between free amine is valuable in a synthesis pathway. The reaction proceeds smoothly using an atom-economical metal-and catalyst-free methodology in good to excellent yields. A mechanism similar to an electrophilic aromatic substitution has been proposed.
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Bershtein, L. M. "E. J. Pavlik, ed. Estrogens, progestins and their antagonists. - Vol. 2. Functions and mechanisms of action. - Boston, Basel, Berlin: Bikhauser, 1996 .-- 632 p." Problems of Endocrinology 44, no. 2 (September 23, 2019): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl199844253-54.

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The book under review is part of a lengthy and interesting series for specialists, published by the Birkhauser Publishing House and having the common title Hormones in Normal and Pathological Conditions. The first volume of the book, a review of which is published in Issue 3 of the journal “Oncology Issues” for 1997, deals mainly with the degree of oncological risk of estrogen replacement therapy in menopause, about the not always unambiguous anticarcinogenic properties of phytoestrogens and food indoles, and about modern approaches to hormone therapy for prostate cancer, etc., i.e., mainly about the problems of oncological endocrinology. The 2nd volume of this publication, as its editor E. Pavlik writes in the introduction to the book, is devoted to the physiological and molecular mechanisms of action of estrogens, progestins and their antagonists, and is primarily focused on the discussion of the effect of various and often even opposite effects these compounds in different cells and tissues. A highly qualified team of authors, assembled by the editor, was able to ensure the implementation of this difficult and responsible task.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functions and Indoles"

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Bhasin, Jeffrey M. "Methylome Sequencing Reveals the Context-Specific Functions of DNA Methylation in Indolent Versus Aggressive Prostate Cancer." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case148120498969955.

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Brown, Asha. "Anion recognition and sensing by interlocked host structures incorporating porphyrin and indolo[2,3-a]carbazole functional groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543060.

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Lindström, Ludvig. "How do functional riparian groups from northern Sweden respond to hydropeaking? : Short-term indoors study on germination, mortality and performance of Swedish riparian species from different species groups subjected to water treatments mimicking hydropeaking." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122394.

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With the ever increasing reliance on hydropower in the world, it is important that its effects on riparian vegetation is well understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of different forms of hydropeaking, which results from the rapid and frequent opening and closure of hydroturbines, on different species groups of riparian species native to northern Sweden. Thirteen riparian species belonging to three different species groups, forbs, graminoids and woody species, were subjected to three different watering treatments simulating water stress, rapid fluctuation and prolonged flooding, which often correspond to different hydropeaking conditions. A fourth treatment maintained individuals under controlled conditions and simulated a non-regulated stream. The treatments were carried out over seven weeks. The results showed that the treatments affect the three tested species groups differently. Woody species responded to all treatments with lower germination, higher mortality and lower root elongation, while forbs and graminoids responded to flooding and fluctuation with increased germination but higher mortality and lower root elongation. Fluctuation and flooding had in general positive effects on germination and short term growth but also increased mortality, particularly fluctuation. There were no significant results regarding change in number of leaves for any treatment or species group. As this study only covered seven weeks it can only account for short-term trends, but it still provides interesting information about general expected trends for a wide variety of species native to northern Sweden and belonging to the main three species groups. Such information is key for river management.
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Monroe-Augustus, Melanie. "Genetic approaches to elucidating the mechanisms of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid function in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18669.

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Auxin is an important plant hormone that plays significant roles in plant growth and development, influencing apical dominance, hypocotyl elongation, lateral root initiation, gravitropism, and phototropism. There are two forms of endogenous auxin, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the more abundant indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Auxin signal transduction pathways remain to be fully elucidated, though numerous auxin-response mutants have been identified. IBR5 is a gene potentially involved in auxin signal transduction. The ibr5 mutant has pleiotropic defects including decreased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of auxin, synthetic auxins, auxin transport inhibitors, and the phytohormone abscisic acid. Like certain other auxin-response mutants, ibr5 has a long root and short hypocotyl when grown in the light. Additionally, ibr5 displays aberrant vascular patterning, increased leaf serration, and reduced accumulation of an auxin-inducible reporter. Positional information was used to determine that the gene defective in ibr5 encodes an apparent dual-specificity phosphatase. Using immunoblot and promoter-reporter gene analyses, we found that IBR5 is expressed throughout the plant. The identification of IBR5 relatives in other flowering plants suggests that IBR5 function is conserved throughout angiosperms. The results suggest that IBR5 is a phosphatase modulating phytohormone signal transduction and support a link between auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways. Less is known concerning IBA function, though this auxin is widely used for rooting in commercial and agricultural settings. IBA functions primarily via its conversion to IAA by a process similar to fatty acid beta-oxidation in the peroxisomes. Additionally, IBA may act via its own signaling pathway, separate from IAA. Screens for mutants resistant to the inhibitory effects of IBA that remain sensitive to IAA have revealed 32 mutants to date. These IBA-response mutants have been placed into five distinct classes based on phenotypic analyses of root and hypocotyl elongation following growth on various hormones and unsupplemented medium. Here I characterize eight IBA-response mutants and use positional information to localize the genes defective in these mutants. Analyzing genes involved in IAA and IBA responses will provide a better understanding of the function of auxin in Arabidopsis thaliana and may eventually allow manipulation of the pathways involved to enhance agricultural production.
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"Structure function relationship study of Yuehchukene: a novel type non-oxygen estrogenic compound." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895749.

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Dan Dan Ho.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-144).
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Phytochemistry and Phylogeny --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Biological Activity --- p.9
Chapter 1.3 --- Synthetic Estrogens and Anti-Estrogens --- p.14
Chapter 1.4 --- Estrogen Receptor and Anti-Estrogen Binding Site --- p.19
Chapter 1.5 --- Multiple and dissociated Biological Activity --- p.28
Chapter 1.6 --- A Future Role for Yuehchukene --- p.30
Chapter Chapter Two --- Materials and Methods --- p.35
Chapter 2.1 --- Chemical Synthesis --- p.35
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Synthesis of Yuehchukene --- p.35
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Substitution of Yuehchukene --- p.38
Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Substitution at N-1' and N-5 --- p.38
Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Substitution at C2-C5 --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Saturation of C9-C10 Double Bond --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Aromatic Hydroxylation --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.2.5 --- Synthesis of Benzofuran-3-HMBI --- p.47
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Stereo-selective Synthesis of R(+)- and S(-)-Camphor-yuehchukene --- p.47
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Instruments --- p.51
Chapter 2.2 --- Bioassay --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Anti´ؤimplantation Activity --- p.52
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Uterotrophic Activity --- p.52
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Blue Test --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Binding Assays --- p.54
Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Uterine Cytosolic Estrogen Receptor Binding Assay --- p.54
Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Liver Microsomal Fraction Anti-Estrogen Receptor Binding Assay --- p.55
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Enzyme Activity --- p.56
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity Assay --- p.56
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay --- p.58
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Cell Culture --- p.59
Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- MCF-7 Cell Line --- p.59
Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Growth Response Studies --- p.59
Chapter 2.3 --- Exhibit I --- p.61
Exhibit II --- p.62
Exhibit III --- p.63
Exhibit IV --- p.64
Exhibit V --- p.65
Chapter Chapter Three --- Results --- p.66
Chapter 3.1 --- Chemical Synthesis --- p.66
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Yuehchukene --- p.66
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Substitution of Yuehchukene --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Substitution at N-1' and N-5 --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Substitution at C2 and C5 --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Saturation of C9-C10 Double Bond --- p.70
Chapter 3.1.2.4 --- Aromatic Hydroxylation --- p.71
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Stereo-selective Synthesis of R(+)- and S(-)-Camphor-yuehchukene --- p.72
Chapter 3.2 --- Bioassay --- p.72
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Anti-implantation Activity --- p.72
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Uterotrophic Activity --- p.87
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Blue Test --- p.88
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Binding Assays --- p.93
Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Uterine Estrogen Receptor [3H]-Estradiol Binding Assay --- p.93
Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Liver Microsomal Anti-Estrogen Binding Site [3H] -Tamoxifen Binding Assay --- p.93
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Enzyme Activity --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity Assay --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.6 --- MCF-7 Cell Growth Response --- p.99
Chapter Chapter Four --- Discussion --- p.102
Chapter 4.1 --- Species Specificity --- p.102
Chapter 4.2 --- Estrogenic Indoles --- p.104
Chapter 4.3 --- Conservative Structure --- p.108
Chapter 4.4 --- Hydroxylation Sites --- p.111
Chapter 4.5 --- Configuration and Constraints --- p.114
Chapter 4.6 --- Dissociated Responses --- p.128
Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.132
References --- p.134
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Weng, Yu-Ping, and 翁羽平. "The proteins needed for indole induced biofilm formation and their functions in E. coli DH5α." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35091274753439763951.

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碩士
臺灣大學
生化科學研究所
98
ABSTRACT By using the two-dimensional gel method, we already discovered that when E. coli O157 was exposed to bacitracin, the expression of tryptophanase gene was induced through the EvgS/EvgA two-component system. Tryptophanase then converted tryptophan to indole,which caused biofilm formation as well as a series of related protein expression. In this study, we screened the E. coli DH5α transposon library mutants to find out which genes are crucial for indole induced biofilm formation. These results show that when yhiP, cyaA, trkA, phr, and fimE genes are disrupted by transposon, indole can not induce these mutant strains to form biofilm. By using complementary assays, we confirmed that these genes are truly necessary for Indole induced biofilm formation in E. coli DH5α. Besides, we also used the reporter gene analysis method to further confirm that indole can cause these genes expressions with the promoter activity of yhiP, cyaA increased up to 200%. Moreover, we also clarified the relationship between indole and expressions of some transcription factor genes upstream to these genes, as well as the influences of each kind of common antibiotic to the expressions of these genes. In addition, we also used other experiment material such as butanol to test if expressions of these genes also contribute to the resistence to the adverse circumstance when E. coli formed biofilm. Besides, the expression of B0363 can be induced byindole in E.coli. B0363 is an analogous protein of IcaA of staphylococcus, which is secreted to outside of cell after transcription. I also expressed and purified this protein successfully and made sure it has catalytic activity.
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LeClere, Sherry. "Analysis of the function and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid conjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18102.

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The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is involved in virtually every aspect of plant development. Plants control auxin homeostasis through complex interactions between de novo synthesis, degradation, import, export, and conjugate synthesis and hydrolysis. A thorough knowledge of these pathways and their interactions is key to understanding auxin response and plant growth. I have used genetic and biochemical methods to better understand the function and metabolism of amide-linked conjugates of IAA. Conjugates may function as storage or transport forms of IAA, or may function independently of hydrolysis. Many IAA conjugates have auxin activity in bioassays, and Arabidopsis mutants with reduced sensitivity to exogenous IAA-L-amino acid conjugates have been identified. Some of these are defective in genes encoding conjugate hydrolases, whereas others are likely to be directly or indirectly involved in some other aspect of conjugate metabolism or transport. To better understand conjugate hydrolysis pathways, I have generated and screened an overexpression library to identify cDNAs that lead to conjugate resistance when overexpressed. From this library, I have identified one mutant that cosuppresses petH, resulting in a chlorotic phenotype, and several mutants resistant to IAA-Ala that result from mutations unlinked to T-DNA inserts. In addition, I have cloned the gene defective in iar4, an IAA-alanine-resistant mutant, and found that it encodes a protein similar to a mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha subunit. To better understand conjugate hydrolysis, I have characterized the enzyme activities of four members of the amidohydrolase family. I found that bacterially expressed GST fusions of ILR1, ILL2, and IAR3 hydrolyze certain IAA-amino acids with KM values in the muM range, suggesting they are physiologically relevant. In addition, mutant plant extracts show altered rates of conjugate hydrolysis, further supporting the hypothesis that these enzymes function in vivo to cleave IAA-amino acid conjugates. I have also examined the expression profiles of the amidohydrolase family and found their expression is overlapping but distinct. My findings suggest that the activity displayed by auxin conjugates is due to their hydrolysis by the amidohydrolases to yield free IAA, and that these processes are controlled both developmentally and spatially to regulate free IAA levels.
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Chan, Tsung-Ta, and 詹宗達. "Production of the fermentation broth of Ustilago maydis possessing anti-inflammation function using indole-3-acetic acid as marker." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25917905264842703441.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
100
Ustilago maydis is a pathogen infecting on corn and induces tumor tissue formation. Althoug it is a pathogen, it is seen as a traditional cusine in Mexico. It can metabolize trytophan into indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and pityriarubin with anti-inflammation bioactivity. Therefore, the goal of this research was to produce fermentation broth of Ustilago maydis possessing anti-inflammation function using indole-3-acetic acid as marker in a 5 L stirred tank fermentor. After optimization process, it was found that the fermentation process would produce 30.8±4.5 μg/ml IAA in the broth using PDB medium supplemented with 1g/L tryptophan and 20 g/L glucose with initial pH at 4. The optimal fermentation conditions in the stirred tank bioreactor are: agitation rate at 900 rpm; aeration rate at 0.5 vvm, and 24℃ for 32 h. Moreover, the broth (10%) can inhibit nitrite production up to 81.0±0.3% in RAW264.7 inflammation cell model.
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PISCITELLI, FRANCESCO. "Design, synthesis and anti-HIV activity of new indolyl aryl sulfones (IASs): structure-activity relationship of substituents on the 2-carboxyamides function." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917534.

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Books on the topic "Functions and Indoles"

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Functional Phthalocyanine Molecular Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Indole: Synthesis, Functions and Reactions. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Pratt, Bridget. Indole: Synthesis, Functions and Reactions. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.

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McCormick, Paul C. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0020.

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Intramedullary spinal cord tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that may cause progressive spinal cord dysfunction. With few exceptions, however, most are slow-growing, biologically indolent neoplasms for which surgery is the treatment of choice. Long-term tumor control with preservation of neurological function is achievable in most patients. Challenges to the evaluation and management of these lesions include accurate differentiation of these tumors from inflammatory conditions such as transverse myelitis, sarcoidosis, and demyelinating conditions; the management of patients with asymptomatic tumors; and the timing and techniques of surgery to achieve the optimal patient outcome.
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Book chapters on the topic "Functions and Indoles"

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Troxler, F. "Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions." In Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds: A Series Of Monographs, 179–537. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470186930.ch4.

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Maruyama, W., A. Ota, A. Takahashi, T. Nagatsu, and M. Naoi. "Food-derived hetero-cyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and related amines, as inhibitors of monoamine metabolism." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 327–33. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_43.

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Oxenkrug, G. F., P. J. Requintina, R. M. Correa, and A. Yuwiler. "The effect of 6-months l-deprenyl administration on pineal MAO-A and MAO-B activity and on the content of melatonin and related indoles in aged female Fisher 344N rats." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 249–52. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_32.

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Bockaert, J., L. Fagni, M. Sebben, and A. Dumuis. "Pharmacological Characterization of Brain 5-HT4 Receptors: Relationship between the Effects of Indole, Benzamide and Azabicycloalkybenzimidazolone Derivatives." In Serotonin: Molecular Biology, Receptors and Functional Effects, 220–31. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7259-1_20.

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Rai, Sanjay Kumar, Krishna Kumar Rai, Apoorva, Sushil Kumar, and Shashi Pandey Rai. "Functional Genomics Approaches for Gene Discovery Related to Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway in Catharanthus roseus." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 155–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89269-2_9.

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Harris, P. A. "10.24.4 Product Subclass 4: Pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and Related Benzo-Fused Ring Systems." In Science of Synthesis: Knowledge Updates 2021/3. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-110-02056.

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AbstractThe synthesis of pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and related indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines and pyrido[2′,1′:3,4]pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-5-ium salts are reviewed in this chapter. The most common routes to pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles involve cyclization of indole derivatives containing a formyl, keto, ester, or nitrile function at the 2-position. Indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines are most readily accessed via cyclization of 1-(aryl)-1H-indoles, where the aryl group is substituted at the 2-position by either amino, iodo, or nitro functionality.
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Ishchenko, Alexander A., Yurii L. Slominskii, and Illia P. Sharanov. "High-efficiency polymethine dyes for passive Q-switch and mode locking of neodymium lasers." In NEW FUNCTIONAL SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 39–52. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.444.039.

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New polymethine dyes (PD) based on benzene [c, d] indole were synthesized. Their spectral and nonlinear optical characteristics in liquid and polymer media have been studied. It was found that the relaxation times τ of the excited state of the new PDs are approximately the same as those of the dye 3274y, which is widely used as a passive Q-switch of neodymium lasers with a generation lengthwave of 1.06 μm. The low sensitivity of τ to changes in the chemical structure of such PDs indicates that the main contribution to the deactivation of the excited state is made by the benzene [c, d] indole heterocycle. High values ​​of the cross section in the range of 1.05-1.08 μm at low relaxation times allow the studied PD to be easily bleached in lasers at low intensities (about 10 MW/cm2). It is established that the photostability of the new PD significantly exceeds that for the dye 3274y. This is because they contain a saturated six-membered ring in the polymethine chain, which is much less reactive than the corresponding five-membered ring of dye 3274u with respect to the photoinitiator of free radicals of UV irradiation. It is shown that the efficiency of Q-switching and mode locking of new passive laser shutters is higher than their analogues based on the dye 3274y.
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De Luca, Vincenzo, Vonny Salim, Dylan Levac, Sayaka Masada Atsumi, and Fang Yu. "Discovery and Functional Analysis of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Pathways in Plants." In Natural Product Biosynthesis by Microorganisms and Plants, Part A, 207–29. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394290-6.00010-0.

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R. Surana, Khemchand, Ritesh B. Pawar, Ritesh A. Khairnar, and Sunil K. Mahajan. "Protein Prenylation and Their Applications." In Modifications of Biomolecules [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104700.

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Prenylation is a universal covalent post-translational modification found in all eukaryotic cells, comprising attachment of either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl isoprenoid. Prenyl group is important for protein-protein binding through specialized prenyl-binding domains. Farnesylation and geranyl geranylation are very important in C-terminal anchoring of proteins to the cell membrane. These post-translational modification are most often catalyzed by either protein farnesyl transferase (FTase) or protein geranyl geranyl transferase-I (GGTase-I). These enzymes typically recognize a CaaX motif, where “C” is the cysteine to be prenylated and the remainder of the motif leads to recognition by FTase and/or GGTase-I. Prenylation plays vital role in diversification of natural products flavonoids, coumarins, and isoflavonoids. Many prenylated compounds have been identified as active components in medicinal plants with biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-spasmodic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-androgen activity. Due to their beneficial effects on diseases, prenylated compounds are of particular interest as lead compounds for producing drugs and functional foods. In this chapter, we concise the prenylation reactions of aromatic compounds such as indole, ketones, and aldehydes that may results to lead molecules discovery. Prenylation reactions are applied on azoles, anilines, thioles, indole, α-carbonyl bromides, and aryl bromide. There are several drugs that are obtained from prenylation, i.e. (-)-17-hydroxy-citrinalin, (+)-stephacidin, prenylated. In this text there is no referencing, it is a chemical name, so keep as it is.
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Taber, Douglass F. "The Smith Synthesis of (−)-Nodulisporic Acid D." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0103.

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The nodulisporic acids, isolated from the endophytic fungus Nodulisporium sp., show promising insecticidal activity. Amos B. Smith III of the University of Pennsylvania envisioned (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 7095) the construction of the central indole of nodulisporic acid D 4 by the convergent coupling of the chloroaniline 1 with the enol triflate 2. The preparation of 2 began (Org. Process Res. Dev. 2007, 11, 19) with the mono­ketal 5 of the Wieland–Miescher ketone, available in enantiomerically-pure form by organocatalyzed Robinson annulation. Condensation with thiophenol and formal­dehyde gave 6, which, under dissolving metal conditions, was reduced to an enolate that was trapped as the silyl enol ether 7. Condensation again with formaldehyde gave 8, that was converted by reduction and protecting group exchange to the ketone 9. Pd-catalyzed formylation of the derived enol triflate led to 10. The Cu-meditated conjugate addition of vinyl magnesium bromide to the unsatu­rated aldehyde 10 was carefully optimized to maximize equatorial addition, away from the angular methyl group. Subsequent C-methylation of the aldehyde was achieved by generating the Li enolate and carrying out the alkylation in diglyme. With 11 in hand, the third carbocyclic ring was assembled by 1,2-addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to the aldehyde followed by ring-closing metathesis and oxidation to give 12. Hydrogenation followed by functional group interconversion then completed the assembly of the enol triflate 2. The stereogenic center of 1 was established by Enders alkylation of 13 with the iodide 14. The ketone 15 was best liberated by ozonolysis under non-epimerizing conditions. The critical Barluenga indole construction that formed 3 also required careful optimization in a model study, the key observation being the value of the Buchwald ligand RuPhos. The conditions developed were found, remarkably, to be compatible with the aldehyde functional group, so subsequent Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons condensation with 16 could be carried out directly, to complete the synthe­sis of (−)-nodulisporic acid D 4.
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Conference papers on the topic "Functions and Indoles"

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Susanti, Resti Julia, Evi Noviani, and Fransiskus Fran. "Green’s function of the electric potential equation." In THE 4TH INDOMS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATION (IICMA 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0026050.

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Трофимов, Б., B. Trofimov, Н. Гусарова, and N. Gusarova. "The development of original methodologies of directed synthesis of le-Carbs their analogs and precursors base donacetylene and its derivatives." In Topical issues of translational medicine: a collection of articles dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the day The creation of a department for biomedical research and technology of the Irkutsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of RAS. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_58be81ec92d17.

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New reactions, which have been discovered and continue to be developed in A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk institute of chemistry SB RAS on the basis of acetylene, a product of oil, gas and coal processing and multi-faceted building block for organic synthesis, have been considered. These reactions provide for the shortest routes to construction of fundamental heterocyclic scaffolds (pyrroles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, indoles, pyridines, dihydropyridines, etc.) with desirable and optimum combination of functional pharmacophoric groups and fragments, which are responsible for antiviral (HIV, flu), antitumor, tuberculostatic and hypotensive activities.
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Yundari, Yundari, Nur'ainul Miftahul Huda, Udjianna Sekteria Pasaribu, Utriweni Mukhaiyar, and Kurnia Novita Sari. "Stationary process in GSTAR(1;1) through kernel function approach." In THE 4TH INDOMS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATION (IICMA 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016808.

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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Md Bokhtiar Rahma, Md Shohorab Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Xylanase Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Goat Rumen." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.1.

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The rumen microbial communities of ruminants are thought to be the most promising biochemical source of inordinately diversified and multi-functional cellulolytic enzymes with unique functional adaptations to improve biotechnological processes. The exploitation of rumen microbial genetic variety has been limited due to a lack of effective screening culture techniques and a lack of understanding of the rumen microbial genetic diversity. This study is conducted to isolate and characterize rumen bacteria from goat rumen that have capability to produce xylanase enzyme. Serial dilutions technique is applied to isolate bacteria from goat rumen and repeated tubing of the selectively enriched microbial cultures by using the specific media for rumen bacteria. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organisms metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme where all isolates found promising which indicates that all five isolates are superior and capable to produce xylanase.
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Wibowo, Supriyadi, V. Y. Kurniawan, and Siswanto. "The relation between Fα – absolutely continuous of order α ∈ (0, 1) and function of bounded variation." In THE 4TH INDOMS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATION (IICMA 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0019249.

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Ferraz, Marta, Paul E. Resta, and Afonso O'neill. "Whole-body interaction in natural environments benefits children's cognitive function compared to sedentary interaction indoors." In AH '17: 8th Augmented Human International Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3041164.3041177.

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Manabe, S., H. Yanagisawa, S. Ishikawa, Y. Kitagawa, K. Tohyama, S. Abe, and O. Wada. "TRYPTOPHAN PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS FOUND IN COOKED FOODS INHIBIT HUMAN PLATELET AGGREGATION BY INHIBITING CYCLOOXYGENASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643402.

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Humans are exposed to numerous toxic compounds in foods. During the past decade, several carcinogenic heterocyclic amines have been reported to be present in the cooked foods. Recently, we reported that some of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amines isolated from foods were present in human plasma. In order to know the effects of the carcinogens isolated from foods on the cell function, we investigated the effects of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amines including Trp-P-1(3-amino-l,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido❘4,3-b❘indole) and Trp-P-2(3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido❘4,3-b❘indole) on human platelet aggregation and polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation. Only tryptophan pyrolysis products, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2, had potent inhibitory effects on human platelet aggregation when platelets were preincubated with the carcinogens for 15 min. Other carcinogenic heterocyclic amines such as glutamic acid pyrolysates (Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2) and 3H-imidazo ❘4,5-f❘quinoline-2-amines(IQ and MelQ) did show no effect on platelet aggregation even at 100 μM.The autoradiogram demonstrated that Tryptophan pyrolysis products, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2, dose-dependently inhibited the formation of HHT,PGD2,PGE2 and TXB2 induced by sodium arachidonate in human platelets labeled with ❘ 14c❘ arachidonic acid. Moreover, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 did not show significant effects on leukocyte aggregation induced by sodium arachidonate (0.75mM) even at lOOnM. It is concluded that Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 isolated from cooked foodstuffs have potent inhibitory effects on the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of the platelet. Therefore, human platelet function might be affected with daily foods containing tryptophan pyrolysis products in vivo.
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Sopian, K., Adam M. Elradi, Shahrir Abdullah, and K. V. Wong. "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Double-Pass Solar Collector With and Without Porous Media." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39542.

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Correlations of transient heat transfer and pressure drop have been developed for air flowing through the porous media, which packed a double-pass solar air heater. Various porous media are arranged in different porosities to increase heat transfer, area density and the total heat transfer rate. Transient heat transfer experiments indicate that both the heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor are strong functions of porosity. The heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor are also strong functions of the geometrical parameters of the porous media. A test collector was developed and tested indoors by varying the design features and operating conditions using a halogen-lamp simulator as a radiation source. This type of collector can be used for drying and heat applications such as solar industrial processes, space heating and solar drying of agricultural products.
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D'Zmura, Michael, and Geoffrey Iverson. "Color constancy: adaptation to the illumination environment." In Advances in Color Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acv.1992.fe2.

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Theoretical work on color constancy has dwelt on the problem of estimating surface and illuminant chromatic properties in the case where a set of surfaces is viewed under a single illuminant1-5. Maloney and Wandell4 used linear models to describe variation among surface reflectance functions6-9 and variation among illuminants10,11 to establish a general result for this situation: a trichromatic system viewing surfaces under a single unknown illuminant that is represented by three color descriptors can recover two color- constant descriptors per surface. Their remarkable result is incomplete, however. First, it is desirable to recover three or more descriptors per surface, for neither surface color percepts12 nor surface color properties6-9 are described adequately by two-dimensional models. Second, one would prefer the recovery of surface reflectance descriptors to be independent of the choice of a particular model of illumination. The model that describes accurately the daylight illumination environment10,11, for instance, will generally fail to describe other illumination environments such as those found indoors or that presented by the red, green and blue lights used in Land's demonstrations with Mondrians1.
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Foust, Emine Celik. "Industry-Based Thermodynamics Case Study on Refrigeration Cycle." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-88201.

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Abstract The case study learning methodology has been used for more than 20 years in teaching science and engineering. This methodology is known to be highly effective in promoting students’ understanding of the concepts and improving their ability to make connections between the concepts. In 2020 and 2021, the limited access to laboratory equipment and facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged instructors to implement alternative methods. One of the alternatives considered in the current institution is the use of case studies to enhance students’ understanding of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics topics during the online and hybrid implementations of those courses. In this study, an industry-based air-conditioning (AC) unit is facilitated to prepare a case study to teach refrigeration cycles in the laboratory part of thermodynamics. All four components of the AC unit, which include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, are assembled on a single platform. In an actual application, the compressor and condenser are part of the outside unit while an evaporator and expansion valve would be located indoors. In the first phase of the case study, students analyze temperature and pressure data for the normal operation of the unit to understand the function of each component in the cycle. In addition, by using thermodynamics property tables, they determine enthalpy and entropy values at different stages of the process, generate a temperature versus entropy (T-s) diagram, and calculate the efficiency of the AC unit. In the second phase of the study, they are provided with temperature and pressure data collected for the cases corresponding to when there is a problem with the AC unit. They perform analysis of those cases. The examples of issues introduced include part of the condenser or evaporator coils being disabled or using a partially blocked air filter. The equipment used in the case study is modified by the manufacturer to simulate those issues. During data analysis, student teams are tasked with identifying the issue introduced by looking at the changes in temperature, pressure, and T-s diagram. This paper provides detailed information about the case study, data collection, and analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Functions and Indoles"

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Chamovitz, A. Daniel, and Georg Jander. Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597917.bard.

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Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development Glucosinolates are a class of defense-related secondary metabolites found in all crucifers, including important oilseed and vegetable crops in the Brassica genus and the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon tissue damage, such as that provided by insect feeding, glucosinolates are subjected to catalysis and spontaneous degradation to form a variety of breakdown products. These breakdown products typically have a deterrent effect on generalist herbivores. Glucosinolate breakdown products also contribute to the anti-carcinogenic effects of eating cabbage, broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, forms conjugates with several other plant metabolites. Although some indole-3-carbinol conjugates have known functions in defense against herbivores and pathogens, most play as yet unidentified roles in plant metabolism, and possibly also plant development. At the outset, our proposal had three main hypotheses: (1) There is a specific detoxification pathway for indole-3-carbinol; (2) Metabolites derived from indole-3-carbinol are phloem-mobile and serve as signaling molecules; and (3) Indole-3-carbinol affects plant cell cycle and cell-differentiation pathways. The experiments were designed to enable us to elucidate how indole-3-carbinol and related metabolites affect plants and their interactions with herbivorous insects. We discovered that indole-3- carbinol rapidly and reversibly inhibits root elongation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition is accompanied by a loss of auxin activity in the root meristem. A direct interaction between indole-3-carbinol and the auxin perception machinery was suggested, as application of indole-3-carbinol rescued auxin-induced root phenotypes. In vitro and yeast-based protein interaction studies showed that indole-3-carbinol perturbs the auxin-dependent interaction of TIR1 with Aux/IAA proteins, supporting the notion that indole-3-carbinol acts as an auxin antagonist. Furthermore, transcript profiling experiments revealed the influence of indole-3-carbinol on auxin signaling in root tips, and indole-3-carbinol also affected auxin transporters. Brief treatment with indole-3-carbinol led to a reduction in the amount of PIN1 and to mislocalization of PIN2. The results indicate that chemicals induced by herbivory, such as indole-3-carbinol, function not only to repel herbivores, but also as signaling molecules that directly compete with auxin to fine tune plant growth and development, which implies transport of indole-3- carbinol that we are as yet unsuccessful in detecting. Our results indicate that plant defensive metabolites also have secondary functions in regulating aspects of plant metabolism, thereby providing diversity in defense-related plant signaling pathways. Such diversity of of signaling by defensive metabolites would be beneficial for the plant, as herbivores and pathogens would be less likely to mount effective countermeasures. We propose that growth arrest can be mediated directly by the herbivory-induced chemicals, in our case, indole-3-carbinol. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown to I3C following herbivory would have two outcomes: (1) Indole-3-carbinaol would inhibit the herbivore, while (2) at the same time inducing growth arrest within the plant. Thus, our results indicate that I3C is a defensive phytohormone that modulates auxin signaling, leading to growth arrest.
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Jander, Georg, and Daniel Chamovitz. Investigation of growth regulation by maize benzoxazinoid breakdown products. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600031.bard.

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Introduction Previous research had suggested that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive metabolites found in maize, wheat, rye, and wild barley, are not only direct insect deterrents, but also influence other areas of plant metabolism. In particular, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxa- zin-3(4H)- one (DIMBOA) was implicated in: (i) altering plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling, and (ii) leading to the induction of gene expression changes and secondary plant defense responses. The overall goal of this proposal was to identify mechanisms by which benzoxazinoids influence other aspects of plant growth and defense. Specifically, the following hypotheses were proposed to be tested as part of an approved BARD proposal: Benzoxazinoid breakdown products directly interfere with auxin perception Global changes in maize and barley gene expression are induced by benzoxazinoid activation. There is natural variation in the maize photomorphogenic response to benzoxazinoids. Although the initial proposal included experiments with both maize and barley, there were some technical difficulties with the proposed transgenic barley experiments and most of the experimental results were generated with maize. Summary of major findings Previous research by other labs, involving both maize and other plant species, had suggested that DIMBOA alters plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling. However, experiments conducted in both the Chamovitz and the Jander labs using Arabidopsis and maize, respectively, were unable to confirm previously published reports of exogenously added DIMBOA effects on auxin signaling. Nevertheless, analysis of bx1 and bx2 maize mutant lines, which have almost no detectable benzoxazinoids, showed altered responses to blue light signaling. Transcriptomic analysis of maize mutant lines, variation in inbred lines, and responses to exogenously added DIMBOA showed alteration in the transcription of a blue light receptor, which is required for plant growth responses. This finding provides a novel mechanistic explanation of the trade-off between growth and defense that is often observed in plants. Experiments by the Jander lab and others had demonstrated that DIMBOA not only has direct toxicity against insect pests and microbial pathogens, but also induces the formation of callose in both maize and wheat. In the current project, non-targeted metabolomic assays of wildtype maize and mutants with defects in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis were used to identify unrelated metabolites that are regulated in a benzoxazinoid-dependent manner. Further investigation identified a subset of these DIMBOA-responsive compounds as catechol, as well as its glycosylated and acetylated derivatives. Analysis of co-expression data identified indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) as a possible regulator of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in maize. In the current project, enzymatic activity of three predicted maize IGPS genes was confirmed by heterologous expression. Transposon knockout mutations confirmed the function of the maize genes in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Sub-cellular localization studies showed that the three maize IGPS proteins are co-localized in the plastids, together with BX1 and BX2, two previously known enzymes of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway. Implications Benzoxazinoids are among the most abundant and effective defensive metabolites in maize, wheat, and rye. Although there is considerable with-in species variation in benzoxazinoid content, very little is known about the regulation of this variation and the specific effects on plant growth and defense. The results of this research provide further insight into the complex functions of maize benzoxazinoids, which are not only toxic to pests and pathogens, but also regulate plant growth and other defense responses. Knowledge gained through the current project will make it possible to engineer benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in a more targeted manner to produce pest-tolerant crops without negative effects on growth and yield.
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Hubbard, Sarah M., and Bryan Hubbard. Investigation of Strategic Deployment Opportunities for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) at INDOT. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317126.

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Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly used for a variety of applications related to INDOT’s mission including bridge inspection, traffic management, incident response, construction and roadway mapping. UAS have the potential to reduce costs and increase capabilities. Other state DOTs and transportation agencies have deployed UAS for an increasing number of applications due to technology advances that provide increased capabilities and lower costs, resulting from regulatory changes that simplified operations for small UAS under 55 pounds (aka, sUAS). This document provides an overview of UAS applications that may be appropriate for INDOT, as well as a description of the regulations that affect UAS operation as described in 14 CFR Part 107. The potential applications were prioritized using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a methodology used in the aerospace industry that clearly communicates qualitative and ambiguous information with a transparent framework for decision making. The factors considered included technical feasibility, ease of adoption and stakeholder acceptance, activities underway at INDOT, and contribution to INDOT mission and goals. Dozens of interviews with INDOT personnel and stakeholders were held to get an accurate and varied perspective of potential for UAVs at INDOT. The initial prioritization was completed in early 2019 and identified three key areas: UAS for bridge inspection safety as a part of regular operations, UAS for construction with deliverables provided via construction contracts, and UAS for emergency management. Descriptions of current practices and opportunities for INDOT are provided for each of these applications. An estimate of the benefits and costs is identified, based on findings from other agencies as well as projections for INDOT. A benefit cost analysis for the application of UAS for bridge inspection safety suggests a benefit cost over one for the analysis period.
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Lee, Jusang, John E. Haddock, Dario D. Batioja Alvarez, and Reyhaneh Rahbar Rastegar. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Laboratory Rutting and Cracking Tests. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317087.

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The main objectives of this project were to review the available balanced-mix design (BMD) methodologies, understand the I-FIT and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) test methods using INDOT asphalt mixtures, and to explore the application of these tests to both a BMD approach and as performance-related Quality Control (QC) and Quality Acceptance (QA) methods. Two QA mixture specimen types, plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) and plant-mixed field-compacted (PMFC) were used in the determination of cracking and rutting parameters. Distribution functions for the flexibility index (FI) values and rutting parameters were determined for various mixture types. The effects of specimen geometry and air voids contents on the calculated Flexibility Index (FI) and rutting parameters were investigated. The fatigue characteristics of selected asphalt mixtures were determined using the S-VECD test according to different FI levels for different conditions. A typical full-depth pavement section was implemented in FlexPAVE to explore the cracking characteristics of INDOT asphalt mixtures by investigating the relationship between the FI values of QA samples with the FlexPAVE pavement performance predictions. The FI values obtained from PMFC specimens were consistently higher than their corresponding PMLC specimens. This study also found that FI values were affected significantly by variations in specimen thickness and air voids contents, having higher FI values with higher air voids contents and thinner specimens. These observations do not agree with the general material-performance expectations that better cracking resistance is achieved with lower air voids content and thicker layers. Additionally, PG 70-22 mixtures show the lowest mean FI values followed by the PG 76-22 and 64-22 mixtures. The same order was observed from the ΔTc (asphalt binder cracking index) of INDOT’s 2017 and 2018 projects. Finally, it was found that the HWTT showed reasonable sensitivity to the different characteristics (e.g., aggregate sizes, binder types, and air voids contents) of asphalt mixtures. Mixtures containing modified asphalt binders showed better rut resistance and higher Rutting Resistance Index (RRI) than those containing unmodified binders.
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