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Journal articles on the topic 'Functionalized gold nanoparticle'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Abad, José M., Sara Puertas, Daniel Pérez, and Christian Sánchez-Espinel. "Design and Development of Antibody Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 2834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19057.

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Antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticle constitutes a powerful interface biosystem for biomedical applications where the properties of gold nanoparticles and the specificity of antibody–antigen interactions are combined. This study provides insight into the key factors for the development of antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles focusing on the immobilization of the antibody. Here, we address an oriented antibody immobilization procedure on gold nanoparticles. It comprises chelatemodified gold nanoparticles that are designed for oriented immobilization of IgG antibodies (end on spatial orientation) through the metal-chelation to histidine-rich metal binding site in the heavy chain (Fc) of the antibody.

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2

Thaxton, C. Shad, Nathaniel L. Rosi, and Chad A. Mirkin. "Optically and Chemically Encoded Nanoparticle Materials for DNA and Protein Detection." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 5 (May 2005): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.101.

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AbstractNanoscale materials are beginning to have an impact in the field of molecular diagnostics. In particular, gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with DNA have garnered much recent interest. Due to the unusual optical and catalytic properties of gold nanoparticle labels, several distinct advantages for assay readout have been realized. This review focuses on the progress made in our group over the past seven years in the development of particle surface chemistry and ultrasensitive protein and nucleic acid assays based upon DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles. For DNA targets, experiments demonstrate that assays based upon gold nanoparticle labels have enhanced target specificity and in certain cases the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), without the need for target amplification. For protein targets, similar experiments demonstrate that assays based upon gold nanoparticles are up to one million times more sensitive than conventional protein detection methods. Recent data using human samples demonstrate the utility of such assays.

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3

Thomas, K. George, Binil Itty Ipe, and P. K. Sudeep. "Photochemistry of chromophore-functionalized gold nanoparticles." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 9 (January 1, 2002): 1731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274091731.

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It is generally believed that metal nanoparticles strongly quench the singlet-excited states of chromophores when attached to nanoparticle surfaces, through an energy-transfer mechanism, which limits their application in optoelectronic devices and photonic materials. Recent studies of fluorophore-linked metal nanoparticles reveal that there is a dramatic suppression in the quenching of the singlet-excited state of these molecules and they possess unusual photophysical properties. A summary of our work on the photophysical and excited-state properties of chromophore-functionalized gold nanoparticles is presented in this article. Pyrene-capped gold nanoparticles showed normal fluorescence in nonpolar solvents and an intermolecular excimer formation at higher loadings. The quenching of the emission, observed in pyrene-labeled gold nanoparticles in polar solvents, is attributed to the formation of pyrene radical cation through a photoinduced electron-transfer process. We have also functionalized gold nanoparticles using a thiol derivative of fullerene. The quenching of fluorescence and decreased yields of triplet-excited state, observed in these systems, are attributed to an energy-transfer process.

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4

Zhang, Liangmin. "Optical Conduction Resonance in Self-Assembled Metal Nanoparticle Array-Dielectric Thin Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (December 10, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8540805.

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Optical conduction resonance- (OCR-) enhanced third-order optical nonlinearity of two dimensional (2D) periodic gold nanoparticle array-dielectric thin films has been investigated. The third-order optical susceptibility of periodic gold nanoparticle array embedded in silica thin film shows ~104 enhancement comparing to gold nanoparticle colloids. The 2D gold nanoparticle arrays were synthesized by using the electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) technique. During the fabrication process, the positively or negatively functionalized gold nanoparticles are automatically self-aligned to establish a 2D array with a very small interparticle spacing due to the polymer shell on the metal particles. Then, a monolayer of silica can be coated on the top of the 2D metal nanoparticle array. This type of 2D gold nanoparticle array-dielectric thin films has high volume fraction of gold nanoparticles. According to the extended Maxwell-Garnett theory, this kind of films can exhibit OCR. The OCR frequency can be tuned from visible to mid-infrared by controlling the gold nanoparticle volume fraction. During OCR, the real part of the composite dielectric constant is zero to make the induced electromagnetic waves in gold nanoparticles to couple effectively within the film. The open-aperture z-scan technique is used to measure the nonlinear optical properties of the ESA films.

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5

García-Astrain, C., I. Ahmed, D. Kendziora, O. Guaresti, A. Eceiza, L. Fruk, M. A. Corcuera, and N. Gabilondo. "Effect of maleimide-functionalized gold nanoparticles on hybrid biohydrogels properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 62 (2015): 50268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06806a.

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6

Dixon, D., B. J. Meenan, and J. Manson. "PEG Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Loaded PLGA Films for Drug Delivery." Journal of Nano Research 27 (March 2014): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.27.83.

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A novel composite of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP-PEG) dispersed within Poly (lactic-go-glycolic) (PLGA) films, were prepared to demonstrate the concept of a combined targeted and sustained implant material. This technology offers the promise of improved therapies for difficult to treat tumors such as Gliomas. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized via a modified Turkevich method, were functionalized with thiol terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG), washed using centrifugation, dried, re-suspended in a solution of PLGA in dichloromethane and finally vacuum dried to produce the solvent cast films. The degradation and nanoparticle release profile of these films were studied by immersion in PBS media at 37 °C over periods of up-to 58 days. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was conducted. The release of the AuNPs-PEG nanoparticles during degradation was studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). It was observed that the AuNP-PEG nanoparticles were individually dispersed within the PLGA and that their addition extended the degradation time of the PLGA film, but did not appear to alter the nature of degradation. The nanoparticle release from the composite films displayed an approximately zero-order release profile.

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7

Park, So-Jung, T. Andrew Taton, and Chad A. Mirkin. "Array-Based Electrical Detection of DNA with Nanoparticle Probes." Science 295, no. 5559 (February 22, 2002): 1503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1067003.

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A DNA array detection method is reported in which the binding of oligonucleotides functionalized with gold nanoparticles leads to conductivity changes associated with target-probe binding events. The binding events localize gold nanoparticles in an electrode gap; silver deposition facilitated by these nanoparticles bridges the gap and leads to readily measurable conductivity changes. An unusual salt concentration–dependent hybridization behavior associated with these nanoparticle probes was exploited to achieve selectivity without a thermal-stringency wash. Using this method, we have detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 500 femtomolar with a point mutation selectivity factor of ∼ 100,000:1.

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8

Manivannan, Shanmugam, and Ramasamy Ramaraj. "Polymer-embedded gold and gold/silver nanoparticle-modified electrodes and their applications in catalysis and sensors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 11 (July 11, 2011): 2041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-03-04.

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Metal nanoparticles encapsulated by silicate sol-gel matrix find numerous applications particularly in electrocatalysis and sensors. In our previous reports, we have reported the mono- and bi-metal gold, silver, and core/shell gold/silver nanoparticles embedded in functionalized silicate sol-gel matrices. Modified electrodes were fabricated using mono- and bi-metallic gold, silver, and core/shell gold/silver nanoparticles embedded in silicate sol-gel, and they were used for the electrocatalysis and sensing of H2O2 and simultaneous detection of hydrazine, sulfite, and nitrite. We have prepared the gold nanoparticles encapsulated by amine-functionalized silicate sol-gel matrix in a single step without using any external reducing agents. The gold nanoparticles were also synthesized by using amine-functionalized silane monomer in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), resulting in metal/polymer core/shell nanostructures. This nanocomposite material showed a synergistic stabilizing effect when compared to either silicate sol-gel matrix or β-CD alone as stabilizer. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Modified electrodes were prepared by using the gold nanoparticles embedded in silicate sol-gel matrix, and their electrochemical characteristics were studied.

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9

WANG, CHIH-KUANG, SZU-HSIEN CHEN, WAN-YUN LI, CHERN-HSIUNG LAI, and WEN-CHENG CHEN. "BIOACTIVE GLASS SHELL GROWTH OF A Si–Na–Ca–P LAYER ON GOLD NANOPARTICLES FUNCTIONALIZED WITH MERCAPTOPROPYLTRIMETHYLOXYSILANE–SILICATE–TETRAETHYLOTHOSILICATE." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 01 (February 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09012263.

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Calcium phosphate and silicate-modified gold surfaces have potential applications in orthopedic and dental reconstruction, especially when combined with bone cement or dental resins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of a Si – Na – Ca – P glass system nanoshell on functionalized gold nanoparticles. Stable gold nanoparticle suspensions were prepared by controlled reduction of HAuCl 4 using the sodium citrate method to obtain a nanogold-mercaptopropyltrimethyloxysilane (MPTS)–silicate–tetraethylothosilicate (TEOS)-capped particle solution. The nanoshells were formed when directly reacted with a 10-4 M calcium phosphate ion solution. The median nanoparticle diameter was observed to be 15 nm. The MPTS–silicate–TEOS–functionalized nanoshell more effectively formed a glass shell as compared with a nonsilicate nanoshell. The changes in the surface morphology and composition were observed by a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. As seen using EDS, the nanoshell was in a glass phase with CaO -poor layers.

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10

Yang, Wenrong, J. Justin Gooding, Zhicong He, Qiong Li, and Guonan Chen. "Fast Colorimetric Detection of Copper Ions Using L-Cysteine Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.116.

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This communication reports an efficient visual detection method of Cu2+ by L-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Upon exposure to Cu2+, the gold nanoparticle solution changed from red to blue, in response to surface plasmon absorption of dispersed and aggregated nanoparticles. This colorimetric sensor allows a rapid quantitative assay of Cu2+ down to the concentration range of 10−5 M. Recognition of Cu2+ and formation of the aggregates are proposed to occur via a 2 : 1 sandwich complex between L-cysteine and Cu2+.

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11

Yang, Wenrong, J. Justin Gooding, Zhicong He, Qiong Li, and Guonan Chen. "Fast Colorimetric Detection of Copper Ions Using L-Cysteine Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18053.

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This communication reports an efficient visual detection method of Cu2+ by L-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Upon exposure to Cu2+, the gold nanoparticle solution changed from red to blue, in response to surface plasmon absorption of dispersed and aggregated nanoparticles. This colorimetric sensor allows a rapid quantitative assay of Cu2+ down to the concentration range of 10−5 M. Recognition of Cu2+ and formation of the aggregates are proposed to occur via a 2 : 1 sandwich complex between L-cysteine and Cu2+.

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12

Wu, Zai-Sheng, Meng-Meng Guo, Guo-Li Shen, and Ru-Qin Yu. "G-rich oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticle aggregation." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 387, no. 8 (February 9, 2007): 2623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1126-1.

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13

Kim, Bumsu, and Wolfgang M. Sigmund. "Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanoparticle Composites." Langmuir 20, no. 19 (September 2004): 8239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la049424n.

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14

Grzincic, Elissa, Ruishen Teh, Rachel Wallen, Gabrielle McGuire, Avinash Yella, Ben Q. Li, and Krisanu Bandyopadhyay. "Synthesis of gold and palladium nanoshells by in situ generation of seeds on silica nanoparticle cores." RSC Adv. 4, no. 61 (2014): 32283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05688d.

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15

Cao, Cuong, and Sang Jun Sim. "Preparation of Highly Stable Oligo(ethylene glycol) Derivatives-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application in LSPR-Based Detection of PSA/ACT Complex." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.009.

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A sandwich immunoassay for PSA/ACT complex detection based on gold nanoparticle aggregation using two probes was developed. The functionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed highly stable not only in the presence of high ionic strength but also in a wide pH range. The functionalized AuNPs were tagged with PSA/ACT complex monoclonal antibody and goat PSA polyclonal antibody and served as the probes to induce aggregation of the colloidal particles. As a result, PSA/ACT complex was detected at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. This is the first time that a new aggregation sandwich-immunoassay technique using two gold probes has been used, and the results are generally applicable to other LSPR-based immunoassays.

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16

Cao, Cuong, and Sang Jun Sim. "Preparation of Highly Stable Oligo(ethylene glycol) Derivatives-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application in LSPR-Based Detection of PSA/ACT Complex." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18066.

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A sandwich immunoassay for PSA/ACT complex detection based on gold nanoparticle aggregation using two probes was developed. The functionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed highly stable not only in the presence of high ionic strength but also in a wide pH range. The functionalized AuNPs were tagged with PSA/ACT complex monoclonal antibody and goat PSA polyclonal antibody and served as the probes to induce aggregation of the colloidal particles. As a result, PSA/ACT complex was detected at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. This is the first time that a new aggregation sandwich-immunoassay technique using two gold probes has been used, and the results are generally applicable to other LSPR-based immunoassays.

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17

Morales-Avila, Enrique, Guillermina Ferro-Flores, Blanca E. Ocampo-García, Gustavo López-Téllez, Johnny López-Ortega, Diana G. Rogel-Ayala, and Diego Sánchez-Padilla. "Antibacterial Efficacy of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with the Ubiquicidin (29–41) Antimicrobial Peptide." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5831959.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that drug antimicrobial activity is enhanced when metallic nanoparticles are used as an inorganic support, obtaining synergic effects against microorganisms. The cationic antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin 29–41 (UBI) has demonstrated high affinity and sensitivity towards fungal and bacterial infections. The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of engineered multivalent nanoparticle systems based on silver or gold nanoparticles functionalized with UBI. Spectroscopy techniques demonstrated that NPs were functionalized with UBI mainly through interactions with the -NH2 groups. A significant increase in the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained with the conjugate AgNP-UBI with regard to that of AgNP. No inhibition of bacterial growth was observed with AuNP and AuNP-UBI using a nanoparticle concentration of up to 182 μg mL−1. Nonetheless, silver nanoparticles conjugated to the UBI antimicrobial peptide may provide an alternative therapy for topical infections.

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18

Aswathi, R., Mohamed Mukthar Ali, Anurudha Shukla, and K. Y. Sandhya. "A green method to gold–graphene nanocomposite from cyclodextrin functionalized graphene for efficient non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing applications." RSC Advances 5, no. 40 (2015): 32027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17323f.

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Here, we report a new and green method of synthesis of gold nanoparticle functionalized graphene (Au–Gr) from β-cyclodextrin functionalized Gr (CD–Gr) with excellent electrochemical sensing properties.

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19

D'Agata, Roberta, Pasquale Palladino, and Giuseppe Spoto. "Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (January 2, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.1.

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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit unique properties that can be modulated through a tailored surface functionalization, enabling their targeted use in biochemical sensing and medical diagnostics. In particular, streptavidin-modified AuNPs are increasingly used for biosensing purposes. We report here a study of AuNPs surface-functionalized with streptavidin-biotinylated oligonucleotide, focussing on the role played by the oligonucleotide probes in the stabilization/destabilization of the functionalized nanoparticle dispersion. The behaviour of the modified AuNP dispersion as a consequence of the competitive displacement of the biotinylated oligonucleotide has been investigated and the critical role of displaced oligonucletides in triggering the quasi one-dimensional aggregation of nanoparticles is demonstrated for the first time. The thorough understanding of the fundamental properties of bioconjugated AuNPs is of great importance for the design of highly sensitive and reliable functionalized AuNP-based assays.

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20

Reynolds, Robert A., Chad A. Mirkin, and Robert L. Letsinger. "A gold nanoparticle/latex microsphere-based colorimetric oligonucleotide detection method." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2000): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010229.

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An exceptionally simple and effective DNA detection methodology based on latex microsphere and gold nanoparticle probes has been developed. The latex and gold particle probes, which were functionalized with separate oligonucleotide sequences, undergo hybridization in the presence of target strands that are complementary to both of the probes. Duplex formation thus results in linking of gold nanoparticles to the latex microspheres and a corresponding white-to-red color change, which, because of the particularly large extinction coefficient of the gold nanoparticles, is clearly visible to the naked eye. Background signal caused by unbound gold nanoparticles is significantly reduced by filtering the solution containing the sample and probes through a size-selective cellulose acetate membrane. The unbound gold probes move freely through this membrane while the larger latex particles are trapped. Therefore, if the latex and gold nanoparticles are joined together via the target oligonucleotides, the membrane appears red, indicating a positive test result. If no hybridization takes place, the membrane appears white, indicating a negative result. The lower detection limits for this system are 500 pM for a 24 base single-stranded target and 2.5 nM for a duplex target oligonucleotide.

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21

Schmutzler, Oliver, Sebastian Graf, Nils Behm, Wael Y. Mansour, Florian Blumendorf, Theresa Staufer, Christian Körnig, et al. "X-ray Fluorescence Uptake Measurement of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Cell Microsamples." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073691.

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Quantitative cellular in vitro nanoparticle uptake measurements are possible with a large number of different techniques, however, all have their respective restrictions. Here, we demonstrate the application of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) on prostate tumor cells, which have internalized differently functionalized gold nanoparticles. Total nanoparticle uptake on the order of a few hundred picograms could be conveniently observed with microsamples consisting of only a few hundreds of cells. A comparison with mass spectroscopy quantification is provided, experimental results are both supported and sensitivity limits of this XFI approach extrapolated by Monte-Carlo simulations, yielding a minimum detectable nanoparticle mass of just 5 pg. This study demonstrates the high sensitivity level of XFI, allowing non-destructive uptake measurements with very small microsamples within just seconds of irradiation time.

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22

Amoako, George. "Connecting DNA Origami Structures into a Designed and Functionalized Network." Journal of Materials Science Research 8, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n4p14.

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The versatility of the DNA origami approach of organizing nanoparticles at the nanometer scale, together with thiol chemistry have been used. These approaches were used to design DNA origami structures and to functionalize them with gold nanoparticles after designing attachment sites on the DNA origami structures. In all two structures were designed – a cross-like structure and a nanotube but only the nanotube structure was used to form the gold nanoparticle helices. Finally, use was made of the specific affinity interaction between biotin and streptavidin to connect the DNA origami templated AuNP helices to the cross-like structure. Agarose gel electrophoresis, UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM were used to characterize the structure.

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23

Park, Daniel J., Jessie C. Ku, Lin Sun, Clotilde M. Lethiec, Nathaniel P. Stern, George C. Schatz, and Chad A. Mirkin. "Directional emission from dye-functionalized plasmonic DNA superlattice microcavities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 3 (January 4, 2017): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619802114.

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Three-dimensional plasmonic superlattice microcavities, made from programmable atom equivalents comprising gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA, are used as a testbed to study directional light emission. DNA-guided nanoparticle colloidal crystallization allows for the formation of micrometer-scale single-crystal body-centered cubic gold nanoparticle superlattices, with dye molecules coupled to the DNA strands that link the particles together, in the form of a rhombic dodecahedron. Encapsulation in silica allows one to create robust architectures with the plasmonically active particles and dye molecules fixed in space. At the micrometer scale, the anisotropic rhombic dodecahedron crystal habit couples with photonic modes to give directional light emission. At the nanoscale, the interaction between the dye dipoles and surface plasmons can be finely tuned by coupling the dye molecules to specific sites of the DNA particle-linker strands, thereby modulating dye–nanoparticle distance (three different positions are studied). The ability to control dye position with subnanometer precision allows one to systematically tune plasmon–excition interaction strength and decay lifetime, the results of which have been supported by electrodynamics calculations that span length scales from nanometers to micrometers. The unique ability to control surface plasmon/exciton interactions within such superlattice microcavities will catalyze studies involving quantum optics, plasmon laser physics, strong coupling, and nonlinear phenomena.

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24

Tang, Jun, E. Skotadis, V. Tsouti, and D. Tsoukalas. "PHEMA functionalized gold nanoparticle films for vapor sensing." Procedia Engineering 5 (2010): 1240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.337.

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25

Iglesias, Emilia. "Gold Nanoparticles as Colorimetric Sensors for the Detection of DNA Bases and Related Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 2890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122890.

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Results regarding interaction of colloidal gold solutions with nucleobases, including uracil (U), as well as its sulfur derivatives, 2-thiouracil (2TU) and 4-thiouracil (4TU), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and guanine (G), as well as urea and thiourea (TU), are reported. Anionic stabilized citrate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by reducing the tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate with trisodium citrate. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band was used in the characterization of synthesized AuNPs, as well as transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging, which was used in the characterization of dispersed and aggregated gold nanoparticles. Interactions of nucleobases with the gold surface was analyzed by following the plasmon absorbance band red shift of the AuNPs. The sulfur-containing compounds adsorbed to the nanoparticle surfaces by chemisorption-type interactions; with TU and 4TU, the process is accompanied by a sudden change in color; in contrast, 2TU forms stable functionalized gold nanoparticles. Urea and U do not adsorb to nanoparticle surfaces, but the other heterocyclic bases containing nitrogen interact effectively with the gold surface, causing the assembly of nanoparticles, even though the interparticle self-aggregation process was slower than that mediated by either TU or 4TU. The method is efficient in the colorimetric detection of nucleobases and derivatives at concentration levels on the order of 1 µM.

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Mérai, László, László Janovák, Dániel Sándor Kovács, Imre Szenti, Lívia Vásárhelyi, Ákos Kukovecz, Imre Dékány, Zoltán Kónya, and Dániel Sebők. "Fast optical method for characterizing plasmonic nanoparticle adhesion on functionalized surfaces." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, no. 14 (December 24, 2019): 3395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-02307-x.

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AbstractIn this paper, a rapid optical method for characterizing plasmonic (gold) nanoparticle (AuNP) adhesion is presented. Two different methods were used for AuNP preparation: the well-known Turkevich method resulted in particles with negative surface charge; for preparing AuNPs with positive surface charge, stainless steel was used as reducing agent. The solid surface for adhesion was provided by a column packed with pristine or surface-modified glass beads. The size of the nanoparticles was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); the surface charge of the components was determined by streaming potential measurements. The characterization of adhesion was performed in a flow system by UV-Vis spectroscopy. During the adhesion experiments, the role of the surface charge, the particle size, and the pH were studied, as well as the adhered amount of gold nanoparticles and the surface coverage values. The latter was estimated by theoretical calculations and defined by the quotient of the measured and the maximal adhered amount of nanoparticles, which could be determined by the cross-sectional area of the NPs and the specific surface area of the glass beads. The results are verified by the polarization reflectometric interference spectroscopy (PRIfS) method: silica nanoparticles with diameters of a few hundred (d~450) nanometers were immobilized on the surface of glass substrate by the Langmuir–Blodgett method, the surface was modified similar to the 3D (continuous flow packed column) system, and gold nanoparticles from different pH solutions were adhered during the measurements. These kinds of modified surfaces allow the investigation of biomolecule adsorption in the same reflectometric setup.

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Du, Linlin, Yijia Lao, Yui Sasaki, Xiaojun Lyu, Peng Gao, Si Wu, Tsuyoshi Minami, and Yuanli Liu. "Freshness monitoring of raw fish by detecting biogenic amines using a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor array." RSC Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 6803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00160h.

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28

Kim, Hyun-Ji, Kie Yong Cho, Seung Sang Hwang, Dong Hoon Choi, Min Jae Ko, and Kyung-Youl Baek. "Controlled synthesis of multi-armed P3HT star polymers with gold nanoparticle core." RSC Advances 6, no. 54 (2016): 49206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06926f.

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Well-defined multi-armed P3HT star polymers with a gold nanoparticle (NP) core were synthesized by an arm-first method based on a ligand exchange reaction between linear end-functionalized P3HT (P3HT-SH) and gold NPs.

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Du, Lingyun, Wei Ji, Yuanfu Zhang, Chunyan Zhang, Guofu Liu, and Shuhao Wang. "An ultrasensitive detection of 17β-estradiol using a gold nanoparticle-based fluorescence immunoassay." Analyst 140, no. 6 (2015): 2001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01952k.

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Li, Junbo, Yanqiang Yang, Jinghua Wang, Bing Zhang, Honghong Chang, and Wenlong Wei. "Resonance Rayleigh scattering detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor based on an aptamer-functionalized gold-nanoparticle probe." Analytical Methods 10, no. 24 (2018): 2910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00860d.

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31

Black, Kvar C. L., Walter J. Akers, Gail Sudlow, Baogang Xu, Richard Laforest, and Samuel Achilefu. "Dual-radiolabeled nanoparticle SPECT probes for bioimaging." Nanoscale 7, no. 2 (2015): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05269b.

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Wang, Dandan, Guohua Qi, Ya Zhou, Ying Zhang, Bo Wang, Ping Hu, and Yongdong Jin. "Single-cell ATP detection and content analyses in electrostimulus-induced apoptosis using functionalized glass nanopipettes." Chemical Communications 56, no. 10 (2020): 1561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08889j.

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Veerakumar, Pitchaimani, Arumugam Sangili, Shen-Ming Chen, and King-Chuen Lin. "Ultrafine gold nanoparticle embedded poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)–graphene oxide hydrogels for voltammetric determination of an antimicrobial drug (metronidazole)." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 22 (2020): 7575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06690j.

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Sun, Xudong, Jing Dong, Jinan Li, Mingliang Ye, Junjie Ou, Lingyi Zhang, and Weibing Zhang. "Au–cysteine modified macroporous adsorption resin: preparation and highly selective enrichment and identification of N-linked glycopeptides from the complex biological sample." RSC Advances 6, no. 114 (2016): 113058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24236g.

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Mioc, Marius, Alexandra Mioc, Roxana Racoviceanu, Roxana Ghiulai, Alexandra Prodea, Andreea Milan, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Camelia Oprean, Viviana Ivan, and Codruța Șoica. "The Antimelanoma Biological Assessment of Triterpenic Acid Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010421.

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One of several promising strategies for increasing the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of high-lipophilic biologically active compounds is gold nanoparticle formulation. The current study describes the synthesis and biological antimelanoma evaluation of three triterpen-functionalized gold nanoparticles, obtained using our previously reported antimelanoma benzotriazole-triterpenic acid esters. Functionalized gold nanoparticle (GNP) formation was validated through UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy. The conjugate’s cytotoxic effects were investigated using HaCaT healthy keratinocytes and A375 human melanoma cells. On A375 cells, all three conjugates demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxic activity, but no significant cytotoxic effects were observed on normal HaCaT keratinocytes. GNP-conjugates were found to be more cytotoxic than their parent compounds. After treatment with all three GNP-conjugates, 4,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining revealed morphological changes consistent with apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that the triterpene-GNP conjugate treated A375 melanoma cells had a fold change increase in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression and a fold change decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. In A735 melanoma cells, high-resolution respirometry studies revealed that all three GNP-conjugates act as selective inhibitors of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, by examining the effect on each mitochondrial respiratory rate, the results indicate that all three conjugates are capable of increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an apoptosis trigger in cancer cells.

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Cao, Yong, Bethany Griffith, Prasanna Bhomkar, David S. Wishart, and Mark T. McDermott. "Functionalized gold nanoparticle-enhanced competitive assay for sensitive small-molecule metabolite detection using surface plasmon resonance." Analyst 143, no. 1 (2018): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an01680h.

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Chassé, Melissa, and Geniece L. Hallett-Tapley. "Gold nanoparticle-functionalized niobium oxide perovskites as photocatalysts for visible light-induced aromatic alcohol oxidations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 7 (July 2018): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0673.

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Spherical gold nanoparticles have been supported onto the surface of potassium niobium oxide perovskites, an underdeveloped class of semiconductor in photocatalytic organic transformations. The nanoparticle dopants of 9.5 nm in diameter and surface plasmon absorption at 530 nm are examined as possible visible light induced catalysts using alcohol photooxidation as the probe reaction. The nanomaterial-induced photooxidation of a series of aromatic alcohols is examined, in the absence of solvent, as a function of base, H2O2, and catalyst concentrations, as well as using multiple visible light sources. This experimental methodology affords extremely selective photooxidation to the carbonyl products (>99%) in as little as 2 h. Using the results obtained from the substitution of the aromatic alcohol, the proposed photocatalytic mechanism is suggested to rely heavily on plasmon-initiated electron transfer from the gold nanoparticle surface to the potassium niobium oxide perovskite and subsequent reductive decomposition of H2O2. This photodegradation step is proposed to favor the formation of ketyl radical species, a key intermediate in the visible light induced mechanism that undergoes both an electron and proton transfer to facilitate formation of the final, carbonyl products. Furthermore, the gold nanoparticle – potassium niobium oxide catalyst exhibits moderate reusability, highly desired in the realm of heterogeneous catalysis.

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Li, Juan, Cheng Yang, Wen-Long Wang, and Xiu-Ping Yan. "Functionalized gold and persistent luminescence nanoparticle-based ratiometric absorption and TR-FRET nanoplatform for high-throughput sequential detection of l-cysteine and insulin." Nanoscale 10, no. 31 (2018): 14931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04414g.

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Xie, Zhenzhen, Mandapati V. Ramakrishnam Raju, Prasadanie K. Adhihetty, Xiao-An Fu, and Michael H. Nantz. "Effect of Thiol Molecular Structure on the Sensitivity of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Chemiresistors toward Carbonyl Compounds." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 7024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247024.

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Increasing both the sensitivity and selectivity of thiol-functionalized gold nanoparticle chemiresistors remains a challenging issue in the quest to develop real-time gas sensors. The effects of thiol molecular structure on such sensor properties are not well understood. This study investigates the effects of steric as well as electronic effects in a panel of substituted thiol-urea compounds on the sensing properties of thiolate monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle chemiresistors. Three series of urea-substituted thiols with different peripheral end groups were synthesized for the study and used to prepare gold nanoparticle-based chemiresistors. The responses of the prepared sensors to trace volatile analytes were significantly affected by the urea functional motifs. The largest response for sensing acetone among the three series was observed for the thiol-urea sensor featuring a tert-butyl end group. Furthermore, the ligands fitted with N, N’-dialkyl urea moieties exhibit a much larger response to carbonyl analytes than the more acidic urea series containing N-alkoxy-N’-alkyl urea and N, N’-dialkoxy urea groups with the same peripheral end groups. The results show that the peripheral molecular structure of thiolate-coated gold nanoparticles plays a critical role in sensing target analytes.

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Alias, Siti Hajar, Sydwel Syron Sondig Sondig, Abd Mutalib Md Jani, and Hanani Yazid. "Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanohybrids." Advanced Materials Research 1024 (August 2014): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1024.79.

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A nanostructured hybrid consisting of a high-density and uniform assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is always desired and demanded in various applications. However, a simple, cost effective and highly efficiency method is required in the fabrication of MWCNTs-AuNPs nanohybrids. This study introduces a method where MWCNTs were functionalizing with nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in ratio of 1:3 v/v by using ultrasonication. These functionalized MWCNTs served as substrates for gold nanoparticle deposition. Later, it was pre-mixed with tri-sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7.2H2O), next it was reacted with nobel metal (AuNPs) via the addition of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) at various pH. When HAuCl4 was added to the reaction system, Au3+ was directly reduced at the surface of the MWCNTs and gold nanoparticles were assembled along the MWCNTs. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and dispersion test were used to characterize the MWCNTs/AuNPs nanocomposites. The fully functionalized MWCNTs using acid oxidation at 4 hour using ultrasonication were used in synthesis of nanohybrids, and the optimum gold yield on MWCNTs obtained at pH 4. Compared to other methods, these procedures require low temperature without involving the need of any catalyst or surfactant which results in a simple and efficient method for fabrication of gold nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes.

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Diego, Michele, Marco Gandolfi, Stefano Giordano, Fabien Vialla, Aurélien Crut, Fabrice Vallée, Paolo Maioli, Natalia Del Fatti, and Francesco Banfi. "Tuning photoacoustics with nanotransducers via thermal boundary resistance and laser pulse duration." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 25 (December 19, 2022): 252201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135147.

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The photoacoustic effect in liquids, generated by metal nanoparticles excited with short laser pulses, offers high contrast imaging and promising medical treatment techniques. Understanding the role of the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and the laser pulse duration in the generation mechanism of acoustic waves is essential to implement efficient photoacoustic nanotransducers. This work theoretically investigates, for the paradigmatic case of water-immersed gold nanocylinders, the role of the TBR and laser pulse duration in the competition between the launching mechanisms: the thermophone and the mechanophone. In the thermophone, the nanoparticle acts as a nanoheater and the wave is launched by water thermal expansion. In the mechanophone, the nanoparticle directly acts as a nanopiston. Specifically, for a gold–water interface, the thermophone prevails under ns light pulse irradiation, while the mechanophone dominates shortening the pulse to the 10 ps regime. For a graphene-functionalized gold–water interface, instead, the mechanophone dominates over the entire range of explored laser pulse durations. The results point to high-TBR, liquid-immersed nanoparticles as potentially efficient photoacoustic nanogenerators, with the advantage of keeping the liquid environment temperature unaltered.

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Singh, Manorama, Anjumala Sahu, Suhasini Mahata, Puneet K. Singh, Vijai K. Rai, and Ankita Rai. "Efficient electrochemical determination of p-aminophenol using a novel tricomponent graphene-based nanocomposite." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 37 (2019): 14972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03680f.

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Design and synthesis of a gold nanoparticle@dithiooxamide functionalized graphene (AuNP@DFG) nanocomposite is reported herein, which is employed for the electrochemical determination of p-aminophenol successfully.

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Lee, Kwang-Geol, Hyun-Woo Kihm, and Dai-Sik Kim. "Polarizability Tensor Measurements of Gold Nanoparticle Functionalized Tips: Ellipsometry." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 55, no. 6 (December 15, 2009): 2392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.55.2392.

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Mandal, Suman, Koushik Debnath, Nihar R. Jana, and Nikhil R. Jana. "Trehalose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle for Inhibiting Intracellular Protein Aggregation." Langmuir 33, no. 49 (November 27, 2017): 13996–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02202.

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Abraham, Shiju, Narsingh R. Nirala, Shobhit Pandey, Monika Srivastava, Sunil Srivastava, Bernd Walkenfort, and Anchal Srivastava. "Functional graphene–gold nanoparticle hybrid system for enhanced electrochemical biosensing of free cholesterol." Analytical Methods 7, no. 9 (2015): 3993–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00050e.

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Realizing the unavailability of fast and reliable diagnostic techniques, this work reports the development of cost effective bioelectrodes based on a reduced graphene oxide–functionalized gold nanoparticle hybrid system.

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Sun, Hongxiao, Min Hong, Qiangqiang Yang, Chuan Li, Guangzhi Zhang, Qiaoli Yue, Yanhua Ma, Xia Li, and Chen-Zhong Li. "Visualizing the down-regulation of hTERT mRNA expression using gold-nanoflare probes and verifying the correlation with cancer cell apoptosis." Analyst 144, no. 9 (2019): 2994–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00204a.

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Agudelo, Wilson, Yuliet Montoya, Alejandra Garcia-Garcia, Adriana Restrepo-Osorio, and John Bustamante. "Electrochemical and Electroconductive Behavior of Silk Fibroin Electrospun Membrane Coated with Gold or Silver Nanoparticles." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111154.

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The surface modification of materials obtained from natural polymers, such as silk fibroin with metal nanoparticles that exhibit intrinsic electrical characteristics, allows the obtaining of biocomposite materials capable of favoring the propagation and conduction of electrical impulses, acting as communicating structures in electrically isolated areas. On that basis, this investigation determined the electrochemical and electroconductive behavior through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of a silk fibroin electrospun membrane from silk fibrous waste functionalized with gold or silver nanoparticles synthetized by green chemical reduction methodologies. Based on the results obtained, we found that silk fibroin from silk fibrous waste (SFw) favored the formation of gold (AuNPs-SFw) and silver (AgNPs-SFw) nanoparticles, acting as a reducing agent and surfactant, forming a micellar structure around the individual nanoparticle. Moreover, different electrospinning conditions influenced the morphological properties of the fibers, in the presence or absence of beads and the amount of sample collected. Furthermore, treated SFw electrospun membranes, functionalized with AuNPs-SFw or AgNPS-SFw, allowed the conduction of electrical stimuli, acting as stimulators and modulators of electric current.

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Slesiona, Nicole, Sophie Thamm, H. Lisa K. S. Stolle, Viktor Weißenborn, Philipp Müller, Andrea Csáki, and Wolfgang Fritzsche. "DNA-Biofunctionalization of CTAC-Capped Gold Nanocubes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061119.

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Clinical diagnostics and disease control are fields that strongly depend on technologies for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of biological or chemical analytes. Nanoparticles have become an integral part in various biomedical detection devices and nanotherapeutics. An increasing focus is laid on gold nanoparticles as they express less cytotoxicity, high stability, and hold unique optical properties with the ability of signal transduction of biological recognition events with enhanced analytical performance. Strong electromagnetic field enhancements can be found in close proximity to the nanoparticle that can be exploited to enhance signals for e.g., metal-enhanced fluorescence or Raman spectroscopy. Even stronger field enhancements can be achieved with sharp-edged nanoparticles, which are synthesized with the help of facet blocking agents, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/CTAC). However, chemical modification of the nanoparticle surface is necessary to reduce the particle’s cytotoxicity, stabilize it against aggregation, and to bioconjugate it with biomolecules to increase its biocompatibility and/or specificity for analytical applications. Here, a reliable two-step protocol following a ligand exchange with bis (p-sulfonatophenyl) phenyl phosphine (BSPP) as the intermediate capping-agent is demonstrated, which results in the reliable biofunctionalization of CTAC-capped gold nanocubes with thiol-modified DNA. The functionalized nanocubes have been characterized regarding their electric potential, plasmonic properties, and stability against high concentrations of NaCl and MgCl2.

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Cruz and Kayser. "Synthesis and Enhanced Cellular Uptake In Vitro of Anti-HER2 Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles." Cancers 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060870.

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Nanoparticle carriers offer the possibility of enhanced delivery of therapeutic payloads in tumor tissues due to tumor-selective accumulation through the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). Gold nanoparticles (AuNP), in particular, possess highly appealing features for development as nanomedicines, such as biocompatibility, tunable optical properties and a remarkable ease of surface functionalization. Taking advantage of the latter, several strategies have been designed to increase treatment specificity of gold nanocarriers by attaching monoclonal antibodies on the surface, as a way to promote selective interactions with the targeted cells—an approach referred to as active-targeting. Here, we describe the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) as an active targeting agent that carries a cytotoxic payload. In addition, we enhanced the intracellular delivery properties of the carrier by attaching a cell penetrating peptide to the active-targeted nanoparticles. We demonstrate that the antibody retains high receptor-affinity after the structural modifications performed for drug-conjugation and nanoparticle attachment. Furthermore, we show that antibody attachment increases cellular uptake in HER2 amplified cell lines selectively, and incorporation of the cell penetrating peptide leads to a further increase in cellular internalization. Nanoparticle-bound antibody-drug conjugates retain high antimitotic potency, which could contribute to a higher therapeutic index in high EPR tumors.

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Pichardo-Molina, Juan Luis, Ana Pamela Alejandra Andrade-Pérez, Jacqueline Torres-Ramírez, Juan Carlos Martínez-Espinosa, Julio Cesar Villagómez-Castro, José Pedro Castruita-Domínguez, Iván Salgado Tránsito, and Lérida Liss Flores-Villavicencio. "Biological Impact of the Interaction of Functionalized and Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticles of Different Sizes on HeLa and SH-SY5Y Human Cell Lines." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9711723.

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Nanotechnology opens new perspectives in many science and technology fields through new materials, such as metal nanoparticles. The biomedical field is one of these areas where nanoparticles offer promising application in the diagnosis and therapy of disease, generating biosensors for disease detection, bioimaging, and drug delivery. However, the controversy about whether nanoparticles are inert or exhibit different degrees of toxicity related to their physicochemical properties remains a subject of study and debate. This work shows how gold nanoparticles and nanorods were simultaneously functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and methoxypolyethylene glycol thiol (mPEG-SH). Then, folic acid (FA) gold nanoparticle bioconjugates caused diverse biological effects on HeLa and SH-SY5Y cell cultures after 24 h of incubation, when they were evaluated in the range of gold concentrations from 0.17 to 350 μM. We found notable changes in cell metabolic activity, viability, and biomass. 16 nm nanoparticles produced the most enhanced damage for functionalized (AuNPs) and bioconjugated (AuNPs-FA) nanoparticles, which we expected to be more biocompatible when coated with FA. Besides, epifluorescence images showed damage to F-actin microfilaments, adhesion and cell attachment loss, morphology changes (cells became round and detached), presence of blebs, and rupture of cell membrane. These results suggested that both AuNPs and AuNPs-FA have significant biological impact on HeLa and SH-SY5Y cell cultures, whereas gold nanorods showed significant changes only in the metabolic activity of SH-SY5Y cells when they were exposed to gold nanorods of 23 and 27 nm in length with a diameter of 5 nm, and crystal violet did not show evidence of toxicity.

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