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Journal articles on the topic 'Functionalized carbon'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Gautam, S. S., G. P. Satsangi, and V. R. Satsangi. "Chemical Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanoscience and Technology 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.307.20060302.

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This research work is attempted to synthesize, functionalize and to characterize multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The synthesis of multi walled carbon nanotubes was done by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The characterization of MWCNTs was done by adopting the following techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline quality of MWCNTs was confirmed from the analysis of X-ray diffraction pattern. FE-SEM image obtained for MWCNTs and functionalized MWCNTs and it has been seen that dimeter of most of the MWCNTs lies around 90 nm, where as, functionalized MWCNTs diameter is smaller i.e., around 35 nm only. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study confirmed the presence of –COOH and H- bonded –OH in functionalized MWCNTs.

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2

Liang, Weibing, Ming Chen, Lin Li, Liqiang Yan, Xiuli Wang, Xiongzhi Wu, and Chenghong Lei. "Polyethyleneimine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Enabling Potent Antimycotic Activity of Lyticase." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050959.

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In this work, the positively-charged polymer polyethyleneimine was used to functionalize carbon nanotubes and activated carbon to load antimycotic enzyme lyticase. Interestingly, polyethyleneimine played a dual role functionalizing carbon materials to synergistically enhance antimycotic activity of loaded lyticase as well as exhibiting its own apparent antimycotic activity, where the enhanced enzymatic activity of loaded lyticase on functionalized carbon nanotubes was more than 2.8 times as high as the activity of free enzyme in solution. The actual activity of loaded lyticase on functionalized carbon nanotubes was applied with Penicillium janthinellum, exhibiting much faster digesting lysis of the bacteria in comparison with free lyticase. The synergistic and potent antimycotic activities from combined action of antimycotic lyticase and polyethyleneimine on carbon nanotubes provides a new antimycotic protection for medicine, food industry, and other biochemical processes.

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3

Wang, Tzong-Liu, Chin-Chung Yu, Chien-Hsin Yang, Yeong-Tarng Shieh, Yu-Zen Tsai, and Na-Fu Wang. "Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of Polyurethane-Grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Derived Polyurethane Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/814903.

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We incorporated hydroxyl groups into the polyurethane backbone and then used the “grafting to” approach to functionalize the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via the esterification reaction between MWNTs and segmented polyurethanes (PUs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra showed that the sidewalls of MWNTs had been functionalized with acid treatment, and the amount of COOH increased with increasing acid treatment time. FTIR spectra further confirmed that PU was covalently attached to the sidewalls of MWNTs. The functionalized acid amount and the grafted PU amount were determined by thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs). Comparative studies based on SEM images of the PU-functionalized and chemically defunctionalized MWNT samples also revealed the covalent coating character. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of nanocomposite films prepared from PU and PU-functionalized MWNTs showed enhanced mechanical properties and increased soft segment . Tensile properties indicated that PU-functionalized MWNTs were effective reinforcing fillers for the polyurethane matrix.

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4

Hong, Mi-Kyoung, Woong-Ki Choi, Jong-Hyun Park, Yun-Su Kuk, Byoung-Suhk Kim, and Min-Kang Seo. "Relationship Between Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Damping Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites for Shaft." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 6862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18810.

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The mechanical properties and damping behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were examined. The functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were blended with epoxy resins to prepare multi-walled carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites. The dispersion properties of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy resins were examined using surface free energy. The mechanical properties of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites were measured by interlaminar shear strength and torsion strength. The functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites had superior mechanical properties due to the increase in dispersion properties of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy resins. However, the tan delta values of damping behavior, analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis, varied with the type of functional groups of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The composites obtained from functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes obtained through spermidine amidation reaction and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic showed excellent tan delta values due to the flexible segments in side chains.

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5

Janudin, Nurjahirah, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Norli Abdullah, Faizah Md Yasin, Norshafiqah Mohamad Saidi, and Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim. "Comparison and Characterization of Acid Functionalization of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Various Methods." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.83.

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Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is one of several methods used to improve the compatibility of CNT. Even though acid functionalised method is effective, the strong acids such as H2SO4/HNO3 were normally employed and long hours of sonication is used to disperse the CNTs in the solution frequently can damage the nanotube, thus limiting their great performance as mechanical and electrical reinforcements. Here we are reporting comparison between three methods used in acid functionalized treatments of MWCNT. The first method, MWCNT was functionalized using ultra sonication water bath and followed by reflux (Method A). The second method, MWCNT was functionalized using ultrasonication water bath only for 2 hours (Method B). Finally, the third method MWCNT was functionalized using ultrasonication water bath only for 6 hours (Method C). Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to examine the general relationship between the chemical treatment and the amount of non-graphitic carbon. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that MWCNT functionalized using Method C suffered the highest degree degradation such as, nanotube shortening and additional defect generation in the graphitic network. Method B proved to be the most effective for this aim.

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6

Li, Jiang Tao. "A Mild Method Prepared Carboxy Carbon Nanocage." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.742.

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Here we report for on the functionalization of ordered cage-type mesoporous carbons through a simple oxidation using ammonium perchlorate (AP). The degree of functionalization can be easily controlled by the simple adjustment of the oxidation parameters such as oxidation time, AP concentration and oxidation temperature. The functionalized materials have been unambiguously characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, FT-IR and TEM measurements. It has been found that the functionalized carbon nanocage, ‘‘carboxy carbon nanocage’’.

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7

Song, Shiqiang, Chaoying Wan, and Yong Zhang. "Non-covalent functionalization of graphene oxide by pyrene-block copolymers for enhancing physical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)." RSC Advances 5, no. 97 (2015): 79947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14967c.

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Pyrene-functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polydimethylsiloxane (Py-PMMA-b-PDMS) copolymers were synthesized via ARGET ATRP method and further used to functionalize GO through the π–π interaction between pyrene and the carbon sheets.

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8

Haghmoradkhani, Ali, Alireza Pardakhti, and Mohammad Ali Zahed. "Evaluation of adsorption efficiency of activated carbon functionalized with methyl diethanolamine in carbon dioxide gas." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 9, no. 3 (August 14, 2022): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.27.

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Background: Adsorption is a process in which some of the components in the fluid phase, are selectively transferred to the surface of the porous solid particles in the filled bed, which is called the adsorbent. The aim of this study was to examine the adsorption effectiveness of CO2 by activated carbon functionalized with methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), as well as the effects of adsorption temperature, the total pressure of adsorption, and mass of adsorbent. Methods: Activated carbon was first produced using the desired biomasses and suitable activated carbon was chosen. The activated carbon was then functionalized with MDEA amination method. The crystal structure of adsorbents was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. In addition, the porosity, specific surface area and structure of prepared activated carbon were measured using BET techniques. Finally, the morphology and strength of the functional groups were measured using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Results: The findings of the FESEM and BET analyses for functionalized activated carbon revealed that the specific surface area of the adsorbent increased throughout the chemical and physical modification process, resulting in a BET amount of 725/84 m2 /g. The results showed that the selectivity of the functionalized activated carbon is greater than that of the non-functionalized adsorbent. Conclusion: The adsorption capacity of functionalized activated carbon was 3.98 mmol CO2 g-1 sorbent, compared to 2.587 mmol CO2 g-1 sorbent in the non-functionalized carbon, indicating a 35% improvement in the efficiency of the functionalized sample. According to the findings of the desorption experiments, functionalized carbon shows a 25% decrease in CO2 adsorption efficiency after 20 desorption steps.

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9

Breitwieser, Andreas, Philipp Siedlaczek, Helga Lichtenegger, Uwe B. Sleytr, and Dietmar Pum. "S-Layer Protein Coated Carbon Nanotubes." Coatings 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080492.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have already been considered for medical applications due to their small diameter and ability to penetrate cells and tissues. However, since CNTs are chemically inert and non-dispersible in water, they have to be chemically functionalized or coated with biomolecules to carry payloads or interact with the environment. Proteins, although often only randomly bound to the CNT surface, are preferred because they provide a better biocompatibility and present functional groups for binding additional molecules. A new approach to functionalize CNTs with a closed and precisely ordered protein layer is offered by bacterial surface layer (S-layer) proteins, which have already attracted much attention in the functionalization of surfaces. We could demonstrate that bacterial S-layer proteins (SbpA of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 and the recombinant fusion protein rSbpA31-1068GG comprising the S-layer protein and two copies of the IgG binding region of Protein G) can be used to disperse and functionalize oxidized multi walled CNTs. Following a simple protocol, a complete surface coverage with a long-range crystalline S-layer lattice can be obtained. When rSbpA31-1068GG was used for coating, the introduced functionality could be confirmed by binding gold labeled antibodies via the IgG binding domain of the fusion protein. Since a great variety of functional S-layer fusion proteins has already been described, our new technology has the potential for a broad spectrum of functionalized CNTs.

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10

Song, Yang, Xiongwu Kang, Nathaniel B. Zuckerman, Bruce Phebus, Joseph P. Konopelski, and Shaowei Chen. "Ferrocene-functionalized carbon nanoparticles." Nanoscale 3, no. 5 (2011): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00953a.

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11

Pagona, Georgia, Georgios Rotas, Ioannis D. Petsalakis, Giannoula Theodorakopoulos, Jing Fan, Alan Maigné, Masako Yudasaka, Sumio Iijima, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Soluble Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 3468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.821.

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12

Balasubramanian, Kannan, and Marko Burghard. "Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." Small 1, no. 2 (February 2005): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200400118.

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13

Shin, Y., G. E. Fryxell, W. Um, K. Parker, S. V. Mattigod, and R. Skaggs. "Sulfur-Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon." Advanced Functional Materials 17, no. 15 (October 15, 2007): 2897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200601230.

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14

Auner, Norbert, Hans-Uwe Steinberger, and Bernhard Herrschaft. "Carbon=Carbon Hydrogenation of Silicon-Functionalized Silaheterocycles." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 1999, no. 7 (July 1999): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199907)1999:7<1095::aid-ejic1095>3.0.co;2-d.

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15

Royan, R. Nishata, Abu Bakar Sulong, Hendra Suherman, and Jaafar Sahari. "Effect of Wet Oxidation on the Dispersion and Electrical Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.162.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical and electrical properties than conventional materials (carbon black and glass fibers), and are promising candidates as reinforcement material for composites. Formation of electrical conductive with effective dispersion of filler remains a main challenge in the polymer matrix and fillers in order to achieve a good electrical conductivity. Therefore, one of the solutions is to functionalize through wet oxidation of the CNTs besides adding surfactants or assisted liquids. Functionalization of CNTs involves the generation of chemical moieties on their surface that can improve the solubility and processibility. Any functionalization that is undertaken must preferably not influence other key properties such as strength and electrical conductivity of the nano-composite. The matrix used in this study was epoxy and reinforcement filler was multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs were treated with sulfuric acid and nitric acid at 3:1 (v/v) ratio. The present of functional groups on CNTS were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). Different weight percentages of MWCNTs (functionalized and as produced) / epoxy composite were prepared. The electrical conductivity of functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites and as produced MWCNTs nanocomposites were measured by the four point probe. Dispersion state of CNTs in epoxy matrix was observed on fractured surface by scanning electron microscopic. Functionalized CNTs gave better dispersion stability in solvents than non-functionalized CNTs. As expected, non- functionalized CNTs (as produced MWCNTs) are not dispersed at all in all the solvents. However, functionalized CNTs composites give low electrical conductivity. Defects from acid treatment are assumed will damage the original chirality of as produced CNTs and give unbalance polarization on the CNTs, which are the reasons for no formation of conductive pathway networks of acid treated CNTs under electric field.

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16

Singh, Akhileshwar, and Dinesh Kumar. "Temperature effects on the interfacial behavior of functionalized carbon nanotube–polyethylene nanocomposite using molecular dynamics simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 233, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397791418817852.

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The present study investigates the interfacial behavior of functionalized carbon nanotube–polyethylene nanocomposite at different temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations, utilizing the second-generation polymer consistent force field. The carboxylic acid group is used to functionalize the carbon nanotube. In order to calculate interfacial interaction energy and interfacial shear strength of the nanocomposite, various pull-out tests are performed at different temperatures in the range of 1–400 K. The effect of functionalization on the interfacial interaction energy, interfacial shear strength, and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite are studied in comparison to pristine carbon nanotube–reinforced nanocomposite. Results reveal that for all temperatures and degrees of functionalization, the chirality (i.e. armchair and zigzag) of carbon nanotube has a significant effect on interfacial interaction energy and interfacial shear strength of the nanocomposite. It is also found that functionalizing the carbon nanotube in carbon nanotube–polyethylene nanocomposite enhances its interfacial shear strength at different temperatures. Furthermore, a sudden drop in the value of interfacial interaction energy and interfacial shear strength of the pristine as well as functionalized carbon nanotube–reinforced nanocomposite is observed at a temperature near to its glass transition temperature.

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17

Singhai, Nidhi Jain, and Suman Ramteke. "Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Emerging Applications in the Diverse Biomedical Arena." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666200107145528.

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Background: In recent times, CNTs have been much explored, and a topic of interest in science and technology and not limited to any specific field. The diverse application area included field emission, energy storage, atomic electronics, nuclear force microscopy, and imaging. In biology, CNTs engaged in developing novel tools for the delivery of biologically important molecules as well as in diverse biomedical arenas. However, despite their promise, studies of the interaction of CNTs with biological systems most often resulted in cytotoxicity at an early stage, and problems relevant to the safety and biological compatibility of CNTs are of greatest importance. The toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are required to be either evaded, diminished, or decreased up-to clinical acceptance level. However, rich surface chemistry that CNTs possess can be employed to functionalize them as per the specific biomedical requirements which may be useful to overcome toxicity issues. Objective: To explore the recent reports on the functionalized CNTs for a variety of biomedical applications such as biosensing, electrochemical detection of drug, bone tissue engineering, and vitamin detection. Results: Most of the cited articles reveal that the functionalization of CNTs may reduce its toxicity and enhance its utilization in different biological applications. Conclusion: The review successfully frames to provide novel applications of functionalized CNTs in the biomedical arena including detection of vitamins, bone tissue engineering, electrochemical determination of drugs, and development of biosensors along with a discussion on current patent and clinical trial status of functionalized CNTs.

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18

Prodana, Mariana, Adriana Voiculet, Sorina Garea, Mihaela Radu, Horia Iovu, Ioana Demetrescu, and Anca Dinischiotu. "Synthesis, characterization and controlled toxicity of a novel hybrid material based on cisplatin and docetaxel." Open Chemistry 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0536-0.

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AbstractThis paper is focused on the synthesis and characterization of a novel hybrid material based on cisplatin and docetaxel-loaded functionalized simultanously carbon nanotubes able to be used in cancer therapy as drug delivery system with controlled toxicity. This material was physico-chemically investigated by determining the structure, as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and its stability was studied with the aid of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The amount of platinum ions released into the solution of simulated body fluid (SBF) was highlighted by coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Toxicology experiments were performed with MDA-MB 231 breast cancer epithelial cells. The performance of the new drug delivery hybrid material was compared with functionalised carbon nanotubes with therapeutic agents functionalized with a single therapeutic agent.

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19

Chandra, Boggarapu Praphulla, Zheqiong Wu, Susana Addo Ntim, Golakoti Nageswara Rao, and Somenath Mitra. "The Effect of Functional Group Polarity in Palladium Immobilized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Catalysis: Application in Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reaction." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091511.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are effective supports for nanometals and together they represent hybrids that combine the unique properties of both. A microwave-induced reaction was used to deposit nanopalladium on carboxylated and octadecylamine functionalized multiwall CNTs, which were used to carry out C–C coupling reactions in dimethylformamide (DMF) and toluene. These hybrids showed excellent catalytic activity with yield as high as 99.8%, while its enhancement with respect to commercially available Pd/C catalyst reached as high as 109%, and the reaction times were significantly lower. The polarity of the functionalized form was found to be a significant factor with the polar carboxylated CNT showing better activity in DMF while the relatively nonpolar octadecyl amine was better in toluene. The results suggest the possibility of tailor making functionalized CNTs when used as catalyst supports.

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20

Nadolska, Małgorzata, Marta Prześniak-Welenc, Marcin Łapiński, and Kamila Sadowska. "Synthesis of Phosphonated Carbon Nanotubes: New Insight into Carbon Nanotubes Functionalization." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112726.

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Carbon nanotubes were successfully functionalized for the first time in a free radical phosphonylation reaction. Three synthetic protocols were proposed. Carbon nanotubes and diethylphosphite reacted in the presence of known radical initiator, such as azobisisobutyronitrile, single electron oxidant—Mn(OAc)3, or under UV radiation. The functionalized material was fully characterized by means of spectroscopic methods, together with microscopic, surface area and thermogravimetric analyses. UV-illumination was found to be the most effective approach for introducing phosphonates onto carbon nanotubes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed 6% phosphorus in this sample. Moreover, the method was performed at room temperature for only one hour, using diethylphosphite as a reactant and as a solvent. The functionalized carbon nanotubes showed an improved thermal stability, with a decomposition onset temperature increase of more than 130 °C. This makes it very promising material for flame retarding applications.

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21

Babal, Arun Singh, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Jeevan Jyoti, Sushant Sharma, Abhishek Kumar Arya, and Sanjay R. Dhakate. "Synergistic effect on static and dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fiber-multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid polycarbonate composites." RSC Advances 6, no. 72 (2016): 67954–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08487g.

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22

Fu, Kefu, Weijie Huang, Yi Lin, Lance A. Riddle, David L. Carroll, and Ya-Ping Sun. "Defunctionalization of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes§." Nano Letters 1, no. 8 (August 2001): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl010040g.

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23

Ovsiienko, I., T. Len, L. Matzui, V. Tkachuk, I. Berkutov, I. Mirzoiev, Y. Prylutskyy, N. Tsierkezos, and U. Ritter. "Magnetoresistance of functionalized carbon nanotubes." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 47, no. 2-3 (January 29, 2016): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201600482.

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24

Fujii, Shintaro. "Scanning probe microscopy study of functionalized nanographene." Carbon Reports 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/carbon.010205.

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25

Tagmatarchis, Nikos, and Maurizio Prato. "Carbon-based materials: From fullerene nanostructures to functionalized carbon nanotubes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 10 (January 1, 2005): 1675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577101675.

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Self-assembly in morphological organization of various fullerene derivatives affords different supramolecular architectures. Nanospheres, tubules, and bundles of nanorods are formed depending on the nature of the organic group in the fullerene unit. The current work highlights an efficient method to fabricate almost perfect and uniformly shaped nanocrystals in a novel connection between spherical fullerene-based materials and fibrous nanotubes. In a parallel research line, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been functionalized using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. The organically functionalized CNTs, having improved solubility and potential for applications, are characterized by standard analytical methods as well as microscopy techniques.

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Campisi, Sebastiano, Sofia Capelli, Davide Motta, Felipe Trujillo, Thomas Davies, Laura Prati, Nikolaos Dimitratos, and Alberto Villa. "Catalytic Performances of Au–Pt Nanoparticles on Phosphorous Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers towards HMF Oxidation." C 4, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c4030048.

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Herein, we reported the utilization of pre-formed Au–Pt nanoparticles deposited on phosphorus functionalized carbons as effective catalysts for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Au–Pt nanoparticles have been prepared by a two-step methodology using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as protective agent and a combination of NaBH4 and H2 as reducing agents. Three carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with different graphitization degrees have been functionalized through treatment with an H3PO4–HNO3 mixture at 150 °C, in order to incorporate P groups on carbon surface. Surface and structural properties of the synthesized functionalized materials have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The structural and surface properties of carbon nanofibers determine the amount of P-functionalities, which is a key parameter affecting the catalytic performances of Au–Pt. Indeed, the highest activity and stability has been achieved for Au–Pt deposited on the sample, which showed the largest amount of P-groups on the surface.

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Kakran, Mitali, and Lin Li. "Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 508 (March 2012): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.508.76.

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Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Graphene Have Attracted Tremendous Attention as the Most Promising Carbon Nanomaterials in the 21st Century for a Variety of Applications such as Electronics, Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Neuroengineering, Gene Therapy and Biosensor Technology. For the Biomedical Applications, Cnts Have Been Utilized over Existing Drug Delivery Vectors due to their Ability to Cross Cell Membranes Easily and their High Aspect Ratio as Well as High Surface Area, which Provides Multiple Attachment Sites for Drug Targeting. Besides, it Has Also Been Proved that the Functionalization of CNTs May Remarkably Reduce their Cytotoxic Effects and at the Same Time Increase their Biocompatibility. So, the Functionalized CNTs Are Safer than Pristine or Purified CNTs, Thus Offering the Potential Exploitation of Nanotubes for Drug Administration. On the other Hand, More Recently Graphene and its Derivatives Have Been Enormously Investigated in the Biological Applications because of their Biocompatibility, Unique Conjugated Structure, Relatively Low Cost and Availability on both Sides of a Single Sheet for Drug Binding. In Our Study, we Have Covalently Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Graphene Oxide (GO) with Highly Hydrophilic and Biocompatible Excipients in Order to Increase their Aqueous Solubility and Biocompatibility. Various Excipients Used Were Polyvinyl Alcohol, Pluronic F38, Tween 80 and Maltodextrin. The Poorly Water-Soluble Anticancer Drugs such as, Camptothecin and Ellagic Acid, Were Loaded onto the Functionalized MWCNTs and GO via Non-Covalent Interactions. Furthermore, Drug Loading and Cytotoxic Activity of Drugs Incorporated with the Functionalized MWCNTs and GO as Nanocarriers Were Also Investigated. Drugs Loaded on both Carbon Nanocarriers Exhibited a Higher Cytotoxic Activity than Free Drug. On the other Hand, No Significant Toxicity Was Found even at Higher Concentrations when the Cells Were Incubated with the Functionalized Mwcnts and GO. Therefore, both these Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials Are Ideal Carriers for Drug Delivery.

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HILL, DARRON E., YI LIN, LAWRENCE F. ALLARD, and YA-PING SUN. "SOLUBILIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES VIA POLYMER ATTACHMENT." International Journal of Nanoscience 01, no. 03n04 (June 2002): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x02000334.

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Carbon nanotubes were functionalized by polystyrene copolymers, poly(styrene-co-hydroxymethylstyrene) and poly(styrene-co-aminomethylstyrene), under esterification and amidation reaction conditions, respectively. The polymer-attached carbon nanotubes are soluble in common organic solvents, forming colored homogeneous solutions. Results from the characterization of the functionalized carbon nanotubes are presented and discussed.

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29

Junidah, Abdul Shukor, Aziz Azizan, and Mariatti Jaafar. "Benzoyl Peroxide Initiated Grafting of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 364 (October 2011): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.489.

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A new method to functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) has been established using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The functionalization was carried out through free radical reaction by thermal decomposition of benzoyl peroxide at 110°C. The reaction liberated carbon dioxide and generated phenyl free radicals. The phenyl free radicals initiated in-situ functionalization represent a simple means of creating reactive site on the surface of MWNT as well as on APTES. The functionalized MWNT was characterized using X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results showed that the APTES has been successfully grafted onto MWNT. Due to the high radical reactive trap of MWNT, APTES radical are easily grafted onto MWNT surface to form covalent bond. XPS results clearly indicate alkoxylsilane and amide groups of APTES were grafted on the MWNT surface with the formation of C-O-Si and C-N bonds as evidence. From the XRD results, it was found that the surface functionalized does not give any effect on the MWNT graphitic structure.

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Ritter, U., N. G. Tsierkezos, Yu I. Prylutskyy, V. V. Cherepanov, A. I. Senenko, A. A. Marchenko, and A. G. Naumovets. "Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Aqueous Suspensions of Functionalized Single- and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 59, no. 4 (April 2014): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe59.04.0433.

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Tamore, Milind Shashikant, Debdatta Ratna, Satyendra Mishra, and Navinchandra Gopal Shimpi. "Effect of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on physicomechanical properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 22 (February 6, 2019): 3157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319827080.

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Ethyl-4-aminocinnamate functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes–reinforced silicone rubber nanocomposites were developed by means of compounding (two roll-mill) and molding (compression). Meanwhile, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized using a catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique and functionalized using ethyl-4-aminocinnamate. The as-synthesized and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were subjected to Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy to know the presence of the functional group with its shape and size. Further, silicone rubber nanocomposites were subjected to study its mechanical (tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break), thermal (stability), and physical (swelling index and hardness) properties. The amount of loading of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes was from 0 to 1 wt%. It was observed that with the increase in the amount of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes loading, the properties were found to be increased. This improvement was due to uniform dispersion with the alignment of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes inside the rubber matrix. Moreover, this improvement was due to weak functionalizing materials which make the surface smooth and glossy so as to facilitate uniform dispersion of materials. Also, thermal stability was found to be increased due to shifting of heat uniformly throughout the rubber matrix. Certainly, it reduces the swelling indices of silicone rubber as the chains are closely packed which does not allow a solution to get penetrated. This improvement in properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites was reflected from field emission scanning electron microscope, which shows uniform dispersion with the alignment of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes inside the rubber matrix.

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Mallakpour, Shadpour, and Samaneh Soltanian. "Morphology and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on chiral poly(ester-imide) matrix reinforced by vitamin B1 functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 16 (September 16, 2016): 2291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316669856.

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Chemical functionalization of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes with vitamin B1 was carried out under ultrasonic irradiation. The functionalized nanotubes were embedded in a chiral and biodegradable poly(ester-imide) to prepare multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Optically active poly(ester-imide) was synthesized by step-growth polymerization of aromatic diol and amino acid based diacid. The vitamin B1 functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the resulting nanocomposites were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that temperature at 10% weight loss was increased from 409℃ for pure PEI to 419℃, 427℃, and 430℃ for nanocomposites containing 5%, 10%, and 15% functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, respectively. The Fourier-transform scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images exhibited that the functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes were separated individually and enwrapped by polymer chains.

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Bagheri, Samira, Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. "Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Biomass for Photocatalysis Applications Perspective." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/218743.

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This review highlighted the developments of safe, effective, economic, and environmental friendly catalytic technologies to transform lignocellulosic biomass into the activated carbon (AC). In the photocatalysis applications, this AC can further be used as a support material. The limits of AC productions raised by energy assumption and product selectivity have been uplifted to develop sustainable carbon of the synthesis process, where catalytic conversion is accounted. The catalytic treatment corresponding to mild condition provided a bulk, mesoporous, and nanostructure AC materials. These characteristics of AC materials are necessary for the low energy and efficient photocatalytic system. Due to the excellent oxidizing characteristics, cheapness, and long-term stability, semiconductor materials have been used immensely in photocatalytic reactors. However, in practical, such conductors lead to problems with the separation steps and loss of photocatalytic activity. Therefore, proper attention has been given to develop supported semiconductor catalysts and certain matrixes of carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon microspheres, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, and activated carbons have been recently considered and reported. AC has been reported as a potential support in photocatalytic systems because it improves the transfer rate of the interface charge and lowers the recombination rate of holes and electrons.

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J. Haider, Mohammed, Duha S. Ahmed, M. R. Mohammad, and Adawiya J. Haider. "Modification of Functionalized Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Olive Oil as Economic Method for Bacterial Capture and Prevention." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 1513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2599.

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ABSTRACT: In the present work, a new and economic method of functionalized Multi walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) with olive oil has been improved as compared to the traditional methods, that composed of catalysts such as fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and triacylglycerols of oxidation power. This method is initiated by ultrasoniction the mixture which leads to functionalize the surface during the process of interaction with oil olive for a short time (30 min). Then, the results of this work were examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) to study the morphology of the surface treated with olive oil, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to confirm the functionalized method and using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that shows the formation of functional group on to MWCNTs surface such as C=O and COOH. The final part includes a study antibacterial activity of Multi walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) against gram negative (E. coli and Salmonella typhi) and gram positive (S. aureus) bacteria using direct cell counting. Besides, evaluating the antibacterial assays of treated MWCNTs after incubated for various time to elucidate the interaction between functionalized MWCNTs and cell membrane to determine the study the adsorption of bacteria on the surface of (MWCNTs), which are used in environmental applications, such as sensing of contaminated water and using as a filter.

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Lo, Julian C., Jinghan Gui, Yuki Yabe, Chung-Mao Pan, and Phil S. Baran. "Functionalized olefin cross-coupling to construct carbon–carbon bonds." Nature 516, no. 7531 (December 17, 2014): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14006.

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Brown, John M. "ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Functionalized Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds." ChemInform 31, no. 18 (June 8, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200018255.

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Ibrayev, N. Kh. "SPECTRAL AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CARBON QUANTUM DOTS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH N- AND S-CONTAINING GROUPS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no2/12-17.

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In the presented work, carbon quantum dots were obtained by microwave synthesis based on citric acid and Lcysteine. The resulting particles were characterized by electron and probe microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectral and luminescent properties were investigated for the initial solution of carbon quantum dots, as well as solutions obtained as a result of dialysis of the synthesized product. It is shown that all samples exhibit the same optical properties. At the same time, the measurement of quantum yields showed that carbon dots that have passed through the dialysis membrane have the best fluorescent ability.

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Kamran, Urooj, Young-Jung Heo, Ji Won Lee, and Soo-Jin Park. "Functionalized Carbon Materials for Electronic Devices: A Review." Micromachines 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10040234.

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Carbon-based materials, including graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), are very promising materials for developing future-generation electronic devices. Their efficient physical, chemical, and electrical properties, such as high conductivity, efficient thermal and electrochemical stability, and high specific surface area, enable them to fulfill the requirements of modern electronic industries. In this review article, we discuss the synthetic methods of different functionalized carbon materials based on graphene oxide (GO), SWCNTs, MWCNTs, carbon fibers (CFs), and activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, we highlight the recent developments and applications of functionalized carbon materials in energy storage devices (supercapacitors), inkjet printing appliances, self-powered automatic sensing devices (biosensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors), and stretchable/flexible wearable electronic devices.

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Guo, Ruiting, Lin Li, Baowei Wang, Yinger Xiang, Guoqiang Zou, Yirong Zhu, Hongshuai Hou, and Xiaobo Ji. "Functionalized carbon dots for advanced batteries." Energy Storage Materials 37 (May 2021): 8–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.01.020.

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40

Bandaru, Narasimha Murthy, and Nicolas Hans Voelcker. "Glycoconjugate-functionalized carbon nanotubes in biomedicine." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 18 (2012): 8748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm16636d.

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41

Xie, Jining, Nanyan Zhang, and Vijay K. Varadan. "Functionalized carbon nanotubes in platinum decoration." Smart Materials and Structures 15, no. 1 (December 13, 2005): S5—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/1/002.

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42

Quintana, Mildred, and Maurizio Prato. "Supramolecular aggregation of functionalized carbon nanotubes." Chemical Communications, no. 40 (2009): 6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b915126e.

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43

Ciraci, S., S. Dag, T. Yildirim, O. Gülseren, and R. T. Senger. "Functionalized carbon nanotubes and device applications." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, no. 29 (July 10, 2004): R901—R960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/29/r01.

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Qin, Yujun, Jiahua Shi, Wei Wu, Xianglong Li, Zhi-Xin Guo, and Daoben Zhu. "Concise Route to Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107, no. 47 (November 2003): 12899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp036512s.

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Rüther, Manuel G., Fiona Frehill, John E. O'Brien, Andrew I. Minett, Werner J. Blau, Johannes G. Vos, and Marc in het Panhuis. "Characterization of Covalent Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108, no. 28 (July 2004): 9665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp040266i.

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Lin, Yi, Mohammed J. Meziani, and Ya-Ping Sun. "Functionalized carbon nanotubes for polymeric nanocomposites." Journal of Materials Chemistry 17, no. 12 (2007): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b618344a.

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47

Dwyer, Chris, Martin Guthold, Michael Falvo, Sean Washburn, Richard Superfine, and Dorothy Erie. "DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes." Nanotechnology 13, no. 5 (September 6, 2002): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/13/5/311.

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Zhang, Z. Q., B. Liu, Y. L. Chen, H. Jiang, K. C. Hwang, and Y. Huang. "Mechanical properties of functionalized carbon nanotubes." Nanotechnology 19, no. 39 (August 11, 2008): 395702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/39/395702.

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Milowska, Karolina Z., and Jacek A. Majewski. "Elastic properties of functionalized carbon nanotubes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 34 (2013): 14303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52331d.

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Zhao, Chungui, Lijun Ji, Huiju Liu, Guangjun Hu, Shimin Zhang, Mingshu Yang, and Zhenzhong Yang. "Functionalized carbon nanotubes containing isocyanate groups." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 177, no. 12 (December 2004): 4394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2004.09.036.

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