Dissertations / Theses: 'Functionality'

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Marsh, Peter S. "United States Coast Guard operational information systems : improving functionality and cross-functionality." Thesis, Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34997.

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The effective use of information can enable a public agency to better serve the taxpayers, or provide a crucial strategic advantage for a private sector firm. Present U. S. Coast Guard information systems do not provide information to all potential users as effectively as they could. They suffer from several shortcomings: (1) Poor connectivity, resulting in an awkward, torturous information flow which frequently does not provide information to people who need it; (2) Significant overlap in content, resulting in increased workload and frustration for field personnel who enter data and data inconsistencies between applications; and (3) poor user interface designs, resulting in a situation where although information may be accessible to a user, it is difficult to retrieve and therefore not gotten. Cross-functional systems, based on a robust information architecture, offer the potential to dramatically improve information flow and availability within an organization. In the Coast Guard, the flow of operational information can be greatly improved by developing a cross-functional Operations Information System (OIS). Developing such a system is critical to continued effectives service to the public, but may require changes in the ways in which systems are developed and funded.

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Mirza, Aamir Mehmood, and Mohtashim Khan. "Ethernet Network Functionality Testing." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3720.

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^{Ethernet functionality testing as a generic term used for checking connectivity,throughput and capability to transfer packets over the network. Especially in the packet-switchenvironment, Ethernet testing has become an essential part for deploying a reliable network.Over a long distance Ethernet testing parameter for analyzing network performance must havetwo devices attached and synchronized.}

Saab Microwave Systems is among the leading suppliers of radar systems developing groundbased,naval and air-borne radar systems. To ensure the correct functionality, the developerwants to verify the performance of computer network and looking for a suitable solution.

A software application is required to verify and test the functionality of the Ethernet network andto verify the functionality and performance of the TCP/IP stack of newly added node. Theprograms shall be easily ported to different operating systems and must not depend on specificproduct properties.A software application, “NetBurst”, is developed for Ethernet functionality testing. Theapplication is vendor and platform independent.

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Rodriguez, Ramón. "Network Analyzer Functionality Simulator." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-704.

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The objective of this thesis work was to implement all the hardware and software necessary to simulate the functionality of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). With equipment that is already available, and is common in a measurement station, the most common functions of a VNA were implemented, using an Vector Signal Generator, that provide the signal for testing, and a Vector Signal Analyzer, to make all the amplitude and phase measurements. With these instruments and the appropriate software that control them, the basic functionality of a Vector Network Analyzer can be achieved with a reasonable accuracy. With this system, we can reduce costs, avoiding the need of a real VNA and take advantage off instruments that are already available in a laboratory. A Complete measurement system of all four scattering parameters is proposed at the end of the report for future implementation. With this implementation all the different S-parameter measurements were made with an acceptable accuracy that can be comparable to a commercial VNA.

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Hörlin, Sara. "ToIP functionality in Asterisk." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9761.

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In the thesis the advantages with Text over IP (ToIP) is explained and it is motivated why it is a good idea to integrate this in Asterisk. It also presents an implementation of a ToIP extension in Asterisk.

ToIP means communicating over a network based on Internet protocols with real-time text. Real-time text means a character is sent to the receiving terminal as soon the sender has typed it or with a small delay.

In the thesis IM and ToIP is compared in a survey. The result point at IM is not better than ToIP even though it is much more commonly used. VoIP can not replace ToIP either because there are occasions when ToIP is better for instance if the person using it is deaf or if a person want to make a private conversation in a noisy room.

Asterisk is an IP-PBX. PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange which means a private telephone system which is part of a larger network system that exchange information.

An IP-PBX is a PBX based on the Internet. Asterisk and many other IP-PBX can also exchange calls between the PSTN ant the Internet. By including ToIP in Asterisk it will be possible to exchange ToIP calls.

The implementation described is not only including ToIP in Asterisk but also a translation function between the text format called t140 and another text format called t140 with redundancy.

The idea is to extend the translation function in the future to more text formats.

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Winsor, Julian. "Process based functionality modelling." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264285.

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Shepherd, Dustin L. "THE FUNCTIONALITY OF REBOOTS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/580.

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This thesis attempts to better understand how film reboots empower fans by offering unique insight as critiques of the original texts and by displacing hierarchies amongst audience, critic, and author. My hypothesis is that reboots, as an act of adaptation, allow audience members of the original franchise to become authors, in this case screenwriters. By extension these screenwriters become critics by highlighting, expanding, or even disregarding themes found in the original film series. This complicates the reboot beyond a simple capitalistic venture to make money and invites us to consider the way they position and displace interactants to better foster critical engagement with works of art, specifically films.

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Fleisher, Tamara. "Improving learnability of high functionality user interfaces through simplification without loss of functionality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85418.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-37).
Justify is a high-functionality web application that helps users clearly state arguments and organize them in a meaningful structure, however due to its complicated user interface and abundance of point types, it is extremely difficult and frustrating to learn and use. Research shows that when presented with an abundance of choices, users are less likely to think through their decision rationally and more likely to regret any decision they make. This thesis proposes that reducing the amount of point types initially provided to the user, grouping them by similarity, and then utilizing "just in time" learning to dynamically introduce them to the user with interactive tutorials will dramatically increase the learnability of Justify, and thus also increase user retention and satisfaction. User testing indicated that these changes in Justify made it easier to learn and more enjoyable to use, when compared to both the older version of Justify and to alternative methods of decision making.
by Tamara Fleisher.
M. Eng.

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Svelander, Angelica. "Less is more : Restricting functionality enhances perceived functionality when introducing a complex communication tool." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-89942.

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Li, Shanghua. "Engineering nanomaterials with enhanced functionality." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3906.

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This thesis deals with the engineering of novel nanomaterials, particularly nanocomposites and nanostructured surfaces with enhanced functionalities. The study includes two parts; in the first part, an in situ sol-gel polymerization approach is used for the synthesis of polymer-inorganic hybrid material and its exceptional transparent UV-shielding effect has been investigated. In the second part, electrodeposition process has been adapted to engineer surfaces and the boiling performance of the fabricated nanostructured surfaces is evaluated.

In the first part of the work, polymer-inorganic hybrid materials composed of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc compounds were prepared by in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of zinc complex in PMMA matrix. The immiscibility of heterophase of solid organic and inorganic constituents was significantly resolved by an in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of ZnO nanofillers within PMMA in the presence of dual functional agent, monoethanolamine, which provided strong secondary interfacial interactions for both complexing and crosslinking of constituents.

In the second part of the work, nanoengineering on the surface of copper plates has been performed in order to enhance the boiling heat transfer coefficient. Micro-porous surfaces with dendritic network of copper nanoparticles have been obtained by electrodeposition with dynamic templates. To further alter the grain size of the dendritic branches, the nanostructured surfaces underwent a high temperature annealing treatment.

Comprehensive characterization methods of the polymer-inorganic hybrid materials and nanoengineered surfaces have been undertaken. XRD, 1H NMR, FT-IR, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis, ED, SEM, TEM and HRTEM have been used for basic physical properties. Pool boiling tests were performed to evaluate the boiling performance of the electrodeposited nanostructured micro-porous structures.

The homogeneous PZHM exhibited enhanced UV-shielding effects in the entire UV range even at very low ZnO content of 0.02 wt%. Moreover, the relationship between band gap and particle size of incorporated ZnO by sol-gel process was in good agreement with the results calculated from the effective mass model between bandgap and particle size. The fabricated enhanced surface has shown an excellent performance in nucleate boiling. At heat flux of 1 W/cm2, the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced over 15 times compared to a plain reference surface. A model has been presented to explain the enhancement based on the structure characteristics.

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Jensen, Jostein. "Detection of Hidden Software Functionality." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9583.

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Downloading software from unknown sources constitutes a great risk. Studies have described file-sharing networks where the probability of downloading infected files is as high as 70% [1] under certain circumstances. This work presents theory on malicious software with emphasize on code turning computers into bots and thereby, possibly botnets. It is observed that malware authors start using more advanced techniques to deceive owners of compromised computers. To evade detection, stealth techniques known from rootkits are more and more commonly adapted. Rootkit technology is therefore studied to be able to determine how bots, and other forms malicious software, can be hidden from both automated anti-virus detection mechanisms and human inspections of computers. The mechanisms used to evade detection by traditional anti-virus tools are in many cases effective. Dynamic behavioural analysis of software during installation is therefore suggested as a strategy to supplement the traditional tools. Several detection strategies are presented, which can be used to determine the behaviour of software during installation. This knowledge is used to design a laboratory environment capable of detecting the mentioned categories of malicious code. An implementation of the laboratory is provided, and experiments are performed to determine the usefulness of the setup. The software used to set up the laboratory environment are all distributed free of license cost. An evaluation is made and improvements to the system are proposed. The value of behavioural analysis has been demonstrated, and the functionality of the laboratory environment has proved to extremely useful. Advanced users will find the functionality of the laboratory setup powerful. However, future work has to be done to automate the behavioural detection processes so the public can benefit from this work.

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Li, Shanghua. "Engineering nanomaterials for enhanced functionality /." Stockholm, 2006. http://www.diva-portal.org/kth/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=3906.

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Järvstråt, Lotta. "Functionality Classification Filter for Websites." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93702.

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The objective of this thesis is to evaluate different models and methods for website classification. The websites are classified based on their functionality, in this case specifically whether they are forums, news sites or blogs. The analysis aims at solving a search engine problem, which means that it is interesting to know from which categories in a information search the results come. The data consists of two datasets, extracted from the web in January and April 2013. Together these data sets consist of approximately 40.000 observations, with each observation being the extracted text from the website. Approximately 7.000 new word variables were subsequently created from this text, as were variables based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation. One variable (the number of links) was created using the HTML-code for the web site. These data sets are used both in multinomial logistic regression with Lasso regularization, and to create a Naive Bayes classifier. The best classifier for the data material studied was achieved when using Lasso for all variables with multinomial logistic regression to reduce the number of variables. The accuracy of this model is 99.70 %. When time dependency of the models is considered, using the first data to make the model and the second data for testing, the accuracy, however, is only 90.74 %. This indicates that the data is time dependent and that websites topics change over time.

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Beesley, Thomas Charles. "Art, the architectonic and functionality." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18973/.

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What is the status and position of the ‘functional’ art object? My research has sought to consider the role of the object in recent examples of socially-engaged art practice, by examining the notion of the ‘useful’ in contemporary art as conceptualized by theorist Stephen Wright and his advocates. By interrogating the praxis of the Turner Prize winning architectural collective Assemble and the deeper social-engagement of American artist Theaster Gates, I have sought to decode the institutional structures supporting their work, permitting a more nuanced assessment of the status of the useful object as art. During my research I undertook a six-month collaborative project with the staff and students of an M.Arch module at the Sheffield School of Architecture. The module addressed issues of local energy generation and use within a geo-sociological context and gave me the opportunity to create a body of work in response to these themes of utility. Through the development of my own praxis, the concomitant practice-led research and the critical distance this has permitted, I have been able to consider art’s relationship to objects of utility within the epistemologies of both my art and design background. For, as I conclude, it may be better to view these objects as the result of socially-engaged creativity – as critically-engaged architectonic design – rather than objects of art, thereby encouraging contemporary art practice to continue to stand in autonomous opposition to the instrumentalizing forces of capitalism.

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Janin, Marie. "Functionality of new xanthan gums." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727947.

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As controversies between studies have arisen over the properties and characteristics of the xanthan for the last decades, the current work aimed to establish the role of the xanthan molecular fine structure on its rheological and thermal properties in various conditions. Different xanthan gums were first characterised in order to understand the relationship between the structure and rheological and thermal properties before studying more complex systems such as xanthan and particulate materials (cellulosic materials and starch) or konjac glucomannan (KM); all this being the basis of the investigation of the xanthan-KM system in a yeast-raised product. Thanks to a range of xanthans with diverse acetate and pyruvate content coming from two different strains, it was demonstrated that the xanthan structure, especially the pyruvate groups, influences the rheological and thermal properties of xanthan. New findings showed that different master curves (viscosity vs c[rd) were obtained depending on the rigidity of the xanthan and ionic environment as well as the pyruvate groups being the driving force determining the xanthan viscosity and transition temperature. The pyruvate groups and their distribution also influence its interaction with konjac mannan leading to two types of interactions (with ordered and disordered form of xanthan) within a single xanthan sample. However, the optimum ratio of xanthan:KM present in aqueous solutions is not present in a food product (bread), but the different effect of xanthan and KM is noticeable: dough strength, and open structure of the breadcrumb for xanthan and dough extensibility and dryness for KM. The mixture of these hydrocolloids produced more acceptable breads than those made with only xanthan or KM.

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Richard, Andrew Justin. "Clovis and Folsom Functionality Comparison." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556853.

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This thesis uses experimental archaeology as a method to discover the functional differences between Clovis and Folsom projectile points filtered through a behavioral ecology paradigm. Porcelain is used as a substitute for tool stone for its consistency and control value. The experiment was devised to find out which technology, Clovis or Folsom, was more functional, had a higher curation rate and contributed to increased group subsistence. Paleoindian tool technology transitions can be seen as indicators for adaptation triggered by environmental conditions and changes in subsistence. Folsom technology, when compared to Clovis technology, was functionally superior in performance, refurbishment and curation. Technological design choices made by Folsom people were engineered toward producing a more functional tool system as a sustainable form of risk management. The Clovis Folsom Breakage Experiment indicates that Folsom tool technology was specifically adapted to bison subsistence based on increased functionality and curation.

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Bürgel, Christian. "Functionality of noble-metal clusters." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15887.

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In dieser Dissertation wurden die ungewöhnlichen und einzigartigen Eigenschaften von Edelmetall-Clustern untersucht, die durch Quantum-Confinement im Sub-Nanometer-Bereich entstehen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften und damit die Funktionen nicht vom Festkörper abgeleitet werden können und stark von der Anzahl der Atome abhängen. Die erzielten theoretischen Ergebnisse wurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit experimentell arbeitenden Partnergruppen erzielt. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass durch die enge Kooperation zwischen Theorie und Experiment ein tiefes Verständnis von fundamentalen Prozessen und den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen erlangt werden kann. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden die Reaktivität von geladenen Goldoxid-Clustern in der Gasphase, die ultraschnelle Dynamik von Edelmetall-Clustern und deren Komplexen sowie die optischen Eigenschaften von kleinen, deponierten Silber-Clustern untersucht und damit Beiträge geliefert, die einzigartigen Eigenschaften von Edelmetall-Clustern im Zusammenhang mit der heterogenen Katalyse und Nano-Optik besser zu verstehen.
In this thesis, the unique novel properties of noble metal clusters which arise in the sub-nanometer size regime due to quantum confinement have been theoretically explored. It has been demonstrated that by adding or removing a single atom the chemical and physical properties and functionality of noble-metal clusters can strongly change. The theoretical results have been derived in close cooperation with experimental findings of partner groups demonstrating that by joint theoretical and experimental efforts thorough understanding of fundamental processes and underlying mechanisms can be achieved. This thesis addresses the reactivity of charged gas-phase gold-oxide clusters in the context of the heterogeneous gold nano-catalysis, the ultrafast dynamical properties of noble-metal clusters and their complexes, and the optical properties of silver clusters at surfaces.

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Wang, Guang. "Functionality of egg yolk lecithin and protein and functionality enhancement of protein by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Atapattu, Chandrani. "Milk protein functionality in caramel processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27442.pdf.

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Kinch, Brittanie A. "The Functionality of Early Modern Collections." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/69.

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The following research records the functionality of collections of wealthy individuals in an effort to clarify the current system of collection categorization. Although many functions were indeed possible, this research will be restricted to the discussion of collections in which objects reveal the collector’s devotional, social, and intellectual curiosity. These classifications reflect the most prevalent themes initiated by my research on collections of royal and affluent collectors during the Early Modern Period, and as such are the three most rational means of discussing collections as functional, working, tools.

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Macdonald, Elizabeth A. "Bovine neutrophil functionality in mastitis resistance." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68211.

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Diapedesis, phagocytosis and microbicidal activity are important parameters of neutrophil functionality and thus outcome of mastitis. An in vitro model of an "alveolar pavement" using the MAC-T3 bovine mammary epithelial cell line was developed to assess neutrophil diapedesis. Features of this biologically-meaningful barrier include: characteristic transepithelial resistance, tight junction complexes and polarity. Continuous transepithelial resistance measurements showed no significant changes throughout the assay period. Neither a Staphylococcus aureus challenge ($1 times10 sp7$ and $2 times10 sp9$ cfu/ml), or the presence of neutrophils, both resting and challenged had any deleterious effects on monolayer integrity over a short term (1-2 h) exposure. Neutrophils, both resting and challenged gave no indication of causing damage to the epithelium over the short term. Neutrophils isolated from proven sires and evaluated for phagocytic activity were found to differ significantly (p $<$ 0.05) in activity, rate and capacity to uptake particles. Correlations between phagocytic parameters and production traits were negative and small in magnitude. Microbicidal activity of neutrophils isolated from proven sires showed a highly significant variation between animals due to test day (p $<$ 0.001), however variation due to source of cells (i.e. animal) was not significant. in vitro analysis of diapedesis and phagocytosis is promising as a tool for the assessment of resistance or susceptibility to mastitis.

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Oldknow, Samuel. "Metallo-supramolecular assemblies with photoresponsive functionality." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20558/.

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This thesis concerns the design of metallosupramolecular architectures incorporating a specific function, namely light-responsive properties, for potential applications in molecular recognition, molecular electronics and as stimuli-responsive materials. This is achieved by employing established geometrically directing metallotectons in combination with novel light-responsive tripodal hosts based on the cyclotriveratrylene scaffold. A novel library of light-responsive molecular hosts have been prepared via novel asymmetrical azobenzene precursors. These light-responsive ligands undergo self-assembly with a variety of Ir(III) metallotectons to give a family of M3L2 metallocryptophanes, thus implanting the light-responsive functionality into these systems. Solution-state analysis indicates these metallocages contain a significant internal space for potential applications in molecular recognition. The photoresponsive properties of both the novel ligands and metallocryptophanes has been explored utilising light of UV and visible wavelengths to toggle between the trans/cis conformations of the embedded azobenzene units, resulting in dramatic structural perturbations in solution, pointing the way to sophisticated applications in molecular recognition. Photophysical analysis of these metallocryptophanes reveals deep blue emission properties, characteristically uncommon for Ir(III) complexes. A series of non-discrete coordination polymers have also been prepared and crystallographically elucidated from the combination of a light-responsive ligand with various Cu(II) and Ag(I) salts. Although light-responsive behaviour is yet to be demonstrated in these systems, a solvent-induced structural rearrangement is observed in one example, potentially promising further sophisticated host-guest properties.

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Zhao, Yajie 1970. "Industrial property performance and building functionality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29777.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
This paper uses statistical regression techniques, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), to develop models to explain the relationship between physical characteristics and performance of industrial properties. The physical characteristics studied in this paper include building size, building age, building type, and tenant type. Rent and occupancy rates are used as a proxy for performance. The results show that building size, building age, building type and tenant type are significant variables in the explanation of industrial property performance and volatility of annual growth of performance, but these variables are not found to exert a significant influence on the long-term trend of performance. The results also indicate that the decrease in size of industrial properties increase their performance ( or the relationship is negative) but decrease their volatility of annual growth of performance ( or the relationship is positive); medium-age industrial properties outperform newer and older ones in both performance and volatility of annual growth of performance; R&D industrial properties have the best performance and also the highest volatility of annual growth of performance among the three building types: manufacturing, warehouse, and R&D; single tenant industrial properties have better performance and higher volatility of annual growth of performance than multitenant ones.
by Yajie Zhao.
S.M.

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Naik, Manali A. "Adding audio clips functionality to TaleBlazer/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105970.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-108).
TaleBlazer is a platform for creating and playing mobile location-based augmented reality games. This thesis describes the design and implementation of audio clips functionality in the platform. Audio clips are recordings that can be attached to text in TaleBlazer games. This report presents results from conducting user testing of the new feature and specifies the subsequent improvements that were made. It also details the infrastructure enhancements made to improve all media support on the platform, including audio clips.
by Manali A. Naik.
M. Eng.

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Luo, Jamie X. "Functionality and sensing in Boolean networks." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49634/.

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The main theme of this thesis is investigating how a cell’s biological function relates to the topology of its Gene Regulatory Network (GRN). In this context, the limits a biological function places on evolution are examined and also whether genetic networks can evolve the capacity to sense internal mutations. GRNs are modelled using Threshold Boolean Networks (TBNs), abstracting away details so that certain computational approaches become viable. For instance in Chapter 3, all possible TBNs that attain a specified functional path (of the form {v(t)}T t=0) through the expression state space are exhaustively found from a possible 3N2 TBNs, where N is the number of genes (nodes) in the network. This allows for the detailed examination of the complete neutral evolutionary space of a given functional path. It is demonstrated that the major quantities of interest, such as the connectivity of this neutral space under point mutations, the mutational and noise robustness of the TBNs in this space and even the number of networks all depend strongly on the duration T of the paths. The neutral space is found to disintegrate rapidly into disconnected components as T is increased. The effect of more exotic functional forms is also investigated. Chapter 4 focuses on evolving networks which are sensitive to deletion mutations. It is found that increased sensitivity is readily evolvable in TBNs, with the networks evolving to be more topologically balanced (they possess a similar number of excitatory and inhibitory interactions). Networks are only found to achieve maximal sensitivity through attaining long limit cycles. The study of sensitivity is extended to static populations of TBNs in Chapter 5 and the question is asked about whether a population of cells can develop the capacity to sense the presence of a mutant among them. The multicellular framework is also used to investigate the effect of intercellular connectivity on the dynamics. It is found that the greater the intercellular connectivity the more uniform the expression patterns are between cells. Chapter 6 applies the general Ergodic Set (ES) [Ribeiro and Kauffman, 2007] concept to stem cell differentiation and cancer. An alternative hypothesis to that in [Serra et al., 2010] is proposed about how to model stem cell differentiation using ESs. Coupled with results from Chapter 4, I suggest that under this new hypothesis, pluripotent stem cells will correspond to more sensitive TBNs and that differentiated stem cells will correspond to more robust TBNs.

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Bell, Rory Anthony. "Medical device coatings with enhanced functionality." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680887.

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Medical devices are an essential part of the human healthcare system. However, one of the major issues associated with their use is the development of medical device related infections (MDRIs) following bacterial colonisation and subsequent biofilm formation on the surface of the device. Different medical device coatings have been designed to help inhibit biofilm development. Antibacterial coatings include those that are contact active, antibacterial drug eluting or those with altered surface energies. The aim of this research was to develop strategies, which can be used to prevent the initial attachment and proliferation of microorganisms on biomaterial surfaces. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was used to investigate the relationship between various drug physicochemical parameters and drug release from different hydrogel networks, which can be used alone or as a coating on medical devices such as urinary catheters. Models generated from this analysis were capable of accurately predicting the time for specific percentage release of drugs not used to derive the original models. An antibacterial quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) with thiol functionality was covalently immobilised on the surface of PVC. This created an anti-infective surface capable of preventing the adherence of two clinically important pathogens. A series of nature inspired slippery liquid infused porous surfaces were fabricated on the surface of PVC using textured silver coatings infused with different ionic liquids. As well as altering the PVC surface energy microbial adherence studies showed these materials were also capable of reducing, or in some cases preventing bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation. The proposed techniques and materials developed in this thesis could be extremely useful in the fight against MDRIs.

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Fernando, Hettige Supun Sandaru. "Black Bean Milling and Flour Functionality." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32080.

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Dry bean utilization by the food industry can be increased by developing value-added processing applications. The goals of this research were to evaluate (1) the effect of milling method on the physical, chemical and functional properties of whole black bean flour and its fractions and (2) the effect of removing soluble phenolic compounds on the functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates. Black bean was milled with five laboratory mills [cyclone mill, hammer mill, stone mill (fine, medium, coarse), disc mill (fine, coarse), and centrifugal mill (10,000 or 12,000 rpm and 250, 500, 1000 μm aperture screen)] and the resulting flours were evaluated for their physical, chemical and flow properties of bulk samples and particle size fractions. Whole black bean flour and cotyledon flour were subjected to phenolic extraction and protein isolation, resulting in protein isolates with and without soluble phenolics. Solubility, wettability, dispersibility, water binding capacity, foam capacity and stability, emulsification capacity, and gelation properties of protein isolates were evaluated. Variation in milling method produced flours with significantly different flour characteristics. Geometric mean size of whole bean flour was negatively correlated with starch damage (r = -0.92), L* (r = -0.94), angle of repose (r = -0.94), and angle of slide (r = -0.80 to -0.90) and positively correlated with moisture (r = 0.72), and loose bulk density (r = 0.72). Milling method and particle size interaction was significant on characteristics of black bean flour fractions. Particle circularity of flour fractions had a negative correlation of r = -0.93, r = -0.81, r ≈ -0.95, and r = -0.94 with L*, angle of repose, angle of slide and compact density, respectively. Particle circularity had a positive correlation of r = 0.93 and r = 0.89 with average minimum particle size and loose bulk density, respectively. The removal of soluble phenolic compounds improved the brightness, solubility, wettability, dispersibility, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsion capacity, emulsion stability and gelling properties of protein isolates. These findings will help food manufacturers to process black bean ingredients using different mill settings to achieve different functionalities depending on the consumer requirements.

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Wooddell, Michael Gary. "Increased Functionality Porous Optical Fiber Structures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35324.

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A novel fiber optic structure, termed stochastic ordered hole fibers, has been developed that contains an ordered array of six hollow tubes surrounding a hollow core, combined with a nanoporous glass creating a unique fully three dimensional pore/fiber configuration. The objective of this study is to increase the functionality of these stochastic ordered hole fibers, as well as porous clad fibers, by integrating electronic device components such as conductors, and semiconductors, and optically active materials on and in the optical fiber pore structures. Conductive copper pathways were created on/in the solid core fibers using an electroless deposition technique. A chemical vapor deposition system was built in order to attempt the deposition of silicon in on the porous clad fibers. Additionally, conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and photoactive polymer blend poly(3- hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-)6,6)C61 (P3HT: PCBM) were deposited on the fibers using dip coating techniques. Quantum dots of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) with particle sizes of ranging from 2- 10 nm were deposited in the stochastic ordered hole fibers. SEM and EDS analysis confirm that copper, polymer materials, and quantum dots were deposited in the pore structure and on the surface of the fibers. Finally, resistance measurements indicate that the electrolessly deposited copper coatings have sufficient conductivity to be used as metallic contacts or resistive heating elements.
Master of Science

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Chittenden, Albert-Bruce. "Extending OWns to include protection functionality." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23796.

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The objective of this dissertation is to enhance the functionality of an existing simulation package that is used to simulate fiber optic networks. These enhancements include the capability to simulate protection mechanisms following link failure, which is a necessity in real-world optical networks to ensure the continued flow of information following a failure in a part of the network. The capability for network traffic to choose from additional paths is also an addition to the software. The enhanced, as well as the original simulation software, are open source: this allows anyone to freely modify and improve the source code to suit his or her requirements. This dissertation will focus on mesh-based optical network topologies, which are commonly found in regional optical backbone networks, but which are also increasingly found in metropolitan areas. The regional networks all make use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), which consists of putting multiple different wavelengths of light on the same physical fiber. A single fiber breakage will therefore disrupt multiple fiber-optic connections. A fiber-optic network designer has to satisfy various conflicting requirements when designing a network: it must satisfy current and predicted future traffic requirements, it must be immune to equipment failure, but it must also be as inexpensive as possible. The network designer therefore has to evaluate different topologies and scenarios, and a good network simulator will provide invaluable assistance in finding an optimal solution. Protection and restoration need to be looked at in conjunction with routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), to ensure that resources in a network are used at maximum efficiency. Connection restoration time will also be looked at: this should be minimised to ensure minimal network downtime and ensuing loss of revenue. The chosen alternate connection path should also be as short as possible to minimise use of resources and maximise the carrying capacity of the network. Blocking probability (the inability to establish a connection due to a congested network) is a crucial factor and is also investigated. The topologies investigated in this dissertation consist of various mesh based real-world regional WDM fiber-optic networks. The impact of various link failures, the addition of additional alternate paths, as well as the effect of a protection mechanism on these topologies are also investigated. The proposed goals were all successfully achieved. The capability of simulating single as well as multiple link failures was introduced to the simulation package. The blocking probability of various network topologies was compared to each other in the presence of link failures. Success was also achieved in the introduction of a third alternate path to the simulation package.
Dissertation (MEng(Electronic))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted

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Liu, Jia. "Buckling Induced Functionality in Soft Structures." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493413.

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A variety of instabilities can be triggered when elastic structures are subjected to mechanical loadings. While such instabilities have traditionally been considered as a failure, a new trend is emerging in which the dramatic geometric changes induced by them are harnessed to enable new functionalities. In this thesis, I report a systematic study on the morphology and functionality changes induced by buckling in soft structures. Using a combination of theoretical, numerical and experimental analyses, I investigate the non-linear response of a variety of one dimensional, two dimensional and three dimensional systems, with particular emphasis on their stability. The results show that the deformation induced by buckling can be rather complex even if the undeformed geometry is simple. Moreover, I demonstrate that a wide range of morphologies can be obtained by carefully controlling the geometric, material and loading parameters. Such tunability may open venues for the design of structures with adaptive and switchable properties.
Engineering and Applied Sciences - Engineering Sciences

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Vaught, Jonathan David. "Enhancing the functionality of nucleic acids." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303895.

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Seracchioli, Sara. "Urban Skyscrapers: structural behavior and functionality." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2431/.

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Wright, Elizabeth M. "PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONALITY OF PUNCTUATION ON TWITTER." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/29.

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This work presents an analysis of punctuation use in computer-mediated communication (CMC); in particular, the present study aims to describe the pragmatic functions of nonstandard punctuation on Twitter, providing a corpus-driven overview of the distribution and frequency of nonstandard punctuation use, and an analysis of sampled tweets at the individual tweet level to estimate noise levels in the overall corpus. A survey was also conducted which aimed to identify user understanding of the affective content of nonstandard punctuation strings and to identify any possible effects of character repetition. Survey results indicate that linguistic content was the strongest indicator of affective understanding, type of punctuation (i.e., ?, !, and combinations thereof) was a weaker indicator of some affective content, and repetition was not found to be significant. The study argues that certain string types, possibly defined by punctuation type and not count, have large indexical fields of pragmatic meaning available to them, which are bounded by context. In light of these observations, the study also proposes distinctions/categories of punctuation strings and their associated pragmatic meanings.

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Mogilevsky, Gregory Wu Yue. "Multiwalled titania nanotubes structural characterization and functionality /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2901.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Curriculum of Applied Sciences and Engineering." Discipline: Applied and Materials Sciences; Department/School: Applied and Materials Sciences.

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Eide, Kristian Edvard Nigar. "Use of GPU Functionality in Volume Rendering." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9274.

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Volume rendering describes the processes of creating a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set. This field has a number of applications, most notably within medical imaging, where the output of CT and MRI scanners is a volume data set, as well as geology where seismic surveys are visualized as an aid when searching for oil & gas. Rendering a volume is a computationally intensive task due to the large amount of data that needs to be processed, and it is only recently, with the advent of commodity 3D accelerator cards, that interactive rendering of volumes has become possible. The latest versions of 3D graphics cards include a Graphics Processing Unit, or GPU, which is capable of executing small code fragments at very high speed. These small programs, while not as flexible as traditional programming, still represent a significant improvement in what is possible to achieve with the added computational ability provided by the graphics card. This thesis explores how volume rendering can be enhanced by the use of a GPU. In particular, it shows an improvement to the GPU-based raycasting approach presented in [1] and also a method for integrating the depth peeling technique [6] with a volume renderer for correctly rendering transparent geometry embedded in the volume. In addition, an introduction to volume rendering and GPU programming is given, and a rendering of a volume with the Phong illumination model is shown.

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Göbel, Michael. "Energetic Materials Containing The Trinitromethyl Pseudohalide Functionality." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-124207.

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Liu, Erkai. "Selecting and improving the functionality of DNAzymes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54459.

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DNAzymes are strands of catalytic DNA first discovered in 1994. These species are isolated through in vitro selection and are capable of catalyzing many different types of reactions. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes are one subset that have many biological implications; however, more work needs to be done to make them suitable for therapeutic in vivo applications. Modifying DNAzymes with protein functionalities represents a promising strategy to evolve efficient cleavage in vivo. Chapter 2 described the syntheses of five modified 2'-deoxyuridine triphosphates and the enzymatic incorporation of these modified dUTPs. The modifications were introduced at the 5-position, and consist of a carboxylate group, indole group and napthyl group. The enzymatic incorporation of these modified nucleotide triphosphates evaluated their suitability for use in an in vitro selection. It was found that Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase was able to incorporate all the modified dUTPs successfully. In Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, two all-RNA-cleaving DNAzyme selections were described. DNAzyme clone 25 was selected in Chapter 3 against an HIV RNA target, which had a self-cleavage rate constant of 3.3 min-¹. However, when the DNAzyme was tested for intermolecular cleavage activity, the result was unsatisfactory. It was found that the maximum rate constant had not been reached under 2 µM substrate, indicating a low substrate binding affinity. With this disappointing result, DNAzyme clone 25 was not considered for in vivo studies. Conversely, DNAzyme clone 11 was selected in Chapter 4 and displayed a robust trans-cleavage activity and a high binding affinity towards a c-Myc oncogene target sequence. DNAzyme clone 11 was obtained from this process, which had a self-cleavage rate constant of 0.84 min-¹. The intermolecular cleavage study showed that it had a cleavage kmax of 4.3 min-¹ and Km of 297 nM. The DNAzyme was then shown to be highly sequence-specific. Solid-phase synthesis of the modified DNAzyme was attempted, and the crude oligonucleotide mixture obtained showed trans-cleavage activity. Lastly, Chapter 5 described several failed DNAzyme selections in which no promising active strands were obtained.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate

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Pessa, Mikael. "Functionality-Independent Style-Based Procedural Building Generation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147352.

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In computer graphics it is often necessary to construct a large number of objectsof specific types, such as buildings. One approach is to create the models procedurally,an approach that often renders function and appearance tightly coupled. This thesis explores an alternate solution to this problem. We propose a systemfor procedural building generation based on the separation of function andstyle. We show our approach to separating appearance from functionality, wethen describe our implementation of the system and finally we create a demonstrationof its potential. Our approach offers a large amount of control while allowing for a separationbetween design of functionality and design of style. The approach could intheory allow for reuse of large databases of models and simplify the creation ofprocedural generation engines

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Lam, Curtis Hon Ming. "Increasing the chemical functionality of DNA enzymes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30771.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has long been known as the storage of genetic material. DNA is chemically stable and predominantly found as a double helix of antiparallel complementary strands. Due to the development of in vitro selection techniques, artificial single-stranded DNA molecules have been discovered that can catalyze a range of reactions including the sequence-specific cleavage of ribonucleic acids (RNA). Such DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) are being studied for the in vivo cleavage of mRNA. Compared to protein enzymes, DNAzymes have far fewer functional groups to employ for catalysis. In order to increase the chemical functionality of DNAzymes, eight modified nucleoside triphosphates were synthesized: three dUTP’s modified at the 5-position with either a phenol, phenylboronic acid or guanidinium and five dATP’s modified at the 8-position with imidazoles that are attached with linkers of various composition, length and flexibility. After the synthesis of the modified nucleotides, the incorporation of seven of them into oligonucleotides by DNA polymerases was studied. Under primer extension conditions, the guanidinium- and phenol-modified dUTP’s were found to be good substrates for several DNA polymerases including Pfu (exo–) and Vent (exo–). Under PCR conditions, both of the modified nucleotides gave rise to properly sized products as well. The modified dATP’s, however, were found to be very poor substrates. Only two of them were incorporated by Sequenase V2.0. After establishing conditions under which the modified nucleotides could be incorporated, the phosphoramidite of the guanidinium-modified nucleotide was used for the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, and the phenol-modified nucleotide was used in an in vitro selection. Oligonucleotides containing the guanidinium groups were found to exhibit enhanced duplex stability. The guanidinium-modified nucleoside phosphoramidite was also used to synthesize variants of the divalent metal cation-dependent DNAzyme, 10-23. Variants containing guanidinium groups in the substrate binding regions were found to display reduced rates of RNA cleavage. Using the phenol-modified dUTP, an in vitro selection process gave rise to DNAzyme STA17, isolated from the eleventh generation, that could catalyze self-cleavage in the presence of divalent metal cations such as Mg⁺², Zn⁺² and Mn⁺². This DNAzyme was found to be inhibited by Hg⁺².

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Massawe, Henry Benedict. "Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems with SmartGrid functionality." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22861.

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SummaryThis master?s thesis is focused on the design of grid connected PV power stage inverter. This inverter will be used for solar power application in the renewable energy laboratory at NTNU. The designed power stage inverter is a single phased 1kW, 230 V at the output. The DC/AC power stage converter is able to convert the minimum available voltage at the PV array of about 100V DC. The grid connected PV power stage inverter is designed in Multism and implemented in NI labView for simulation and analysis of output voltage and current.To achieve this goal, several literatures will be studied related to the work in this thesis. The choice of the best circuitry topology must be made and important parameters for the power stage inverter should be calculated/estimated. The control strategy for the power stage inverter shall be proposed and the expected desired output shall be analyzed in LabView and compared to the standard one (Grid output).Problem DescriptionAt NTNU a laboratory for renewable energy is under construction. This lab emulates several different renewable energy sources connected together. The power from the PV panels mounted outside on the building will be available for connection in the laboratory. A survey of control structures for the inverter when used as a grid connected PV inverter will be made. Based on this a suitable control will be chosen, which will include methods for grid synchronization, maximum power utilization, anti-islanding and current/voltage control. System models must be developed, which shall form a basis for controller parameter estimation. In the project the instrumentation system for collection of operation information of the PV plant into a database will be designed based on EtherCAT network. The purpose of this database is to collect and archive performance, reliability and operating cost data for this PV based distributed power systems.This thesis focused on the design of the single phase converter power stage. Important parameters for the inverter stage will be proposed. The converter is designed in Multism and implemented in LabView for the control of the output and user interface. The remaining task to accomplish the whole NTNU project in this laboratory will be the proposal of the control system.

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Arbabzadeh, Sima-Dokht. "Functionality hydrophobicity relationships of selected food proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69580.

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Commercial food proteins were used in order to study the relationship between hydrophobicity and two functional properties: emulsification and foaming. Hydrophobicity determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) binding method and the cis-parinaric acid (CPA) fluorescence probe method gave poor statistical correlation with foaming and emulsification. The SDS binding method gave higher hydrophobicity and higher correlation values with foaming and emulsifying, than the fluorescence probe CPA method.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the secondary structures, of the commercial food proteins. Infrared spectra of the protein samples with or without denaturing agents (SDS, urea, and guanidine) in the region of the amide I and II bands were determined in deuterium oxide (D$ sb{2}$O) buffer. Fourier self-deconvolution was used to study infrared band positions. BSA was an $ alpha$-helix protein, and in the presence of SDS, due to protein unfolding, exhibited a random coil structure. By correlating their infrared spectra to predetermined peak positions in the protein samples, it was shown that the legume proteins contained $ beta$-structure, and as SDS was added, exhibited non-ordered structures. The spectra of gluten samples were obtained only in the presence of SDS, showing either random coil, or non-ordered structures.

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Sereno, Nuno. "Impact of Extrusion Processing on Hydrocolloid Functionality." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519421.

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McCombe, Greg. "Fibre Reinforced Composites with Integrated Electromagnetic Functionality." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525467.

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Tebbs, Robert. "Functionality constraints in feedforward neuromorphic learning systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804354/.

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Polydoratou, Panayiota. "Use and functionality of metadata registry systems." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433432.

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Khanbareh, Hamideh. "Expanding the functionality of piezo-particulate composites." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715258.

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Abul-Haija, Yousef Mustafa Yousef. "Dynamic supramolecular hydrogels with adaptive biological functionality." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25997.

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Chong, M. W. S. "Incorporation of spiropyran functionality into framework materials." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33949/.

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This thesis describes developments towards incorporating spiropyran functionality into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Chapter 1 outlines the reported literature concerning the study of photochemistry with respect to MOFs; such materials have demonstrated potential as both alternative environments for the study of photoactivated processes and platforms to integrate photosensitive moieties. Incorporation of photoactive groups into MOFs has enabled these supramolecular materials to be altered chemically and physically via photo-initiated processes. Existing studies into reversible photoswitching groups are largely focussed on azobenzene. The chronological development of azobenzene incorporation into MOFs reflects the evolving strategies of exploiting this functionality to achieve photocontrol over the properties of MOF materials. These advances in accommodating photoswitching azobenzene into MOFs have been applied in reported studies with other photochromic groups and taken into consideration with the work described herein concerning spiropyrans. Chapter 2 focusses on the preparation of a carboxylic acid functionalised salicylaldehyde 3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (H2L1), a key precursor in the synthesis of carboxylic acid functionalised spiropyrans. The serendipitous outcome in solvothermal reaction of H2L1 and copper nitrate in dimethylformamide affords {Cu2L12·(DMF)2(H2O)}n (1-Cu-DMF) which has been crystallographically characterised and is further described in this chapter. Channels run through the direction of the crystallographic a-axis of 1-Cu; its connectivity and porosity is retained upon solvent exchange of the single crystals with ethanol and tetrahydrofuran. Gas sorption experiments show 1-Cu exhibits type I adsorption behaviour with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 948 ± 1 m2 g−1. Notably, 1-Cu adsorbs negligible quantities of methane compared to carbon dioxide and other C2Hn hydrocarbons; the selectivities are confirmed by analysis via the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) and Henry’s law. Of particular importance, 1-Cu demonstrates exceptional selectivity for acetylene, which has applicability in separation technologies for the isolation of acetylene. Chapter 3 details the design and synthesis of a series of carboxylic acid functionalised spiropyrans and bisbenzospiropyrans. These compounds serve as ligand precursors for MOFs but also have interesting photophysical properties as organic compounds, which are studied in this chapter. Condensation of prefunctionalised fragments, H2L1 and carboxylic acid functionalised Fischer’s base 5, afforded a novel dicarboxylic acid functionalised spiropyran H2L2. A second synthetic route to extended ligand precursors, via Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of ethyl ester functionalised boronic acids to dibrominated photoactive cores and subsequent hydrolysis, is described. Crystallographic characterisation of the ethyl esters indicates flexibility of the core moieties around the spiro carbon. Comparison of the UV-visible absorption spectra shows the properties of related spiropyrans and bisbenzospiropyrans to be influenced by electronic effects arising from both the type and positioning of the functional groups. The fluorescence quantum yields of novel spiropyrans 13, 15 and H2L5 have been determined as 0.025, 0.032 and 0.068 respectively. Cyclic voltammetric experiments show the electrochemical behaviour of spiropyrans to be influenced primarily by electronic effects related to the type of functional group attached, whereas the electrochemical properties of bisbenzospiropyrans is dominated by electronic effects arising from the positioning of the functional groups. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the spectroscopic properties are described and are consistent with experimental observations. Chapter 4 describes investigations to incorporate the carboxylic acid compounds prepared in Chapter 3 into framework materials. To mitigate potential instability problems from using solely photoresponsive and highly flexible components, co-crystallisation with pillaring agents was considered. Reaction of H2L2 with zinc nitrate and a dipyridyl terephthalamide pillaring agent L7 affords coordination network 2 Zn. Two isomers, {Zn(L2)(syn-L7)·(DMF)3(H2O)}n (2-syn-Zn) and {Zn(L2)(anti-L7)·(DMF)3.5(H2O)1.5}n (2-anti-Zn), have been crystallographically characterised; their differences rest upon the conformations adopted by ligand L7. The structure of the 2 anti Zn isomer has higher potential porosity, appearing as rhomboid channels running down the direction of the crystallographic b-axis. The two dimensional sheets of both 2-syn-Zn and 2-anti-Zn are linked in a third dimension through hydrogen bonding interactions between the carboxylate of (L2)2− and amide moiety of L7 in adjacent layers. UV irradiation (325 nm) of single crystals of both forms of 2 Zn initiates a growth in fluorescence of the material observed in situ on a Raman microscope. In situ monitoring of the fluorescence using a 785 nm laser shows a decay over 23 hours to recover the original Raman spectrum of the material. The fluorescence decay can be fitted to a biexponential process; the faster process (13 270 s−1 and 1290 s−1, 2-syn-Zn and 2-anti-Zn respectively) is approximately an order of magnitude greater than the slower process (3980 s−1 and 350 s−1 respectively). DFT calculations suggest the theoretical spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of (L2)2− are not significantly changed by coordination to zinc in 2-Zn. The structures 2-syn-Zn and 2-anti-Zn are the first known examples of spiropyran functionality being incorporated into frameworks.

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Waterfield, Price Noah. "Domains and functionality in multiferroic BiFeO3 films." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8a8f8ff-8510-4fdf-93f4-0037cebc0210.

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For over half a century, the technological promise of spins manipulable by a small voltage has captivated the interest of experimental and theoretical researchers alike. However, if thin-film multiferroics are to be incorporated into future data storage devices, a much greater understanding of their behaviour and how they differ from their bulk counterparts is required. In this thesis, we probe the fundamental multiferroic properties of BiFeO₃ films through a combination of state-of-the-art diffraction and microscopy techniques. We investigate the coupling between magnetic, ferroelectric, and structural order, with a focus on domains, and how the domain structure may be manipulated in order to tailor the multiferroic properties of the material. Using non-resonant magnetic x-ray scattering (NXMS) and neutron diffraction, we study the magnetic and structural properties of (111)_pc-oriented BiFeO₃ films. Contrary to the general belief that to they grow as a rhombohedral monodomain, we find that they comprise a sub-micron texture of monoclinic domains. The magnetic structure is found to be intimately coupled to the structure, resulting in the propagation vector being locked to the monoclinic b-axis. This magnetoelastic coupling opens up a route to strain-engineer the magnetic domains via epitaxial strain. By growing BiFeO₃ films on a lower-symmetry, TbScO₃ substrate, we are able to engineer a magnetic, structural and ferroelectric monodomain, coherent over the entire film, constituting an increase in the domain size by over five orders of magnitude. We directly demonstrate the coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters of the cycloidal magnetic structure. Using NXMS polarimetry to measure directly the magnetic polarity, we show that upon switching the ferroelectric polarisation, the magnetic polarity switches accordingly---a major rearrangement of the magnetic structure, with each spin rotating by 90 degrees on average. This goes counter to idea that magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters are only weakly coupled in type-I multiferroics. Finally, using photoemission electron microscopy we are able to directly image the sub-micron magnetostructural domain structure. We further show that there is a strong interfacial coupling between the magnetostructural domains of BiFeO₃ with a ferromagnetic overlayer. The BiFeO₃ domains are found to impose a uniaxial anisotropy in the overlayer, opening up a route to control ferromagnetic domains.

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Ren, Han. "Emergent Functionality and Controllability in Beamforming System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062804/.

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This dissertation presents beamforming designs. Using novel techniques and methods, the performance of the beamforming is improved on dual-band, tri-band, flexible function, tunable function in THz, and dynamic controllability on incident wave.

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Schilling, Mark Wesley. "Hydrodynamic Shock Wave Effects on Protein Functionality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35132.

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Abstract:

USDA Select bovine Biceps femoris (BF) samples were divided into four sections and randomly assigned to three hydrodynamic shock wave (HSW) treatments and a control. Different amounts of explosive (105 g, H1; 200 g, H2; 305 g, H3) were suspended in the center of the hemishell tank, 26.7 cm above the vacuum packaged beef placed on the bottom center of that water-filled tank and detonated, representing three HSW treatments. In addition, BF steaks (2.54-cm thick) from a different and limited common source (2 muscles) were packaged with each HSW designated BF section. These served as internal refernce steaks (IRS) for the six replications to determine if the HSW treatments physically altered the structural integrity of the meat. H1 and H3 decreased (P<0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear values of the IRS from 3.86 and 3.99 kg (controls) to 3.01 and 3.02 kg (HSW), respectively. H2 shear values, 3.86 (control) to 3.46 kg (HSW) were not different (P> 0.05). HSW and control BF sections were analyzed for protein solubility and then used to manufacture frankfurters formulated with 2.0% NaCl, 0.5 % sodium tripolyphosphate, 156 ppm sodium nitrite, 0.42 % sodium erythorbate, 2.0 % sucrose, and 25 % water. Frankfurters (cooked to 71 C) were evaluated for cooking yield, CIE L*a*b*, nitrosylhemochrome, Texture Profile Analysis (hardness, cohesiveness), and stress and strain (torsion testing). Compared to the control samples, the HSW did not affect (P>0.05) myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic protein solubility, cooking yield, or color. Textural properties and gel strength of the frankfurters were not affected (P>0.05) by the HSW. These results indicate that beef trim obtained from HSW processed meat can be used interchangeably with normal meat trim in the production of further processed meats since the functionality of meat protein is not affected significantly by the HSW process.
Master of Science

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Functionality'

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