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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Horák, Karel, and Vladimír Müller. "Functional model for commuting isometries." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 39, no. 2 (1989): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1989.102308.

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2

Rodina, Galina, and Vladimir Rodin. "Non-functional demand model vs functional demand model: prospects for competitiveness in a transforming world." JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 5, no. 1 (2024): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/2782-1927-2024-5-1-4-13.

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The purpose of the article is to analyse the problem of changing the relationship between non-functional and functional demand. The main task of the presented research is to define the most competitive model (based on functional or non-functional demand) of consumer behaviour in the conditions of the economy of the 20s of the XXI century. To solve this problem, we studied the structure of consumer demand: functional and non-functional ones. We identified the features of non-functional demand, and considered the reasons for its expansion in modern society. Moreover, paper highlights fixing changes in consumer orientations, which resulted in the search for satisfaction not only of material needs, but also aesthetic, emotional, and social ones. It allowed us to formulate a conclusion on the existence of objective reasons for the spread of non-functional demand. Within the framework of non-functional demand, we perform an analysis of origin and expansion of the downshifting phenomenon through the transformation of the basis of functional demand. The authors believe that qualitative changes in global socio-economic development have revolutionized the theoretical concepts of rationality, which are the basis of the functional demand model. Nevertheless, authors criticise the interpretation of downshifting as a model of irrational consumer behaviour, and put forward a hypothesis on the legitimacy of this new phenomenon to be analysed within the framework of functional demand. The authors consider the assumption of the possibility of changing the objectives of society to be a condition for the realization of this hypothesis. it can cause the transformation of «efficiency» concept over the past 300 years. Paper forecasts increasing of non-economic goals rationality, cooperation, mutual benefits, and the coupling of knowledge and technology to moral, cultural, and ethical principles and norms. As a result, in the contrary to the widespread assessment of downshifting as a deviant form of consumer behavior, there was put forward hypothesis considering downshifting as a part of classical consumer choice matrix, taking into account the transformation of this matrix itself.

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3

Lei, Y., and S. Y Zhang. "Comparison and selection of growth models using the Schnute model." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 4 (2012): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4501-jfs.

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Forestmodellers have long faced the problem of selecting an appropriate mathematical model to describe tree ontogenetic or size-shape empirical relationships for tree species. A common practice is to develop many models (or a model pool) that include different functional forms, and then to select the most appropriate one for a given data set. However, this process may impose subjective restrictions on the functional form. In this process, little attention is paid to the features (e.g. asymptote and inflection point rather than asymptote and nonasymptote) of different functional forms, and to the intrinsic curve of a given data set. In order to find a better way of comparing and selecting the growth models, this paper describes and analyses the characteristics of the Schnute model. This model has both flexibility and versatility that have not been used in forestry. In this study, the Schnute model was applied to different data sets of selected forest species to determine their functional forms. The results indicate that the model shows some desirable properties for the examined data sets, and allows for discerning the different intrinsic curve shapes such as sigmoid, concave and other curve shapes. Since no suitable functional form for a given data set is usually known prior to the comparison of candidate models, it is recommended that the Schnute model be used as the first step to determine an appropriate functional form of the data set under investigation in order to avoid using a functional form a priori.

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4

Tryhuk, Václav. "Functional equations and a theoretical model of DLTS." Applications of Mathematics 40, no. 6 (1995): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1995.134308.

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5

Cardot, Hervé, Frédéric Ferraty, and Pascal Sarda. "Functional linear model." Statistics & Probability Letters 45, no. 1 (1999): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7152(99)00036-x.

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6

Bücher, Axel, Holger Dette, and Gabriele Wieczorek. "Testing model assumptions in functional regression models." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 102, no. 10 (2011): 1472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2011.05.014.

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7

o‘g‘li, Khujakulov Anvar Karomatullo. "FUNCTIONAL-STRUCTURAL MODEL OF FORMATION OF HYPOTHETICAL THINKING IN STUDENTS." European International Journal of Pedagogics 4, no. 12 (2024): 164–69. https://doi.org/10.55640/eijp-04-12-37.

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This article is an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the development of a functional-structural model of the process of forming hypothetical thinking in students of technical specialties. The first stage of developing the model involves the identification of interrelated components, including necessary and sufficient elements aimed at achieving the planned result - a transition to a higher level of formation of hypothetical thinking in students. The next stage is the graphic construction of the model, which consists in combining all its elements and visually reflecting the order of interaction of its components.

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8

Elida, Fuster Guillén Doris. "New functional model of research skills in social problem solving." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 12, no. 1 (2020): 442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v12i1.201024.

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9

Sorokina, O. O. "FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCE FORMATION MODEL." Educational Dimension 24 (February 10, 2009): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.6041.

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10

Lee, Kuang‐Yao, and Lexin Li. "Functional structural equation model." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 84, no. 2 (2022): 600–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12471.

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11

James, Gareth M., and Bernard W. Silverman. "Functional Adaptive Model Estimation." Journal of the American Statistical Association 100, no. 470 (2005): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/016214504000001556.

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12

Lian, Heng. "Functional partial linear model." Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 23, no. 1 (2011): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485252.2010.500385.

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13

Quinn, James H. "A functional TMJ model." Journal of the American Dental Association 120, no. 3 (1990): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1990.0062.

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14

Zouagui, T., H. Benoit-Cattin, and C. Odet. "Image segmentation functional model." Pattern Recognition 37, no. 9 (2004): 1785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2003.12.014.

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15

Kennedy, John, Stephen M. Matyas, and Nevenko Zunic. "Key Recovery Functional Model." Computers & Security 19, no. 1 (2000): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(00)86360-9.

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16

Orman, Levent. "Functional data model design." Information Systems 11, no. 2 (1986): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(86)90002-5.

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17

HIRAMATSU, Shigeki, Shizuo SUMIDA, and Akio NAGAMATSU. "Hierarchical Functional Model for Automobile Development. 3rd Report. Functional Model of Drivetrain." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 68, no. 671 (2002): 2090–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.68.2090.

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18

Hendrix, Barry, Thomas Lewis, Melissa Emery, and Brian Rachele. "Model Based Functional Safety – How Functional Is It?" Journal of System Safety 57, no. 2 (2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i2.192.

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As the engineering world embraces Model Based System Engineering (MBSE), the system safety discipline should also enfold and support MBSE methodology and approaches. The need for Model Based Functional safety, as part of the established system safety and software safety process, is becoming apparent due to existing and developing system design complexity. This paper is intended to show how valuable Model Based Functional Safety approaches can be when evaluating safety signification functions of complex software-intensive integrated systems. Using models can improve the accuracy during the Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA) and can help validate Fault Tree Analyses (FTA) and subsequent system safety analysis (SSA) process and results because the model focuses on the architecture, the physical system, the computer system, as well as the applicable software/middleware/Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs). Model Based Functional Safety may utilize use cases, structural architecture models, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, functional flow diagrams, and state/mode models to depict safety attributes and to influence explicit safety requirements. SysML may be used to depict critical functions, functional threads, safety features, and expected behavior. Such augmented models (safety models) can also be used to analyze potential off nominal failure conditions and system behavior for various scenarios when conducting FHAs and subsequently detailed system and software safety analyses. This paper will provide an example of the MBSE framework and concepts for tool use in the functional safety analysis and the utilization of attributed models and artifacts to supplement system safety documentation.

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19

Sadasivam, R., C. Kailasam, R. Chandrababu, A. Arjunan, M. Nagarajan, and Rangasamy S. R. Sree. "Developing a Functional Model of Rice Panicle Growth." International Rice Research Newsletter 15, no. 5 (1990): 9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7214485.

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This article 'Developing a Functional Model of Rice Panicle Growth' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

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20

Miková, Ľubica. "DESIGN OF A FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF A THREE-WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(33) (2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2023-3(33)-53-58.

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Mobile wheeled robots are one of the most widespread group of service robots today. The simplicity of their design and their ability to better negotiate difficult terrain places them at the forefront. In practice, it is possible to find a variety of mobilewheeled robots, which differ from each other in the number and arrangement of wheels, the variety of structural design, or the suspension of the wheels and their suspension. Current statistics confirm that mobile service robots on wheeled chassis are themost numerous design of all realized applications, technical practice has filled with the diversity of their design solutions. The diversity of wheeled mobile service robots is mainly in the design of the wheeled chassis, the solutions range from single-wheeled to multi-wheeled concepts, from simple variants of the chassis layout to special or combined systems. The purpose of the article is the design of a three-wheeled robot, which will include the derivation of a mathematical model, the construction of a simulation model and the creation of a model in CAD software. An important part of the robot analysis is a complete kinematic model of the mechanical system, which provides all the necessary kinematic quantities for both the dynamic model of the mechanical system (force application, link loading, sizing) and for control needs (synthesis of position and velocity controllers). It is mainly about the position and orientation of the end working point in time and the corresponding position of the individual links of the mechanism. The next step was the overall design of the electronic system by appropriately selecting the electronic components and also creating the overall electronic circuitry. Finally, an experimental realistic model of the mobile robot was created from the simulation results.

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21

Zhu, Hongxiao, Philip J. Brown, and Jeffrey S. Morris. "Robust, Adaptive Functional Regression in Functional Mixed Model Framework." Journal of the American Statistical Association 106, no. 495 (2011): 1167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10370.

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22

Wang, Guochang, Baoxue Zhang, Wenhui Liao, and Baojian Xie. "Estimation of functional regression model via functional dimension reduction." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 379 (December 2020): 112948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2020.112948.

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23

HIRAMATSU, Shigeki, Shizuo SUMIDA, Akio NAGAMATSU, and Hiroyuki ARAKAWA. "Hierarchical Functional Model for Automobile Development. 2nd Report. Functional and Mechanical Models of Engine." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 68, no. 671 (2002): 2082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.68.2082.

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24

Malfait, Nicole, and James O. Ramsay. "The historical functional linear model." Canadian Journal of Statistics 31, no. 2 (2003): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3316063.

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25

Doronina, Inna, and Svetlana Londar. "Designing municipal library functional model." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2016-4-5-15.

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The conclusions on using functional modeling results for library processes modernization are presented. The authors prove that such functional models make the basis for efficient information services. The study was accomplished at Valuy district Intersettlement Library, Belgorod Oblast, Russia.

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26

Chaplinska, Iuliia. "FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF PARASOCIAL RELATIONS." Psychological journal 6, no. 5 (2020): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.6.

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27

Саранчук, Юрий, Yuriy Saranchuk, Игорь Мукиенко, and Igor Mukienko. "FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW." Advances in Law Studies 6, no. 2 (2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5b85b382a67ef7.08311690.

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The article considers a methodological approach to the analysis of administrative law as a system. The basis of this approach is the different content characteristic of the category "function" in the theory of administrative law. A brief overview of legal models based on the regulatory and protective functions of administrative law, public administration functions, and the functions of federal executive bodies is given.

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28

Kim, Janet S., Arnab Maity, and Ana-Maria Staicu. "Additive nonlinear functional concurrent model." Statistics and Its Interface 11, no. 4 (2018): 669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/sii.2018.v11.n4.a11.

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29

Hossein Keshavarz, Mohammad. "Halliday's Communicative-Functional Model Revisited." Communication Disorders Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2001): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152574010102200404.

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30

Kulkarni, K. G. "EFDM: Extended Functional Data Model." Computer Journal 29, no. 1 (1986): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/29.1.38.

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31

Blackburne, Benjamin P., and Jonathan D. Hirst. "Evolution of functional model proteins." Journal of Chemical Physics 115, no. 4 (2001): 1935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1383051.

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32

Teipel, S., and B. Krebs. "A functional model for monooxygenases." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 47, no. 3-4 (1992): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(92)84158-j.

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33

Vasconcellos, Muriel. "A Functional Model of Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 32, no. 3 (1986): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.32.3.03vas.

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34

Halevy, Nir, Eileen Y. Chou, and Adam D. Galinsky. "A functional model of hierarchy." Organizational Psychology Review 1, no. 1 (2011): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041386610380991.

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35

Daugherty, Patricia J., Dale S. Rogers, and Michael S. Spencer. "Just‐in‐time Functional Model." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 24, no. 6 (1994): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039410066150.

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36

Brockhaus, Sarah, Fabian Scheipl, Torsten Hothorn, and Sonja Greven. "The functional linear array model." Statistical Modelling: An International Journal 15, no. 3 (2015): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471082x14566913.

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37

Ashurova, Dilyaram U. "Functional model of fictional text." Nizhnevartovsk Philological Bulletin 7, no. 2 (2022): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2500-1795/22-2/06.

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The article is concerned with the problem of the functional potential of the fictional text, and its activation in the process of literary communication. The functions in terms of the basic, secondary and particular ones have been classified according to their conceptual significance. The functional model of the fictional text includes seven basic functions; aesthetic, communicative, stylistic, cognitive, social, cultural and interpretative, the first one playing the dominant role and subordinating others. The parameterization of the functional model has discovered it's basic characteristics: a) polyfunctionality manifested in multiple diversity of functions; b) hierarchical correlations of functions subdived into basic, secondary and particular functions; c) the formation of the double functions (communicative-pragmatic, cognitive-discursive, cognitive stylistic, sociocultural and others); d) two-level realization of the functional potential: at the level of language means and b) at the level of the whole text. The postulate of fiction polyfunctionality manifested in the system of hierarchical correlation of different types of functions which in combination form and integrated functional semantic field of the whole text, has been grounded. The distinctive features of the functional model of fiction have been outlined. They are: a) the usage of doubled functions conditioned by a complex, multidimensional and interdisciplinary nature of the fictional text; b) differentiation of functions according to the principle of their level realization (the level of the text and that of a linguistic unit): at the level of the whole text the basic functions are used while at the level of the linguistic unit different types of the secondary functions are realized; c) the cluster usage of different functions enhancing and intensifying the pragmatic effect of emotional or intellectual impact on the reader.

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38

Escabias, M., A. M. Aguilera, and M. J. Valderrama. "Functional PLS logit regression model." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 51, no. 10 (2007): 4891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2006.08.011.

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39

Chun, Alexa L., Lane J. Wallace, Michael C. Gerald, Alan J. Wein, and Robert M. Levin. "Functional whole rat bladder model." Neurourology and Urodynamics 8, no. 1 (1989): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.1930080108.

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40

Revtova, E. G. "Functional Model of Credit System." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 20, no. 5 (2023): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2023-50-61.

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The subject of the research is the process of credit functioning, its goal is to develop a functional model of credit system. The research hypothesis assumes that credit continuous development ensures its adaptation to the changing environment. Methodology of the research was made up by the universal academic method, i. e. the outline of functional system, the method of analogies and critical analysis of literature. Within the elaborated functional model of the credit system components of credit were identified: store unit, two units of subsystem and resources providing its adaptation to the impact of the environment; mechanisms of organization and self-organization were substantiated; ways of transforming credit functional system in response to environment changes were demonstrated. The elaborated functional model of the credit system provides systematic comprehension of the process of credit functioning; explains the character of outward impact on the credit system and resources ensuring response to this impact; elucidates processes of organization and self-organization in the credit system. The obtained results can contribute to the development of academic theory of credit, give extra opportunities for grounding the objective regularities of its continuous development and propose additional ways for developing mechanisms of credit management.

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41

Soares, Rafael de P., and Renan P. Gerber. "Functional-Segment Activity Coefficient Model. 1. Model Formulation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 32 (2013): 11159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie400170a.

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42

Kawamura, Shinsuke, Ken'ichi Koyanagi, Tatsuo Motoyoshi, Hiroyuki Masuta, and Toru Oshima. "Functional Verification with a Scale Model for Movable Type Power Assist System." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.165.

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43

Tucci, Beatriz Ferreira Martins, and Magda Lúcia Félix de Oliveira. "Alcoholic beverage users: structural and functional aspects based on the Calgary Model." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 20 (April 3, 2019): e40226. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20192040226.

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44

Rachdi, Mustapha, Mohamed Alahiane, Idir Ouassou, Abdelaziz Alahiane, and Lahoucine Hobbad. "Cross-Validated Functional Generalized Partially Linear Single-Functional Index Model." Mathematics 12, no. 17 (2024): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12172649.

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In this paper, we have introduced a functional approach for approximating nonparametric functions and coefficients in the presence of multivariate and functional predictors. By utilizing the Fisher scoring algorithm and the cross-validation technique, we derived the necessary components that allow us to explain scalar responses, including the functional index, the nonlinear regression operator, the single-index component, and the systematic component. This approach effectively addresses the curse of dimensionality and can be applied to the analysis of multivariate and functional random variables in a separable Hilbert space. We employed an iterative Fisher scoring procedure with normalized B-splines to estimate the parameters, and both the theoretical and practical evaluations demonstrated its favorable performance. The results indicate that the nonparametric functions, the coefficients, and the regression operators can be estimated accurately, and our method exhibits strong predictive capabilities when applied to real or simulated data.

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45

Xiao, Weiwei, Kejing Mao, and Haiyan Liu. "Generalized Partially Functional Linear Model with Interaction between Functional Predictors." Axioms 13, no. 9 (2024): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13090583.

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This paper proposes a generalized partially functional linear model with interaction terms. It is suitable for cases where the response variable is scalar, and the predictor variables include a mix of functional and scalar types, while considering the correlations among functional predictor variables. The model uses principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction, employs maximum likelihood estimation to obtain parameter values, proves the asymptotic properties of the estimates, and validates the model’s accuracy through data simulation experiments. Finally, the proposed model was applied to investigate the influence of air quality, climate factors, and medical and social indicators, along with their interactions, on cancer incidence, which is a binary response.

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46

Lunel, Sjoerd M. Verduyn, and Dmitry V. Yakubovich. "A functional model approach to linear neutral functional differential equations." Integral Equations and Operator Theory 27, no. 3 (1997): 347–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01324734.

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47

Maksym, Korobchynskyi, Slonov Mykhailo, Tsybulskyi Serhii, Dereko Vladyslav, and Maryliv Oleksandr. "CONSTRUCTION OF A METHOD FOR THE STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL-COST MODELING OF A COMPLEX HIERARCHIC SYSTEM." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 4 (103) (2020): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.195379.

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A method has been proposed for the structural functional-cost modeling of a complex hierarchical system. The initial data for carrying out calculations directly based on the functional-cost model have been determined. We have proposed and substantiated the cost description of a complex system and its components by using analytical approximating dependences. An example of the functional-cost algorithm has been given that employs a Lagrange multiplier method for complex systems with a serial combination of its separate parts. The solution to the example is the distribution among the desired probabilities of the effective operation of individual parts in terms of the minimum cost. Deriving such distribution does not require absolute values of the cost of both parts and the entire system. The issues addressed in the cost rationalization include the following: ensuring the predefined level of the functional perfection of a system at its minimum cost; determining the minimum required level of functional excellence in a single link at the known levels of functional excellence of the system and all other links except the one under investigation; determining the required number of parallel operating links for the same purpose; clarification of the required level of the functional perfection of links (information sensors, information processing links, communication channels) that have parallel communication; the structural improvement of a complex system by selecting a link within the system for which the improvement of functional perfection can be realized at minimum cost. We have proposed rules for the structural rationalization of a complex system. The first of them is the rule of the rational structural structure of a complex system. That makes it possible to receive a sufficient benefit from the complex system at minimum cost. The second rule is the expediency of complicating a complex system. According to it, complicating a complex system is advisable only if it improves the functional perfection of the entire complex system. The third rule, a rule of the proper structure, shows that there are no unnecessary links in the complex system, that is, those links that do not perform any activities that are not functionally required by a given system

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48

Zhang, Haili, and Guohua Zou. "Cross-Validation Model Averaging for Generalized Functional Linear Model." Econometrics 8, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8010007.

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Functional data is a common and important type in econometrics and has been easier and easier to collect in the big data era. To improve estimation accuracy and reduce forecast risks with functional data, in this paper, we propose a novel cross-validation model averaging method for generalized functional linear model where the scalar response variable is related to a random function predictor by a link function. We establish asymptotic theoretical result on the optimality of the weights selected by our method when the true model is not in the candidate model set. Our simulations show that the proposed method often performs better than the commonly used model selection and averaging methods. We also apply the proposed method to Beijing second-hand house price data.

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49

Andreas, Petter, Borgert Stephan, Aitenbichler Erwin, Behring Alexander, and Muhlhauser Max. "BRAIN Journal - Understanding Service Composition with Non-functional Properties Using Declarative Model-to-model Transformations." Brain Journal 1, SPECIAL ISSUE ON ADVANCES IN APPLIED SCIENCES (2010): 130–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037433.

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ABSTRACT Developing applications comprising service composition is a complex task. Therefore, to lower the skill barrier for developers, it is important to describe the problem at hand on an abstract level and not to focus on implementation details. This can be done using declarative programming which allows to describe only the result of the problem (which is what the developer wants) rather than the description of the implementation. We therefore use purely declarative model-to-model transformations written in a universal model transformation language which is capable of handling even non functional properties using optimization and mathematical programming. This makes it easier to understand and describe service composition and nonfunctional properties for the developer.

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NOLLAND, DAVID, and PAUL MANSFIELD. "THE SCHRÖDINGER REPRESENTATION FOR FERMIONS AND A LOCAL EXPANSION OF THE SCHWINGER MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 03 (2000): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00000203.

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Abstract:

We discuss the functional representation of fermions, and obtain exact expressions for wave-functionals of the Schwinger model. Known features of the model such as bosonization and the vacuum angle arise naturally. Contrary to expectations, the vacuum wave-functional does not simplify at large distances, but it may be reconstructed as a large time limit of the Schrödinger functional, which has an expansion in local terms. The functional Schrödinger equation reduces to a set of algebraic equations for the coefficients of these terms. These ideas generalize to a numerical approach to QCD in higher dimensions.

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