Journal articles: 'Functional lateralisation'

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Arun, KM, KA Smitha, PG Rajesh, and Chandrasekharan Kesavadas. "Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is in moderate accordance with functional MRI in determining lateralisation of frontal language areas." Neuroradiology Journal 31, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917739083.

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Purpose Understanding language dominance is crucial in pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy and in patients having a tumour close to the language area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are well established in evaluating language dominance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical imaging modality that offers a convenient and affordable technique to image language-related cortical areas. This study investigates the agreement between results from task-based fMRI and fNIRS in determining language lateralisation. Methods Language laterality indices LIs were calculated from both fMRI and fNIRS measurements of the same individual volunteers by using an identical paradigm. Statistical measures of percentage agreement and kappa value have been calculated for testing agreement and reliability. Results A correlation analysis of the LI values shows a good correlation with r = 0.677 at p < 0.05. Statistical comparison of both fMRI and fNIRS methods for language lateralisation yielded a percentage agreement of 90% and a moderate kappa value of κ = 0.621. Conclusion Our study suggests that fNIRS is in moderate accordance with fMRI in determining lateralisation of the frontal language areas. It implies that the optical imaging technique can provide additional information on functional lateralisation of frontal language areas.

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Woodhead, Zoe V. J., Holly A. Rutherford, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks." Wellcome Open Research 3 (February 11, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.3.

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Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.

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Woodhead, Zoe V. J., Holly A. Rutherford, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks." Wellcome Open Research 3 (August 24, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.1.

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Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.

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Woodhead, Zoe V. J., Holly A. Rutherford, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks." Wellcome Open Research 3 (October 15, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.2.

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Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.

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Sommer, Iris E. C., Nick F. Ramsey, René C. W. Mandl, Clarine J. Van Oel, and René S. Kahn. "Language activation in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 2 (February 2004): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.2.128.

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BackgroundIn previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, participants with schizophrenia showed decreased language lateralisation, resulting from increased activation of the right hemisphere compared with controls.AimTo determine whether decreased lateralisation and increased right cerebral language activation constitute genetic predispositions for schizophrenia.MethodLanguage activation was measured using fMRI in 12 right-handed monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 12 healthy right-handed monozygotic twin pairs who were matched for gender, age and education.ResultsLanguage lateralisation was decreased in discordant twin pairs compared with the healthy twin pairs. The groups did not differ in activation of the language-related areas of the left hemisphere, but language-related activation in the right hemisphere was significantly higher in the discordant twin pairs than in the healthy pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, language lateralisation was not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and their co-twins.ConclusionsDecreased language lateralisation may constitute a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.

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Silva, Guilherme, and Alberto Citterio. "Hemispheric asymmetries in dorsal language pathway white-matter tracts: A magnetic resonance imaging tractography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 5 (July 12, 2017): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917720829.

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Introduction Previous studies have shown that the arcuate fasciculus has a leftward asymmetry in right-handers that could be correlated with the language lateralisation defined by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nonetheless, information about the asymmetry of the other fibres that constitute the dorsal language pathway is scarce. Objectives This study investigated the asymmetry of the white-matter tracts involved in the dorsal language pathway through the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique, in relation to language hemispheric dominance determined by task-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods We selected 11 patients (10 right-handed) who had been studied with task-dependent fMRI for language areas and DTI and who had no language impairment or structural abnormalities that could compromise magnetic resonance tractography of the fibres involved in the dorsal language pathway. Laterality indices (LI) for fMRI and for the volumes of each tract were calculated. Results In fMRI, all the right-handers had left hemispheric lateralisation, and the ambidextrous subject presented right hemispheric dominance. The arcuate fasciculus LI was strongly correlated with fMRI LI ( r = 0.739, p = 0.009), presenting the same lateralisation of fMRI in seven subjects (including the right hemispheric dominant). It was not asymmetric in three cases and had opposite lateralisation in one case. The other tracts presented predominance for rightward lateralisation, especially superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II/III (nine subjects), but their LI did not correlate (directly or inversely) with fMRI LI. Conclusion The fibres that constitute the dorsal language pathway have an asymmetric distribution in the cerebral hemispheres. Only the asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus is correlated with fMRI language lateralisation.

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Wilson, Alexander C., and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Resounding failure to replicate links between developmental language disorder and cerebral lateralisation." PeerJ 6 (January 8, 2018): e4217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4217.

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Background It has been suggested that failure to establish cerebral lateralisation may be related to developmental language disorder (DLD). There has been weak support for any link with handedness, but more consistent reports of associations with functional brain lateralisation for language. The consistency of lateralisation across different functions may also be important. We aimed to replicate previous findings of an association between DLD and reduced laterality on a quantitative measure of hand preference (reaching across the midline) and on language laterality assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD). Methods From a sample of twin children aged from 6;0 to 11;11 years, we identified 107 cases of DLD and 156 typically-developing comparison cases for whom we had useable data from fTCD yielding a laterality index (LI) for language function during an animation description task. Handedness data were also available for these children. Results Indices of handedness and language laterality for this twin sample were similar to those previously reported for single-born children. There were no differences between the DLD and TD groups on measures of handedness or language lateralisation, or on a categorical measure of consistency of left hemisphere dominance. Contrary to prediction, there was a greater incidence of right lateralisation for language in the TD group (19.90%) than the DLD group (9.30%), confirming that atypical laterality is not inconsistent with typical language development. We also failed to replicate associations between language laterality and language test scores. Discussion and Conclusions Given the large sample studied here and the range of measures, we suggest that previous reports of atypical manual or language lateralisation in DLD may have been false positives.

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Serrien, Deborah J., and Michiel M. Sovijärvi-Spapé. "Manual dexterity: Functional lateralisation patterns and motor efficiency." Brain and Cognition 108 (October 2016): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.07.005.

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Mahaseth, R. K., U. Gurung, and B. Pradhan. "Conchopexy Suture versus Bolgerization in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation following FESS." Rhinology Online 4, no. 4 (August 23, 2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhinol/21.020.

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Background: Middle turbinate lateralisation is the most common minor post-operative complication following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study aimed to compare the outcome between Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization method in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Methodology: This was a prospective, comparative and interventional study conducted from May 2018 to November 2019 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 68 patients were divided equally into two groups. Following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the middle turbinate was medialised either by Conchopexy suture or Bolgerization technique. Postoperative assessment was done on the second and 12th week of surgery, where the position of the middle turbinate and status of the sinus cavity were assessed using perioperative sinus endoscopic (POSE) score. Chi-square test and unpaired t test were used for comparison of postoperative results between two groups taking p value of < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Lateralised middle turbinate and mean POSE score was 5/34 (14.8%) and 2.1±1.25, respectively, in Conchopexy group whilst in Bolgerization group it was 6/34 (17.6%) and 2.5±1.46. However, the observed differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization techniques were equally effective in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Hence, either of these techniques could be used as an adjunct to FESS to avoid middle turbinate lateralisation.

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Bishop, Dorothy V. M., Clara R. Grabitz, Sophie C. Harte, Kate E. Watkins, Miho Sasaki, Eva Gutierrez-Sigut, Mairéad MacSweeney, Zoe V. J. Woodhead, and Heather Payne. "Cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages in bilinguals assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound." Wellcome Open Research 1 (July 28, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9869.2.

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Background: Lateralised language processing is a well-established finding in monolinguals. In bilinguals, studies using fMRI have typically found substantial regional overlap between the two languages, though results may be influenced by factors such as proficiency, age of acquisition and exposure to the second language. Few studies have focused specifically on individual differences in brain lateralisation, and those that have suggested reduced lateralisation may characterise representation of the second language (L2) in some bilingual individuals. Methods: In Study 1, we used functional transcranial Doppler sonography (FTCD) to measure cerebral lateralisation in both languages in high proficiency bilinguals who varied in age of acquisition (AoA) of L2. They had German (N = 14) or French (N = 10) as their first language (L1) and English as their second language. FTCD was used to measure task-dependent blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries during phonological word generation cued by single letters. Language history measures and handedness were assessed through self-report. Study 2 followed a similar format with 25 Japanese (L1) /English (L2) bilinguals, with proficiency in their second language ranging from basic to advanced, using phonological and semantic word generation tasks with overt speech production. Results: In Study 1, participants were significantly left lateralised for both L1 and L2, with a high correlation (r = .70) in the size of laterality indices for L1 and L2. In Study 2, again there was good agreement between LIs for the two languages (r = .77 for both word generation tasks). There was no evidence in either study of an effect of age of acquisition, though the sample sizes were too small to detect any but large effects. Conclusion: In proficient bilinguals, there is strong concordance for cerebral lateralisation of first and second language as assessed by a verbal fluency task.

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Griffiths, Charlotte, Richard Holland, and Anna Gagliardo. "Is There Visual Lateralisation of the Sun Compass in Homing Pigeons?" Symmetry 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050740.

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Functional lateralisation in the avian visual system can be easily studied by testing monocularly occluded birds. The sun compass is a critical source of navigational information in birds, but studies of visual asymmetry have focussed on cues in a laboratory rather than a natural setting. We investigate functional lateralisation of sun compass use in the visual system of homing pigeons trained to locate food in an outdoor octagonal arena, with a coloured beacon in each sector and a view of the sun. The arena was rotated to introduce a cue conflict, and the experimental groups, a binocular treatment and two monocular treatments, were tested for their directional choice. We found no significant difference in test orientation between the treatments, with all groups showing evidence of both sun compass and beacon use, suggesting no complete functional lateralisation of sun compass use within the visual system. However, reduced directional consistency of binocular vs. monocular birds may reveal a conflict between the two hemispheres in a cue conflict condition. Birds using the right hemisphere were more likely to choose the intermediate sector between the training sector and the shifted training beacon, suggesting a possible asymmetry in favour of the left eye/right hemisphere (LE/RH) when integrating different cues.

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Grabitz, Clara R., Kate E. Watkins, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages in bilinguals assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound." Wellcome Open Research 1 (November 15, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9869.1.

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Background: Lateralised representation of language in monolinguals is a well-established finding, but the situation is much less clear when there is more than one language. Studies to date have identified a number of factors that might influence the brain organisation of language in bilinguals. These include proficiency, age of acquisition and exposure to the second language. The question as to whether the cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages are the same or different is as yet unresolved. Methods: We used functional transcranial Doppler sonography (FTCD) to measure cerebral lateralisation in the first and second languages in 26 high proficiency bilinguals with German or French as their first language (L1) and English as their second language (L2). FTCD was used to measure task-dependent blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries during word generation cued by single letters. Language history measures and handedness were assessed through self-report questionnaires. Results:The majority of participants were significantly left lateralised for both L1 and L2, with no significant difference in the size of asymmetry indices between L1 and L2. Asymmetry indices for L1 and L2 were not related to language history, such as proficiency of the L2. Conclusion: In highly proficient bilinguals, there is strong concordance for cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages.

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Mitchell, Rachel L. C., Rebecca Elliott, Martin Barry, Alan Cruttenden, and Peter W. R. Woodruff. "Neural response to emotional prosody in schizophrenia and in bipolar affective disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 3 (March 2004): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.3.223.

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BackgroundEvidence suggests a reversal of the normal left-lateralised response to speech in schizophrenia.AimsTo test the brain's response to emotional prosody in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.MethodBOLD contrast functional magnetic resonance imaging of subjects while they passively listened or attended to sentences that differed in emotional prosody.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia exhibited normal right-lateralisation of the passive response to ‘pure’ emotional prosody and relative left-lateralisation of the response to unfiltered emotional prosody. When attending to emotional prosody, patients with schizophrenia activated the left insula more than healthy controls. When listening passively, patients with bipolar disorder demonstrated less activation of the bilateral superior temporal gyri in response to pure emotional prosody, and greater activation of the left superior temporal gyrus in response to unfiltered emotional prosody. In both passive experiments, the patient groups activated different lateral temporal lobe regions.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may display some left-lateralisation of the normal right-lateralised temporal lobe response to emotional prosody.

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Bishop, Dorothy V. M., and Timothy C. Bates. "Negligible heritability of language laterality assessed by functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a twin study." Wellcome Open Research 4 (October 28, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15524.1.

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Background: It is widely assumed that individual differences in language lateralisation have a strong genetic basis, yet prior studies show low heritability (around 0.25) for the related trait of handedness, and two twin studies of structural brain asymmetry obtained similarly low estimates. This report describes heritability estimates from a twin study of language laterality and handedness phenotypes. Methods: The total sample consisted of 194 twin pairs (49% monozygotic) aged from 6 to 11 years. A language laterality index was obtained for 141 twin pairs, who completed a protocol where relative blood flow through left and right middle cerebral arteries was measured using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) while the child described animation sequences. Handedness data was available from the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and Quantification of Hand Preference (QHP) for all 194 pairs. Heritability was assessed using conventional structural equation modeling, assuming no effect of shared environment (AE model). Results: For the two handedness measures, heritability estimates were consistent with prior research: 0.23 and 0.22 respectively for the EHI and QHP. For the language laterality index, however, the twin-cotwin correlations were very close to zero for both MZ and DZ twins, and the heritability estimate was zero. Conclusions: A single study showing negligible heritability for language laterality cannot rule out a genetic effect on language lateralisation. It is possible that the low twin-cotwin correlations were affected by noisy data: although the split-half reliability of the fTCD-based laterality index was high (0.85), we did not have information on test-retest reliability in children, which is likely to be lower. We cannot rule out the possibility that true heritability of differences in language lateralization is non-zero, but results indicate that the heritability of this trait is low at best. Stochastic variation in neurodevelopment appears to play a major role in determining cerebral lateralisation.

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Nir, Tommer, Reut Raizman, Inbar Meningher, Yael Jacob, Kuang-Han Huang, Arthur E. Schwartz, Jess W. Brallier, et al. "Lateralisation of subcortical functional connectivity during and after general anaesthesia." British Journal of Anaesthesia 128, no. 1 (January 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.033.

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Møller, Per, Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen, and Magni Martens. "Functional lateralisation in human olfactory cortex: pleasant and unpleasant odours?" NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92254-2.

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Shaw, Siobhán R., Hashim El-Omar, Siddharth Ramanan, Olivier Piguet, Rebekah M. Ahmed, Alexis E. Whitton, and Muireann Irish. "Anhedonia in Semantic Dementia—Exploring Right Hemispheric Contributions to the Loss of Pleasure." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080998.

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Semantic dementia (SD) is a younger-onset neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of the semantic knowledge base in the context of predominantly left-lateralised anterior temporal lobe (ATL) atrophy. Mounting evidence indicates the emergence of florid socioemotional changes in SD as atrophy encroaches into right temporal regions. How lateralisation of temporal lobe pathology impacts the hedonic experience in SD remains largely unknown yet has important implications for understanding socioemotional and functional impairments in this syndrome. Here, we explored how lateralisation of temporal lobe atrophy impacts anhedonia severity on the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale in 28 SD patients presenting with variable right- (SD-R) and left-predominant (SD-L) profiles of temporal lobe atrophy compared to that of 30 participants with Alzheimer’s disease and 30 healthy older Control participants. Relative to Controls, SD-R but not SD-L or Alzheimer’s patients showed clinically significant anhedonia, representing a clear departure from premorbid levels. Overall, anhedonia was more strongly associated with functional impairment on the Frontotemporal Dementia Functional Rating Scale and motivational changes on the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory in SD than in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that anhedonia severity correlated with reduced grey matter intensity in a restricted set of regions centred on right orbitofrontal and temporopolar cortices, bilateral posterior temporal cortices, as well as the anterior cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, bilaterally. Finally, regression and mediation analysis indicated a unique role for right temporal lobe structures in modulating anhedonia in SD. Our findings suggest that degeneration of predominantly right-hemisphere structures deleteriously impacts the capacity to experience pleasure in SD. These findings offer important insights into hemispheric lateralisation of motivational disturbances in dementia and suggest that anhedonia may emerge at different timescales in the SD disease trajectory depending on the integrity of the right hemisphere.

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Hausberger, Martine, Hugo Cousillas, Anaïke Meter, Genta Karino, Isabelle George, Alban Lemasson, and Catherine Blois-Heulin. "A Crucial Role of Attention in Lateralisation of Sound Processing?" Symmetry 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010048.

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Studies on auditory laterality have revealed asymmetries for processing, particularly species-specific signals, in vertebrates and that each hemisphere may process different features according to their functional “value”. Processing of novel, intense emotion-inducing or finer individual features may require attention and we hypothesised that the “functional pertinence” of the stimuli may be modulating attentional processes and hence lateralisation of sound processing. Behavioural measures in “(food) distracted” captive Campbell’s monkeys and electrophysiological recordings in anesthetised (versus awake) European starlings were performed during the broadcast of auditory stimuli with different functional “saliences” (e.g., familiar/novel). In Campbell’s monkeys, only novel sounds elicited lateralised responses, with a right hemisphere preference. Unfamiliar sounds elicited more head movements, reflecting enhanced attention, whereas familiar (usual in the home environment) sounds elicited few responses, and thus might not be arousing enough to stimulate attention. In starlings, in field L, when awake, individual identity was processed more in the right hemisphere, whereas, when anaesthetised, the left hemisphere was more involved in processing potentially socially meaningless sounds. These results suggest that the attention-getting property of stimuli may be an adapted concept for explaining hemispheric auditory specialisation. An attention-based model may reconcile the different existing hypotheses of a Right Hemisphere-arousal/intensity or individual based lateralisation.

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Esgate, Anthony, and Maria Flynn. "The Brain-Sex Theory of Occupational Choice: A Counterexample." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 1 (February 2005): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.1.25-37.

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The brain-sex theory of occupational choice suggests that males and females in male-typical careers show a male pattern of cognitive ability in terms of better spatial than verbal performance on cognitive tests with the reverse pattern for females and males in female-typical careers. These differences are thought to result from patterns of cerebral functional lateralisation. This study sought such occupationally related effects using synonym generation (verbal ability) and mental rotation (spatial ability) tasks used previously. It also used entrants to these careers as participants to examine whether patterns of cognitive abilities might predate explicit training and practice. Using a population of entrants to sex-differentiated university courses, a moderate occupational effect on the synonym generation task was found, along with a weak ( p<.10) sex effect on the mental rotation task. Highest performance on the mental rotation task was by female students in fashion design, a female-dominated occupation which makes substantial visuospatial demands and attracts many students with literacy problems such as dyslexia. This group then appears to be a counterexample to the brain-sex theory. However, methodological issues surrounding previous studies are highlighted: the simple synonym task appears to show limited discrimination of the sexes, leading to questions concerning the legitimacy of inferences about lateralisation based on scores from that test. Moreover, the human figure-based mental rotation task appears to tap the wrong aspect of visuospatial skill, likely to be needed for male-typical courses such as engineering. Since the fashion-design career is also one that attracts disproportionately many male students whose sexual orientation is homosexual, data were examined for evidence of female-typical patterns of cognitive performance among that subgroup. This was not found. This study therefore provides no evidence for the claim that female-pattern cerebral functional lateralisation is likely in gay males.

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Honey, G. D., W. Soni, E. T. Bullmore, M. Varatheesan, S. C. R. Williams, C. Andrew, and T. Sharma. "Evidence of abnormal lateralisation of motor systems in schizophrenia using functional MRI." Schizophrenia Research 29, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)88471-x.

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Hodgson, Jessica C., and John M. Hudson. "Measurement reliability of atypical language lateralisation assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound." Biological Psychology 125 (April 2017): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.03.008.

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Milenkovic, Sanja, Goran Belojevic, and Radojka Kocijancic. "Aetiological factors in left-handedness." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 133, no. 11-12 (2005): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0512532m.

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Lateralisation associates the extremities and senses of one side of the body, which are connected by afferent and efferent pathways, with the primary motor and sensory areas of the hemisphere on the opposite side. Dominant laterality denotes the appearance of a dominant extremity or sense in the performance of complex psychomotor activities. Laterality is manifested both as right-handedness or left-handedness, which are functionally equivalent and symmetrical in the performance of activities. Right-handedness is significantly more common than left-handedness. Genetic theory is most widely accepted in explaining the onset of lateralisation. According to this theory, the models of brain organisation asymmetry (anatomical, functional, and biochemical) are strongly, genetically determined. However, the inability to clearly demonstrate the association between genetic factors and left-handedness has led researchers to investigate the effects of the environment on left-handedness. Of particular interest are the intrauterine environment and the factors influencing foetal development, of which hormones and ultrasound exposure are the most significant. It has been estimated that an extra five cases of nonright-handed lateralisation can be expected in every 100 males who were exposed to ultrasound in utero compared to those who were not. Socio-cultural pressure on left-handed individuals was much more severe in the past, which is confirmed by scientific findings that left-handedness is present in 13% of individuals in their twenties, while in less than 1% of individuals in their eighties.

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Huang, Yong, Jun-Qi Chen, Xin-Sheng Lai, Chun-Zhi Tang, Jun-Jun Yang, Hua Chen, Jun-Xian Wu, et al. "Lateralisation of Cerebral Response to Active Acupuncture in Patients with Unilateral Ischaemic Stroke: An Fmri Study." Acupuncture in Medicine 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010299.

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Objective Acupuncture is beneficial in treating stroke neuropsychiatric symptoms. The present study aimed to identify functional brain response to active acupuncture in patients with unilateral ischaemic stroke using functional MRI (fMRI). Methods A total of 10 patients aged 47–65 years with left hemispheric ischaemic stroke received single-session manual acupuncture at the TE5 point of the affected (right) forearm. A 6-min tactile control procedure in which an acupuncture needle tip was alternately touched and removed from the skin at the acupuncture point for 30 s each was performed first, followed by active acupuncture in a blocking paradigm consisting of six 30-s twist blocks of rotation interspersed between six 30-s blocks of rest. A whole brain scan was simultaneously conducted on a 3.0-T imager. Activated and deactivated brain regions during tactile stimulation and active acupuncture relative to rest were obtained via group analysis. Results Compared to tactile stimulation, needling with twist manipulation modulated many more widespread brain areas. All the brain areas activated and deactivated by active acupuncture relative to tactile stimulation were distributed in the primary sensorimotor and medial frontal cortex of the unaffected, but not the affected hemisphere. Conclusions Active acupuncture results in lateralisation of functional cerebral response to the contralateral unaffected hemisphere in patients with unilateral stroke. This lateralisation may represent an effect of acupuncture in enhancing a compensatory process by redistributing functions into the intact cortex, particularly in the unaffected hemisphere.

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Buchberger, Waltraud, Stefan Golaszewski, Wolfgang Buchberger, Stephan Felber, and Willibald Urban. "Assessment of complex linguistic functions and language lateralisation with functional magnetic resonance imaging." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91263-1.

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Wolynski, Barbara, Björn H. Schott, Martin Kanowski, and Michael B. Hoffmann. "Visuo-motor integration in humans: Cortical patterns of response lateralisation and functional connectivity." Neuropsychologia 47, no. 5 (April 2009): 1313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.027.

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Bishop, Dorothy V. M., and Timothy C. Bates. "Heritability of language laterality assessed by functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a twin study." Wellcome Open Research 4 (March 11, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15524.2.

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Background: Prior studies have estimated heritability of around 0.25 for the trait of handedness, with studies of structural brain asymmetry giving estimates in a similar or lower range. Little is known about heritability of functional language lateralization. This report describes heritability estimates using functional language laterality and handedness phenotypes in a twin sample previously reported by Wilson and Bishop (2018). Methods: The total sample consisted of 194 twin pairs (49% monozygotic) aged from 6 to 11 years. A language laterality index was obtained for 141 twin pairs, who completed a protocol where relative blood flow through left and right middle cerebral arteries was measured using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) while the child described animation sequences. Handedness data was available from the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and Quantification of Hand Preference (QHP) for all 194 pairs. Heritability was assessed using conventional structural equation modeling, assuming no effect of shared environment (AE model). Results: For the two handedness measures, heritability estimates were consistent with prior research: 0.23 and 0.22 respectively for the EHI and QHP. For the language laterality index, however, the twin-cotwin correlations were close to zero for both MZ and DZ twins, and the heritability estimate was zero. Conclusions: A single study cannot rule out a genetic effect on language lateralisation. It is possible that the low twin-cotwin correlations were affected by noisy data: although the split-half reliability of the fTCD-based laterality index was high (0.85), we did not have information on test-retest reliability in children, which is likely to be lower. We cannot reject the hypothesis that there is low but nonzero heritability for this trait, but our data suggest that individual variation in language lateralisation is predominantly due to stochastic variation in neurodevelopment.

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Bishop, Dorothy V. M., and Timothy C. Bates. "Heritability of language laterality assessed by functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a twin study." Wellcome Open Research 4 (September 16, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15524.3.

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Background: Prior studies have estimated heritability of around 0.25 for the trait of handedness, with studies of structural brain asymmetry giving estimates in a similar or lower range. Little is known about heritability of functional language lateralization. This report describes heritability estimates using functional language laterality and handedness phenotypes in a twin sample previously reported by Wilson and Bishop (2018). Methods: The total sample consisted of 194 twin pairs (49% monozygotic) aged from 6 to 11 years. A language laterality index was obtained for 141 twin pairs, who completed a protocol where relative blood flow through left and right middle cerebral arteries was measured using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) while the child described animation sequences. Handedness data was available from the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and Quantification of Hand Preference (QHP) for all 194 pairs. Heritability was assessed using conventional structural equation modeling, assuming no effect of shared environment (AE model). Results: For the two handedness measures, heritability estimates (95% CI) were consistent with prior research: .25 (.03 - .34) and .18 (0 – .31) respectively for the EHI and QHP. For the language laterality index, however, the twin-cotwin correlations were close to zero for both MZ and DZ twins, and the heritability estimate was zero (0 - .15). Conclusions: A single study cannot rule out a genetic effect on language lateralisation. It is possible that the low twin-cotwin correlations were affected by noisy data: although the split-half reliability of the fTCD-based laterality index was high (0.85), we did not have information on test-retest reliability in children, which is likely to be lower. We cannot reject the hypothesis that there is low but nonzero heritability for this trait, but our data suggest that individual variation in language lateralisation is predominantly due to stochastic variation in neurodevelopment.

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McManus, Chris. "Cerebral Polymorphisms for Lateralisation: Modelling the Genetic and Phenotypic Architectures of Multiple Functional Modules." Symmetry 14, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14040814.

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Recent fMRI and fTCD studies have found that functional modules for aspects of language, praxis, and visuo-spatial functioning, while typically left, left and right hemispheric respectively, frequently show atypical lateralisation. Studies with increasing numbers of modules and participants are finding increasing numbers of module combinations, which here are termed cerebral polymorphisms—qualitatively different lateral organisations of cognitive functions. Polymorphisms are more frequent in left-handers than right-handers, but it is far from the case that right-handers all show the lateral organisation of modules described in introductory textbooks. In computational terms, this paper extends the original, monogenic McManus DC (dextral-chance) model of handedness and language dominance to multiple functional modules, and to a polygenic DC model compatible with the molecular genetics of handedness, and with the biology of visceral asymmetries found in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Distributions of cerebral polymorphisms are calculated for families and twins, and consequences and implications of cerebral polymorphisms are explored for explaining aphasia due to cerebral damage, as well as possible talents and deficits arising from atypical inter- and intra-hemispheric modular connections. The model is set in the broader context of the testing of psychological theories, of issues of laterality measurement, of mutation-selection balance, and the evolution of brain and visceral asymmetries.

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Youell, Paula D., Richard G. Wise, Deborah E. Bentley, Mark R. Dickinson, Terence A. King, Irene Tracey, and Anthony K. P. Jones. "Lateralisation of nociceptive processing in the human brain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study." NeuroImage 23, no. 3 (November 2004): 1068–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.004.

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Roje-Bedeković, Marina, Arijana Lovrenčić-Huzjan, Marijana Bosnar-Puretić, Vesna Šerić, and Vida Demarin. "Hemispheric Asymmetry of Visual Cortical Response by Means of Functional Transcranial Doppler." Stroke Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/615406.

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We assessed the visual evoked response and investigated side-to-side differences in mean blood flow velocities (MBFVs) by means of functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) in 49 right-handed patients with severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and 30 healthy volunteers, simultaneously in both posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) using 2 MHz probes, successively in the dark and during the white light stimulation. Statistically significant correlation (P=0.001) was shown in healthy and in patients (P<0.05) between MBFV in right PCA in physiological conditions and MBFV in right PCA during the white light stimulation and in the dark. The correlation between MBVF in right PCA and contralateral left PCA was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The correlation between ipsilateral left PCA was significantly higher than the one with contralateral right PCA (P<0.05). There is a clear trend towards the lateralisation of the visual evoked response in the right PCA.

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Bourne, Victoria J., and Dawn L. Gray. "Hormone exposure and functional lateralisation: Examining the contributions of prenatal and later life hormonal exposure." Psychoneuroendocrinology 34, no. 8 (September 2009): 1214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.03.010.

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Youell, Paula D., Richard Wise, Mohamed El-Badry, Terence A. King, Mark R. Dickinson, Irene Tracey, and Anthony K. P. Jones. "A functional magnetic resonance imaging study into lateralisation of nociceptive processing in the human brain." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92353-5.

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Kosteniuk, E., J. C. Lau, and J. F. Megyesi. "PC3 - 191 Assessment of Preoperative Functional MRI Measurement of Language Lateralisation in Brain Tumour Patients." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S4 (October 2016): S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.387.

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This study aims to evaluate reliability of clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in identifying language lateralisation index (LI), verified with Edinburgh handedness inventory (EHI), in brain tumour patients. Methods In this retrospective study, 31 of a single surgeon’s brain tumour patients over a 12 year period have been selected. Lesion type varied, 12 (39 percent) were high grade gliomas, 10 (32 percent) low grade gliomas, 3 (10 percent) meningiomas, and 6 (19 percent) other types. Patients underwent language fMRI paradigms for preoperative assessment, and a neuroimaging analyst was able to identify an LI value for at least one Brodmann area (BA). For each paradigm, a neuroimaging analyst attempted to calculate LI for Wernicke’s area (BA 22) and Broca’s area (BA 44 and 45). Results Of 113 total LI values, 66 (58 percent) were concordant to EHI-predicted hemispheric dominance. Reliability of language LI appears dependent upon the type of language task performed. Verb generation correctly identified Broca’s area in 18 patients (64 percent) and Wernicke’s area in 11 patients (61 percent), sentence completion correctly identified Broca’s area in 18 patients (72 percent) and Wernicke’s area in 9 patients (60 percent), and naming correctly identified Broca’s area in 7 patients (47 percent) and Wernicke’s area in 3 patients (27 percent). Conclusions Results show limited correlation between language LI determined by fMRI and EHI. The main limitation of this study is that language LI is being compared to EHI, rather than gold standard measure of hemispheric dominance (e.g. Wada).

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Badcock, Nicholas A., Abigail Nye, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to assess language lateralisation: Influence of task and difficulty level." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 17, no. 6 (November 2012): 694–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2011.615128.

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Illingworth, Sarah, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Atypical cerebral lateralisation in adults with compensated developmental dyslexia demonstrated using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound." Brain and Language 111, no. 1 (October 2009): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2009.05.002.

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McManus, Chris. "Half a century of handedness research: Myths, truths; fictions, facts; backwards, but mostly forwards." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 3 (January 2019): 239821281882051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818820513.

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Although most people are right-handed and have language in their left cerebral hemisphere, why that is so, and in particular why about ten per cent of people are left-handed, is far from clear. Multiple theories have been proposed, often with little in the way of empirical support, and sometimes indeed with strong evidence against them, and yet despite that have become modern urban myths, probably due to the symbolic power of right and left. One thinks in particular of ideas of being right-brained or left-brained, of suggestions that left-handedness is due to perinatal brain damage, of claims that left-handers die seven years earlier than right-handers, and of the unfalsifiable ramifications of the byzantine Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda theory. This article looks back over the past fifty years of research on brain asymmetries, exploring the different themes and approaches, sometimes in relation to the author’s own work. Taking all of the work together it is probable that cerebral asymmetries are under genetic control, probably with multiple genetic loci, only a few of which are now beginning to be found thanks to very large databases that are becoming available. Other progress is also seen in proper meta-analyses, the use of fMRI for studying multiple functional lateralisations in large number of individuals, fetal ultra-sound for assessing handedness before birth, and fascinating studies of lateralisation in an ever widening range of animal species. With luck the next fifty years will make more progress and show fewer false directions than had much of the work in the previous fifty years.

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Bradshaw, Abigail R., Dorothy V. M. Bishop, and Zoe V. J. Woodhead. "Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review." PeerJ 5 (July 11, 2017): e3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3557.

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The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/hyvc4/.

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Payne, Heather, Eva Gutierrez-Sigut, Joanna Subik, Bencie Woll, and Mairéad MacSweeney. "Stimulus rate increases lateralisation in linguistic and non-linguistic tasks measured by functional transcranial Doppler sonography." Neuropsychologia 72 (June 2015): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.019.

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Smitha, KA, K. Akhil Raja, KM Arun, PG Rajesh, Bejoy Thomas, TR Kapilamoorthy, and Chandrasekharan Kesavadas. "Resting state fMRI: A review on methods in resting state connectivity analysis and resting state networks." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917697342.

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The inquisitiveness about what happens in the brain has been there since the beginning of humankind. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a prominent tool which helps in the non-invasive examination, localisation as well as lateralisation of brain functions such as language, memory, etc. In recent years, there is an apparent shift in the focus of neuroscience research to studies dealing with a brain at ‘resting state’. Here the spotlight is on the intrinsic activity within the brain, in the absence of any sensory or cognitive stimulus. The analyses of functional brain connectivity in the state of rest have revealed different resting state networks, which depict specific functions and varied spatial topology. However, different statistical methods have been introduced to study resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, yet producing consistent results. In this article, we introduce the concept of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in detail, then discuss three most widely used methods for analysis, describe a few of the resting state networks featuring the brain regions, associated cognitive functions and clinical applications of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. This review aims to highlight the utility and importance of studying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, underlining its complementary nature to the task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging.

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Maher, Christina, Arkiev D’Souza, Michael Barnett, Omid Kavehei, Chenyu Wang, and Armin Nikpour. "Structure-Function Coupling Reveals Seizure Onset Connectivity Patterns." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 10487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010487.

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The implications of combining structural and functional connectivity to quantify the most active brain regions in seizure onset remain unclear. This study tested a new model that may facilitate the incorporation of diffusion MRI (dMRI) in clinical practice. We obtained structural connectomes from dMRI and functional connectomes from electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether high structure-function coupling corresponded with the seizure onset region. We mapped individual electrodes to their nearest cortical region to allow for a one-to-one comparison between the structural and functional connectomes. A seizure laterality score and expected onset zone were defined. The patients with well-lateralised seizures revealed high structure-function coupling consistent with the seizure onset zone. However, a lower seizure lateralisation score translated to reduced alignment between the high structure-function coupling regions and the seizure onset zone. We illustrate that dMRI, in combination with EEG, can improve the identification of the seizure onset zone. Our model may be valuable in enhancing ultra-long-term monitoring by indicating optimal, individualised electrode placement.

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Rosch, Richard E., Dorothy V. M. Bishop, and Nicholas A. Badcock. "Lateralised visual attention is unrelated to language lateralisation, and not influenced by task difficulty – A functional transcranial Doppler study." Neuropsychologia 50, no. 5 (April 2012): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.015.

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Veréb, Dániel, Márton Attila Kovács, Krisztián Kocsis, Eszter Tóth, Bence Bozsik, András Király, Bálint Kincses, et al. "Functional Connectivity Lateralisation Shift of Resting State Networks is Linked to Visuospatial Memory and White Matter Microstructure in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis." Brain Topography 35, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-021-00881-x.

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AbstractLaterality patterns of resting state networks (RSN) change in various neuropsychiatric conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes neuro-cognitive symptoms involving dysfunctional large-scale brain networks. Yet, whether healthy laterality patterns of RSNs are maintained in MS and whether altered laterality patterns explain disease symptoms has not been explicitly investigated. We analysed functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data from 24 relapsing–remitting MS patients and 25 healthy participants. We performed group-level independent component analysis and used dual regression to estimate individual versions of well-established RSNs. Voxelwise laterality indices were calculated for each RSN. Group differences were assessed via a general linear model-based approach. The relationship between functional laterality and white matter microstructural asymmetry was assessed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Spearman’s correlation was calculated between laterality indices and Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis scores. Functional laterality of the dorsal attention network showed a significant leftward shift in the MS group in the posterior intraparietal sulcus (p < 0.033). Default-mode network laterality showed a significant leftward shift in the MS group in the angular gyrus (p < 0.005). Diminished dorsal attention network laterality was associated with increased fractional anisotropy asymmetry in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (p < 0.02). In the default-mode network, leftward laterality of the angular gyrus was associated with higher BVMT-R scores (R = − 0.52, p < 0.023). Our results confirm previous descriptions of RSN dysfunction in relapsing–remitting MS and show that altered functional connectivity lateralisation patterns of RSNs might contibute to cognitive performance and structural remodellation even in patients with mild clinical symptoms.

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Schröder, J., F. Wenz, L. R. Schad, K. Baudendistel, and M. V. Knopp. "Sensorimotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area Changes in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 2 (August 1995): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.2.197.

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BackgroundNeurological soft signs (NSS) such as a disturbed finger-to-thumb opposition are frequently found in schizophrenia. To identify the underlying cerebral changes we investigated sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA) activation during finger-to-thumb opposition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodTen DSM–III–R schizophrenics and seven healthy controls were included. All subjects were right-handed. fMRI was carried out in a resting condition followed by an activation state (finger-to-thumb opposition) and the activities in the sensorimotor cortices and SMA recorded.ResultsAll subjects showed a significant activation of the SMA and both ipsilateral and contralateral sensorimotor cortices. In the controls, ipsilateral finger-to-thumb opposition was associated with a greater left than right hemispheric sensorimotor cortex coactivation. When compared with the healthy controls, the schizophrenic patients showed a decreased activation of both sensorimotor cortices and SMA, as well as a reversed lateralisation effect.ConclusionSensorimotor cortex and SMA dysfunction are associated with motor disturbances in schizophrenia.

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Intharakham, Kannakorn, Ronney B. Panerai, and Thompson G. Robinson. "The scalability of common paradigms for assessment of cognitive function: A functional transcranial Doppler study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): e0266048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266048.

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Cognitive paradigms induce changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) associated with increased metabolic demand, namely neurovascular coupling (NVC). We tested the hypothesis that the effect of complexity and duration of cognitive paradigms will either enhance or inhibit the NVC response. Bilateral CBF velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) via transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) of 16 healthy participants (aged 21–71 years) were simultaneously recorded at rest and during randomized paradigms of different complexities (naming words beginning with P-,R-,V- words and serial subtractions of 100–2,100–7,1000–17), and durations (5s, 30s and 60s). CBFV responses were population mean normalized from a 30-s baseline period prior to task initiation. A significant increase in bilateral CBFV response was observed at the start of all paradigms and provided a similar pattern in most responses, irrespective of complexity or duration. Although significant inter-hemispherical differences were found during performance of R-word and all serial subtraction paradigms, no lateralisation was observed in more complex naming word tasks. Also, the effect of duration was manifested at late stages of 100–7, but not for other paradigms. CBFV responses could not distinguish different levels of complexity or duration with a single presentation of the cognitive paradigm. Further studies of the ordinal scalability of the NVC response are needed with more advanced modelling techniques, or different types of neural stimulation.

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MOEN, I. "Functional lateralisation of pitch accents and intonation in Norwegian: Monrad-Krohn's study of an aphasic patient with altered ?melody of speech?" Brain and Language 41, no. 4 (November 1991): 538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-934x(91)90173-x.

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Haase, Albrecht, Elisa Rigosi, Elisa Frasnelli, Federica Trona, Francesco Tessarolo, Claudio Vinegoni, Gianfranco Anfora, Giorgio Vallortigara, and Renzo Antolini. "A multimodal approach for tracing lateralisation along the olfactory pathway in the honeybee through electrophysiological recordings, morpho-functional imaging, and behavioural studies." European Biophysics Journal 40, no. 11 (September 29, 2011): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-011-0748-6.

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Kalmady, Sunil Vasu, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Venkataram Shivakumar, Dania Jose, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, and Y. C. Janardhan Reddy. "Revisiting Geschwind's hypothesis on brain lateralisation: A functional MRI study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex interaction effects on spatial working memory." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 18, no. 5 (March 4, 2013): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2012.744414.

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Madattigowda, R., and S. Vempaty. "A combination of mental nerve lateralisation, segmental mandibular alveolar bone advancement osteotomy, bone grafting, implants placement and restoration to improve facial aesthetics and functional satisfaction." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46 (March 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.347.

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Pidani, Anum Sadruddin, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Iqbal Azam, Muhammad Shahzad shamim, Adnan Abdul Jabbar, and Shameel Khan. "Depression among adult patients with primary brain tumour: a cross-sectional study of risk factors in a low–middle-income country." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e032748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032748.

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ObjectiveThe prevalence of depression among patients with primary brain tumour ranges from 15% to 40% globally. Several individual and clinical factors contribute to the development of depression. However, their association with depression in Pakistani setting has not yet been assessed. Thus, we aim to study the factors associated with depression among adult patients with primary brain tumour at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.Study designA prospective cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan.ParticipantsThis study included 132 patients with confirmed diagnosis of primary brain tumour (initially diagnosed on MRI of the brain with contrast and later confirmed on histology of surgical specimen) in various stages of treatment.Primary outcomeThe primary outcome of this study was to assess depression and its associated factors among adult patients with primary brain tumour. Depression was assessed using a validated screening tool Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Scores of 10–27 on PHQ-9 were indicative of screen positive for depressive symptoms. A set of the structured pre-tested questions was used to evaluate patient-related, tumor-related and treatment-related factors.ResultsFifty-one (39%, CI: 33.33–46.94) patients in our study screened positive for depressive symptoms on PHQ-9. There was a significant association between depressive symptoms and Karnofsky Performance Scores (KPS) (prevalence ratio: 3.25 and CI: 1.87–5.62) after controlling covariates. Propensity scores predicted a positive association between KPS (functional status) and unemployment, treatment stage, and tumour recurrence. Tumor-related and treatment-related factors including tumour grade, location, type and hemispheric lateralisation were found insignificant.ConclusionDepression is common in patients with primary brain tumour. Impaired functional status has a direct impact on depression in these patients. Incorporating the psychosocial domain earlier in the course of treatment needs to be considered for better neuro-oncology management of patients with primary brain tumour.

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Murphy, Jack, and Sean Arkins. "Laterality and visuo-spatial ability in the equine: Functional measures of sport horse selection?" BSAP Occasional Publication 35 (2006): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00042646.

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AbstractLaterality in any organism or species can be manifest as morphological, sensory and functional degrees of asymmetry such as hemispheric dominance, handedness or sidedness and other motor functional behaviours and as such is equally important in equitation. The influence of the horses’ sex on both the direction and the degree of the laterality was explored within and between 4 experimental procedures in the 1st study. The findings showed that the direction, but not the degree of idiosyncratic motor preference in the horses was strongly sex-related. Male horses exhibited significantly more left lateralized responses and female horses exhibited significantly more right lateralized responses. Visuo-spatial ability is also likely to be important in the performance horse. In many species, moderate to large differences in visuo-spatial ability have been reported between the sexes, with superior visuo-spatial ability being reported in males of all species investigated to date. As no known studies had addressed visuo-spatial ability in the equine, the objective of the 2nd study, was to determine if visuo-spatial ability differed between male and female horses. The results produced the first behavioural demonstration of superior visuo-spatial ability in male horses, similar to that reported in other species. There is evidence to suggest that visuospatial ability and motor laterality are associated with cerebral hemispheric asymmetry and may be intrinsically linked. Brain development and laterality have also been associated with hair patterning, and, in a 3rd study we attempted to identify predictors of lateral bias in motor behaviour in horses. We investigated the relationship between the direction of facial hair whorl rotation and the incidence/direction of laterality in the horse. The findings suggest that direction of facial hair whorl rotation may be a useful indicator of lateralised motor behavioural preferences in the horse. We then attempted to establish if laterality was evident at birth in a 4th study, where we explored if neonatal foals exhibited lateralised patterns during and immediately post the birthing process that were correlated with their facial hair whorl patterns. The results showed a significant association between the sex of the foal and the choice of foreleg presented initially during 2nd stage parturition. Significantly more colt foals led with the left foreleg and significantly more filly foals led with the right foreleg than expected purely by random and the behaviour was correlated with facial hair whorl patterns. The findings also suggest that lateralisation in the horse is determined in utero as has also been shown in humans. Comparisons of wholly intact male and female horses are warranted as they might elucidate additional linkages between motor behaviour, visuo-spatial ability and brain organisation and development in the horse. Further research in this area could lead to more appropriate competition conditions (better fence design/construction on cross-country tracks) and so eliminate unnecessary levels of risk associated with many equestrian sports.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional lateralisation'

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