Academic literature on the topic 'Functional lateralisation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Functional lateralisation"
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Arun, KM, KA Smitha, PG Rajesh, and Chandrasekharan Kesavadas. "Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is in moderate accordance with functional MRI in determining lateralisation of frontal language areas." Neuroradiology Journal 31, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917739083.
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Purpose Understanding language dominance is crucial in pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy and in patients having a tumour close to the language area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are well established in evaluating language dominance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical imaging modality that offers a convenient and affordable technique to image language-related cortical areas. This study investigates the agreement between results from task-based fMRI and fNIRS in determining language lateralisation. Methods Language laterality indices LIs were calculated from both fMRI and fNIRS measurements of the same individual volunteers by using an identical paradigm. Statistical measures of percentage agreement and kappa value have been calculated for testing agreement and reliability. Results A correlation analysis of the LI values shows a good correlation with r = 0.677 at p < 0.05. Statistical comparison of both fMRI and fNIRS methods for language lateralisation yielded a percentage agreement of 90% and a moderate kappa value of κ = 0.621. Conclusion Our study suggests that fNIRS is in moderate accordance with fMRI in determining lateralisation of the frontal language areas. It implies that the optical imaging technique can provide additional information on functional lateralisation of frontal language areas.
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Woodhead, Zoe V. J., Holly A. Rutherford, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks." Wellcome Open Research 3 (February 11, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.3.
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Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Woodhead, Zoe V. J., Holly A. Rutherford, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks." Wellcome Open Research 3 (August 24, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.1.
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Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Woodhead, Zoe V. J., Holly A. Rutherford, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks." Wellcome Open Research 3 (October 15, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.2.
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Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Sommer, Iris E. C., Nick F. Ramsey, René C. W. Mandl, Clarine J. Van Oel, and René S. Kahn. "Language activation in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 2 (February 2004): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.2.128.
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BackgroundIn previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, participants with schizophrenia showed decreased language lateralisation, resulting from increased activation of the right hemisphere compared with controls.AimTo determine whether decreased lateralisation and increased right cerebral language activation constitute genetic predispositions for schizophrenia.MethodLanguage activation was measured using fMRI in 12 right-handed monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 12 healthy right-handed monozygotic twin pairs who were matched for gender, age and education.ResultsLanguage lateralisation was decreased in discordant twin pairs compared with the healthy twin pairs. The groups did not differ in activation of the language-related areas of the left hemisphere, but language-related activation in the right hemisphere was significantly higher in the discordant twin pairs than in the healthy pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, language lateralisation was not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and their co-twins.ConclusionsDecreased language lateralisation may constitute a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.
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Silva, Guilherme, and Alberto Citterio. "Hemispheric asymmetries in dorsal language pathway white-matter tracts: A magnetic resonance imaging tractography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 5 (July 12, 2017): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917720829.
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Introduction Previous studies have shown that the arcuate fasciculus has a leftward asymmetry in right-handers that could be correlated with the language lateralisation defined by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nonetheless, information about the asymmetry of the other fibres that constitute the dorsal language pathway is scarce. Objectives This study investigated the asymmetry of the white-matter tracts involved in the dorsal language pathway through the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique, in relation to language hemispheric dominance determined by task-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods We selected 11 patients (10 right-handed) who had been studied with task-dependent fMRI for language areas and DTI and who had no language impairment or structural abnormalities that could compromise magnetic resonance tractography of the fibres involved in the dorsal language pathway. Laterality indices (LI) for fMRI and for the volumes of each tract were calculated. Results In fMRI, all the right-handers had left hemispheric lateralisation, and the ambidextrous subject presented right hemispheric dominance. The arcuate fasciculus LI was strongly correlated with fMRI LI ( r = 0.739, p = 0.009), presenting the same lateralisation of fMRI in seven subjects (including the right hemispheric dominant). It was not asymmetric in three cases and had opposite lateralisation in one case. The other tracts presented predominance for rightward lateralisation, especially superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II/III (nine subjects), but their LI did not correlate (directly or inversely) with fMRI LI. Conclusion The fibres that constitute the dorsal language pathway have an asymmetric distribution in the cerebral hemispheres. Only the asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus is correlated with fMRI language lateralisation.
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Wilson, Alexander C., and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Resounding failure to replicate links between developmental language disorder and cerebral lateralisation." PeerJ 6 (January 8, 2018): e4217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4217.
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Background It has been suggested that failure to establish cerebral lateralisation may be related to developmental language disorder (DLD). There has been weak support for any link with handedness, but more consistent reports of associations with functional brain lateralisation for language. The consistency of lateralisation across different functions may also be important. We aimed to replicate previous findings of an association between DLD and reduced laterality on a quantitative measure of hand preference (reaching across the midline) and on language laterality assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD). Methods From a sample of twin children aged from 6;0 to 11;11 years, we identified 107 cases of DLD and 156 typically-developing comparison cases for whom we had useable data from fTCD yielding a laterality index (LI) for language function during an animation description task. Handedness data were also available for these children. Results Indices of handedness and language laterality for this twin sample were similar to those previously reported for single-born children. There were no differences between the DLD and TD groups on measures of handedness or language lateralisation, or on a categorical measure of consistency of left hemisphere dominance. Contrary to prediction, there was a greater incidence of right lateralisation for language in the TD group (19.90%) than the DLD group (9.30%), confirming that atypical laterality is not inconsistent with typical language development. We also failed to replicate associations between language laterality and language test scores. Discussion and Conclusions Given the large sample studied here and the range of measures, we suggest that previous reports of atypical manual or language lateralisation in DLD may have been false positives.
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Serrien, Deborah J., and Michiel M. Sovijärvi-Spapé. "Manual dexterity: Functional lateralisation patterns and motor efficiency." Brain and Cognition 108 (October 2016): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.07.005.
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Mahaseth, R. K., U. Gurung, and B. Pradhan. "Conchopexy Suture versus Bolgerization in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation following FESS." Rhinology Online 4, no. 4 (August 23, 2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhinol/21.020.
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Background: Middle turbinate lateralisation is the most common minor post-operative complication following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study aimed to compare the outcome between Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization method in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Methodology: This was a prospective, comparative and interventional study conducted from May 2018 to November 2019 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 68 patients were divided equally into two groups. Following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the middle turbinate was medialised either by Conchopexy suture or Bolgerization technique. Postoperative assessment was done on the second and 12th week of surgery, where the position of the middle turbinate and status of the sinus cavity were assessed using perioperative sinus endoscopic (POSE) score. Chi-square test and unpaired t test were used for comparison of postoperative results between two groups taking p value of < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Lateralised middle turbinate and mean POSE score was 5/34 (14.8%) and 2.1±1.25, respectively, in Conchopexy group whilst in Bolgerization group it was 6/34 (17.6%) and 2.5±1.46. However, the observed differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization techniques were equally effective in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Hence, either of these techniques could be used as an adjunct to FESS to avoid middle turbinate lateralisation.
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Bishop, Dorothy V. M., Clara R. Grabitz, Sophie C. Harte, Kate E. Watkins, Miho Sasaki, Eva Gutierrez-Sigut, Mairéad MacSweeney, Zoe V. J. Woodhead, and Heather Payne. "Cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages in bilinguals assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound." Wellcome Open Research 1 (July 28, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9869.2.
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Background: Lateralised language processing is a well-established finding in monolinguals. In bilinguals, studies using fMRI have typically found substantial regional overlap between the two languages, though results may be influenced by factors such as proficiency, age of acquisition and exposure to the second language. Few studies have focused specifically on individual differences in brain lateralisation, and those that have suggested reduced lateralisation may characterise representation of the second language (L2) in some bilingual individuals. Methods: In Study 1, we used functional transcranial Doppler sonography (FTCD) to measure cerebral lateralisation in both languages in high proficiency bilinguals who varied in age of acquisition (AoA) of L2. They had German (N = 14) or French (N = 10) as their first language (L1) and English as their second language. FTCD was used to measure task-dependent blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries during phonological word generation cued by single letters. Language history measures and handedness were assessed through self-report. Study 2 followed a similar format with 25 Japanese (L1) /English (L2) bilinguals, with proficiency in their second language ranging from basic to advanced, using phonological and semantic word generation tasks with overt speech production. Results: In Study 1, participants were significantly left lateralised for both L1 and L2, with a high correlation (r = .70) in the size of laterality indices for L1 and L2. In Study 2, again there was good agreement between LIs for the two languages (r = .77 for both word generation tasks). There was no evidence in either study of an effect of age of acquisition, though the sample sizes were too small to detect any but large effects. Conclusion: In proficient bilinguals, there is strong concordance for cerebral lateralisation of first and second language as assessed by a verbal fluency task.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functional lateralisation"
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Payne, H. M. "Assessing language lateralisation using functional transcranial Doppler sonography." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044714/.
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This thesis uses functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to investigate hemispheric asymmetries in brain activity during language processing. FTCD is a simple method that provides a measure of relative lateralisation. Given its portability and tolerance for movement, it allows physiological activity and behaviour to be measured simultaneously in understudied paediatric populations. The fi rst half of the thesis describes three methodologically motivated studies with adults. The results indicated that the strength of lateralisation is affected by experimental manipulations of task and stimuli. A particularly influential factor was the intensity of phonological lexical search required. There was also an effect of stimulus pace, suggesting that difficulty or effort may also play a role in driving the strength of lateralisation. The second half of the thesis provides the main theoretical contributions to the literature in three developmental studies. The fi rst of these found no evidence of increases in the strength of lateralisation between the ages of three-and-a-half years and four-and-a-half years. The second study found typical left-lateralisation during language production in a heterogeneous group of children born deaf. This study provides preliminary evidence that auditory input is not a contributory factor to the development of language lateralisation. The final study used a paced picture naming task with children. Concordance was measured between fTCD during this novel task and an established narrative task. The data also suggested that LIs measured by fTCD are most likely to relate to offine measures when the tasks share cognitive or linguistic demands. In summary, this thesis contributes to a growing body of research demonstrating that fTCD is a useful tool to investigate hemispheric lateralisation. It is of particular use with those populations for whom other neuroimaging modalities are not suitable. It is often these groups of participants who can offer unique insights into language processing and the underlying neural systems.
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Kornisch, Myriam. "Estimates of functional cerebral hemispheric differences in monolingual and bilingual people who stutter." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10739.
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Purpose: The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between stuttering and bilingualism to hemispheric asymmetry for the processing and production of language.
Methods: A total of 80 native speakers of German were recruited for the study, ranging in age from 15 to 58 years. Out of those 80 participants, 40 participants were also proficient speakers of English as a second language (L2). The participants were organised into four speaker groups (20 per group) according to language ability and speech status, consisting of monolinguals who stutter (MWS), monolinguals who do not stutter (MWNS), bilinguals who stutter (BWS), and bilinguals who do not stutter (BWNS). Each of the four groups comprised 12 males and 8 females. All participants completed a battery of behavioural assessments measuring functional cerebral hemispheric asymmetry during language processing and production. The behavioural tests included (1) a dichotic listening paradigm, (2) a visual hemifield paradigm, and (3) a dual-task paradigm.
Results: Overall, the results showed no significant differences in language lateralisation between participant groups on the three behavioural tests. However group differences were identified in regard to executive functions on the visual hemifield and dual-task paradigms. Both bilingual groups showed significantly faster reaction times and fewer errors than the two monolingual groups on the visual hemifield paradigm. The bilingual groups also performed similarly on the dual-task paradigm, while the MWS group tended to show greater task disruption. No meaningful relationship was found between stuttering severity and the majority of results obtained for the test conditions. However, all four language modalities were found to correlate significantly with results obtained for the visual hemifield and dual-task paradigms, suggesting that performance on these tests increased with higher L2 proficiency.
Conclusion: Although no differences in language lateralisation were found, it appears that bilingualism had a greater influence on functional cerebral hemispheric processing than stuttering. A prevailing finding was that bilingualism seems to be able to offset deficits in executive functioning associated with stuttering. Brain reserve and cognitive reserve are thought to have a close interrelationship with the executive control system. Cognitive reserve may have been reflected in the present study, resulting in a bilingual cognitive advantage. Hence, the results of the present study lend support to previous findings implicating the benefits of bilingualism.
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Cherbuin, Nicolas, and n. cherbuin@anu edu au. "Hemispheric interaction: when and why is yours better than mine?" The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060317.135525.
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The performance of most tasks requires some interaction between the cerebral hemispheres. Despite this fact, research has focused on demonstrating that each hemisphere is specialised for certain processes and has largely neglected this interaction.
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Recent research has recognised the need for a better understanding of how resources are shared between the cerebral hemispheres. While these studies have shed light on factors external to the participants being tested, such as the type of task and stimuli used, presentation times, and different measurement methods, they have neglected variables that differ between individuals. The studies reported here focused on factors internal to the participants. They include sex, age, handedness, functional lateralisation, practice, attention, and hemispheric activation, which vary between individuals or within individuals across time, and have been shown to influence the structure and morphology of the corpus callosum which is the main pathway for hemispheric interactions.
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This thesis examines the relationship of these variables to the efficiency of hemispheric interactions.
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A literature review of the factors affecting hemispheric interactions and interhemispheric transfer is presented in Chapter 1, and methodological issues relating to the measurement of these variables in Chapter 2. Based upon this research, two tasks, the Poffenberger paradigm and a letter-matching task, were selected to assess interhemispheric transfer time and hemispheric interactions, respectively, and to investigate the relationship between these two variables.
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Chapters 3 and 4 present the findings of the principal study, using a large sample of participants and regression analysis, which demonstrate that both faster interhemispheric transfer and more extreme left-handedness are associated with greater efficiency of hemispheric interaction. Surprisingly, other factors which were expected to influence hemispheric interactions (age, sex, functional lateralisation, and attention) did not have a significant effect on this variable.
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A strong practice effect found in the task used in Chapters 3 and 4 is analysed in Chapter 5. Contrary to previous findings, this practice effect seems not to be due to a shift from sequential, rule-based processing to memory-retrieval, but rather, is a more general practice effect consistent with progressively more efficient use of neural resources.
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Chapter 6 shows that individuals with dyslexia not only demonstrate an abnormally fast interhemispheric transfer, but also attentional deficits, due probably to decreased efficiency in hemispheric interactions. Because some clinical populations, such as individuals with dyslexia, have been shown to have hemispheric interaction deficits, the study of such clinical samples can provide valuable information about the relationship between hemispheric interactions and other individual variables.
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In Chapter 7 it is demonstrated that both latent and induced patterns of lateralised hemispheric activation affect hemispheric interactions. This suggests that assessment of hemispheric activation is important not only in this field, but probably also more generally in neuropsychological research. These findings highlight the need for a simple, inexpensive measure of hemispheric activation that can be applied routinely in cognitive experiments.
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Chapter 8 presents a new technique to measure lateralised brain activation in typical psychological experiments using functional tympanic membrane thermometry (fTMT). This measure relies on the measurement of ear membrane temperature as an index of hemispheric activation. The technique is simple and inexpensive, and is shown to be suitable for the assessment of hemispheric activation patterns during typical experiments.
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In conclusion, individual characteristics such as the efficiency of interhemispheric transfer, handedness, functional lateralisation, attention, and hemispheric activation are important factors to consider when researching hemispheric interactions in both normal and clinical populations. Furthermore, future research will benefit from this newly developed measure, fTMT, by allowing the systematic study of the effects of hemispheric activation in brain processes.
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van, Ettinger-Veenstra Helene. "Mind your Language, All Right? Performance-dependent neural patterns of language." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk radiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91053.
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The main aim of this dissertation was to investigate the difference in neural language patternsrelated to language ability in healthy adults. The focus lies on unraveling the contributions of theright‐hemispheric homologues to Broca’s area in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and Wernicke’s areain the posterior temporal and inferior parietal lobes. The functions of these regions are far from fullyunderstood at present. Two study populations consisting of healthy adults and a small group ofpeople with generalized epilepsy were investigated. Individual performance scores in tests oflanguage ability were correlated with brain activation obtained with functional magnetic resonanceimaging during semantic and word fluency tasks. Performance‐dependent differences were expectedin the left‐hemispheric Broca’s and Wernicke’s area and in their right‐hemispheric counterparts. PAPER I revealed a shift in laterality towards right‐hemispheric IFG and posterior temporal lobeactivation, related to high semantic performance. The whole‐brain analysis results of PAPER IIrevealed numerous candidate regions for language ability modulation. PAPER II also confirmed thefinding of PAPER I, by showing several performance‐dependent regions in the right‐hemispheric IFGand the posterior temporal lobe. In PAPER III, a new study population of healthy adults was tested.Again, the right posterior temporal lobe was related to high semantic performance. A decrease in lefthemisphericIFG activation could be linked to high word fluency ability. In addition, task difficultywas modulated. Increased task complexity showed to correlate positively with bilateral IFGactivation. Lastly, PAPER IV investigated anti‐correlated regions. These regions are commonly knownas the default mode network (DMN) and are normally suppressed during cognitive tasks. It wasfound that people with generalized epilepsy had an inadequate suppression of regions in the DMN,and showed poorer performance in a complex language test. The results point to neural adaptabilityin the IFG and temporal lobe. Decreased left‐lateralization of the IFG and increased rightlateralizationof the posterior temporal lobe are proposed as characteristics of individuals with highlanguage ability.
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Harpur, Timothy John. "Determining cerebral lateralisation : the use of the P300." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25418.
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The P300 component of the average evoked potential was recorded at Pz during two divided visual field tasks. During a lexical decision task, reaction time and P300 latency were faster to stimuli in the right visual field, indicating that the latency of the P300 may be a useful measure in laterality research. A right visual field advantage was obtained for reaction time in a face perception task and the P300 latency difference showed a similar but non-significant advantage. Use of the P300 latency to assess the validity of the assumptions underlying the application of an additive factors model to divided visual field studies of cerebral assymetry was discussed. The present evidence suggests that the assumptions are valid.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Wilson, Sarah Jane. "An exploration of the cerebral lateralisation of musical function /." Connect to thesis, 1996. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000647.
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Smallman, Richard. "Schizotypy and the association with brain function and structure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/schizotypy-and-the-association-with-brain-function-and-structure(c8f5a318-5a89-412d-b422-1eedb80e43f6).html.
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Introduction: Schizotypy is a personality trait that shares some of the characteristics of clinical disorders such as schizophrenia. Similarities are found in expression of psychotic-like experiences and presence of attenuated negative signs. Furthermore, schizotypal samples are associated with impairments in cognitive tasks, albeit in a less comprised form. For these reasons and others, schizotypy is considered a part of the extended-phenotype of schizophrenia and as such can be utilised as an analogue sample without some of theconfounds associated with illness. Objective: The aim of the PhD is to examine the relationship of schizotypal features and brain function and structure in a sample of adolescents and young adults (age 16-25 years). This will attempt to provide further evidence for the placement of schizotypy on the continuum, along with insights into pathophysiological mechanisms involved in schizophrenia and related disorders. Methods: The study involved three main phases: recruitment via an online survey, further neuropsychological testing and brain imaging on selected high schizotypes and controls. The thesis comprises 5 papers/experiments. Paper 1 utilises confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factorial structure of the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ) in a community sample aged 16-25 years. It also examined the effects of demographics on schizotypal levels. Paper 2 examined the association between schizotypy and measures of sustained attention and spatial working memory both in a total sample, and in samples split by age and by sex. Paper 3 further examined the association between schizotypy and cognition laboratory tests of attention, executive function and verbal learning/memory. Paper 4 tested the same participants on measures of functional brain asymmetry. Paper 5 used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine white matter structures in a sample of high schizotypes and controls. Results: Paper 1 confirmed that the SPQ is most appropriately modelled by a four-factor structure in an adolescent and young adult sample. Demographic effects on SPQ subscales scores mirrored those seen in clinical samples. Paper 2 found that where small associations between schizotypy and sustained attention/spatial working memory function occurred, these were in relation to either age of sex. Paper 3 demonstrated an association between increased schizotypal features and a slight reduction in performance on verbal learning/memory, but no association with tasks of executive function or attention. In Paper 4, schizotypy was associated with a left-hemifield bias on a computerised line bisection task. Paper 5 found that a group of high schizotypes had an increase in tract coherence in the uncinate fasciculus compared to controls. Furthermore, increasing subclinical hallucinatory experiences were associated with increased tract coherence in the right hemisphere arcuate fasciculus. Conclusions: Schizotypy was associated with changes in brain function and structure similar to that demonstrated in more serious mental illness, although to a lesser degree. The current studies suggested that schizotypy is associated with relatively intact prefrontal function, but slight performance bias on measures of medial temporal lobe function. There was also evidence for structural brain changes in schizotypes, with these being indicative of either a protective factor, or a marker of a pathological process. Correlations between hallucinatory experiences and white matter tracts between language regions support theories implicating hyperconnectivity and presentation of symptoms in clinical groups. The functional and structural data collected from this study suggests that the ‘schizotypal’ brain may represent an ‘early’ stage of pathology, but which is likely to be compensated enough such that transition to serious mental illness is unlikely. Further studies could examine similarities and differences between the schizotypal profile and clinical conditions, which would provide further insights into aetiological mechanisms in schizophrenia/psychosis.
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Bourke, Jesse D. "Hemispheric asymmetry and functional lateralisation in speech-related processes: Behavioural, psychophysiological, and structural factors." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406208.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)A leftward functional asymmetry of speech was first identified by Broca (1861) and Wernicke (1874), followed by observations of a related role of structural asymmetry by Geschwind and Levitsky (1968). Such insights have since been profoundly developed and continue to expand with contemporary advancements in technology and theory. The present thesis is aimed towards improved understanding of behavioural, psychophysiological, and structural factors of hemispheric asymmetry and lateralisation regarding speech-related processing. Findings are drawn from a single multi-faceted study (n = 63) and reported across three sections. In section A background theory and experimental investigation of behavioural and psychophysiological measures is provided focusing on behavioural gap detection threshold tasks and dichotic listening tasks in relation to working-memory span, processing speed, and general intelligence. Psychophysiological processing of rapid temporal cues in noise and silence is also explored using an auditory-evoked potential mismatch negativity paradigm. In section B background theory and experimental investigation of structural measures is reported, focusing on morphometry of the planum temporale (PT), Heschl’s gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, as well as connectivity of the transcallosal PT-to-PT pathway and arcuate fasciculus. Section C explores the integration of these behavioural, psychophysiological, and structural measures in relevance to behavioural rapid temporal processing and language lateralisation using hierarchical regression. Overall, I provide theoretical and experimental evidence that leftward lateralisation of speech can be attributed to acoustic and/or linguistic factors, which can be better understood through the exploration of behavioural, psychophysiological, and structural substrates. The primary implication is that context is part and parcel to the parts and parcels of speech-related processing, and careful methodology is crucial to clarifying existing complex yet meaningful patterns of structural asymmetry and functional lateralisation in such processing.
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Cherbuin, Nicolas. "Hemispheric interaction: when and why is yours better than mine?" Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/45742.
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The performance of most tasks requires some interaction between the cerebral hemispheres. Despite this fact, research has focused on demonstrating that each hemisphere is specialised for certain processes and has largely neglected this interaction. ¶ Recent research has recognised the need for a better understanding of how resources are shared between the cerebral hemispheres. While these studies have shed light on factors external to the participants being tested, such as the type of task and stimuli used, presentation times, and different measurement methods, they have neglected variables that differ between individuals. The studies reported here focused on factors internal to the participants. They include sex, age, handedness, functional lateralisation, practice, attention, and hemispheric activation, which vary between individuals or within individuals across time, and have been shown to influence the structure and morphology of the corpus callosum which is the main pathway for hemispheric interactions. ¶ This thesis examines the relationship of these variables to the efficiency of hemispheric interactions. ¶ ...
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Wilson, Sarah-Jane. "An exploration of the cerebral lateralisation of musical function." 1996. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8547.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis was to conduct a detailed examination of the evidence pertaining to the cerebral lateralisation of musical function. Theoretical models from the neuropsychological and cognitive psychology fields were employed, with emphasis placed on the way the models interrelate to gain a more coherent account of music cognition and its relationship to cerebral lateralisation. (For complete abstract open document.)
Books on the topic "Functional lateralisation"
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Hemisphärenunterschiede, Emotion und bilaterale elektrodermale Aktivität: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Lateralisation emotionsbegleitender elektrodermaler Reaktion. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Functional lateralisation"
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"Lateralisation." In Cortical Functions, 55–76. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203135549-7.
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Stirling, John. "Lateralisation." In Cortical functions, 39–60. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003071433-4.
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Stirling, John. "Lateralisation." In Cortical functions, 39–60. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071433-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Functional lateralisation"
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MEYER, GEORG, SOPHIE WUERGER, and NATALIE T. UOMINI. "A FUNCTIONAL TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND STUDY OF BRAIN LATERALISATION IN STONE TOOL MAKING AND LANGUAGE." In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (EVOLANG8). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295222_0092.
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