Journal articles on the topic 'Functional expansion methods'
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Giese, Timothy J., and Darrin M. York. "Density-functional expansion methods: Generalization of the auxiliary basis." Journal of Chemical Physics 134, no. 19 (May 21, 2011): 194103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3587052.
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Liu, Hong Bo, Wu Ying Zhang, Feng Lin, and Hong Da Cao. "Comparison and Characterization of Two Preparation Methods of Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.125.
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The graphene oxides were prepared form graphite by thermal expansion and ultrasonic dispersion. The structure of graphene oxides was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra. The difference of structure of graphene oxides by two preparation methods was compared. The measurement of FTIR and XRD showed the graphite was completely oxidized. The graphene oxide prepared by thermal expansion would lose large number of active functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl group, et al. However, the graphene oxide prepared by ultrasonic dispersion can retain these active functional groups. These active functional groups will be benefit to chemically modify the graphene oxides and prepare the polymer/graphene nanocomposites.
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Giese, Timothy J., and Darrin M. York. "Density-functional expansion methods: Evaluation of LDA, GGA, and meta-GGA functionals and different integral approximations." Journal of Chemical Physics 133, no. 24 (December 28, 2010): 244107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3515479.
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Ionescu, Carmen, Corina N. Babalic, Radu Constantinescu, and Raluca Efrem. "The Functional Expansion Approach for Solving NPDEs as a Generalization of the Kudryashov and G′/G Methods." Symmetry 14, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14040827.
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This paper presents the functional expansion approach as a generalized method for finding traveling wave solutions of various nonlinear partial differential equations. The approach can be seen as a combination of the Kudryashov and G′/G solving methods. It allowed the extension of the first method to the use of second order auxiliary equations, and, at the same time, it allowed non-standard G′/G-solutions to be generated. The functional expansion is illustrated here on the Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov model, using a linear second order ordinary differential equation as an auxiliary equation.
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Gelman, V. Ya. "Ways of Development of Equipment and Research Methods for Functional Diagnostics." Medicina 10, no. 3 (2022): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29234/2308-9113-2022-10-3-42-52.
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Functional diagnostics is currently one of the rapidly developing areas of medicine. The instrumentation of functional diagnostics is of crucial importance for the efficiency and quality of the actual diagnostics. The aim of the work was to identify and analyze trends in the development of instrumental and software tools of physical research methods in functional diagnostics. It is shown that the following principal directions of development of the technical support of functional diagnostics can be considered: expansion of the range of measured physiological characteristics; increase in measurement accuracy; application of methods of simultaneous recording of several indicators; computerization and digitalization of functional diagnostics; use of artificial intelligence methods; application of non-contact measurements; transition to permanent monitoring; development of wearable devices; creation of complex systems for carrying out functional tests; improving the interface with medical staff and facilitating research; increase in the availability of functional diagnostic equipment for patients and its use in home telemedicine.
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Lee, Ji-Yeon, Jeong-Woo Jeon, and Jin-Seop Kim. "Effects of the Chest Expansion Exercise on Chest Expansion, Respiratory Function and Functional Activity: A Aystematic Review." KOREAN ACADEMY OF CARDIORESPIRATORY PHYSICAL THERAPY 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32337/kacpt.2022.10.1.41.
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Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the effect of chest-expansion exercise studies on chest expansion, respiratory function, and functional activity over the past 8 years (2015-2022).
Methods: Previous studies were electronically searched using the PubMed, PEDro, KISS, and RISS4U databases. A total of five studies were selected according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the PEDro scale was used for the qualitative analysis.
Results: Five studies met the criteria. Two studies scored 6 of 10 and three scored 5. Four studies had an intervention of 20 and 30 min, each at a frequency of 4-5 times per week, for a total of 4-8 weeks, except for one study that performed 20 min of intervention at a time, which demonstrated an immediate effect. The results indicated that chest-expansion exercises effectively improved chest expansion, respiratory function, and functional activity.
Conclusion: Chest-expansion exercises exert positive effects on chest expansion, respiratory function, and functional activity.
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Zlatska, A. V., A. E. Rodnichenko, O. S. Gubar, R. O. Zubov, S. N. Novikova, and R. G. Vasyliev. "ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL CELLS: ISOLATION, EXPANSION, MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES." Experimental Oncology 39, no. 3 (September 22, 2017): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31768/2312-8852.2017.39(3):197-202.
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Aim: We aimed to study biological properties of human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The endometrium samples (n = 5) were obtained by biopsy at the first phase of the menstrual cycle from women with endometrial hypoplasia. In all cases, a voluntary written informed consent was obtained from the patients. Endometrial fragments were dissociated by enzymatic treatment. The cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mМ L-glutamine and 1 ng/ml FGF-2 in a multi-gas incubator at 5% CO2 and 5% O2. At P3 the cells were subjected to immunophenotyping, multilineage differentiation, karyotype stability and colony forming efficiency. The cell secretome was assessed by BioRad Multiplex immunoassay kit. Results: Primary population of endometrial cells was heterogeneous and contained cells with fibroblast-like and epithelial-like morphology, but at P3 the majority of cell population had fibroblast-like morphology. The cells possessed typical for MSCs phenotype CD90+CD105+CD73+CD34-CD45-HLA-DR-. The cells also expressed CD140a, CD140b, CD146, and CD166 antigents; and were negative for CD106, CD184, CD271, and CD325. Cell doubling time was 29.6 ± 1.3 h. The cells were capable of directed osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The cells showed 35.7% colony forming efficiency and a tendency to 3D spheroid formation. The GTG-banding assay confirmed the stability of eMSC karyotype during long-term culturing (up to P8). After 48 h incubation period in serum-free medium eMSC secreted anti-inflammatory IL-1ra, as well as IL-6, IL-8 and IFNγ, angiogenic factors VEGF, GM-CSF and FGF-2, chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1. Conclusion: Thus, cultured endometrial stromal cells meet minimal ISCT criteria for MSC. Proliferative potential, karyotype stability, multilineage plasticity and secretome profile make eMSC an attractive object for the regenerative medicine use.
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Shibkova, Dariya Zakharovna, and Pavel Azifovich Baiguzhin. "NEUROSCIENCE: INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION OR EXPANSION?" Психология. Психофизиология 13, no. 3 (October 21, 2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/jpps200312.
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Aim. The paper aims to study the differentiation and integration of scientific disciplines in the natural sciences and humanities research areas of neuroscience based on a review of Russian scientific works and to propose a structural and functional model of neuroscience as an interdisciplinary system of knowledge about brain features that ensure human activity in various professional spheres. Methods. A theoretical analysis of scientific publications on the topic over the last ten years has been used along with such methods as comparison, generalization, and modelling. Results. The paper presents various points of view on the subject field of separate disciplines within neuroscience, as well as on the relations between them. The interdisciplinarity of neuroscience is considered by a number of authors (philosophers) as a form of disciplinary colonization, epistemic expansion or intervention. Another group of authors considers neuroscience as a systemic level of science that unites multidisciplinary research activities related to the study of the brain. The third position is represented by authors who consider neuroscience as an extension of the problem field of neurobiology or as its synonym. A number of authors pay special attention to the popularity of neuroscience among politicians, military structures, pharmacological companies and other professionals with their disciplinary totality: neurophilosophy, neuropsychology, neuroinformatics, neurogenetics, neurobiology, neurosociology, neuropedagogy, etc. The paper demonstrates that there is no unified point of view on psychophysiology as a part of neuroscience, which also has interdisciplinary connections with many sciences that study individual psychological characteristics and behavior. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the discussion, the authors emphasize the need to logically build the structural and functional relationships of individual disciplines within a unified neuroscience and determine its subject field on the basis of a systemic evolutionary approach.
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Рогожин, Андрей, and Andrei Rogozhin. "Traditional and non-traditional methods of optimizing the functional states of public servants." Applied psychology and pedagogy 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c2cfc8f48a604.29122318.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the problem of the states of human life: functional, mental and psycho-physiological. The question of the characteristics of the professional activities of civil servants and the level of stressful influences in it are discussed. Consider methods of optimizing functional states, both medical and psychological. Special attention is paid to the practices of self-regulation from transpersonal psychology, which are non-traditional for practical psychology, which, on the one hand, offer a wide range of opportunities to overcome stressful influences, and on the other, it is a potential reserve for spiritual and personal development, expansion of world view, development of creativity and internal integrity.
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DÖRING, LEIF, BLANKA HORVATH, and JOSEF TEICHMANN. "FUNCTIONAL ANALYTIC (IR-)REGULARITY PROPERTIES OF SABR-TYPE PROCESSES." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 20, no. 03 (April 24, 2017): 1750013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024917500133.
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The stochastic alpha, beta, rho (SABR) model is a benchmark stochastic volatility model in interest rate markets, which has received much attention in the past decade. Its popularity arose from a tractable asymptotic expansion for implied volatility, derived by heat kernel methods. As markets moved to historically low rates, this expansion appeared to yield inconsistent prices. Since the model is deeply embedded in the markets, alternative pricing methods for SABR have been addressed in numerous approaches in recent years. All standard option pricing methods make certain regularity assumptions on the underlying model, but for SABR, these are rarely satisfied. We examine here regularity properties of the model from this perspective with a view to a number of (asymptotic and numerical) option pricing methods. In particular, we highlight delicate degeneracies of the SABR model (and related processes) at the origin, which deem the currently used popular heat kernel methods and all related methods from (sub-) Riemannian geometry ill-suited for SABR-type processes, when interest rates are near zero. We describe a more general semigroup framework, which permits to derive a suitable geometry for SABR-type processes (in certain parameter regimes) via symmetric Dirichlet forms. Furthermore, we derive regularity properties (Feller properties and strong continuity properties) necessary for the applicability of popular numerical schemes to SABR-semigroups and identify suitable Banach and Hilbert spaces for these. Finally, we comment on the short-time and large time asymptotic behavior of SABR-type processes beyond the heat-kernel framework.
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Svozil, Karl. "Functional Epistemology “Nullifies” Dyson’s Rebuttal of Perturbation Theory." Axioms 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12010072.
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Functional epistemology is about ways to access functional objects by using varieties of methods and procedures. Not all such means are equally capable of reproducing these functions in the desired consistency and resolution. Dyson’s argument against the perturbative expansion of quantum field theoretic terms, in a radical form (never pursued by Dyson), is an example of epistemology taken as ontology.
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Fastuca, Rosamaria, Helga Turiaco, Fausto Assandri, Piero A. Zecca, Luca Levrini, and Alberto Caprioglio. "Condylar Changes in Children with Posterior Crossbite after Maxillary Expansion: Tridimensional Evaluation." Children 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010038.
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(1) Background: To investigate condylar position in subjects with functional posterior crossbite comparing findings before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment through 3D analysis; (2) Methods: Thirty-two Caucasian patients (14 males, mean age 8 y 8 m ± 1 y 2 m; 18 females mean age 8 y 2 m ± 1 y 4 m) with functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) diagnosis underwent rapid palatal expansion with a Haas appliance banded on second deciduous upper molars. Patients’ underwent CBCT scans before rapid palatal expansion (T0) and after 12 months (T1). The images were processed through 3D slicer software; (3) Results: The condylar position changes between T1 and T0 among the crossbite and non-crossbite sides were not statistically significant, except for the transversal axis. At T1, the condyles moved forward (y axis) and laterally (x axis), they also moved downward (z axis) but not significantly; (4) Conclusions: Condilar position in growing patients with functional posterior crossbite did not change significantly after rapid maxillary expansion.
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Fastuca, Rosamaria, Helga Turiaco, Fausto Assandri, Piero A. Zecca, Luca Levrini, and Alberto Caprioglio. "Condylar Changes in Children with Posterior Crossbite after Maxillary Expansion: Tridimensional Evaluation." Children 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010038.
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(1) Background: To investigate condylar position in subjects with functional posterior crossbite comparing findings before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment through 3D analysis; (2) Methods: Thirty-two Caucasian patients (14 males, mean age 8 y 8 m ± 1 y 2 m; 18 females mean age 8 y 2 m ± 1 y 4 m) with functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) diagnosis underwent rapid palatal expansion with a Haas appliance banded on second deciduous upper molars. Patients’ underwent CBCT scans before rapid palatal expansion (T0) and after 12 months (T1). The images were processed through 3D slicer software; (3) Results: The condylar position changes between T1 and T0 among the crossbite and non-crossbite sides were not statistically significant, except for the transversal axis. At T1, the condyles moved forward (y axis) and laterally (x axis), they also moved downward (z axis) but not significantly; (4) Conclusions: Condilar position in growing patients with functional posterior crossbite did not change significantly after rapid maxillary expansion.
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IRVING, A. D., and T. DEWSON. "VOLTERRA FUNCTIONAL SECURE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 13, no. 01 (January 2003): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403006388.
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Two methods, based on nonlinear dynamics, are described for broad- and narrow-band communication systems. The first approach employs hyperchaotic discrete time series carrier sequences generated with mixed linear–nonlinear coupled differential equations [Irving & Dewson, 1997]. In this first approach it is assumed that the solution of the coupled ordinary differential equations can be represented as a multichannel Volterra functional expansion. Identification, synchronization and the potential unmasking of hyperchaotic communications systems, are achieved by generating a tractable hierarchy of ascending order time series moment equations by operating on a suitably truncated Volterra functional expansion. The estimated moment hierarchy facilitates the calculation of the coefficients of the coupled differential equations that generate the multichannel carrier that is to be modulated by the message. Due to its ability to easily and accurately estimate the coefficients of the governing differential equations the method is applied to the multichannel carrier sequences of data generated by a set of hyperchaotic equations. The inherent problem of resynchronization in chaotic communication systems cannot be avoided in general because of the evolutionary, time dependent, nature of the time series carriers used. This time dependence problem that results in repeated resynchronization can be avoided by considering an alternative and innovative approach that employs time series carrier sequences generated by an input–output multichannel Volterra kernel expansion [Dewson & Irving, 1996]. In this second method, mixed order multichannel Volterra kernel functions are used to generate the carrier sequence that is then modulated by the message. The Volterra kernel function values used to generate the carrier can be identified with the moment hierarchy method [Dewson & Irving, 1996] enabling the message to be deconvolved from the transmitted signal. The modulated nonlinear multichannel signal is transmitted to the receiver. The effect of transmission is to distort and corrupt the signal. In this work it is assumed that the distortions to the transmitted signal remain small, with the case where they become significant being treated elsewhere. First, the case where the signal is received free from both noise and distortion, for example the decryption of an encrypted e-mail, is first considered. Then signal reception in the presence of additive noise is considered. Each of the two proposed methods has been investigated to determine their accuracy and robustness in the presence of additive noise.
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Ali Khan, Mohd Wajid. "Optimization of methods for peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation and expansion of human gamma delta T cells." Bioinformation 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026//97320630017460.
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Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells (γδ T cells) are immune surveillance cells both in innate and adaptive immunity and are a possible target for anticancer therapies, which can induce immune responses in a variety of cancers. Small non-peptide antigens such as zoledronate can do activation and expansion of T cells in vitro. It is evident that for adoptive cancer therapies, large numbers of functional cells are needed into cancer patients. Hence, optimization of methods needs to be carried out for the efficient expansion of these T cells. Standardization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolation was devised. Cytokines (interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 15 (IL-15)) and zoledronate were also standardized for different concentrations. It was found that an increased number of PBMCs were recovered when washing was done at 1100 revolution per minute (rpm). Significantly high expansion fold was (2524 ± 787 expansion fold) achieved when stimulation of PBMCs was done with 1 μM of zoledronate and both cytokines IL-2 and IL-15 supported the expansion and survival of cells ISSN 0973-2063 (online) 0973-8894 (print) Bioinformation 17(3): 460-469 (2021) ©Biomedical Informatics (2021) 461 at the concentrations of 100 IU/ml and 10 ng/ml respectively. 14-day cultures showed highly pure (91.6 ± 5.1%) and live (96.5 ± 2.5%) expanded γδ T cells. This study aimed to standardize an easy to manipulate technique for the expansion of γδ T cells, giving a higher yield.
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Alimetov, A. Ch. "Methods of surgical treatment of bilateral paralytic laryngeal stenosis." Kazan medical journal 97, no. 5 (October 15, 2016): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2016-749.
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Median stenosis of the larynx, occurring due to paresis or paralysis of the vocal cords, is the most severe pathology in terms of disablement, the treatment complexity and further rehabilitation. Amid the high surgical activity on the organs surrounding larynx, an increase in patients with this pathology is observed. The main surgical approaches in the treatment of bilateral paralytic laryngeal stenosis are described. Two main variants of surgical interventions are emphasized: static - aimed at mechanical expansion of airway lumen, dynamic (functional) - aimed at vocal cord mobility restoration. In considering options aimed at the mechanical expansion of the laryngeal lumen, surgical technique is conventionally used. Most of the authors used removal of the anatomical structures of the larynx to expand its lumen - the vocal cords, arytenoid cartilage, or both at the same time. However, when using these methods, there are possibility of cicatricial changes in violation of the mucosal integrity with recurrent stenosis, eruption of ligatures with the return of the vocal cords in the original position in lateral fixation. In a number of surgical approaches the high invasiveness, technical complexity of execution, as well as the violation of the protective function of the larynx were registered. Among the dynamic methods neuroplasty with an attempt to restore the laryngeal muscles innervation by suturing intersected part of the nerve «end-to-end» and «end-to-side»; myoplasty, when to restore the vocal cords mobility surrounding muscles of the neck were used; neuromuscular plastic, when reinnervation was performed using nerve-muscle flap, were described. The methods are functional, but they have their own disadvantages. The necessity of further search for effective methods of treatment was shown.
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Xu, Han, and Yinlai Jin. "The Asymptotic Solutions for a Class of Nonlinear Singular Perturbed Differential Systems with Time delays." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/965376.
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We study a kind of vector singular perturbed delay-differential equations. By using the methods of boundary function and fractional steps, we construct the formula of asymptotic expansion and confirm the interior layer att=σ. Meanwhile, on the basis of functional analysis skill, the existence of the smooth solution and the uniform validity of the asymptotic expansion are proved.
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Zhou, Guolei, Jing Zhang, Chenggu Li, and Yanjun Liu. "Spatial Pattern of Functional Urban Land Conversion and Expansion under Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of Changchun, China." Land 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010119.
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As populations continue to be concentrated in cities, the world will become entirely urbanized, and urban space is undergoing a drastic evolution. Understanding the spatial pattern of conversion and expansion of functional urban land, in the context of rapid urbanization, helps us to grasp the trajectories of urban spatial evolution in greater depth from a theoretical and practical level. Using the ESRI ArcGIS 9.3 software platform, methods, such as overlay analysis, transition matrix, and kernel density estimation, were used in order to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of different types of functional urban land conversion and expansion in the central city of Changchun. The results show that different types of functional urban land were often expanded and replaced, and the urban spatial structure was constantly evolving. The conversion and expansion of functional urban land show similar characteristics to concentric zone and sector modes and show dynamic changes in different concentric circles and directions at different periods. Our method can accurately identify the different types of functional urban land, and also explore the evolutionary trajectory of urban spatial structure. This study will help to coordinate the development of different functional urban spaces and to optimize the urban spatial structure in the future.
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Melchert, Friedrich, Gabriele Bani, Udo Seiffert, and Michael Biehl. "Adaptive basis functions for prototype-based classification of functional data." Neural Computing and Applications 32, no. 24 (July 13, 2019): 18213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04299-2.
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AbstractWe present a framework for distance-based classification of functional data. We consider the analysis of labeled spectral data and time series by means of generalized matrix relevance learning vector quantization (GMLVQ) as an example. To take advantage of the functional nature, a functional expansion of the input data is considered. Instead of using a predefined set of basis functions for the expansion, a more flexible scheme of an adaptive functional basis is employed. GMLVQ is applied on the resulting functional parameters to solve the classification task. For comparison of the classification, a GMLVQ system is also applied to the raw input data, as well as on data expanded by a different predefined functional basis. Computer experiments show that the methods offer potential to improve classification performance significantly. Furthermore, the analysis of the adapted set of basis functions give further insights into the data structure and yields an option for a drastic reduction of dimensionality.
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KOPIETZ, PETER. "BOSONIZATION AND THE EIKONAL EXPANSION: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 17 (July 30, 1996): 2111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296000969.
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We compare two non-perturbative techniques for calculating the single-particle Green’s function of interacting Fermi systems with dominant forward scattering: our recently developed functional integral approach to bosonization in arbitrary dimensions, and the eikonal expansion. In both methods the Green’s function is first calculated for a fixed configuration of a background field, and then averaged with respect to a suitably defined effective action. We show that, after linearization of the energy dispersion at the Fermi surface, both methods yield for Fermi liquids exactly the same non-perturbative expression for the quasi-particle residue. However, in the case of non-Fermi liquid behavior the low-energy behavior of the Green’s function predicted by the eikonal method can be erroneous. In particular, for the Tomonaga-Luttinger model the eikonal method neither reproduces the correct scaling behavior of the spectral function, nor predicts the correct location of its singularities.
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Schinzel, Sandra, and Martin Kaupp. "Validation of broken-symmetry density functional methods for the calculation of electron paramagnetic resonance parameters of dinuclear mixed-valence MnIVMnIII complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 10 (October 2009): 1521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-094.
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. The EPR parameters of a series of dinuclear manganese(III,IV) complexes with mono(μ-oxo), bis(μ-oxo), (μ-oxo)(μ-carboxylato), bis(μ-oxo)(μ-carboxylato), and (μ-oxo)bis(μ-carboxylato) bridges were studied by broken-symmetry density functional (DFT) methods. The influence of the exchange-correlation functional on the agreement with experiment has been evaluated systematically for g tensors; 55Mn, 14N, and 1H hyperfine coupling tensors; and Heisenberg exchange couplings. 14N and 1H hyperfine couplings, 55Mn hyperfine anisotropies, g tensors, and exchange couplings are well described by hybrid functionals with moderate exact-exchange admixtures such as B3LYP. The isotropic 55Mn hyperfine couplings require larger exact-exchange admixtures. However, the errors of the B3LYP calculations are systematic and may be corrected by a constant scaling factor, providing good predictive power for a wide range of EPR parameters with broken-symmetry DFT and standard functionals. The influence of terminal and bridging ligands on structure, spin-density distributions, and EPR parameters are evaluated systematically. Computed hyperfine and g tensors are not covariant to each other. This may have consequences for spectra simulations. The nature of the broken-symmetry state and the origin of its spin contamination were analyzed by an expansion into restricted determinants, based on paired orbitals.
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Semidey-Flecha, Lymarie, and David S. Sholl. "Combining density functional theory and cluster expansion methods to predict H2 permeance through Pd-based binary alloy membranes." Journal of Chemical Physics 128, no. 14 (April 14, 2008): 144701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900558.
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Kozbagarova, Nina Zh, Kuralaj T. Ibragimova, and ZHanat E. Ajtileu. "Ways to improve the system of public spaces in Almaty by methods of underground urbanism." Urban construction and architecture 12, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/10.17673/vestnik.2022.02.20.
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The article deals with modern social, transport and environmental problems of the largest city of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, which are identical for the largest cities in the world. Examples of leading countries in the active development of underground spaces are given. The data of the analysis of the current situation in the city of Almaty on the development of underground spaces of the city with the functional differentiation of real estate objects are presented. The balance of their localization by administrative districts of the city is given. The structure of the existing line of the Almaty metro and the possibilities of interrelation of its prospective development with the expansion of the functional diversity of the system of public spaces due to the active use and underground environment of the city are given.
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Capiluppi, Elisa, Luca Romano, Paola Rebora, Lorenzo Nanetti, Anna Castaldo, Cinzia Gellera, Caterina Mariotti, Antonella Macerollo, and M. Giuliana Cislaghi. "Late-onset Huntington’s disease with 40–42 CAG expansion." Neurological Sciences 41, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-04177-8.
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Abstract Introduction Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion greater than 35 in the IT-15 gene. There is an inverse correlation between the number of pathological CAG and the age of onset. However, CAG repeats between 40 and 42 showed a wider onset variation. We aimed to investigate potential clinical differences between patients with age at onset ≥ 60 years (late onset-HD) and patients with age at onset between 30 and 59 years (common-onset HD) in a cohort of patients with the same CAG expansions (40–42). Methods A retrospective analysis of 66 HD patients with 40–41–42 CAG expansion was performed. Patients were investigated with the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (subitems I–II–III and Total Functional Capacity, Functional Assessment and Stage of Disease). Data were analysed using χ2, Fisher’s test, t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. GENMOD analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to study the disease progression. Results The age of onset ranged from 39 to 59 years in the CO subgroup, whereas the LO subgroup showed an age of onset from 60 to 73 years. No family history was reported in 31% of the late-onset in comparison with 20% in common-onset HD (p = 0.04). No difference emerged in symptoms of onset, in clinical manifestations and in progression of disease between the two groups. Conclusion There were no clinical differences between CO and LO subgroups with 40–42 CAG expansion. There is a need of further studies on environmental as well genetic variables modifying the age at onset.
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Lin, Lin, and Michael Lindsey. "Variational structure of Luttinger–Ward formalism and bold diagrammatic expansion for Euclidean lattice field theory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 20, 2018): 2282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720782115.
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The Luttinger–Ward functional was proposed more than five decades ago and has been used to formally justify most practically used Green’s function methods for quantum many-body systems. Nonetheless, the very existence of the Luttinger–Ward functional has been challenged by recent theoretical and numerical evidence. We provide a rigorously justified Luttinger–Ward formalism, in the context of Euclidean lattice field theory. Using the Luttinger–Ward functional, the free energy can be variationally minimized with respect to Green’s functions in its domain. We then derive the widely used bold diagrammatic expansion rigorously, without relying on formal arguments such as partial resummation of bare diagrams to infinite order.
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Semykina, Olena. "MAIN TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN AIRPORTS." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.306-315.
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The article highlights the experience of design and construction with the expansion of existing airports, considers the factors that shape the development trends of modern international airports. Some general principles and methods of expansion of international airports are revealed. The formation of modern airports is influenced by many factors, primarily socio-economic and trends in air transport. In the last 20, 30 years, the largest percentage of the world's reconstruction is with the mandatory expansion of airports. Thus, the main issues of development of modern airports are the principles and methods of their expansion. Additional factors influencing the reconstruction of modern airports are issues of terrorist and virological security. If the issue of terrorist threats has influenced functional decisions for several decades, the virological threat is quite new and requires a comprehensive study and implementation of new measures of various kinds. Also, the purpose of the reconstruction of modern airports is to improve the level of comfort and safety, which are the main factors in the marketing struggle for air passengers and air cargo. The publication considers several typical modern examples of airport reconstruction, both in Europe and in the post-Soviet space - Kutaisi (Georgia), Marseille (France), Oslo (Norway), Amsterdam (Netherlands). The publication highlights that the expansion of the airport requires some mandatory stages. Namely, determining the appropriateness of the expansion and the main functional tasks for which this expansion should take place, determining the principles and techniques by which the expansion of the terminal will be most rational, determine whether the increase in passenger traffic requires runway expansion, determine how the increase in passenger traffic additional functions (parking, trade and food services, etc.).
Of the above examples of expansion of modern airports, the most accurate is the method of expansion, which is a kind of symbiosis of building a new terminal with redistribution of functions between the new and old terminal, and with the simultaneous addition of necessary planning transitions and galleries.
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MARTIN, L., and D. G. C. MCKEON. "THE HEAT KERNEL IN CURVED SPACE IN TERMS OF CLASSICAL VARIABLES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 09 (April 10, 1999): 1337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99000695.
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Using functional methods introduced by Onofri, the heat kernel matrix element Mxy=<x|e-Ht|y> for an elliptic operator H in curved space is unambiguously represented in terms of functional derivatives of an expression which solely involves classical variables. To illustrate how this can be used, the lowest order term in the Schwinger–DeWitt expansion for Mxx is computed.
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Charavet, Carole, Michel Le Gall, Adelin Albert, Annick Bruwier, and Sophie Leroy. "Patient compliance and orthodontic treatment efficacy of Planas functional appliances with TheraMon microsensors." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/122917-888.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess patient compliance and treatment efficacy of preventive expansion treatment with removable Planas functional appliances using an integrated microsensor. Materials and Methods: Wear time (WT) and behavior of 69 patients undergoing treatment with Planas functional appliances were assessed and analysed using TheraMon microsensors (Gschladt, Hargelsberg, Austria). Patients were followed up for a period of 9 months, and visits were made every 3 months to download WT data from the microsensor and to assess wearing behavior. From individual WT graphs,10 parameters were derived to characterize compliance for each patient. Treatment efficacy was measured by eight parameters determining the level of expansion after 9 months of treatment. Results: Patients wore their device on average 15.8 ± 5.2 h/d. WT was unrelated to age and gender, but it was positively influenced by patient habits when keeping appliances during eating, sports, care and handling. Treatment efficacy in terms of intercanine and intermolar expansion was 4.4 ± 1.9 mm and 4.6 ± 2.0 mm for the maxilla, and 5.3 ± 2.0 mm and 4.7 ± 2.3 mm for the mandible, respectively. Efficacy was negatively affected by poor compliance (WT < 9 h/d) and by high variability of within-subject WT recordings. Conclusions: Perfect compliance is not necessary to achieve treatment success, but patients should exhibit sufficient wear time to allow maxillary expansion to occur. The TheraMon microsensor offers a new perspective and aid to individualize treatment prescriptions.
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Güner, Özkan, and Dursun Eser. "Exact Solutions of the Space Time Fractional Symmetric Regularized Long Wave Equation Using Different Methods." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/456804.
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We apply the functional variable method, exp-function method, and(G′/G)-expansion method to establish the exact solutions of the nonlinear fractional partial differential equation (NLFPDE) in the sense of the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. As a result, some new exact solutions for them are obtained. The results show that these methods are very effective and powerful mathematical tools for solving nonlinear fractional equations arising in mathematical physics. As a result, these methods can also be applied to other nonlinear fractional differential equations.
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Yuan, Dennis Jinglun, Stacey M. Fernandes, Jennifer R. Brown, and Lance C. Kam. "Individualized expansion of T cells from CLL patients for immunotherapy." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 86.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.86.20.
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Abstract T cell therapy has shown significant promise in treating blood cancers, yet high proportions of T cells from patients are either unresponsive to stimulation methods or show wide variability in regards to which activation conditions induce optimal expansion. In this work, we explore how expansion of T cells from CLL patients using scaffolds with tunable physical parameters (rigidity, fiber dimensions, pore size) is correlated to patient biomarker data, as well as exhaustion and functional profiles of patient T cells, to gain insight on personalizing T cell production for immunotherapy. Polymer fiber scaffolds are fabricated via electrospinning with PDMS/PCL polymer blend and coated with activating antibodies to CD3 and CD28 to stimulate T cells isolated from CLL patients with pre-annotated mutation burdens and disease progression. Exhaustion surface markers, memory/effector phenotyping, and cytokine secretion are measured via immunostaining before and after expansion. Preliminary data has shown that decreasing fiber diameters (from 6 to 1 μm) enhanced T cell expansion and increased the ratio of effector memory to central memory phenotypes. We observe that higher CLL Rai stage leads to decrease in proliferative potential. Interestingly, cells from each CLL patient in our initial study showed different patterns of expansion for the same set of scaffold compositions. Machine learning methods can identify clinical markers that predict exhaustion and functional profiles from starting cell populations as well as expansion with different biomaterial parameters. Collectively, insight into predicting how patient T cells can be robustly expanded in a personalized approach is powerful for translating T cell therapies to more patients.
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Becker, Hans Jiro Jiro, Masatoshi Sakurai, and Satoshi Yamazaki. "Defined Expansion Protocol Supports Ex Vivo Expansion of Gene Edited Hematopoietic Stem Cells to the Single Cell Level." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136943.
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Background The application of gene editing in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) holds great promise for the treatment of genetic blood disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). However, one critical bottleneck is that edited HSCs cannot easily be expanded ex vivo without concomitant loss of self-renewal. This limitation excludes the possibility of growing functional HSCs from single cells, which would enable the selection of desired clones based on sequence verification of relevant on- and off-target modifications. We recently reported on a defined, serum-free, polymer-based culture protocol that selectively facilitates in vitro proliferation of murine HSCs [1]. In the current study, we aimed to expand functional, CRISPR/Cas9-edited HSCs from bulk cell populations as well as from cloned, single HSCs to generate grafts capable of hematopoietic reconstitution. We show that HSCs from the murine PrkdcSCID model, which harbors a point mutation in the Prkdc gene leading to B and T cell deficiency, can be edited and expanded to correct the immunodeficient phenotype after transplantation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that single, gene-edited HSCs can be cloned and expanded using our system to generate functional HSCs for SCT. Methods CD150+CD201+c-Kit+Lin- (CD150+CD201+KL) HSCs from C.B17/Icr-PrkdcSCID (SCID) mice were isolated and cultured in polymer-based medium supplemented with recombinant cytokines. Gene editing was performed with Cas9 protein and appropriate gRNAs delivered as ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) via electroporation. HDR donors were supplied as single-strand oligonucleotides (ssODNs). Stem cell transplantations (SCTs) were carried out after lethal irradiation with 2.5 Gy. Results To demonstrate that edited HSCs can be expanded as a bulk population and efficiently engraft to correct a disease phenotype, SCID mouse-derived donor HSCs were subjected to Cas9-mediated gene editing at the Prkdc locus (Fig. 1a). Total cells and primitive CD201+CD150+cKit+Lin-(KL) cells expanded 70- and 10-fold, respectively, over seven days after which bulk populations were transplanted into SCID mice. Inference of CRISPR edits (ICE) analysis performed at the time of SCT indicated an HDR frequency of 29%±10%. The emergence of B and T cells in peripheral blood samples was observed from four weeks after transplantation (B220+: 21±7%, CD4+: 27±4%, CD8+: 4±1%; Fig 1b). We also confirmed the presence of B and T cells in the spleen and thymus of transplanted mice. Immunization experiments showed immunoglobulin titer levels equal to healthy control mice after challenge with a T-dependent antigen. We conclude that expansion and autologous SCT of edited HSCs restores a functional B and T cell compartment in SCID mice. We next inquired whether our system could be used to expand single, edited HSC clones. To this end, we sorted single, edited CD150+CD201+KL clones by flow cytometry and expanded them for two weeks. Genomic DNA was sampled from growing colonies and editing outcomes at the Prkdc locus were individually assessed to screen for corrected HSCs (Fig. 2a). After transplantation of the selected clones, B and T cells could be detected starting from 4 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively, in peripheral blood (Fig. 2b), suggesting that functional HSCs could be expanded from edited clones. Interestingly, we found that engraftment was associated with high expression of EPCR in the CD150+KL populations of single cell-derived HSC colonies. Conclusion We have shown that functional, Cas9-edited SCID and wildtype HSCs can be expanded in our defined culture system. Corrected SCID HSCs contributed to hematopoietic reconstitution of B and T lineages conferring restored immunity in vivo. Furthermore, we were able to generate transplantable HSCs from single edited clones. This approach has important applications in HSC gene editing and has potential to overcome marker-based selection strategies since individual clones can be interrogated and selected for targeted gene editing events prior to transplantation. Our expansion system will serve as a tool to further the development of targeted gene therapeutic strategies. [1] Wilkinson et al., Nature 571, 117-121 (2019) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kuramatsu, Joji B., Christoph Mauer, Ines-Christine Kiphuth, Hannes Lücking, Stephan P. Kloska, Martin Köhrmann, and Hagen B. Huttner. "Reported Antiplatelet Use Influences Long-Term Outcome Independently in Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage." Neurosurgery 70, no. 2 (August 5, 2011): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3182311266.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on antiplatelet (AP) use in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. Several outcome predictors have been debated, but influences on mortality and outcome still remain controversial, especially for different ICH locations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and functional outcome of ICH patients with reported regular AP use according to hemorrhage locations. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 210 consecutive spontaneous ICH patients. Clinical data including the preadmission status, initial presentation, neuroradiological data, treatment, and outcome were evaluated. Analyses were calculated for AP use vs non-AP use according to hematoma locations, and multivariate models were calculated for hematoma expansion and unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale = 4–6) long-term functional outcome (at 1 year). RESULTS: For all AP users ICH volume was significantly larger, 27.7 mL (interquartile range 7.4-66.1) vs 16.8 mL (interquartile range 4.2-44.7); (P = .032). Analyses showed an increased mortality for AP users at 90 days and 1 year (P = .036; P = .008). Multivariately, for all ICH patients, prior AP use was independently associated with hematoma expansion (odds ratio [OR] 3.61; P = .026) and poorer functional outcome at 1 year (OR 3.82, P = .035). In deep ICH patients, AP use was an independent predictor of an unfavorable functional outcome at 1 year (OR 4.75, P = .048). CONCLUSION: Hematoma expansion and more frequent unfavorable long-term functional outcome were independently associated with prior AP use for all patients, and in deep ICH patients AP use was an independent predictor of an unfavorable long-term functional outcome.
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Savchenko, Yevheniia, and Anhelina Haishun. "GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES OF BRITISH NOVEL TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 30 (March 2020): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-9.
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One of the most important tasks of the translator is to achieve the equivalence of the translation text. As a result, translators are forced to use various transformations, in particular grammatical ones. The study of grammatical transformations is also important from the point of view of identifying linguistic equivalence, the originality of the English literary language, its inherent characteristics. All of the above determines the relevance of the paper topic. The aim of the work is to study the basic principles of the functioning of grammatical transformations in the British novel translation into Ukrainian. The study is based on the continuous sampling method, translation and comparative method, transformational analysis, descriptive and quantitative methods and interpretive analysis methods. It was found that morphological transformations were carried out using full, zero, partial translations, functional substitution (correspondence), assimilation, conversion and antonymic translation in the conditions of similarity of forms. The morphological transformations in the conditions of form discrimination were carried out using zero translation, functional substitution, conversion, expansion and contraction. The syntactic transformations at the level of word combinations were carried out using a full translation, such types of partial translation as contraction, expansion and transposition, functional substitution, translation commentary or descriptive translation. The syntactic transformations at the sentence level were carried out using zero translation, functional substitution, transposition, expansion, contraction, antonymic translation, addition, omission. Such transformations most often complement each other, thereby compensating a certain loss of information in a certain extent through the restructuring of the original text. Each such transformation is directed, first of all, to an adequate way of transferring the initial information in forms that are acceptable for the cultural tradition and the target language.
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Lv, Xin-Ni, Zuo-Qiao Li, Lan Deng, Wen-Song Yang, Yu-Lun Li, Yuan-Jun Huang, Yi-Qing Shen, et al. "Early Perihematomal Edema Expansion: Definition, Significance, and Association with Outcomes after Intracerebral Hemorrhage." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (September 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6249509.
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Objective. To investigate the association between early perihematomal edema (PHE) expansion and functional outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods. Patients with ICH who underwent initial computed tomography (CT) scans within 6 hours after the onset of symptoms and follow-up CT scans within 24 ± 12 hours were included. Absolute PHE increase was defined as the absolute increase in PHE volume from baseline to 24 hours. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the cutoff value for early PHE expansion, which was operationally defined as an absolute increase in PHE volume of >6 mL. The outcome of interest was 3-month poor outcome defined as modified Rankin scale score of ≥4. A multivariable logistic regression procedure was used to assess the association between early PHE expansion and outcome after ICH. Results. In 233 patients with ICH, 89 (38.2%) patients had poor outcome at 3-month follow-up. Early PHE expansion was observed in 56 of 233 (24.0%) patients. Patients with early PHE expansion were more likely to have poor functional outcome than those without (43.8% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001 ). After adjusting for age, admission systolic blood pressure, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, baseline ICH volume and the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and time from onset to CT, early PHE expansion was associated with poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 4.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.70–10.60; p = 0.002 ). Conclusions. The early PHE expansion was not uncommon in patients with ICH and was correlated with poor outcome following ICH.
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Orabi, I. I., and G. Ahmadi. "Nonstationary Response Analysis of a Duffing Oscillator by the Wiener-Hermite Expansion Method." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173033.
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The Wiener-Hermite functional series expansion method is used to analyze the nonstationary response of a Duffing oscillator under random excitations. The formal procedure for the derivation of the deterministic equations governing the Wiener-Hermite kernel functions is described. The first three terms in the series are retained. The nonstationary response of a damped Duffing oscillator subjected to a modulated white noise is studied. For several values of nonlinearity strength and different damping coefficients the nonstationary mean-square responses are obtained. The results are compared with those found by a single-term expansion and other methods. It is shown that mean-square responses obtained by the three-term expansion agree with the exact stationary variances and the simulation results.
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Saeed, Huda J. "An Efficient Three-step Iterative Methods Based on Bernstein Quadrature Formula for Solving Nonlinear Equations." BASRA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 39, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 355–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29072/basjs.2021303.
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In this study, we suggest and analyze two new one-parameter families of an efficient iterative methods free from higher derivatives for solving nonlinear equations based on Newton theorem of calculus and Bernstein quadrature formula, Bernoulli polynomial basis, Taylor’s expansion and some numerical techniques. We prove that the new iterative methods reach orders of convergence ten with six and eight with four functional evaluations per iteration, which implies that the efficiency index of the new iterative methods is (10)1/6 1.4678 and (8)1/4 1.6818 respectively. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency and performance of our iterative methods, compare to Newton’s method and other relevant methods.
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Li, Jin, and Xiuzhen Li. "The Modified Trapezoidal Rule for Computing Hypersingular Integral on Interval." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/736834.
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The modified trapezoidal rule for the computation of hypersingular integrals in boundary element methods is discussed. When the special function of the error functional equals zero, the convergence rate is one order higher than the general case. A new quadrature rule is presented and the asymptotic expansion of error function is obtained. Based on the error expansion, not only do we obtain a high order of accuracy, but also a posteriori error estimate is conveniently derived. Some numerical results are also reported to confirm the theoretical results and show the efficiency of the algorithms.
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Ayryan, E. A., M. Hnatic, and V. B. Malyutin. "Approximate evaluation of functional integrals generated by the relativistic Hamiltonian." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series 56, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2020-56-1-72-83.
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An approximate evaluation of matrix-valued functional integrals generated by the relativistic Hamiltonian is considered. The method of evaluation of functional integrals is based on the expansion in the eigenfunctions of Hamiltonian generating the functional integral. To find the eigenfunctions and the eigenvalues the initial Hamiltonian is considered as a sum of the unperturbed operator and a small correction to it, and the perturbation theory is used. The eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the unperturbed operator are found using the Sturm sequence method and the reverse iteration method. This approach allows one to significantly reduce the computation time and the used computer memory compared to the other known methods.
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MENEZES, D. P., M. B. PINTO, and G. KREIN. "OPTIMIZED DELTA EXPANSION FOR RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR MODELS: RENORMALIZATION OF VACUUM FLUCTUATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 09, no. 03 (June 2000): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301300000131.
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We use the optimized linear δ expansion and functional methods to study vacuum contributions in nuclear matter up to the lowest non-trivial order which includes exchange terms. We show that well known results (MFT, RHA and HF) can be easily reproduced when appropriate limits are taken. Neglecting vacuum contributions we explicitly show that the δ expansion goes beyond the traditional loop approximation previously used to study two loop vacuum contributions in nuclear matter. We then evaluate and renormalize vacuum exchange contributions showing that they are numerically very large, as predicted by the ordinary loop approximation.
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Singh, Sanjula D., Marco Pasi, Floris H. B. M. Schreuder, Andrea Morotti, Jasper R. Senff, Andrew D. Warren, Brenna N. McKaig, et al. "Computed Tomography Angiography Spot Sign, Hematoma Expansion, and Functional Outcome in Spontaneous Cerebellar Intracerebral Hemorrhage." Stroke 52, no. 9 (September 2021): 2902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.033297.
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Background and Purpose: The computed tomography angiography spot sign is associated with hematoma expansion, case fatality, and poor functional outcome in spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, no data are available on the spot sign in spontaneous cerebellar ICH. Methods: We investigated consecutive patients with spontaneous cerebellar ICH at 3 academic hospitals between 2002 and 2017. We determined patient characteristics, hematoma expansion (>33% or 6 mL), rate of expansion, discharge and 90-day case fatality, and functional outcome. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 4 to 6. Associations were tested using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Three hundred fifty-eight patients presented with cerebellar ICH, of whom 181 (51%) underwent a computed tomography angiography. Of these 181 patients, 121 (67%) were treated conservatively of which 15 (12%) had a spot sign. Patients with a spot sign treated conservatively presented with larger hematoma volumes (median [interquartile range]: 26 [7–41] versus 6 [2–13], P =0.001) and higher speed of expansion (median [interquartile range]: 15 [24–3] mL/h versus 1 [5–0] mL/h, P =0.034). In multivariable analysis, presence of the spot sign was independently associated with death at 90 days (odds ratio, 7.6 [95% CI, 1.6–88], P =0.037). With respect to surgically treated patients (n=60, [33%]), 14 (23%) patients who underwent hematoma evacuation had a spot sign. In these 60 patients, patients with a spot sign were older (73.5 [9.2] versus 66.6 [15.4], P =0.047) and more likely to be female (71% versus 37%, P =0.033). In a multivariable analysis, the spot sign was independently associated with death at 90 days (odds ratio, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.1–4.3], P =0.033). Conclusions: In patients with spontaneous cerebellar ICH treated conservatively, the spot sign is associated with speed of hematoma expansion, case fatality, and poor functional outcome. In surgically treated patients, the spot sign is associated with 90-day case fatality.
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Peng, Jie, Sijie Zhang, Keith Refson, and Martin T. Dove. "The ferroelastic phase transition in hydrogen cyanide studied by density functional theory." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 9 (December 16, 2021): 095402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3e1f.
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Abstract We report calculations of the crystal structures and lattice dynamics of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of the molecular crystal hydrogen cyanide, HCN, using density functional theory methods. By treating negative pressure as a proxy for raising temperature we show that the ferroelastic phase transition involves softening of a transverse acoustic mode, and confirm that the phase transition is discontinuous. Analysis of the complete phonon spectrum shows that the acoustic modes are responsible both for the very large thermal expansion seen in HCN and also for the thermodynamic driving force for the phase transition.
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Vartolomei, Aurel-Claudiu, Oana Maria Gansca, and Dan Cosmin Serbanoiu. "Clinico-Statistical Study Concerning the use of Classical Orthodontic Appliances Among Orthodontists." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 27 (September 30, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n27p115.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a statistics on the contemporary use of classical mobile orthodontic appliances, anchorage means and certain procedures (functional exercises) among orthodontic specialists. Material and Methods: The present study was based on a questionary comprising 15 questions addressed to 55 postgraduate, specialist and senior orthodontists concernig the use of classical orthodontic methods. The questionary was delivered online by means of Google Forms and intermediated by the National Dentists‘ Association of Tirgu Mures, Romania. The sole inclusion criteria was the specialty of orthodontics. Results: 92,7% of the orthodontists use removable appliances (palatal plate with expansion screw), 90,9 % recommend functional exercises (correct palatal tongue placement), 89,1% exploit space maintainers, 87,3% provide lingual cribs for functional reeducation, 80% apply functional devices and the Goshgarian arch as an anchorage method, 72,2% use the Delaire mask and 69,8% the headgear and 58,2 apply the Hawley plate as a contention mean. Conclusions: A very high percentage of resident, specialist and senior doctors utilize classical removable and functional appliances and methods.
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Schwartz, Ilsa, David V. Martini, Gady Har-El, Joseph McPhee, and Frank E. Lucente. "Rapid Intraoperative Facial Nerve Expansion." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 4 (April 1996): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670254-1.
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The repair of nerve length defect presents a reconstructive challenge after trauma and oncologic resection. This study examined rapid intraoperative nerve expansion as a method of repairing nerve length defects with the cat facial nerve model. We compared expanded nerves with grafted nerves and intact nerves 1 year after repair using the criteria of gross function (symmetry and blink reflex according to a modified House scale), electromyography thresholds, nerve-conduction velocity, morphology, and axon count. Three of the five expanded nerves regenerated, and all of the grafted nerves regenerated. Functional results were similar for the regenerated expanded and the grafted facial nerves, and both methods achieved an equivalent level of function. The facial nerves of the regenerated expanded group, grafted group, and intact group had mean electromyography thresholds of 132 mV, 98 mV, and 134 mV, respectively, and mean conduction velocities of 48.3 mg/second, 47.9 m/second, and 44.7 m/second, respectively. Morphologic examination of all five expanded nerves immediately after the expansion process revealed an intact fascicular structure. However, 1 year after excision of the expanded segment and repair, only three of the five nerves regenerated. Axon count at 1 year was as follows: 404 for the regenerated expanded nerves, 449 for the grafted nerves, and 403 for the intact nerves. The potential advantages of rapid intraoperative nerve expansion over nerve grafting for the repair of nerve gap defects include a single suture line and absence of donor site morbidity. This pilot study demonstrates that rapid intraoperative nerve expansion and regeneration is possible and can be used to repair a nerve length deficit. The development of a rapid and reliable method of intraoperative nerve expansion deserves further study.
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Dogonowski, Anne-Marie, Hartwig R. Siebner, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Xingchen Wu, Bharat Biswal, Olaf B. Paulson, Tim B. Dyrby, Arnold Skimminge, Morten Blinkenberg, and Kristoffer H. Madsen. "Expanded functional coupling of subcortical nuclei with the motor resting-state network in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, no. 5 (September 25, 2012): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458512460416.
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) impairs signal transmission along cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connections, affecting functional integration within the motor network. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during motor tasks has revealed altered functional connectivity in MS, but it is unclear how much motor disability contributed to these abnormal functional interaction patterns. Objective: To avoid any influence of impaired task performance, we examined disease-related changes in functional motor connectivity in MS at rest. Methods: A total of 42 patients with MS and 30 matched controls underwent a 20-minute resting-state fMRI session at 3 Tesla. Independent component analysis was applied to the fMRI data to identify disease-related changes in motor resting-state connectivity. Results: Patients with MS showed a spatial expansion of motor resting-state connectivity in deep subcortical nuclei but not at the cortical level. The anterior and middle parts of the putamen, adjacent globus pallidus, anterior and posterior thalamus and the subthalamic region showed stronger functional connectivity with the motor network in the MS group compared with controls. Conclusion: MS is characterised by more widespread motor connectivity in the basal ganglia while cortical motor resting-state connectivity is preserved. The expansion of subcortical motor resting-state connectivity in MS indicates less efficient funnelling of neural processing in the executive motor cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops.
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Popescu, V. A., I. M. Popescu, and M. Jitaru. "The successive perturbation method in the various orders of perturbation." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 1476–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-212.
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We consider the case where the radius of convergence of the perturbation expansion can be related to a "crossing" of two energy levels in the complex plane of the interaction parameter. This case is suitable for the comparison of the performance of the successive perturbation method with those of the Padé, Borel–Padé, and the variational functional methods.
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Kamanroodi Kojuri, Musa, KAMRAN Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri, Ali Janbazi, and Farhad Azizpour. "Urban sprawl functional-structural changes in neighborhood settlements: Case of study Shiraz." Indonesian Journal of Geography 52, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.41303.
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Sprawl is one of the forms of expansion that has entered the literature of urban management and planning in the last half-century. Iranian cities are very good example for city sprawl and they have experienced this kind of expansion in very short period and very fast. This paper aims to identify, describe, and analyze Shiraz scatter and sprawl development and its resulting functional-structure, this research is based on exploratory, descriptive and analytical methods. Data collection in this research is through the secondary data and fieldwork research techniques. Data analysis demands descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson regression correlation). This study suggests that since 1952 Shiraz city has experienced rapid growth, continuous and non-continuous. The proportion of scatter and sprawl development with respect to Shiraz expansion increased from 22.02 in 1957-1967 to 72.8 in 1977-2007. There are three period the first rapid development between 1957 and 2967 after that 5 years gap and the next period which is longer from 30 years between 1977 and 2007. This turning points is in two specific periods are as the result of some consequences: Conversion of agricultural function as a predominant economic function in neighboring communities, into multi-functional agricultural function with emphasis upon services; of some of the rural settlements into Shiraz; The development of extended spatial, administrative, economic, social and structural changes in residential part of Shiraz. Therefore, socioeconomic activities are the main cause of urban sprawl in Shiraz and made Shiraz the most attractive place for in Fars Province. Population growth with correlation between degree of Shiraz scatter development and number of people engaged to service sector by 0.9 has caused a dramatically decline in agriculture (-0.8) and industry (-0.811) sectors. As result rapid urban population growth rate correlation by (0.127) and urbanization coefficient (0.726) and it shows urban and rural migration very important role on scatter development.
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Yamazaki, Sayuri, Tomonori Iyoda, Kristin Tarbell, Kara Olson, Klara Velinzon, Kayo Inaba, and Ralph M. Steinman. "Direct Expansion of Functional CD25+ CD4+ Regulatory T Cells by Antigen-processing Dendritic Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 198, no. 2 (July 21, 2003): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20030422.
Full textAbstract:
An important pathway for immune tolerance is provided by thymic-derived CD25+ CD4+ T cells that suppress other CD25− autoimmune disease–inducing T cells. The antigen-presenting cell (APC) requirements for the control of CD25+ CD4+ suppressor T cells remain to be identified, hampering their study in experimental and clinical situations. CD25+ CD4+ T cells are classically anergic, unable to proliferate in response to mitogenic antibodies to the T cell receptor complex. We now find that CD25+ CD4+ T cells can proliferate in the absence of added cytokines in culture and in vivo when stimulated by antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs), especially mature DCs. With high doses of DCs in culture, CD25+ CD4+ and CD25− CD4+ populations initially proliferate to a comparable extent. With current methods, one third of the antigen-reactive T cell receptor transgenic T cells enter into cycle for an average of three divisions in 3 d. The expansion of CD25+ CD4+ T cells stops by day 5, in the absence or presence of exogenous interleukin (IL)-2, whereas CD25− CD4+ T cells continue to grow. CD25+ CD4+ T cell growth requires DC–T cell contact and is partially dependent upon the production of small amounts of IL-2 by the T cells and B7 costimulation by the DCs. After antigen-specific expansion, the CD25+ CD4+ T cells retain their known surface features and actively suppress CD25− CD4+ T cell proliferation to splenic APCs. DCs also can expand CD25+ CD4+ T cells in the absence of specific antigen but in the presence of exogenous IL-2. In vivo, both steady state and mature antigen-processing DCs induce proliferation of adoptively transferred CD25+ CD4+ T cells. The capacity to expand CD25+ CD4+ T cells provides DCs with an additional mechanism to regulate autoimmunity and other immune responses.
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Graça, Inês Carolina, Inês Francisco, Adriana Guimarães, Francisco Caramelo, and Francisco Vale. "Condylar Changes after Maxillary Expansion in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate—A Three-Dimensional Retrospective Study." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020073.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The presence of posterior crossbite can trigger aesthetic and functional changes as mandibular asymmetry in individuals, contributing to asymmetrical muscle function. Mandibular asymmetry and respective condyle adaptation may be an etiological factor in temporomandibular disorder. This study aims to evaluate the effects of maxillary expansion on the position and angulation of the condyles as well as the intercondylar distance in children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: Twenty-five individuals with cleft lip and palate who underwent maxillary expansion were selected. Condylar changes were evaluated by cone beam computed tomography using the Pullinger and Hollender formula. To determine the statistically significant differences between the variables, the Student t-test and the Benjamini–Hochberg correction method for multiple comparisons were used. Results: No statistically significant differences between angulation and condylar position before and after maxillary expansion were found. The intercondylar distance tended to increase in growing individuals with cleft lip and palate after maxillary expansion. Conclusions: Intercondylar distance shows a tendency to increase after expansion regardless of the cleft phenotype. No differences were found in angulation and condylar position with the changes in occlusion resulting from maxillary expansion.
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Juanes, Marcos, Rizalina Tama Saragi, Cristóbal Pérez, Luca Evangelisti, Lourdes Enríquez, Martín Jaraíz, and Alberto Lesarri. "Hydrogen Bonding in the Dimer and Monohydrate of 2-Adamantanol: A Test Case for Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Methods." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082584.
Full textAbstract:
Weakly-bound intermolecular clusters constitute reductionist physical models for non-covalent interactions. Here we report the observation of the monomer, the dimer and the monohydrate of 2-adamantanol, a secondary alcohol with a bulky ten-carbon aliphatic skeleton. The molecular species were generated in a supersonic jet expansion and characterized using broadband chirped-pulse microwave spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz frequency region. Two different gauche-gauche O-H···O hydrogen-bonded isomers were observed for the dimer of 2-adamantanol, while a single isomer was observed for the monomer and the monohydrate. The experimental rotational parameters were compared with molecular orbital calculations using density functional theory (B3LYP-D3(BJ), B2PLYP-D3(BJ), CAM-B3LYP-D3(BJ), ωB97XD), additionally providing energetic and electron density characterization. The shallow potential energy surface makes the dimer an interesting case study to benchmark dispersion-corrected computational methods and conformational search procedures.
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Caccianiga, Gianluigi, Antonino Lo Giudice, Alessio Paiusco, Marco Portelli, Angela Militi, Marco Baldoni, and Riccardo Nucera. "Maxillary Orthodontic Expansion Assisted by Unilateral Alveolar Corticotomy and Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Novel Approach for Correction of a Posterior Unilateral Cross-Bite in Adults." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 6, 2019): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2019.36.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The treatment of a true unilateral posterior crossbite often requires asymmetric maxillary expansion; however, this is challenging to achieve with conventional expansion methods because of several biomechanical limitations. In this paper, we introduce a new protocol for the treatment of a unilateral posterior crossbite in adults based on maxillary orthodontic expansion assisted by corticotomy and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) performed on the crossbite side. Methods: The study sample included 15 adults (8 females, 7 males) affected by a true unilateral posterior crossbite, with a mean age of 21.6 ± 3.1 years at the at the beginning of treatment. After the application of orthodontic appliances (palatal expander and self-ligating brackets), corticomy was performed at the buccal aspect of the crossbite side while LLLT was monthly administered up to the correction of the crossbite. The efficacy of the technique was evaluated through measurements performed on maxillary digital models. Results: All subjects reported successful correction of the posterior unilateral crossbite, and functional occlusion was achieved as well. The average expansion was greater at the crossbite side compared to the unaffected side and such difference was significant at the levels of first premolars (P < 0.05), second premolars (P < 0.05) and first molars (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic maxillary expansion assisted by unilateral corticotomy and LLLT was effective in the treatment of the true unilateral crossbite.