Academic literature on the topic 'Functional Decode and Forward'
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Journal articles on the topic "Functional Decode and Forward"
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Islam, Shama N., Salman Durrani, and Parastoo Sadeghi. "A novel user pairing scheme for functional decode-and-forward multi-way relay network." Physical Communication 17 (December 2015): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2015.08.009.
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Benedict, Ralph H. B., John DeLuca, Christian Enzinger, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Lauren B. Krupp, and Stephen M. Rao. "Neuropsychology of Multiple Sclerosis: Looking Back and Moving Forward." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23, no. 9-10 (October 2017): 832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717000959.
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AbstractThe neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) have evolved over the past three decades. What was once thought to be a rare occurrence, cognitive dysfunction is now viewed as one of the most disabling symptoms of the disease, with devastating effects on patients’ quality of life. This selective review will highlight major innovations and scientific discoveries in the areas of neuropathology, neuroimaging, diagnosis, and treatment that pertain to our understanding of the neuropsychological aspects of MS. Specifically, we focus on the recent discovery that MS produces pathogical lesions of gray matter (GM) that have consequences for cognitive functions. Methods for imaging these GM lesions in MS are discussed along with multimodal imaging studies that integrate structural and functional imaging methods to provide a better understanding of the relationship between cognitive test performance and functional reserve. Innovations in the screening and comprehensive assessment of cognitive disorders are presented along with recent research that examines cognitive dysfunction in pediatric MS. Results of innovative outcome studies in cognitive rehabilitation are discussed. Finally, we highlight trends for potential future innovations over the next decade. (JINS, 2017, 23, 832–842)
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Perez, David L., Mark J. Edwards, Glenn Nielsen, Kasia Kozlowska, Mark Hallett, and W. Curt LaFrance, Jr. "Decade of progress in motor functional neurological disorder: continuing the momentum." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323953.
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Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a prevalent, disabling and costly condition at the neurology–psychiatry intersection. After being marginalised in the late 20th century, there has been renewed interest in this field. In this article, we review advances that have occurred over the past decade (2011–2020) across diagnosis, mechanisms, aetiologies, treatments and stigma in patients with motor FND (mFND, that is, functional movement disorder and functional limb weakness). In each content area, we also discuss the implications of recent advances and suggest future directions that will help continue the momentum of the past decade. In diagnosis, a major advance has been the emphasis on rule-in physical signs that are specific for hyperkinetic and hypokinetic functional motor symptoms. Mechanistically, greater importance has been given to determining ‘how’ functional neurological symptoms develop, highlighting roles for misdirected attention, expectation and self-agency, as well as abnormal influences of emotion/threat processing brain areas on motor control circuits. Aetiologically, while roles for adverse life experiences remain of interest in mFND, there is recognition of other aetiologic contributors, and efforts are needed to investigate links between aetiological factors and mechanisms. This decade has seen the first randomised controlled trials for physiotherapy, multidisciplinary rehabilitation and psychotherapy performed in the field, with consensus recommendations for physiotherapy, occupational therapy and outcome measures also published. Across patients, clinicians, healthcare systems and society, stigma remains a major concern. While challenges persist, a patient-centred integrated clinical neuroscience approach is primed to carry forward the momentum of the past decade into the future.
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Ra’ouf, Zainab Huseen, Rana Mazin Mahdi, and Enas Salim Abdulahhad. "Al-Shanshul eventionality in the architecture of the first decade of the 21st century." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.2.014.
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The paper studies the concept of Shanshul as an architectural concept rooted in the Islamic world and the countries of the East with two functional and aesthetic dimensions of equal importance which contributed to its formulation as an event, But a new techniques have emerged to try to create a new image that Western architectural experiences have adopted and moved on to local Arab architectural experiences, Research Problem emerged as a lack of clarity of the role of contemporary technologies in the introduction of a new image of the Shanshul as a multidimensional event, , and the research defined its methodology to reach its goal and ending with its conclusions. It highlighted the depth of the global and Arab experience, which tried to maintain the approximate balance of the aesthetic and functional dimensions, the research concluded the ability of the Shanshul to find the balance of functional and aesthetic dimensions by reverting to their founding principles and pushing them forward through contemporary materials in a unified and coherent structure.
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Shuai, Mengxia, Nenghai Yu, Hongxia Wang, Ling Xiong, and Yue Li. "A Lightweight Three-Factor Anonymous Authentication Scheme With Privacy Protection for Personalized Healthcare Applications." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 33, no. 3 (May 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.20210501.oa1.
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Security and privacy issues in wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs) have attracted lots of attention in both academia and industry due to the sensitiveness of medical system. In the past decade, extensive research has been carried out on these security issues, but no single study exists that addresses them adequately, especially for some important security properties, such as user anonymity and forward secrecy. As a step towards this direction, in this paper, the authors propose a lightweight three-factor anonymous authentication scheme with forward secrecy for personalized healthcare applications using only the lightweight cryptographic primitives. The proposed scheme adopts pseudonym identity technique to protect users' real identities and employs one-way hash chain technique to ensure forward secrecy. Analysis and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can not only reduce execution time by 34% as compared with the most effective related schemes, but also achieve more security and functional features.
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Gao, Wei, Weili Lin, Karen Grewen, and John H. Gilmore. "Functional Connectivity of the Infant Human Brain." Neuroscientist 23, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858416635986.
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Infancy is a critical and immensely important period in human brain development. Subtle changes during this stage may be greatly amplified with the unfolding of different developmental processes, exerting far-reaching consequences. Studies of the structure and behavioral manifestations of the infant brain are fruitful. However, the specific functional brain mechanisms that enable the execution of different behaviors remained elusive until the advent of functional connectivity fMRI (fcMRI), which provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe the infant functional brain development in vivo. Since its inception, a burgeoning field of infant brain functional connectivity study has emerged and thrived during the past decade. In this review, we describe (1) findings of normal development of functional connectivity networks and their relationships to behaviors and (2) disruptions of the normative functional connectivity development due to identifiable genetic and/or environmental risk factors during the first 2 years of human life. Technical considerations of infant fcMRI are also provided. It is our hope to consolidate previous findings so that the field can move forward with a clearer picture toward the ultimate goal of fcMRI-based objective methods for early diagnosis/identification of risks and evaluation of early interventions to optimize developing functional connectivity networks in this critical developmental window.
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Luo, Xiangang, Mingbo Pu, Fei Zhang, Mingfeng Xu, Yinghui Guo, Xiong Li, and Xiaoliang Ma. "Vector optical field manipulation via structural functional materials: Tutorial." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 18 (May 14, 2022): 181101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089859.
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Vector optical field (VOF) manipulation greatly extended the boundaries of traditional scalar optics over the past decades. Meanwhile, the newly emerging techniques enabled by structural functional optical materials have driven the research domain into the subwavelength regime, where abundant new physical phenomena and technologies have been discovered and exploited for practical applications. In this Tutorial, we outline the basic principles, methodologies, and applications of VOF via structural functional materials. Among various technical routes, we focus on the metasurface-based approaches, which show obvious advantages regarding the design flexibility, the compactness of systems, and the overall performances. Both forward and inverse design methods based on the rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations are presented, which provide a valuable basis for future researchers. Finally, we discuss the generalized optical laws and conventions based on VOF manipulation. The applications in optical imaging, communications, precision measurement, laser fabrication, etc. are highlighted.
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Neill, Thomas, Simone Buraschi, Atul Goyal, Catherine Sharpe, Elizabeth Natkanski, Liliana Schaefer, Andrea Morrione, and Renato V. Iozzo. "EphA2 is a functional receptor for the growth factor progranulin." Journal of Cell Biology 215, no. 5 (November 30, 2016): 687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201603079.
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Although the growth factor progranulin was discovered more than two decades ago, the functional receptor remains elusive. Here, we discovered that EphA2, a member of the large family of Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinases, is a functional signaling receptor for progranulin. Recombinant progranulin bound with high affinity to EphA2 in both solid phase and solution. Interaction of progranulin with EphA2 caused prolonged activation of the receptor, downstream stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt, and promotion of capillary morphogenesis. Furthermore, we found an autoregulatory mechanism of progranulin whereby a feed-forward loop occurred in an EphA2-dependent manner that was independent of the endocytic receptor sortilin. The discovery of a functional signaling receptor for progranulin offers a new avenue for understanding the underlying mode of action of progranulin in cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis, and perhaps neurodegenerative diseases.
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Muhammad Imran Majeed, Syed, and Aisha Mohyuddin. "Human Genetic Research in Pakistan: Challenges and Way forward." Life and Science 2, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.182.
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The 90s ushered in the era of molecular genetics in Pakistan. Our centuries’ old tradition of consanguineous marriages, resulting in the availability of large, inbred families with inherited disorders, proved to be a goldmine for geneticists, working to discover new genes and their functions. A multitude of novel genes with previously unknown functions were discovered through genetic linkage analysis, a technique that compares the segregations of DNA markers in normal and affected family members to pinpoint the region that contains the suspect gene. The first few landmark publications on linkage analysis in genetic diseases, from Pakistan, identified only the regions harboring the suspected disease genes.1,2 As the field advanced, disease causing mutations segregating in affected family members were identified through Sanger DNA sequencing of candidate genes in the linked region. In the last decade, the advent of high throughput techniques such as whole exome analysis and animal disease modeling, functional genomics studies became an integral of part of such genetic studies. In addition, bioinformatics tools were developed for predictive modeling of the effect of mutations on protein structure.
The analysis of a single large multigenerational family with a genetic disorder could provide the same information that would be obtained from many small nuclear families, as usually found in developed countries. This allowed Pakistani researchers to attract collaborators from Universities around the world. DNA samples of numerous Pakistani families were sent to labs across the world for analysis, many times accompanied by a PhD student who would typically spend around six months working on those families. Universities developed efficient pipelines, whereby students would find families with genetic diseases, extract DNA and carry out linkage analysis and, in some cases, identify the gene mutations using Sanger sequencing. This led to a significant increase in the number of publications on genetics, from Pakistan. However, despite all the good work carried in the country, no credible effort had been made to build national capacity to carry the work beyond initial mutation screening.
We lack the ability to conduct good quality high through put –omics analysis and animal model studies within the country. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the cost of such research is prohibitive. While some institutes have invested in next generation sequencing platforms, these machines are largely underutilized due to high cost of consumables. Lack of adequate funding for reagents, required for genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies, is a major roadblock. Secondly, the ease in attracting foreign collaborators to carry out the functional studies in their labs, has made many Pakistani researchers complacent, often, they are happy to be co-authors in research papers without having to go through the pains to set up the required laboratory facilities. Lastly, the bureaucratic processes and red tape, especially in public sector Universities, make procurement of chemicals and consumables, tedious and time consuming, resulting in demotivation of researchers and faculty. There is a need to address these issues, if we wish to move towards self-sufficiency in conducting high level functional genomics and stem the flow of biological samples from Pakistan.
While genetic studies in Pakistan have resulted in the discovery of many novel genes, the benefit of these studies is yet to trickle down to the patients. The willingness of the affected families to participate in these studies is crucial. Many affected families belong to far flung rural areas and have no understanding of their disease, how it is inherited or the implications of participating in such research. It is unlikely that families participating in these studies have any immediate benefits and they should be informed at the time of recruitment using common language which they are able to understand. The role of Institutional Ethics and Review Boards, for the protection of study participants and their rights, needs to be strengthened. It is important not to abandon these families after sample collection but to relay the results of the study and counsel them regarding their future options.
Despite the rapid advances in genetic medical knowledge, our population has yet to reap its benefits. A small step in right direction is the Compulsory Blood Test of the Relatives of Thalassemia Patient Bill-2017, which makes it compulsory for couples to get tested before marrying. However, the scarcity of gene testing facilities and healthcare professionals trained in clinical genetics is an impediment to the implementation of this bill in the true spirit. It is becoming imperative to educate our healthcare professionals regarding the application of genetics to medical practice. Clinical genetics and its related competencies need to be recognized as medical specialties in the country, before they can be introduced into mainstream clinical practice to improve health outcomes of our affected families.
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Afsar, Bijan, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Md Azree Othuman Mydin, and Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof. "Perceived Pedestrian Environment Functional Factors which are Associated with Walking in Tropical University Campus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.161.
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During the last decade transportation in Malaysia has been changed and stepped forward into motorized-transportation. However, Malaysian government started to move toward sustainable society, which sustainable transportation is one of the parts. University Putra Malaysia’s (UPM) Serdang campus is mainly dependent on the personal cars and shuttle buses. Furthermore, routes in the campus mainly planned for the vehicles rather than pedestrians and cyclists. This study was trying to examinefunctional factors that encourage UPM’s students to do pedestrian activities in the campus.In this study quantitative method through questionnaire survey has selected to assess the variables on a sample of subject. The result showed that students were more looking for accessibility and connectivity, and they were more expected to have particularly pedestrian shortcuts. This research can be helpful for the UPM’s policy makers and master planners to facilitate in documenting pedestrian environment literature, as well as help urban designers and city planners to have a deeper perspective of pedestrian perceptions and opinions in tropical climate and particularly Malaysia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functional Decode and Forward"
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Tang, Yao. "Partial decode-forward in relay networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121541.
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Cooperative transmission acts as a distributed solution for providing robust wireless communications. It pools available resources, such as power and bandwidth, across the network. The relay network is the simplest information theoretic model for a cooperative wireless network and a full understanding of communication limits over such a network can potentially shed light on the design of more efficient wireless networks. However, the capacity of the relay network is still unknown. As a step towards the goal of calculating the capacity, we derive the capacity bounds for a single-source single-destination relay network based on partial decode-forward. In the first part of the thesis, we review existing bounds on the capacity of the discrete memoryless relay channel. We also review decode-forward and partial decode-forward in the relay network. In the second part of the thesis, we first introduce a discrete memoryless relay network model consisting of one source, one destination and N relays. We then design a scheme based on partial decode-forward relaying. The source splits its message into one common part and N+1 private parts which are to be decoded at different relays. The source encodessplit message parts using length-N block Markov coding, in which each private message part is independently superimposed on the common parts of the current and N previous blocks. Using joint sliding window decoding, each relay fully recovers the common message part and its intended private message part with the same block index, then forwards them together to the following nodes in the next block. We derive the achievable rate of this scheme in a compact form. The result is a generalization of and can be particularized to a known decode-forward lower bound for an N-relay network and partial decode-forward lower bound for a two-relay network. We then apply our proposed scheme to a Gaussian relay network and obtain its capacity lower bound considering power constraints at transmitting nodes. In the third part of the thesis, we introduce the concept of exhaustive message splitting for partial decode-forward in a single-source single-destination relay network with N relays, in which the relays are divided into subsets, and each different relay subset has a distinct private message part to decode. We study this scheme in more depth in a three-relay network based on block Markov encoding. We derive its achievable rate. Finally, we apply this scheme to a Gaussian three-relay network and show that our scheme generalizes network decode-forward and the private message splitting scheme as shown in the second part.La transmission coopérative agit comme étant une solution diffusée, permettant de fournir une communication sans fil très robuste. Elle regroupe les ressources disponibles, comme la puissance et la bande passante, à travers le réseau. Le réseau à relais est le modèle théorique le plus simple pour un réseau sans fil coopératif et la compréhension des limites de communication à travers de ce réseau permet potentiellement de saisir la conception d'un réseau sans fil plus efficace. Par contre, la capacité du réseau à relais est encore inconnue. Dans cette thèse, nous adressons la conception du schéma du decode-forward partiel dans un réseau à relais ayant une source et une destination unique. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous révisons le réseau à relais. Nous révisons aussi le decode-forward ainsi que le decode-forward partiel dans les réseaux à relais. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous introduisons un réseau à relais sans mémoire composé d'une source, d'une destination et de relais N. Par la suite, nous concevons un schéma à partir du réseau decode-forward partiel. La source divise son message en une partie commune et en parties privées N+1 qui sont destinées à des relais différents. La source code les parties du message divisé en utilisant le codage length-N black Markov, dans lequel chaque partie du message privé est superposé indépendamment sur les parties communes du bloc actuel et des blocs précédents N. En utilisant le décodage conjoint fenetre coulissante, chaque relais récupère la partie du message commune et sa partie du message privé ayant le même index bloc, et les envoi par la suite ensemble aux nœuds du bloc suivant. Nous dérivons son taux réalisable dans un format compact. Le résultat permet de réduire la borne inférieure connue du decode-forward d'un réseau à N-relais et la borne inférieure du decode-forward partiel pour un réseau à deux relais. Nous appliquons par la suite notre schéma propositionnel à un réseau à relais gaussien et d'obtenir sa capacité de borne inférieure en prenant en compte les contraints de puissance aux nœuds émetteurs. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, nous introduisons le fractionnement exhaustif des messages pour le decode-forward partiel ayant une source et une destination unique dans un réseau à relais ayant N relais, dans lequel chaque sous-ensemble différent du relais contient un message privé distinct à décoder. Nous étudions profondément ce schéma dans un réseau à trois relais basé sur le codage un bloc Markov. Nous dérivons son taux réalisable. Nous fournissons un graphique orienté qui détaille le superpositionnement de la structure du codebook afin d'aider le lecteur à comprendre la hiérarchie de la génération du codeword. Finalement, nous appliquons ce schéma à un réseau à trois relais gaussien et nous montrons que notre schéma généralise le relais decode-forward et le schéma du fractionnement du message privé comme démontré dans la seconde partie.
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Qian, Chuyi. "Improving spectral efficiency of half-duplex decode-and-forward relay." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665471.
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A fundamental research problem of cooperative half-duplex relaying network is to find its capacity as well as a practical approach in order to achieve the capacity. In this thesis, the state-of-the-art review shows that the achievable rates have been derived as well as a capacity upper bound using max-flow min-cut theorem for the degraded channel with multiple parallel relays. However, the capacity of the relay channel for general case remains unknown. In the literatures, there are several relaying strategies having been developed to push the performance towards the capacity. However, the existing strategies can achieve the desired performance only when the full channel information is available at the source, which causes a large amount of signalling overhead and channel feedback. Another problem for the half-duplex relaying network is that it suffers a loss of spectral efficiency due to the orthogonality requirement for the relay transmission. Half-duplex orthogonal relay often utilizes dedicated resources to help source-to-destination communications, which results in reduced spectral efficiency and under utilization of the allocated bandwidth. The main contributions of this thesis are three-fold: • First, we propose a novel relay selection algorithm based on mixed channel information. The proposed selection algorithm aims to reduce the signalling overhead of modulation-adaptive Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying by exploiting statistical channel information. A novel semi-deterministic approach is proposed to perform joint rate-adaptation and best-relay selection. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can achieve a good trade-off between the spectral efficiency and signalling overhead . ., Second, to mitigate the error propagation effects of DF relaying, we propose a distributed turbo decoding algorithm exploiting the source-relay correlation with reduced complexity. By iteratively updating the decoding output of the turbo decoders, the proposed decoding algorithm can outperform the conventional selective DF relaying. o Third, the relationship between the spectral efficiency and bandwidth dedicated to the relay is theoretically established. It is shown that, with the practical model of users' channel usage, the spectral efficiency is maximized when the relay does not have any dedicated bandwidth. Moreover, this theoretical result is elaborated through extensive investigation of the DF relay adopting various MAC-layer protocols including round robin resource scheduling, best-user selection, incremental relaying employing type II hybrid automatic repeat request, as well as joint channel and power allocation. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that the DF-relay with coordinated spectrum sharing improves the spectral efficiency by at least 50% in comparison with the relay with dedicated bandwidth allocation.
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Maagh, Stefan. "Performance analysis of the HARQ dynamic decode-and-forward protocol." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2015. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/8849.
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The explosive growth of data traffic in wireless communication systems comes together with the urgent need to minimize its environmental and financial impact. Therefore, the main objective in the field of green radio communication is to improve the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems with respect to the future performance demands on the wireless communication infrastructure. In this context, recent research in cooperative and cognitive communication techniques attracts particular attention. While cognitive radio improves spectral efficiency by enhanced spectrum utilization, cooperative communication techniques achieve remarkable gains in spectral efficiency by enabling the terminals to share their resources. In particular, creating virtual multi-antenna arrays by antenna sharing enables exploitation of spatial diversity gains and multiplexing gains within a network of single antenna terminals. This technique is particularly attractive for mobile wireless networks, since power and space constraints often prohibit the integration of multiple antennas into mobile terminals. This work studies the performance of the hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ) dynamic decode-and-forward (DDF) protocol in the half-duplex relay channel. The reason behind exploration of the HARQ-DDF protocol is that it achieves the optimal performance in terms of the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) and the diversity-multiplexing-delay tradeoff(DMDT). However, DMT and DMDT are evaluated as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity. In practice, key performance measures are the fixed-rate outage probability and delay-limited throughput achieved at the SNR expected during operation. To this end, it is common practice to give the performance of the DDF protocol as a function of the source-to-destination channel SNR (SD-SNR). In this dissertation the focus is to study the performance of the HARQ-DDF protocol measured as a function of the SNR as seen at the destination (D-SNR). This approach enables the performance comparison with the HARQ-SISO and the HARQ-MISO protocol from an energy efficiency perspective on the system level. Furthermore, a novel variant of the HARQ-MISO protocol, the hybrid repeat-with-diversity-request (HARDQ) MISO protocol, is introduced. Considering outage probability as measure of reliability, closed-form solutions and simulation results show that the HARDQ-MISO and the HARQ-DDF protocol outperform the HARQ-MISO protocol from an energy efficiency point of view. From a delay-limited throughput point of view the HARQ-MISO protocol is beneficial. It is demonstrated that code-rate assignment allows to achieve significant performance gains in terms of delay-limited throughput. Furthermore, reducing the decoding cost using code-rate assignment techniques comes together with only negligible performance loss.
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Elmorshedy, Lina. "RF energy harvesting in a decode-and-forward wireless relay network." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57607.
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Wireless communication has experienced tremendous growth over the past three decades. This led to the development of many novel technologies aimed at enhancing the system performance due to the limited availability of radio resources. Cooperative relaying is a promising technology which enhances transmission reliability using simple hardware. However, the extra power consumed for the process of information relaying may be an issue. Recent advances in wireless energy transfer have made it possible for self-sustainable relays that power themselves by capturing ambient energy wirelessly. In this thesis we focus on two technologies, namely, cooperative relaying which enhances the energy efficiency and reliability by allowing multi-hop communication with low power nodes, and Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting which obviates the need for a battery by capturing the ambient RF energy and using it as a source power.
In the first part of the thesis, we study RF energy harvesting in a Decode-and-Forward (DF) Wireless Relay Network (WRN) in the presence of an interferer node. We consider the Time Switching Relaying (TSR) protocol, the Power Splitting Relaying (PSR) protocol and we propose a new hybrid TSR-PSR protocol. We derive expressions for the outage probability and throughput in the delay-sensitive transmission mode for the three relaying protocols, and compare their performances. For simplicity, we neglect the energy harvested from the interferer signal. In the second part, we study the general case in which we include the effect of harvesting energy from the interferer signal. Expressions for the outage probability and throughput in the delay-sensitive transmission mode are derived for the three relaying protocols. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of including RF energy harvesting from the interferer. In the third part, we study shared and non-shared power allocation schemes for a two-hop DF WRN with multiple source-destination pairs. The pairs communicate via a single relay which harvests RF energy from the source transmissions in the presence of an interfering signal. The studied schemes are compared in terms of outage probability, throughput in the delay-sensitive transmission mode and fairness.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Kumar, Kuldeep. "Optimized Constellation Mappings for Adaptive Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks using BICM-ID." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581817.
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In this paper, we investigate an adaptive decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative diversity scheme based on bit interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID). Data bits are first encoded by using a convolutional code and the coded bits after an interleaver are modulated before transmission. Iterative decoding is used at the receiver. Optimized constellation mapping is designed jointly for the source and the relay using a genetic algorithm. A novel error performance analysis for the adaptive DF scheme using BICM-ID is proposed. The simulation results agree well with the analytical results at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). More than 5.8 dB gain in terms of SNR over the existing mappings is achieved with proposed mappings.
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Farhat, Jamil de Araujo. "Eficiência energética e throughput seguros em decode-and-forward seletivo com alocação de potência distribuída." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1368.
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Investiga-se a eficiência energética e o throughput seguros em sistemas de comunicações sem fio cooperativos, em que um par de usuários legítimos (Alice e Bob) são auxiliados por um nó relay e em que a comunicação ocorre na presença de um espião passivo (Eve). Diversos protocolos cooperativos são comparados em relação a estas medidas e se utiliza um algoritmo iterativo e distribuído, baseado no algoritmo Dinkelbach, para alocação de potência entre Alice e o relay. A alocação de potência é utilizada visando maximizar a eficiência energética segura, medida em bits seguros/J/Hz, ou o throughput seguro, medido em bits seguros/s/Hz. Em relação aos protocolos, consideramos o caso onde Alice tem conhecimento perfeito do estado instantâneo do canal apenas em relação aos usuários legítimos. Desta forma, empregamos o protocolo Decode-and-Forward Seletivo (SDF), que realiza a escolha entre o melhor tipo de comunicação entre Alice e Bob (comunicação direta ou cooperativa) de forma a aumentar a segurança do sistema. Para comparação, consideramos outros esquemas clássicos de cooperação como o Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward Fixo (DF) e o Cooperative Jamming (CJ). Nossos resultados demostram que o SDF supera o AF, o DF e o CJ em grande parte das situações. Contudo, quando a taxa de transmissão aumenta ou quando Eve está muito próxima aos nós legítimos, o CJ apresenta um melhor desempenho.We investigate the secure energy efficiency and throughput in cooperative wireless communications systems, in which a pair of legitimate users (Alice and Bob) are assisted by a relay node and the communication occurs in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). Several cooperative protocols are compared with respect to these measures and we use of an iterative and distributed algorithm, based on Dinkelbach algorithm, to allocate power between Alice and the relay. The power allocation is performed in order to increase the secure energy efficiency, measured in secure bits/J/Hz, or secure throughput, measured in secure bits/s/Hz. About the protocols, we consider the case where Alice has perfect knowledge only about the instantaneous channel state of the legitimate channel. So, we employ a Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF) protocol, which chooses the best type of communication between Alice and Bob (direct or cooperative communication) in order to improve security. For comparison, we consider other classical cooperative schemes such as the Amplify-and-Forward (AF), the Fixed Decode-and-Forward (DF) and the Cooperative Jamming (CJ). Our results show that SDF outperforms AF, DF and CJ in most situations. However, when the transmit rate increases or when Eve is close to the legitimate nodes, CJ has a better performance.
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Elsaid, Lubna A. "PHYSICAL-LAYER SECURITY WITH FULL-DUPLEX DECODE-AND-FORWARD RELAYING: SECRECY RATES AND POWER ALLOCATION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1467375632.
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Boostanimehr, Hamidreza. "Selective subcarrier pairing and power allocation for decode-and-forward OFDM relay systems with perfect and partial CSI." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28119.
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This thesis investigates a decode-and-forward two-hop relaying system consisting of one source, one relay and one destination, in which orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is used. The relay forwards the message received from the source on a subset of available subcarriers in the second time slot. Firstly, a subcarrier pairing and selection algorithm is proposed, assuming that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available at all nodes, then, power is allocated to both the source and relay stations under individual power constraints in order to maximize the capacity. Secondly, subcarrier selection and pairing, and power allocation (PA) under partial CSI assumption along with individual power constraints are addressed. The result is a novel distributed algorithm with low complexity maximizing the expected value of capacity at the source and relay nodes. Finally, the simulation results show that selective relaying combined with subcarrier pairing and PA improves the system capacity to a considerable extent in both perfect and partial CSI cases.
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Xue, Q. (Qiang). "Analysis of near-optimal relaying schemes for wireless tandem and multicast relay networks." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210988.
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Abstract This thesis is devoted to studying two wireless relay network models, namely wireless tandem multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) relay networks and wireless two-hop multicast relay networks. Regarding wireless tandem MIMO relay networks, we develop a systematic approach to analyze their fundamental diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) under the assumption that the relays implement a class of practical full-duplex techniques that enable them to opt for either full-duplex or half-duplex mode. Based on the analysis, we make contribution from the following aspects: First of all, we thoroughly compare the performance of full-duplex and half-duplex mode operations in the framework of wireless tandem relay networks. We find that both full-duplex and half-duplex modes have opportunity to outperform each other. Specifically, for many tandem relay networks, in the low multiplexing gain region, the best relay-mode configuration is to let all the relays operate in half-duplex mode since this relay-mode configuration achieves the best diversity gain in the low multiplexing gain region. However, in the high multiplexing gain region, the best diversity gain is usually achieved by switching some relays to full-duplex mode. Furthermore, we study how residual interference at relays working in full-duplex mode affects the DMT of a tandem network. We find that residual interference not only derogates the performance of full-duplex mode, but also affects the optimal power allocation of the network. Specifically, if residual interference is zero or has a sufficiently low power level, a linear power allocation scheme can achieve the optimal DMT of the network. Otherwise, the optimal DMT is achieved by a nonlinear power allocation scheme. Finally, the DMT analysis illustrates an effective principle to deal with general multi-hop wireless networks, which is to break them down into small scale subnetworks with certain key structures. Then, studying the general multi-hop wireless networks essentially becomes studying those small scale subnetworks and the relationship among them. Regarding wireless two-hop multicast relay networks, we focus on a case study where a single source multicasts to two destinations through the assistance of two relays. We propose and analyze the performance of a partial decode-and-forward protocol for the network, which includes the full decode-and-forward protocol as a special case and achieves a better performance in general. Specifically, we prove that the achievable rate of the partial decode-and-forward protocol can either reach arbitrarily close to the cut-set upper bound of the network or reach within 1 bit/s/Hz to that, asymptotically with respect to the transmit power. We also show that the partial decode-and-forward protocol can achieve the optimal DMT of the network. Then, we discuss the perspective of implementing the partial decode-and-forward strategy to more general multicast relay networksTiivistelmä Tämä opinnäytetyö tutkii kahta langatonta välitysverkkomallia, nimittäin langatonta tandem multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) välitysverkkoa ja langatonta monilähetysvälitysverkkoa kahdelle hypylle. Kehitämme systemaattisen lähestymistavan diversiteetti-multipleksointi vaihtokaupan (DMT) analysointiin langattomiin tandem MIMO välitysverkkoihin, olettaen välittäjien käyttävän käytännöllisiä full-duplex lähetystekniikoita, jotka mahdollistavat valinnan joko full-duplex tai half-duplex lähetystilan välillä. Analyysin perusteella kontribuoimme seuraavilla tavoilla: Ensinnäkin, vertailemme perusteellisesti full-duplex sekä half-duplex lähetystiloja langattomissa tandem välitysverkoissa. Huomaamme, että molemmat full-duplex ja half-duplex lähetystilat voivat suoriutua toinen toistaan paremmin. Tarkemmin sanoen, monissa tandem välitysverkoissa silloin kun multipleksoinnin hyöty on alhainen, paras välitystapa on antaa kaikkien välittäjien käyttää half-duplex lähetystilaa, koska silloin saavutetaan paras diversiteettilisäys. Toisaalta, kun multipleksointilisäys on suuri, paras diversiteettilisäys saadaan yleensä asettamalla jotkin välittäjät full-duplex lähetystilaan. Lisäksi, tutkimme kuinka full-duplex lähetystilaa käyttävien välittäjien jäljelle jäävä interferenssi vaikuttaa tandemverkon DMT:aan. Huomaamme, että jäljelle jäävä interferenssi vähentää full-duplex mallin tehokkuutta ja lisäksi vaikuttaa optimaaliseen tehonjakamiseen verkossa. Tarkemmin sanoen, jos jäljelle jäävä interferenssin tehotaso on nolla tai tarpeeksi lähellä sitä, lineaarisella tehojaolla voi saavuttaa verkon optimaalisen DMT:n. Muutoin, optimaalinen DMT saavutetaan epälineaarisella tehojaolla. Lopuksi, DMT analyysi havainnollistaa tehokkaan periaatteen yleisluontoisten monihyppyverkkojen käsittelemiseen, eli verkon jakamisen pienempiin osiin erilaiin avainrakenteisiin. Tämän jälkeen yleisluntoisten langattoimen monihyppyverkkojen tutkiminen tapahtuu tutkimalla näitä pieniä osia ja niiden välisiä vuorovaikutussuhteita. Langattomaan kahden hypyn monilähetysvälitysverkkon osalta keskitymme tapaustutkimukseen, jossa yksi lähettäjä monilähettää kahdelle vastaanottajalle kahden välittäjän avulla. Ehdotamme tälle verkolle osittaista decode-and-forward protokollaa, joka sisältää täyden decode-and-forward protokollan erikoistapauksena ja saavuttaa yleisesti tätä protokollaa paremman tehokkuuden. Tarkemmin sanoen, todistamme että tällä protokollalla siirtonopeus lähetystehon suhteen joko lähenee asymptoottisesti verkon cut-set ylärajaa mielivaltaisen lähelle tai saavuttaa sen 1 bit/s/Hz sisään. Osoitamme myös, että osittainen decode-and-forward protokolla voi saavuttaa verkon optimaalisen DMT:n. Tämän jälkeen, käsittelemme osittaisen decode-and-forward strategian impelentointia yleisluontoisille monilähetysvälitysverkoille
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Marunganti, Murali Krishna. "Experimental Study of Cooperative Communication using Software Defined Radios." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1293249850.
Full textBooks on the topic "Functional Decode and Forward"
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Bakhoum, Mourad M., and Juan A. Sobrino, eds. Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed012.
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<p>This document provides case studies of structural rehabilita-tion, repair, retrofitting, strengthening, and upgrading of structures, which might be encompassed – in short – by the convenient umbrella terms “Conservation / Upgrading of Existing Structures”. The selected studies presented in this SED cover a variety of structural types from different countries.</p> <p>Strengthening and rehabilitation of structures is usually a challenge because of uncertainties associated with old struc-tures and difficulties due to restrictions on the geometry and materials used, as well as other structural or functional con-straints. When repairing an existing structure the engineers involved have plenty of possibilities, lots of constraints, and in some cases there are no applicable codes. Strengthening and rehabilitating is sometimes a complex and exciting work; an art.</p> <p>The book is a summary of practices to help structural engineers. The reader of this book will discover different approaches to put forward strengthening or rehabilitation projects. Even identical technical problems could have very different efficient solutions, as discussed in the papers, considering structural, environmental, economic factors, as well as contractor and designer experience, materials, etc.</p>
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A, Awe Cynthia, and Ames Research Center, eds. The selective use of functional optical variables in the control of forward speed. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.
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A, Awe Cynthia, and Ames Research Center, eds. The selective use of functional optical variables in the control of forward speed. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.
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Heller, Aaron S. Functional Brain Imaging and PTSD. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0018.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a host of neurobiological changes, including abnormalities in subcortical and cortical structure and function. The majority of neuroimaging studies have been motivated by a fear conditioning and extinction perspective to examine neural changes associated with PTSD. Several studies have found alterations in amygdala, hippocampal, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. However, not all studies have replicated these findings. This suggests that more nuanced models of PTSD may be needed to account for the pathophysiology of the disorder. This chapter reviews neuroimaging findings related to this fear model and discusses additional considerations, including trauma type, age of trauma, and affective neurodynamics, that may help to account for the lack of consistent replications. Explicit consideration of these factors may facilitate greater coherence among studies going forward and advance our understanding of the neurobiological alterations associated with PTSD.
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Cookey, Peter Emmanuel, Thammarat Koottatep, Walter Thomas Gibson, and Chongrak Polprasert. Integrated Functional Sanitation Value Chain. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061840.
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Abstract The value chain (VC) system is a key way to address important sanitation technological and institutional gaps in production and service delivery and could constitute a natural platform for development actions and also serve as a market systems approach to improve access to safely-managed sanitation. It has been suggested that sanitation could boost local and national economies and global interconnections with a growing recognition that the private sector can play a bigger role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation, and help businesses understand value-added and product opportunities. This book proposes a pathway towards re-thinking the sanitation value chain (SVC) and suggests that it should cover all processes, activities and products of enterprises/actors in the sanitation supply chain that provide value-added services within each stage. Following the Regenerative Sanitation Principles, this book presents a new perspective to the SVC known as the ‘integrated functional sanitation value chain’ (IFSVC) to address operational functions within sanitation systems in combination with sanitation enterprises, operators and external actors that support the growth of the sanitation economy. The underlying premise of this book is that the IFSVC represents a new perspective that would have major social, environmental and economic implications for local, national, regional and global sanitation service delivery. It is hoped that researchers, business leaders, entrepreneurs, government officials and funders will find this book valuable, and be inspired and enabled to carry sanitation work forward in their own spheres of operation. The book gives several examples of encouraging developments, particularly in technical and business model innovation. It is our hope that this book will provide the stimulus for new learning and its application, particularly through cross-disciplinary and cross-sector partnerships that bring together all the skills and capabilities needed to deliver a fully effective IFSVC. ISBN: 9781789061833 (print) ISBN: 9781789061840 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789061857 (ePUB)
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Cahill, Thomas J., and Paul R. Riley. Epicardial and coronary vascular development. Edited by Miguel Torres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0009.
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The coronary circulation is essential for human life. In embryonic development, abnormal formation of the coronary vasculature can cause death in utero or after birth. In adulthood, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the commonest cause of death worldwide. The last decade has witnessed significant strides forward in our understanding of coronary development. Multiple sources of coronary endothelial cells have been identified using genetic tools for fate mapping. The epicardium, the outermost layer of the developing heart, has emerged as both a source of cell progenitors and key signalling mediators. Knowledge of the specific genes underlying formation, function, and heterogeneity of the epicardium is expanding. Significant challenges remain, however, in understanding the spatiotemporal signalling patterns required for organized migration, differentiation, and patterning of the vasculature. In addition, dissecting how coronary development is perturbed in patients with congenital coronary anomalies is a major ongoing focus of research.
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Muller, Johan, Nico Cloete, and François van Schalkwyk. Castells in Africa: Universities and Development. African Minds, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920677923.
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Castells in Africa: Universities and Development collects the papers produced by Manuel Castells on his visits to South Africa, and publishes them in a single volume for the first time. The book also publishes a series of empirically-based papers which together display the multi-faceted and far-sighted scope of his theoretical framework, and its fecundity for fine-grained, detailed empirical investigations on universities and development in Africa. Castells, in his afterword to this book, always looking forward, assesses the role of the university in the wake of the upheavals to the global economic order. He decides the universitys function not only remains, but is more important than ever. This book will serve as an introduction to the relevance of his work for higher education in Africa for postgraduate students, reflective practitioners and researchers.
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Lichtenstein, Nelson. Bashing Public Employees and Their Unions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0015.
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This chapter considers the idea of governmental “sovereignty,” as used by the right, to undermine the rationale for collective bargaining in the public sector. From the Boston Police Strike of 1919 forward, conservatives have considered the organization of government workers to be incompatible with the sovereign status of those entities sustained by taxes and elected by the populace. Public employee unions subverted the will of elected officeholders and undermined state power. That antiunion ideology faded in the two decades after 1958 when public employee unionism grew by leaps and bounds, but in recent years it has returned, albeit in a distinctively neoliberal, antistate guise. Conservatives today charge that instead of challenging the power of the state, public sector unionism is illegitimate because these institutions support those governmental functions that regulate commerce, sustain public education, and provide other public goods now under attack from the neoliberal right.
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Simpson, K. G. L., and David J. Smith. Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straight Forward Guide to Functional Safety, IEC 61508 and Related Standards, Including Process IEC 61511 and Machinery IEC 62061 and ISO 13849. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2010.
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Casaer, Michael P., and Greet Van den Berghe. Nutrition support in acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0032.
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Malnutrition in cardiac and critical illness is associated with a compromised clinical outcome. The aim of nutrition therapy is to prevent these complications and particularly to attenuate lean tissue wasting and the loss of muscle force and of physical function. During the last decade, several well-powered randomized controlled nutrition trials have been performed. Their results challenge the existing nutrition practices in critically ill patients. Enhancing the nutritional intake and the administration of specialized formulations failed to evoke clinical benefit. Some interventions even provoked an increased mortality or a delayed recovery. These unexpected new findings might be, in part, caused by an important leap forward in the methodological quality in the recent trials. Perhaps reversing early catabolism in the critically ill patient by nutrition or anabolic interventions is impossible or even inappropriate. Nutrients effectively suppress the catabolic intracellular autophagy pathway. But autophagy is crucial for cellular integrity and function during metabolic stress, and consequently its inhibition early in critical illness might be deleterious. Evidence from large nutrition trials, particularly in acute cardiac illness, is scarce. Nutrition therapy is therefore focused on avoiding iatrogenic harm. Some enteral nutrition is administered if possible and eventually temporary hypocaloric feeding is tolerated. Above all, the refeeding syndrome and other nutrition-related complications should be prevented. There is no indication for early parenteral nutrition, increased protein doses, specific amino acids, or modified lipids in critical illness.
Book chapters on the topic "Functional Decode and Forward"
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Zhang, Zhou, Ye Yan, Wei Sang, and Zuohong Xu. "Distributed Scheduling in Wireless Multiple Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 278–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44751-9_24.
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Bindu, E., and B. V. R. Reddy. "Optimized Power Allocation in Selective Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Communication." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 209–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1822-1_20.
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Fang, Yukai, Yucheng He, Liangmei Zhang, Jianquan Yang, and Lin Zhou. "Jamming-Assisted Proactive Eavesdropping in Decode-And-Forward Relaying Systems." In Advances in Wireless Communications and Applications, 111–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5879-5_14.
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Ha, Duy-Hung, Dac-Binh Ha, Jaroslav Zdralek, Miroslav Voznak, and Tan N. Nguyen. "A New Protocol for Energy Harvesting Decode-and-Forward Relaying Networks." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 693–704. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14907-9_67.
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Han, Shuai, Yi Zhang, Weixiao Meng, and Ningqing Liu. "Power Allocation for Full Duplex Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Relay System." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 374–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90802-1_33.
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Zhou, Guangli, Tao Wang, Yating Wu, Guoxin Zheng, and Guangli Yang. "Energy-Efficient Power Allocation for Decode-and-Forward OFDM Relay Links." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 13–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1409-3_2.
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Ou, Qinghai, Qingsu He, Lingkang Zeng, Wenjing Li, Xiao Liao, Shaofeng Fang, Fang Liu, Yuanan Liu, and Xinjing Hou. "Decode-and-Forward Full-Duplex Relay Selection Under Rayleigh Fading Environment." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 121–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72998-5_13.
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Wang, Jiaxing, Shuo Yuan, Wentao Zhou, Mahmoud Daneshmand, and Mugen Peng. "Performance Analysis of Decode-and-Forward Relay in Diffusion Molecular Communication Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 19–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6264-4_3.
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Kim, Taekhoon, and Dong In Kim. "Hybrid Hard/Soft Decode-and-Forward Relaying Protocol with Distributed Turbo Code." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2009, 372–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02457-3_32.
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Lee, Sangkook, Weifeng Su, Stella Batalama, and John D. Matyjas. "Outage Probability for ARQ Decode-and-Forward Relaying under Packet-Rate Fading." In Ad Hoc Networks, 843–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11723-7_58.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Functional Decode and Forward"
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Ong, Lawrence, Christopher M. Kellett, and Sarah J. Johnson. "Functional-decode-forward for the general discrete memoryless two-way relay channel." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs.2010.5686490.
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Lim, Sung Hoon, Kwang Taik Kim, and Young-Han Kim. "Distributed decode-forward for broadcast." In 2014 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw.2014.6970893.
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Ahmed, Pir S., Robert G. Maunder, and Lajos Hanzo. "Partial Soft Decode and Forward." In 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2011.6092858.
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Walsh, Chris, Douglas Hakkarinen, and Tracy Camp. "Distributed Decode and Forward Beamforming." In 2012 IEEE 37th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2012.6423658.
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Lim, Sung Hoon, Kwang Taik Kim, and Young-Han Kim. "Distributed decode-forward for multicast." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2014.6874910.
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Zhang, Zongqin, Ahmed Fadl, Chang Liu, and Donna Meyer. "A Streaming Flow Based Lab-on-Chip Platform Technology." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52283.
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Numerous studies on microfluidics diagnostic devices have been published in the last decade. Although the first generation of Lab-on-chip (LOC) devices was functional in 1999, some of the promises of microfluidics (integration of all functions on a chip and the commercialization of truly handheld microfluidic instruments) have yet to be fulfilled. The major challenges of LOC technology include cost–effective pumping, function integration, multiple detection, and system miniaturization. In this paper, we propose a novel and simple streaming-based LOC technology that may have potential to directly address these challenges. The phenomenon of the flow streaming is found in zero-mean velocity oscillating flows in a wide range of channel geometries. Although there is no net flow (zero-mean velocity) across the channel, a discrepancy in velocity profiles between the forward flow and backward flow causes fluid particles near the walls to drift toward one end, while fluid particles near the centerline drift to the other end. We hypothesize that the unique characteristics of flow streaming could be used: 1) to transport, mix and separate particles/molecules/bacterium/cells entrained in flows; 2) to perform multi-channel/generation micro-array sample distributions; and 3) to achieve function integrations and biomarker detections. Mechanisms of using flow streaming to achieve the various LOC functions are described. Preliminary results are presented to demonstrate the potential of this technology for LOC applications.
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Chin, Yiyong, Anushka Widanagamage, and A. D. S. Jayalath. "Sequential slotted amplify-decode-and-forward." In 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554988.
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Nguyen, Khoa D., and Lars K. Rasmussen. "Delay-exponent of decode-forward streaming." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2013.6620737.
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Nguyen, Khoa D., and Lars K. Rasmussen. "Delay-universal decode-and-forward relaying." In 2011 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ausctw.2011.5728757.
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Alsaeedi, Ayesha Ahmed Abdulla Salem, Manar Maher Mohamed Elabrashy, Mohamed Ali Alzeyoudi, Mohamed Mubarak Albadi, Sandeep Soni, Jose Isambertt, and Deepak Tripathi. "UAE's First End to End Standardized Workflow-Based Digital Transformation in a Giant Gas Producing Asset - Lessons Learned and Way Forward." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205851-ms.
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Abstract The concept of integrated modeling and digital transformation has grown within the oil and gas industry over the past decade and every such digital transformation has its own set of challenges from which significant learnings can be derived to enhance the knowledge base of the industry. This paper encompasses the successful achievement journey from the UAE's first end to end standardized workflow- based digital transformation in a giant gas producing asset, where several key challenges and learnings have been summarized that are originated from a unique project for a giant gas-condensate asset. The role and importance from multiple business stakeholders such as the planning, engineering, operations and performance teams was imperative to establish a collaborative working philosophy and a detailed specification document, the end-to-end solution, functional and non-functional requirements were captured and aligned with end-user needs. Firstly, a detailed offline phase along with focused efforts in understanding data-quality and establishing representative base-models, was key to enhance the benefit-realization of the integrated platform. Secondly, the online implementation helped in achieving significant process efficiency improvement as inbuilt data validation features significantly improved the confidence of the output. The diagnostic workflows replaced the conventional spreadsheet-based approach. The digital platform works as a common reference of "truth" for everyone across the organization. It helped to produce several the business KPIs to assist the engineers in emphasizing on the problem area, such as improved well test planning.
Reports on the topic "Functional Decode and Forward"
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Murdick, Dewey, James Dunham, and Jennifer Melot. AI Definitions Affect Policymaking. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200004.
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The task of artificial intelligence policymaking is complex and challenging, made all the more difficult by such a rapidly evolving technology. In order to address the security and economic implications of AI, policymakers must be able to viably define, categorize and assess AI research and technology. In this issue brief, CSET puts forward a functional definition of AI, based on three core principles, that significantly outperforms methods developed over the last decade.
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Azem, Abdussalam, George Lorimer, and Adina Breiman. Molecular and in vivo Functions of the Chloroplast Chaperonins. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697111.bard.
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We present here the final report for our research project entitled "The molecular and in vivo functions of the chloroplast chaperonins”. Over the past few decades, intensive investigation of the bacterial GroELS system has led to a basic understanding of how chaperonins refold denatured proteins. However, the parallel is limited in its relevance to plant chaperonins, since the plant system differs from GroEL in genetic complexity, physiological roles of the chaperonins and precise molecular structure. Due to the importance of plant chaperonins for chloroplast biogenesis and Rubisco assembly, research on this topic will have implications for many vital applicative fields such as crop hardiness and efficiency of plant growth as well as the production of alternative energy sources. In this study, we set out to investigate the structure and function of chloroplast chaperonins from A. thaliana. Most plants harbor multiple genes for chaperonin proteins, making analysis of plant chaperonin systems more complicated than the GroEL-GroES system. We decided to focus on the chaperonins from A. thaliana since the genome of this plant has been well defined and many materials are available which can help facilitate studies using this system. Our proposal put forward a number of goals including cloning, purification, and characterization of the chloroplast cpn60 subunits, antibody preparation, gene expression patterns, in vivo analysis of oligomer composition, preparation and characterization of plant deletion mutants, identification of substrate proteins and biophysical studies. In this report, we describe the progress we have made in understanding the structure and function of chloroplast chaperonins in each of these categories.
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Waraniak, John. Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems. SAE International, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021008.
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Many automotive industry safety advocates have been pushing for greater market penetration for active safety and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), with the goal of ending deaths due to car crashes. However, there are far-reaching implications for the collision repair, specialty equipment, and performance aftermarket sectors—after a collision or modification, the ADAS system functionality must be preserved to maintain, driver, passenger, and road user safety. To do this, sensor recalibration and ADAS functional safety validation and documentation after repair, modification, or accessorizing are necessary. Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket ADAS tackles the challenges of accelerating the pace of ADAS implementation; increasing industry understanding of systems, sensors, software, controllers; and minimizing the overwhelming variety of sensor calibration procedures and automaker targets. Additionally, this report addresses the liability concerns that are challenging the industry as it seeks to move forward safely.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.