Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Functional conservation'
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Pridham, Phillip. "Functional conservation of transcription activation mechanisms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395631.
Full textCaufield, J. Harry. "Interactomics-Based Functional Analysis: Using Interaction Conservation To Probe Bacterial Protein Functions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4580.
Full textOddo, Julia C. (Julia Christine). "Exploring the functional conservation of muscleblind (Mbl) proteins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101357.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 54-59).
Muscleblind (Mbl) is an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins involved in many aspects of RNA metabolism, including alternative splicing. Disruption of Muscleblind in several animals lends to a variety of defects and disease, including the multi-systemic disorder Myotonic Dystrophy (DM). Though much is known about the involvement of Muscleblind in DM, there is much basic knowledge of the protein's function to be discovered. We approach this problem by exploring the functional conservation of a diverse subset of Muscleblind homologs. The functions of Muscleblinds from a basal metazoan, Trichoplax adhaerens, a primitive chordate, Ciona intestinalis, and the model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans were compared to human Muscleblind-like (MBNL). The zinc finger RNA-binding domains are the most conserved region between homologs, suggesting a conserved role in RNA binding and splicing regulation. To test this, we used splicing reporter assays with validated human MBNL-regulated mini-genes and performed RNA sequencing experiments in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Additionally, we accessed the subcellular localization of the homologs to determine conservation of extra-nuclear functions. Reporter assays in HeLa cells showed that the homologs can positively and negatively regulate splicing. Our RNA-seq experiments led us to discover hundreds of endogenously regulated splicing events, including the identity of the transcripts, direction of splicing regulation, types of splicing events, and the magnitude of alternate exon inclusion in the spliced mRNAs. Additionally, we identified a spectrum of splicing events, from those uniquely regulated by a single Muscleblind, to events regulated by all Muscleblinds, and, characterized the variation in splicing activity that exists between homologs. A subset of events regulated by mammalian Muscleblind were oppositely regulated by non-mammalian homologs. Muscleblinds show nuclear-cytoplasmic localization, which suggests conservation in extra-nuclear functions. In conjunction with exon and intron sequences, this information provides a future tool to discover conserved and novel RNA regulatory elements used by diverse Muscleblinds to regulate splicing and in putative cytoplasmic functions. These data could also be used to determine functionally important residues in Muscleblind proteins and help us better understand the protein family.
by Julia C. Oddo.
S.M.
Edwards, Martin Tavis. "Comparative prokaryotic genomics : conservation of functional and spatial context." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428024.
Full textMaloney, Victoria Jane. "Function, functional conservation and interactions of the membrane-bound endo-1,4-beta-glucanases orthologous to Korrigan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24242.
Full textHua, Jiale. "Glimm type functional and one dimensional systems of hyperbolic conservation laws /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ma-b23749921f.pdf.
Full text"Submitted to Department of Mathematics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-95)
Habberfield, Michael William. "Functional connectivity for wildlife populations across spatially complex landscapes." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163822.
Full textIntegrating animal movement information with the spatial analysis of landscape structure is critical for restoring biological communities in spatially-structured landscapes. This integration can be accomplished by focusing on functional connectivity—a landscape’s potential for the movement of organisms among resource patches—in relation to the spatial and structural connectivity of landscape elements. I carried out three investigations in order to examine how landscape structure interacts with the ecological factors associated with animal movement processes, and thereby produce actionable outcomes for the restoration of wildlife populations. This work combined population- and individual-level data of dispersing wildlife to better resolve the influence of spatial structure on functional connectivity. First, I used a meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between structural and functional connectivity for a broad scope of animal species. Second, I assessed the influence of landscape position and habitat density on colonization, movement, and population dynamics of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvatica) within a network of restored vernal pools. Third, I experimentally evaluated dispersal and habitat selection of green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) within this vernal pool system.
The meta-analysis demonstrated that universal scaling relationships of species and the landscapes they are moving through interact as key drivers mediating the level of functional connectivity afforded to wildlife by structural connectivity. Mark-recapture data revealed rapid colonization of the restored vernal pool network by wood frogs, with subsequently moderate levels of frog movement among neighboring pools. Local pool density interacted with the colonization process and terrestrial habitat availability to limit wood frog productivity within a pool cluster. Experimental dispersal data for green frogs artificially translocated within the pool network showed key differences between movement in familiar and novel environments. Differing movement behaviors and habitat selection patterns indicated that a habitat patch for this species is on the scale of a pool cluster rather than an individual pool. Together, the observed spatial dynamics of these vernal pool amphibians contribute a framework for improving amphibian dispersal modeling, potential responses to rapid environmental changes, and predicting colonization and subsequent population dynamics in restored systems. The results of this dissertation improve our understanding of how spatial structure interacts with organism-specific factors to produce observed patterns of functional connectivity.
Grant, Alesha. "Functional Conservation of Interferon Antagonism among Flaviviruses| Zika Virus Targets Human STAT2." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270604.
Full textFlaviviruses are a diverse group of emerging arboviruses capable of infecting an extraordinarily broad range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Nearly half of the viruses in this rapidly expanding genus have been reported to be pathogenic for humans, as well as other vertebrates. The spectrum of human disease includes asymptomatic and febrile illnesses, rash, arthralgia, encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) has uncovered pathology in the form of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, cementing the importance of flaviviruses as emerging human pathogens. All vector-borne flaviviruses studied thus far have to overcome type I interferon (IFN) antiviral responses in order to replicate and cause disease in vertebrates. The non-structural protein NS5 is a potent and specific antagonist of IFN signaling for human pathogenic flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEVs). Intriguingly, each of these viruses exhibits different mechanisms of IFN antagonism, highlighting the complicated evolutionary nature of flaviviruses. This thesis work presents novel insights into the NS5-mediated antagonism of IFN signaling for several underexamined flaviviruses. Notably, all NS5 proteins examined were able to inhibit IFN-induced gene expression in a mammalian system, indicating a functional conservation of IFN antagonism for flavivirus NS5 proteins. However, mechanistically NS5 function was diverse. Of great interest, ZIKV NS5 bound to the human, but not mouse, IFN-regulated transcriptional activator STAT2 and targeted it for proteasomal degradation. This phenomenon may explain the requirement for IFN deficiency in order to observe ZIKV pathogenesis in mice. Furthermore, the mechanism of ZIKV NS5 resembles that of DENV NS5, but not that of its closer relative Spondweni virus (SPOV). However, unlike DENV NS5, ZIKV NS5 did not require the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR4 to induce STAT2 degradation. Consequently, flavivirus NS5 proteins exhibit a remarkable functional convergence in IFN antagonism, albeit by virus-specific mechanisms. The potent antagonism of human IFN responses by neglected flaviviruses such as SPOV and Usutu virus (USUV), coupled with similar ecologies to that of known human flavivirus pathogens, suggests their potential for broad emergence into the human population.
Henscheid, Kristy L. "Functional conservation and RNA binding of the pre-mRNA splicing factor U2AF65 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400950821&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-141). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
McOwen, Chris. "The integration of phylogenetic and functional trait information into monocot biodiversity conservation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3659.
Full textVaughan, Ritchie Catherine. "Group Analysis of Collaborative Conservation Partnerships." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76805.
Full textMaster of Science
Buschbeck, Elke Karin Ursula 1967. "Conservation of "magnocellular" neurons of the dipteran optomotor pathway: Evolutionary and functional implications." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278434.
Full textGrambo, Andrew A. "Functional design opportunities for water conservation through native landscape restoration in southwestern Idaho, U.S.A." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286422.
Full textDepartment of Landscape Architecture
Wishart, Marcus J. "A comparative phylogeographic approach toward defining functional units for the conservation of biodiversity in lotic ecosystems." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031125.103610/.
Full textIllergård, Kristoffer, Anni Kauko, and Arne Elofsson. "Why are polar residues within the membrane core evolutionary conserved?" Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-68378.
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Siqueira, Campos Felipe. "Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Implications for a Systematic Conservation Planning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586284.
Full textLos patrones de biodiversidad son resultado de procesos ecológicos y evolutivos. Comprender las fuerzas que determinan estos patrones ayuda a predecir la respuesta de los ecosistemas al cambio ambiental. Considerando el papel de las especies de anfibios en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, exploramos cómo sus relaciones funcionales, filogenéticas y taxonómicas pueden ser incorporadas en la toma de decisiones espaciales en el Bosque Atlántico brasileño. Utilizamos estas consideraciones para desarrollar una estrategia basada en patrones de dispersión de especies, amenazas y estado de conservación, susceptibilidad al cambio climático, evolución de rasgos funcionales y conservación rentable. En esta línea, organizamos esta tesis en 10 capítulos distribuidos en cinco secciones. Según diferentes dimensiones ecológicas basadas en morfología, ciclo de vida y comportamiento de anfibios, mostramos que el uso de los rasgos funcionales puede ser eficiente para la conservación de especies en ecosistemas en peligro de extinción. Las reservas del Bosque Atlántico no son suficientes para sus especies amenazadas, y las especies actualmente protegidas sufren efectos del cambio climático. Por lo tanto, proponemos prioridades de conservación usando conectividad ecológica para condiciones actuales y futuras. En un futuro pr6ximo, la mayoría de las especies pueden verse amenazadas y tienden a dispersarse hacia áreas con temperaturas más suaves, a altitudes y latitudes elevadas, reduciendo sus rangos geográficos. Empleando la ecología evolutiva en la conservación, revelamos que métricas filogenéticas pueden ser herramientas relevantes para la planificación funcional del paisaje. Según la historia evolutiva de los rasgos funcionales, determinamos la adaptación de las especies en diferentes linajes taxonómicos. Además, bajo un análisis de complementariedad, representamos grupos taxonómicos indicadores y valores economicos de la tierra. Diseñamos modelos de priorización centrados en diferentes dimensiones de la biodiversidad, incorporando relaciones de coste-beneficio a través de esquemas de pago por servicios ecosistémicos. De la teoría a la práctica, nuestro estudio sugiere un marco eco-evolutivo con respecto a la utilidad de la conservación de anfibios desde escalas regionales a globales.
Sales, Joshua Dong Pinliang. "Determining the suitability of functional landscapes and wildlife corridors utilizing conservation GIS methods in Denton County, Texas." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3920.
Full textZeng, Shuai, and 曾帥. "Predicting functional impact of nonsynonymous mutations by quantifying conservation information and detect indels using split-read approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198818.
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Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Sales, Joshua. "Determining the Suitability of Functional Landscapes and Wildlife Corridors Utilizing Conservation GIS Methods in Denton County, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3920/.
Full textWang, Xi [Verfasser], H. W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mewes, and John [Akademischer Betreuer] Parsch. "Detection and evolutionary analysis of functional conserved non-coding sequences in higher plants by integrating evolutionary and functional conservation / Xi Wang. Gutachter: John Parsch. Betreuer: H.-W.Mewes." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025337816/34.
Full textGustafsson, Susanne. "Population genetic analyses in the orchid genus Gymnadenia : a conservation genetic perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3305.
Full textNardi, Laura Verfasser], Alexander von [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kienlin, and Paolo [Akademischer Betreuer] Belardi. "A survey methodology for conservation and reconversion of functional buildings after 1950 / Laura Nardi ; Alexander von Kienlin, Paolo Belardi." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191365417/34.
Full textAwade, Marcelo. "Padrões de movimentação de uma espécie de ave em paisagens fragmentadas e seus efeitos para a conectividade funcional: uma abordagem hierárquica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-11122009-135213/.
Full textHabitat fragmentation is one of the major human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. This process highly affects the species movement pattern, implying in considerable alterations on the connectivity between the remaining habitat patches. Consequently, it interferes in the spatial distribution and in the population dynamics of species. In this dissertation, some aspects of the routine and dispersal movements of Pyriglena leucoptera, an endemic bird of the Atlantic rainforest, were studied. These two movement types act in distinct scales, affecting, differently, the parameter regulating the structure of the populations. Using the playback technique, we verified if the gap-crossing capacity of this species, by routine movements, is affected by gap width. From this relation, we obtained gap-crossing probabilities, which were used to parameterize functional connectivity indices (one binary and one probabilistic) based on graph theory. In a model selection approach, these two indices plus another structural one (i.e. patch area) were compared to establish which one is the best to predict P. leucopteras incidence in forest fragments. About the dispersal movements, we done translocation and telemetry experiments to investigate if the species dispersal ability in fragmented landscapes is affected by the distance between forest patches, and to verify if there are sexual differences in this effect. The results showed that distance between forest patches limits both the routine movements and the dispersal one to this species. In the routine movements scale, we verified that patches are completely isolated when the gap width is higher than 45 m. The species incidence was better described by the probabilistic connectivity index (PCS), evincing that it is essential to consider connectivity to understand the spatial distribution of P. leucoptera, and this attribute must be viewed in its probabilistic form. Furthermore, dispersal is female-biased, since females are more prone to emigrate and were more efficient in their movement in the matrix. We discussed the consequences of this sex-bias, highlighting that, in severely fragmented landscapes, the colonization probability of empty patches is decreased and the genetic flux between populations should be imperiled. Thus, to comprehend the effects of habitat connectivity on species survival in fragmented landscapes, both movement types must be considered. Finally, we suggested a hierarchically structured population model in order to integrate the two movement type information in one conceptual framework. This model has a great potential to be used in environmental planning and management.
Mayhew, Rebekah Jane Watts. "The species and functional composition of bird communities in regenerating tropical forests." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27894.
Full textBankroff, Timothy J. "Arthropod community response to high-intensity, low-frequency cattle grazing events and pasture succession." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1417541806.
Full textSmith, Joanne. "Agri-environment schemes and soil biodiversity: assessing the conservation, biodiversity and functional value of arable field margins for soil macrofauna." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486322.
Full textLeclerc, Camille. "Biodiversité endémique insulaire face aux changements globaux : état des lieux dans un contexte de conservation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS507.
Full textGlobal changes, because of human activities, are associated with numerous population declines and species extinctions, which are especially pronounced in island systems. The important biodiversity of such ecosystems is particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures because of several characteristics (e.g. island syndrome, low functional redundancy, island geographical isolation). Despite this increased vulnerability, few studies have so far looked at these systems as a study model for assessing patterns of threats to the different facets of diversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic). However, such work would improve our understanding of islands threats. In this sense, the aim of this PhD thesis is to describe patterns of insular endemic diversity in the current context of global changes and in a future climate change context, by exploring different facets of diversity. The purpose of this work is to highlight potential conservation priorities for these particularly vulnerable ecosystems. We have addressed all of this thesis work on a large scale using two databases of worldwide islands and endemic species. In a first part, we characterized threats to island ecosystems at a global scale and also explored their distributions within different taxonomic groups and island regions. In a second part, we analyzed the impact of threats on the functional component of island endemic biodiversity. In a third part, we have identified priority areas for insular endemic biodiversity representativeness and conservation across different dimensions of biodiversity and explored their levels of protection through protected areas and threats affecting them. In a last part, we studied the future vulnerability of islands and endemic biodiversity to climate change by 2050 based on endemic mammals. In the light of our results (identification of major threats whose importance varies according to the taxonomic groups, the island regions and also the dimensions of biodiversity considered), we discussed the implications of global changes for island endemic biodiversity in a conservation context. This PhD thesis reveals the importance of integrating multiple threats and diversity dimensions for global changes and conservation approaches
Kongor, Raphael Yuniwo. "Plant response to habitat fragmentation : clues from species and functional diversity in three Cape lowland vegetation types of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4604.
Full textThesis (PhD (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Cape lowlands have been severely transformed and reduced to fragments embedded in matrices of various activities. With the need to prioritise conservation efforts, information on the conservation worthiness and management of these fragments is required. This study aimed to better understand how fragmentation affects the Cape lowland vegetation patterns and dynamics and more specifically, to determine if, and if so to what extent these fragments contribute to regional plant diversity and more importantly their functionality. The novel approach adopted focused on plant functional traits, which are better predictors of ecosystem response to global change than individual species. Species were sampled at four scales in four sites of decreasing sizes, including: a mainland and three fragments of three Cape lowland vegetation types i.e. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (ASF), Swartland Shale Renosterveld (SSR) and Langebaan Dune Strandveld (LDS). Traits such as dispersal, pollination, breeding mode and longevity were selected based on relevance to species’ and plantfunctional types’ (PFTs) responses to fragmentation. The findings revealed different effects on species richness and PFTs. The effect of reduced patch size on species richness was more evident in ASF where fragments below 600 ha had significantly fewer species than the mainland. This effect was not unequivocal in SSR and LDS due to several confounding factors (notably the grazing history of the sites). The SSR fragment grazed by indigenous herbivores had significantly more species than the ungrazed sites. Also, the largest LDS fragment grazed by livestock had significantly more species than the ungrazed mainland, indicating that grazing rather than fragment size influences species richness, although the smallest fragments of these two vegetation types had significantly fewer species than the larger fragments. Species turnover and complementarity were high for all three vegetation types, reflecting the degree of habitat heterogeneity and high contribution of beta diversity to overall gama diversity. The effect of reduced patch size was higher on PFT diversity than on PFT richness, with Langebaan Dune Strandveld where habitat fragmentation was more recent being the least affected of the three vegetation types. This indicates a degree of functional redundancy in the Cape lowlands, which is important for ecosystem resistance and resilience. The ASF mainland and the largest fragment had higher PFT diversity than the medium-sized and the smallest fragments; the mainland had also higher PFT diversity than all the fragments combined. Similarly, the smallest SSR fragment had significantly lower PFT diversity and richness than the other sites. The grazed SSR fragment had higher PFT richness and diversity than the ungrazed mainland and smallest fragment, indicating the role of grazing in maintaining renosterveld vegetation. The PFTs absent from the different sites were mostly short-distance dispersed dioecious and non-dioecious species, and some with highly specialised pollination systems. This suggests that dispersal and pollination are vital functional attributes for the persistence of the studied fragmented ecosystems. Habitat fragmentation effects plant community composition and ecological functions in the Cape lowlands, a conclusion supported also by the revealed significant trait-convergence and divergence assembly patterns. These communities result from various fragmentation filters that operate at different spatial-temporal scales and selecting species with suitable responses. All three vegetation types are susceptible to fragmentation, albeit at varying degree. The fragmentation effect was confounded by the sampling and temporal scales, the nature of disturbance regime, and the traitmediated differences in species’ response. The role of the surrounding matrix on fragment connectivity and gene flow appears to be of crucial importance, hence mitigation measures focusing on improving connectivity between patches, monitoring threatened taxa, and promoting dispersal and pollination have been recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se Kaapse laagland het dramaties verander en weggekwyn tot fragmente wat in matrikse van verskeie bedrywighede veranker is. Gedagtig aan die voorkeuraandag wat bewaringspogings tans geniet, is inligting oor die bewaringswaardigheid en bestuur van hierdie fragmente nodig. Hierdie studie stel dit ten doel om beter begrip te vorm van hoe fragmentasie die plantegroeipatrone en -dinamiek in die Kaapse laagland raak, en meer bepaald om vas te stel óf, en indien wel, in watter mate, hierdie fragmente tot streeksplantdiversiteit en -funksionaliteit bydra. Die ongewone studiebenadering konsentreer op funksionele kenmerke van plante, wat beter aanwyser van ekosisteemreaksie op wêreldwye verandering is as individuele spesies. Spesiemonsters is op vier skale by vier terreine van wisselende grootte ingesamel, wat insluit moederstrook en drie fragmente van elk van drie plantegroeisoorte in die Kaapse laagland, naamlik Atlantis-sandfynbos (ASF), Swartland-skalierenosterveld (SSR) en Langebaan-duinestrandveld (LDS). Kenmerke soos verspreiding, bestuiwing, voortplantingsmetode en lewensduur is gekies op grond van die tersaaklikheid daarvan vir spesies en plantfunksionele tipes (PFT’s) se reaksie op fragmentasie. Die studie bring verskillende uitwerkings op spesie-oorvloed en PFT’s aan die lig. Wat spesie-oorvloed betref, was die uitwerking van kleiner strookgrootte (“patch size”)duideliker te sien by ASF, waar fragmente kleiner as 600 ha beduidend minder spesies as die moederstrook bevat het. Hierdie uitwerking kon nie so duidelik by SSR en LDS waargeneem word nie weens verskeie strengelingsfaktore, veral die weidingsgeskiedenis van die terreine. Die SSR-fragment waarop inheemse herbivore gewei het, het beduidend meer spesies as die onbeweide terreine bevat. Voorts het die grootste LDS-fragment waarop vee gewei het heelwat meer spesies as die onbeweide moederstrook gehad, wat daarop dui dat weiding eerder as fragmentgrootte spesie-oorvloed beïnvloed, hoewel die kleinste fragmente van hierdie twee plantsoorte steeds aansienlik minder spesies as die groter fragmente bevat het. Spesie-omset en -aanvullendheid was hoog vir ál drie plantsoorte, wat aanwyser is van die mate van habitat-heterogeniteit en die groot bydrae wat betadiversiteit tot algehele gammadiversiteit lewer. Die uitwerking van kleiner strookgrootte was duideliker te bespeur op PFT-diversiteit as PFT-oorvloed – in dié verband het LDS, waar habitatfragmentasie mees onlangs plaasgevind het, die ligste van die drie plantsoorte afgekom. Dít dui op mate van funksionele oorbodigheid in die Kaapse laagland wat belangrik is vir ekosisteemweerstandigheid en -gehardheid. Die ASF-moederstrook en die grootste ASF-fragment het hoër PFT-diversiteit getoon as die medium- en kleinste fragmente; die moederstrook het in werklikheid oor hoër PFT-diversiteit as ál die fragmente saam beskik. Insgelyks het die kleinste SSR-fragment beduidend minder PFT-diversiteit en -oorvloed as die ander terreine getoon. Die beweide SSR-fragment was hoër in PFT-oorvloed én -diversiteit as die onbeweide moederstrook en die kleinste fragment, wat die rol van weiding in die instandhouding van renosterveldplantegroei beklemtoon. Die PFT’s wat nié op die verskillende terreine voorgekom het nie, was meestal tweehuisige en nietweehuisige spesies wat oor kort afstande versprei, en sommige spesies met hoogs gespesialiseerde bestuiwingstelsels. Dít dui daarop dat verspreiding en bestuiwing noodsaaklike funksionele kenmerke vir die voortbestaan van die bestudeerde gefragmenteerde ekosisteme is. Habitatfragmentasie raak die samestelling en ekologiese funksies van plantgemeenskappe in die Kaapse laagland. Dié gevolgtrekking word ook gerugsteun deur die bewese patrone van beduidende kenmerkkonvergensie (“trait convergence”) en divergensiesamekoms (“divergence assembly”). Hierdie plantgemeenskappe spruit uit verskeie fragmentasiefilters wat op verskillende ruimte-tydskale funksioneer, en wat spesies met geskikte reaksies kies. Ál drie plantsoorte is ontvanklik vir fragmentasie, hoewel in wisselende mate. Die fragmentasie-uitwerking is beïnvloed deur monsterinsameling- en tydskale, die soort versteuringsbedeling, en die kenmerkbemiddelde (“traitmediated”) verskille in spesiereaksie. Die rol van die omringende matriks op fragmentverbondenheid en geenvloei blyk van die allergrootste belang te wees, en dus word temperingsmaatreëls aanbeveel wat daarop gemik is om verbondenheid tussen stroke te verbeter, bedreigde taksa te moniteer, en verspreiding en bestuiwing aan te help.
Zolkewitz, Michael Alan Bien Walter F. "The use of assisted succession to restore the globally imperiled dwarf pine-oak forests of the New Jersey Pinelands : an investigation of the functional and structural recovery of an abandoned gravel pit /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3290.
Full textKrishnakumar, Pritesh [Verfasser], Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Dosch, Michael [Gutachter] Kessel, and Dirk [Gutachter] Görlich. "Functional conservation of germ plasm organizers Bucky ball in zebrafish and Drosophila Oskar / Pritesh Krishnakumar ; Gutachter: Michael Kessel, Dirk Görlich ; Betreuer: Roland Dosch." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173420746/34.
Full textLeung, Yeung-Yeung [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuster. "Functional conservation of the AKT kinase action on the synaptic vesicle release machinery between Drosophila and rat / Yeung-Yeung Leung ; Betreuer: Christoph Schuster." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180735838/34.
Full textLeung, Yeung-Yeung Verfasser], and Christoph M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schuster. "Functional conservation of the AKT kinase action on the synaptic vesicle release machinery between Drosophila and rat / Yeung-Yeung Leung ; Betreuer: Christoph Schuster." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180735838/34.
Full textLeung, Yeung-Yeung [Verfasser], and Christoph M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuster. "Functional conservation of the AKT kinase action on the synaptic vesicle release machinery between Drosophila and rat / Yeung-Yeung Leung ; Betreuer: Christoph Schuster." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180735838/34.
Full textBauduin, Sarah. "Integrating functional connectivity and climate change in the design of protected area networks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26897.
Full textThe world is facing worrisome declines in biodiversity. Species extinction rates have increased as a direct consequence of human activities. Protected areas have been implemented around the world in an effort to counter biodiversity loss. Although protected areas are part of the solution, they should be designed systematically in a way to maximize their effectiveness. Enhancing functional connectivity between protected areas is one way to increase their effectiveness. Climate change is disrupting environmental conditions globally. It is a threat to biodiversity that until recently was not often integrated into protected area design. Climate change has been shown to impact species movements, and therefore landscape functional connectivity. Some studies have suggested that enhancing functional connectivity between protected areas can also help species cope with climate change impacts. My thesis presents a methodology to design protected area networks while accounting for climate change and functional connectivity. My study area is located in the natural region of Gaspésie in Québec (Canada). The endangered Atlantic-Gaspésie population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was used as the focal species to define functional connectivity. This small population is in long-term decline due to predation and habitat change, but climate change may become an additional threat. First, I built a spatially explicit individual-based model to explain and simulate caribou movement. I used sparse VHF data available at the time of the study to select and parameterize a movement model using a pattern-oriented modeling strategy. My best model reproduced most of the movement patterns defined from the observed data. This model improved the understanding of the movement drivers for the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. It also provided spatial estimates of caribou landscape use in the Gaspésie region. I concluded that sparse data were sufficient to fit individual-based models when coupled with a pattern-oriented modeling strategy. Second, I estimated how climate change and conservation activities may impact caribou movement potential. I used the individual-based model to simulate caribou movements in hypothetical landscapes representing the impacts of various climate change scenarios and conservation activities. Conservation activities represented the implementation of new protected areas in Gaspésie, according to the scenario developed by the government of Québec, and the restoration of secondary roads inside protected areas. Climate change impacts on vegetation, as defined in my scenarios, reduced caribou movement potential. Road restoration was able to mitigate these negative effects whereas the implementation of the new protected areas did not improve caribou movement potential. Third, I presented a methodology to design effective protected area networks and proposed new protected areas to implement in Gaspésie to conserve biodiversity in the presence of climate change. I created a large sample of protected area networks expanding the existing network to reach an areal target of 12%. I then calculated an ecological representativeness index and two measures of functional connectivity over time for each network. Functional connectivity measures represented the overall access to the protected areas and the movement potential in them for the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. I used movement potential estimates for the current time period and for the future under different climate change scenarios to represent functional connectivity. The protected area network I proposed maximized the trade-off between the three network features I calculated. In this thesis I examined Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou movements under different environmental conditions, including climate change impacted landscapes. These results helped define new protected areas for the Gaspésie region that will protect the caribou population over time. I believe this thesis gives new insights on the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou movement behavior, as well as on the management actions that could be taken in Gaspésie to improve conservation of caribou and of other species. I believe this methodology could be applied to other ecosystems with similar characteristics and needs.
Kirkpatrick, Lucinda. "Bat exploitation of Sitka Spruce plantations : impacts of management on bats and nocturnal invertebrates." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25312.
Full textZielke, Barbara [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Stamminger. "The HCMV encoded mRNA-export factor pUL69 : functional conservation within the Betaherpesvirinae and identification of mRNA-targets during infection / Barbara Zielke. Betreuer: Thomas Stamminger." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022737279/34.
Full textKondratyeva, Anna. "Measuring inter-specific diversity. Benefits of species originality indices in community ecology and conservation biology." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0012.
Full textHumanity strongly depends on biodiversity and services it provides. To prevent the biodiversity loss and to establish sustainable relations with nature humanity has to efficently manage and protect natural resources. The problem of “what to protect” is not new but became more important than ever and could be resolved by an appropriate use of biodiversity measures. Many indices of biodiversity have been developed in the last four decades, with species being one of the central units. However, evolutionary and ecological studies need a precise description of species’ characteristics to best quantify inter-species diversity, as species are not equivalent and exchangeable. First measures taking into account species biological differences were based on species phylogenetic relations and trait values. However, many of them measure a diversity of a set of species, and does not indicate the respective contribution of each species to the diversity of the set. To find a remedy to this issue, other type of measures appeared in early 90’s, comparing species through the shared amount of characteristics, but were put aside, erroneously classified as diversity measures too. In this thesis we refer to these measures as species originality indices. A species is original if it possesses unusual trait values compared to all others in a community or if it is distantly related with other species in a community. Thus, the most original species have the greatest contribution to the diversity of that community. In this thesis we sought to demonstrate the benefits of originality metrics, particularly in conservation biology and community ecology. First we review the relation of species originality with concepts of species’ diversity and rarity and we compare their related measures. Following theoretical links between originality and diversity measures we propose a practical application of a two-step (and two-scale) originality framework to a real plant species data. Finally, we discuss main pitfalls and advantages related to species data, spatial scale of a study and the choice of an originality measure. Future studies could use originality measures with other entities than species, such as genes or habitats, and therefore broad the extent of biodiversity assessment and conservation
Lorel, Claire. "Concilier le développement urbain et agricole avec la conservation de la biodiversité : anticipation de l'empreinte des activités anthropiques sur la biodiversité par une approche fonctionnelle et multi-trophique." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0009/document.
Full textThe strong growth of Human populations has led to the intensification of land uses and land covers, especially in agricultural lands for food production and livestock, resulting in a higher appropriation of net primary productivity. As primary productivity is the root of food webs and ecological networks, any change in this essential process is likely to have a strong impact on biodiversity. Besides, intensification is a complex process whose three dimensions - inputs, outputs and system - are rarely studied together. The conceptual and methodological framework of HANPP (Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production) proposed by Helmut Haberl and collaborators in 2007, aims to quantify different parameters of intensification. First, I explored the variability of HANPP components and their relationships to other intensification indices (i.e. HNV, IC / ha) to better interpret the variability of HANPP and its components. HANPP seems to be linked to both the "system" and "output" dimensions of land use intensity and appears to complement the other indicators considered. Then, I investigated the relationship between HANPP and biodiversity, focusing on two taxa complementary in their ecosystem functions, i.e. birds and bats. Using data from citizen-science programs occurring in metropolitan France, I showed that intensification: i) decreased species richness, abundance and the average mass of bats, and ii) simplified the structure of avian communities by lowering the average trophic level and functional regularity, to the benefit of farmland specialists. In addition, I observed that the response of biodiversity could widely vary depending on the indicator and / or facet (taxonomic or functional) studied. Through my analyzes, I was able to clarify the conditions of use of the HANPP methodological framework. I also identified areas and types of landscape where land use intensity can coexist with biodiversity. All of these results form the basis for a discussion on opportunities to reconcile conservation efforts with intensification
Perkkiö, M. (Miia). "Utilitas restauroinnissa:historiallisen rakennuksen käyttötarkoituksen muutos ja funktionaalinen integriteetti." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514286759.
Full textTiivistelmä Historiallisen rakennuksen säilymisen ehto on sen järkevä hyödyntäminen alkuperäisen käyttötarkoituksen loputtuakin. Silti käytön kannalta välttämättömiin muutoksiin suhtaudutaan usein kielteisesti. Tämä tutkimus käsittelee historiallisten rakennusten käyttötarkoituksen muutoksia arkkitehtuurin ja restauroinnin tehtävien näkökulmasta. Siinä pohditaan käyttötarkoituksen muutosten oikeutusta ja restauroinneissa keskeisenä pidettyä autenttisuuden ongelmaa. Samalla pyritään hahmottamaan, mitä tarkoittaa autenttisuuteen liittyvä funktionaalinen integriteetti käyttötarkoituksen muuttuessa. Utilitas-käsitteellä on aina antiikista lähtien viitattu arkkitehtuurin yhteydessä rakennusten funktionaalisuuteen ja käyttökelpoisuuteen. Aihetta on tässä tutkimuksessa käsitelty eri aikojen arkkitehtuuriteorioiden ja historiallisiin rakennuksiin kohdistuneiden käyttötarkoituksen muutosten avulla. Vaikka historiallisia rakennuksia on aina muutettu uusiin tarkoituksiin vasta 1800-luvulla alettiin korostaa käyttötarkoituksen merkitystä historiallisten rakennusten säilymiselle. Historiallisten rakennusten käyttötarkoituksen muutoksiin liittyviin ongelmiin on 1900-luvun restaurointikeskustelussa viitattu kuitenkin vain harvoin. Sen sijaan arkkitehtuurista puhuttaessa rakennuksen funktionaalisuus on ollut yksi keskeisistä aiheista. Suurin ongelma historiallisten rakennusten käyttötarkoituksen muutoksissa on rakennuksen syvempien merkitysten ymmärtäminen, ei teknisten menetelmien ja ratkaisujen puuttuminen. Historiallisia rakennuksia ei voida täysin erottaa todellisuudesta ja ihmisen tarpeista tässä ja nyt. Kysymys on tasapainosta historian ja nykyhetken välillä. Funktionaalisen integriteetin tarkastelu tarjoaa paitsi menetelmän restaurointien arvioimiseen, myös mahdollisuuden löytää uusia ratkaisuja historiallisten rakennusten hyödyntämiseksi samalla sekä historiaa että nykyajan tarpeita kunnioittaen
BRAGA, Rosana Talita. "Priorização espacial para conservação de Carnívoros (Mammalia) no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2566.
Full textChanges of natural landscape caused by antropic activities are currently the main threats for biodiversity. Thus, the identification of priority areas has become a challenge for conservation biology. The scarcity of financial resources for conservation involves studies for emergency actions, considering important biological aspects, and different components of diversity in order to better allocate the available resources. Furthermore, the costs incorporation of potentially priority areas can display a favorable balance for minimize possible conflicts of interest. Hence, our objectives in this study were to identify priority areas for Carnivore species conservation in Brazil, considering social-economic variables as cost measure for conservation. We also investigate how the taxonomical, functional and phylogenetic diversities of the Carnivore are distributed in the Brazilian territory, in order to identify the set of regions that best represent this three diversity measures. In both cases, we investigate the efficiency of currently established conservation units (CUs), examining whether the current distribution in space of these is better than if they were randomly distributed in Brazil. Our results showed that regions of interest for conservation of species are also important in the social-economical development. Thus, other regions that were not at first priority will be considered important in order to minimize conflicts of conservation. We also found that taxonomic diversity was not the better predictor of functional and phylogenetic diversity. It is necessary the combination of a set of areas to represent these three diversity measures. The UC s are not efficient for all species to represent phylogenetic diversity. In the latter case even the UC s were distributed randomly in Brazilian territory, representing the largest indices of phylogenetic diversity. Thus, it is necessary the addition of new protected areas that complement the previous one. We concluded that it is important to include socio-economic analysis in prioritization, and that studies considering different measures of diversity are important since the species richness may not well represent the other measures of diversity. In conservation plans that incorporate such analysis, the results are more satisfactory for the long-term species protection.
As mudanças da paisagem natural provocadas por atividades antrópicas são atualmente importantes ameaças à biodiversidade. Diante disto, a identificação de áreas prioritárias tem se tornado um desafio para a biologia da conservação. A escassez de recursos financeiros para ações conservacionistas implica em estudos direcionados às ações emergenciais de conservação, que considerem aspectos biológicos importantes e diferentes componentes de diversidade, a fim de estabelecer a melhor possibilidade de alocação dos recursos existentes. Além disto, a incorporação de custos das áreas potencialmente prioritárias pode exibir um balanço favorável para minimizar possíveis conflitos de interesse. Assim, nossos objetivos nesta dissertação foi, indicar áreas prioritárias para conservação de espécies de Carnívoros no Brasil, considerando uma série de variáveis sócio-econômicas (e.g. índice de desenvolvimento humano, demografia urbana, cabeças de gado, dentre outras) como medida de custo para conservação. Também averiguamos como estão distribuídas no território brasileiro, a diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética das espécies deste grupo, a fim de identificar o conjunto de regiões que melhor representam estas três medidas de diversidade. Em ambos os casos, averiguamos a eficiência das Unidades de conservação atualmente instituídas (UC s), analisando se a distribuição atual destas no espaço é melhor do que se tivessem distribuídas ao acaso no Brasil. Nossos resultados mostram que algumas regiões de interesse para conservação de espécies também são importantes no contexto sócioeconômico. Assim, outras regiões que a princípio não eram prioritárias passaram a ser consideradas importantes no intuito de minimizar conflitos de conservação. Encontramos também que a diversidade taxonômica não é um bom preditor de diversidade funcional e filogenética. Assim, é necessária uma combinação de conjunto de áreas para representar estas todas as espécies e as demais medidas de diversidade. As UC s não são eficientes para todas as espécies nem para representar diversidade filogenética. Neste último caso, nem mesmo se as UC s estivessem distribuídas ao acaso no território brasileiro, representariam maiores índices de diversidade filogenética. Sendo assim, é necessário o acréscimo de novas áreas protegidas que complementam as existentes. Concluímos que é importante inserir fatores sócio-economicos nas análises de priorização, e que estudos considerando diferentes medidas de diversidade são importantes pois, a riqueza de espécies pode não representar bem as outras medidas de diversidade. A medida em que os planejamentos de conservação incorporarem análises como estas, os resultados serão mais satisfatórios no que diz respeito a proteção das espécies em longo prazo.
Rosatti, Natália Bianca. "Perda de originalidade e extinções simuladas de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas de cerrado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2062.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Originality measures how different a given species is from all other species regarding either their phylogenetic history or functional traits and may be used to assign conservation priorities. This dissertation is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, we introduced and defined the phylogenetic and functional originalities, which are still underused. We discussed the advantages of using this approach and showed how it could be used in conservation plans. In the second chapter, we analysed the relationships between phylogenetic, and functional originalities, their relationships with the environment, and their losses under extinction scenarios based on species abundance, fire tolerance, and habitat preference. We placed 100 plots in a cerrado reserve located in central Brazil, sampled all woody plants within the plots, measured 14 functional traits, and measured soil, topography, and fire. We assembled a phylogenetic tree, and a functional dendrogram, with which we calculated the originalities. Phylogenetic- and functional-based originalities were correlated, and both increased towards harsher environments. However, the loss of functional originality was different from random extinctions on the abundance and fire tolerance scenarios, whereas the loss of phylogenetic originality was not. Functional originality seemed to be a better surrogate to be used in conservation strategies, because it was sensitive to differences in species abundances and fire tolerance.
A originalidade mede o quanto uma dada espécie é diferente das outras espécies em uma comunidade com relação à sua história filogenética e aos seus traços funcionais, podendo ser usada para atribuir prioridades de conservação. Este trabalho está dividido em dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, nosso objetivo foi introduzir as originalidades filogenética e funcional, medidas ainda pouco conhecidas. Justificamos as razões para o uso dessa abordagem e exemplificamos maneiras de utilizá-la para fins conservacionistas. No segundo capítulo, nosso objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre a originalidade filogenética e a originalidade funcional, a relação de ambas com variáveis ambientais, e suas perdas em cenários de extinções baseados na abundância, tolerância ao fogo e preferência por hábitats, uma maneira objetiva para se tomar decisões com fins conservacionistas. Para isso, em uma reserva de cerrado no Brasil Central, lançamos 100 parcelas, amostramos o componente arbustivoarbóreo e medimos para cada indivíduo 14 traços funcionais. Para cada parcela, coletamos variáveis ambientais de solo, topografia e histórico de fogo. As originalidades filogenética e funcional estiveram correlacionadas, e ambas aumentaram em direção a ambientes mais severos. Entretanto, nas simulações de extinções baseadas na abundância e na tolerância de fogo, a perda de originalidade funcional foi diferente da perda em extinções aleatórias, enquanto que a perda de originalidade filogenética não foi. Originalidade funcional parece ser uma medida mais apropriada para ser utilizada em estratégias de conservação, já que foi sensível a diferença entre as espécies com relação a suas abundâncias e tolerância ao fogo.
Drucker, Debora Pignatari 1978. "A integração da informação sobre biodiversidade e ecossistemas para embasar políticas de conservação : o projeto Biota Gradiente Funcional como estudo de caso." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280208.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: No Brasil, há numerosas instituições e cientistas que produzem conhecimento sobre nossos ecossistemas e muito já se sabe sobre nossa diversidade biológica. Novas descobertas e orientações para a tomada de decisão baseadas em conhecimento científico podem ser feitas pelo uso da informação que já existe, mas que em grande parte está dispersa, mal documentada e inacessível aos interessados. Uma integração é, portanto, necessária e pode ocorrer tanto por meio da consolidação de dados de estudos semelhantes, de forma a expandir escalas temporais e espaciais de análise, como pela associação de conhecimentos gerados por estudos com diferentes abordagens. Novas tecnologias computacionais que permitem lidar com informações de procedência diversa e características heterogêneas podem contribuir para representar o estado atual do conhecimento do sistema terrestre e para comunicar esse conhecimento entre os diversos atores interessados. Nessa direção, os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o sistema de informação desenvolvido para o Projeto Temático Biota Gradiente Funcional, como estudo de caso para a integração de dados ecológicos e de biodiversidade, e também discutir as aplicações e limitações desse sistema para a conservação e gestão ambiental. Para isso, proponho um arcabouço para investigar uma infraestrutura de informação sobre biodiversidade e discuto o potencial dessa infraestrutura como objeto-ponte entre ciência e processos de tomada de decisão em conservação e gestão ambiental; analiso também as características de dados ecológicos, boas práticas para documentá-los e algumas ferramentas existentes para gerenciá-los, de forma a promover a integração do conhecimento ecológico, descrevo as etapas de desenvolvimento do sistema de informação para o Projeto Temático Biota e o analiso pelas lentes do arcabouço de investigação proposto. O sistema foi eficiente para gerenciar os dados e metadados do Projeto fornecidos pelos pesquisadores. Foi possível recuperar a informação por consultas integradas tanto ao catálogo de metadados, pelo uso de palavras-chave, quanto à base de dados, pela seleção de variáveis e de parâmetros temporais e espaciais. A possibilidade de consultar qualquer variável de interesse, independentemente da associação com uma entidade taxonômica, configura um sistema de informação sobre biodiversidade original e inovador. No sistema estudado, a base de dados é verdadeiramente genérica: a única restrição é a exigência da informação espacial. Os resultados permitiram concluir que avanços em ferramentas computacionais para gerenciar dados de biodiversidade e ecossistemas permitem análises que potencializam o valor de dados coletados em pesquisas individuais. Para perpetuar iniciativas de desenvolvimento tecnológico, como a do sistema aqui investigado, é necessário empreender mais esforços, no sentido de se promoverem os arranjos institucionais, legislativos e administrativos que atuam como alicerces da infraestrutura da informação e conferem sustentabilidade dos sistemas a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, é preciso capacitar recursos humanos no uso e desenvolvimento desses recursos tecnológicos e promover a sensibilização dos atores envolvidos, a fim de tornar o compartilhamento e a curadoria de dados uma prática amplamente realizada
Abstract: There are numerous scientists and institutions that produce knowledge about Brazilian ecosystems, and a lot is already known about the biological diversity therein. New findings and guidelines for decision making based on scientific knowledge can be made by using information that already exists, but is largely dispersed, poorly documented and inaccessible to users. It is therefore necessary to integrate biodiversity information, which may occur by consolidating data from similar studies in order to expand temporal and spatial analysis scales, or by associating knowledge generated by studies with different approaches. New computer technologies are continuously developed by information scientists, providing opportunities for the Biodiversity Informatics field to improve its capacity of making sense of the growing amount of heterogeneous data of diverse provenance, thus contributing to represent the current state of knowledge on the Earth's Systems and to communicate this knowledge among the various stakeholders. This study aimed at analyzing the information system developed for the Thematic Project Biota Functional Gradient as a case study on biodiversity and ecological data integration, and at discussing the applications and limitations of this system for conservation and environmental management. To this end, I propose a framework for investigating biodiversity information infrastructures and discuss their potential as boundary objects between science and decision making in conservation and environmental management; analyze the characteristics of ecological data, the best practices to document them and some existing tools to manage them in order to promote the integration of ecological knowledge; describe the stages of development of the information system for the Thematic Project Biota and discuss it through the lens of the proposed analytical framework. The information system was efficient to manage data and metadata provided by researchers. Information retrieval was possible by querying the metadata catalog based on keywords, and by querying the database system based on the selection of variables and parameters of space and time. The ability to query any variable of interest, regardless of association with a taxonomic entity, set up an original and innovative information system on biodiversity. In the studied system, the database is truly generic: the only restriction is the mandatory requirement for spatial information. The results showed that advances on computational tools for managing biodiversity and ecosystem data enable analyses that maximize the value of data collected in individual surveys. To perpetuate technological development initiatives such as the system investigated here, it is necessary to undertake further efforts in order to promote institutional arrangements, legislation and administration that act as foundations for information infrastructures and provide sustainability over time. Furthermore, it is necessary to train human resources in the use and development of technological tools, and to promote awareness and a collaborative culture between the actors involved in order to make data sharing and curation widely adopted practices
Doutorado
Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
Boreau, de Roincé Catherine. "Biodiversité et aménagements fonctionnels en verger de pommiers : Implication des prédateurs généralistes vertébrés et invertébrés dans le contrôle des ravageurs." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00952799.
Full textLin, Yangchen. "Macroscopic insights from mechanistic ecological network models in a data void." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/254976.
Full textSonja, Trifunov. "Gazdovanje šumama u zaštićenim područjima u Srbiji i realizacija konzervacionih ciljeva." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111015&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIn this work, the forest management in protected areas of Serbia was analysed, following: 1) ecologic effects of management and 2) investments in capabilities essential for integration of conservation objectives. The size of protected areas has significantly grown, but there is a little information on their contribution to real conservation goals. Since in most of European protected forest areas is employed active management, the information on ecological effects of management is necessary. The main barrier in ecologic evaluations of managing is the absence of indicators, which could measure the changes in ecosystem, resulting from applied measures. Recently, the potentiality of functional indicators is more emphasized, i.e. indicators, which lean on information about functional traits of species. So, in this work functional approach was taken to analyse ecologic effects of forest management. For this sake were chosen characteristics, which are connected to capabilities of specie s to acquire or conserve resources, i.e. define the answer of the species on changes in available resources, caused by elimination of wooden mass, i.e. logging: height, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter cont ent, nitrogen content and phosphorus content. The same are connected to the processes of significance for conservation of ecosystem integrity (net primary productivity and decomposition). Since the analysis of functional indicators response demands a longer period of observation, another attitude of performing the experiment was conceptualized. For that purpose Landsat satellite image was used, i.e. three images in interval of ten years: 1994, 2005, and 2015. A digital image classification of forest composition was performed, after which the changes in forest composition were detected over the period of 20 years. These data were then connected with the data on functional characteristics of species to determine changes in functional composition. The last step was forming of forest canopy density model, through which was determined the intensity of logging. Using data on changes of forest canopy density model and changes in functional composition, an experiment was performed, i.e. analysis of effects of different levels of logging intensity on changes in forest ecosystem function. For the performing of this experiment was chosen just a part of Fruska gora, as the goal was to try to construct the evaluation approach, adapted to momentary concept of managing in protected forest areas and inspect its feasibility. As an accompanying data with this analysis was performed a comparative analysis of protected forest area managers in Serbia, to examine the level of investments in conservation capabilities, as the key process in implementing conservation goals.
Lizée, Marie-Hélène. "Diversité, organisation spatiale et fonctionnelle des communautés de papillons (lépidoptères, rhopalocères) en milieu urbain et périurbain : Rôle des espaces artificialisés en terme de conservation et de connectivité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10153.
Full textGiven the wide range of issues (economic, social and environmental) that are concerned by natural environments under the impact of human development, it is a matter of urgency to understand the factors that determine their functioning. Even if they do not constitute priority areas for the conservation for rare and endangered species, urban areas are by no means devoid of biodiversity. This biodiversity and the ecological processes involved remain poorly known.The approach here is to use the communities of Rhopaloceres (butterflies) as a framework for reading the urban and outlying suburban landscapes. On the basis of a study of butterfly communities (and secondarily those of birds) in the PACA (Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur) region, the main aim of this study is to provide evidence of the patterns of organisation of these communities in order to understand the factors that control the assemblages of species in the urban and outlying suburban environment.Focused on the Mediterranean area, which constitutes an original site from the biogerographical point of view, this investigation has focused on two study sites in order to offer two different expressions of the process of urban development affecting the territory of Provence: (i) the village of Lauris (84), characteristic of a Mediterranean hinterland ‘in the process of metropolisation’; and (ii) the Marseille conurbation (13), the 2nd most populous city in France.On the basis of an analysis of the assemblages of species of four habitats (fallow land, private gardens, vineyards, forests), the investigations carried out in Lauris are focused on the response of the communities of Rhopaloceres in the face of rapid changes in land use. The results provide evidence of variations in terms of structure and functional composition, underlining the influence both of the landscape context and of the type of habitat on the organisation of these communities. This study also highlights the interest of the garden compartment as a reservoir of biodiversity.Then, the investigation has focused on the question of the biodiversity accommodated in the man-made areas of the city. To this end, 24 public parks in the city of Marseille have been studied. It has been possible to show how the functional traits of species (butterflies and birds) can be used to predict their distribution along a gradient of urban development. The various studies carried out on Marseille have also shown the importance of the landscape scale and of the regional spatial dynamic (dispersal and colonisation) with regard to the organisation of assemblages of species. The communities of Rhopaloceres appear to be strongly conditioned by the degree of isolation of parks with regard to the semi-natural massifs, raising the idea of the strengthening of the intra-urban assemblages by a regional pool of species situated around the outskirts. This hypothesis is further supported by the overlapping pattern of distribution of the species (nested subsets) between the parks, where the poorest sites in terms of species composition constitute sub-samples of the richest sites, without this being linked to the existence of a significant species-area relationship. Finally, the study of the development of parks and their management has enabled us to highlight the impact of more local interactions on the organisation of the communities. Nevertheless, the landscape context would appear to strongly condition the plant component in the surroundings, but also in the parks, in particular via the management practices of the municipal departments
Tambosi, Leandro Reverberi. "Estratégias espaciais baseadas em ecologia de paisagens para a otimização dos esforços de restauração." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-29052014-112453/.
Full textThe deleterious effects of habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the main threats to biodiversity. To avoid species loss due to these deleterious effects, there is an urgent need to conduct restoration actions to increase the quantity and quality of the remaining habitat. Besides influencing species persistence, the landscape structure also influences the results of restoration actions. However, guidelines to adopt a landscape approach during restoration planning are not always consistent, nor easy to apply. The objective of this study was to contribute to advances in the use of spatially explicit landscape analysis during restoration planning. To achieve this goal we developed methodological frameworks based on landscape ecology theory to set priority areas for restoration. We also adopted a simulation approach to analyze the potential benefits of different restoration strategies for biodiversity conservation. The methodological proposal presented in chapter 2 consists in multi-scale landscape analyses, based on graph theory, to estimate landscape resilience. We considered landscape resilience as the capacity to revert local species extinctions through recolonization processes. Then, those landscapes considered ideal targets to restoration actions were classified according to their importance as corridors or bottlenecks for biological flow. In chapter 3, the methodological proposal presented in chapter 2 was applied to the Atlantic Forest Biome to set restoration priorities. Chapter 4 consists in a methodological proposal, also based on graph theory, to set restoration priorities in local scale. This methodological proposal also allows the comparison of local restoration priority between landscapes with different amount and configuration of habitat cover. Finally, in the fith chapter we adopted a simulation approach to analyze the improvement of habitat availability, in three Atlantic Forest landscapes, due to different restoration strategies considering: (i) different species dispersal capabilities, (ii) initial habitat amount in the landscape, (iii) the dynamics of landscapes during restoration implementation, i.e., the changes in habitat availability as new areas were restored, and (iv) size of restored areas. The results of this study allowed us to establish local and regional restoration priorities, thus reducing field visits and optimizing restoration efforts. It was also possible to conclude that spatial strategies to set restoration priorities should be conceived based on species dispersal capacities, landscape structure and also considering the strategies to implement restoration actions. If data on species dispersal characteristics is not available, a multi species approach to set restoration priorities is also recommended. The theoretical background of landscape ecology and the available tools to manage spatial data allow identifying the best restoration strategies, reducing the costs and optimizing the benefits to conserve biodiversity in fragmented landscapes
Auffret, Alistair G. "Seed mobility and connectivity in changing rural landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89105.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: In press. Paper 5: Manuscript.
Hidasi, Neto José. "Conservação de diversidade funcional e filogenética: identificando padrões e definindo prioridades." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4048.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
(Sem resumo em outra língua)
Listas Vermelhas de espécies ameaçadas categorizam os organismos vivos de acordo com a proximidade de serem extintos. Entretanto, essas listas ignoram diferenças ecológicas e evolutivas entre as espécies. Para determinar se ações conservacionistas baseadas em LV são efetivas para a proteção da diversidade funcional (FD, do inglês “functional diversity) e filogenética (PD, do inglês “phylogenetic diversity”) de comunidades naturais precisamos saber se categorias de ameaça das LV possuem espécies com atributos ecológicos e histórias evolutivas distintas. Além disso, como espécies normalmente interagem em escala local, essa escala seria a mais indicada para quantificar perdas consideráveis de FD e PD. Sendo assim, no Capítulo 1, utilizamos 21 características ecológicas e as relações filogenéticas para todas as aves do Brasil a fim de determinar se espécies em categorias de ameaça das Listas Vermelhas global da IUCN, brasileira, e de seis estados brasileiros representam perdas maiores de FD e PD do que seria esperado pela extinção aleatória de aves. Analisamos a eficiência das listas vermelhas em escala nacional, regional e local, esperando que a FD e PD de aves fosse melhor representada na escala local, pois é nela onde ocorrem as interações bióticas. Encontramos que, independente da escala, as categorias de ameaça das Listas Vermelhas capturaram, de maneira geral, perdas de FD e PD iguais ou menores ao esperado ao acaso. Portanto, ações conservacionistas baseadas somente nas categorias das Listas Vermelhas não protegem mais FD e PD das aves brasileiras do que se o mesmo número de espécies (em cada categoria) fosse preservado ao acaso. No capítulo 2, sugerimos uma forma de integrar o grau de ameaça, atributos ecológicos e história evolutiva para medir o nível de prioridade de conservação de espécies. Utilizamos esse protocolo para medir a prioridade de conservação dos mamíferos do mundo. De modo geral, espécies mais prioritárias tenderam a ser mais ameaçadas, além de estarem concentradas nas regiões de alguns hotspots de biodiversidade, como o Cerrado, Indo-Burma, Mata Atântica e Sundaland. Esses resultados possuem grandes consequências na conservação de espécies pois categorias de LV são normalmente utilizadas como ferramentas para a formulação de políticas relacionadas à conservação da biodiversidade
Lechêne, Alain. "Trajectoire de restauration des marais intertidaux : réponse du necton à la dépoldérisation dans l’estuaire de la Gironde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0883/document.
Full textEuropean intertidal marshes have greatly declined during the past centuries because of land claim andhave recently been threatened by the effects of climate change. In recent years, an increasing number of tidal resto-ration projects have been implemented, following a global trend termed de-embankment. This thesis describes therestoration trajectory of tidally restored marshes from the response of nekton (i.e., fish and decapod crustaceans)based on two storm-breached study sites in the Gironde estuary : the Mortagne marsh and the Nouvelle island.Nekton assemblage composition of tidally restored marshes was described through a whole-estuary approach en-compassing natural, restored and dyked habitats. Nekton assemblages of tidally restored marshes showed highcompositional similarity with natural intertidal habitats and greatly departed from dyked marshes. Dyked marsheswere characterized by high occurrence of freshwater exotic taxa. Tidally restored marshes seemed particularly at-tractive for the thin-lipped grey mullet, Liza ramada. The functional traits’ distribution within fish communities revealeda change in functional structure in the course of restoration using the naturalness state of habitats as a proxy forrestoration time. Most notably, functional specialization, dispersion and richness increased with restoration time.No clear pattern of change was observed in community assembly over time ; trends chiefly varied with respect totraits. Temporal trends in one of the restored sites revealed three phases in the first four years of tide restoration.The abundance of several species and the community functional structure changed more steeply in the midst ofthe second phase, less than two years following tide restoration. Community turnover was probably delayed dueto incomplete drainage of the site in the early stages of restoration. The results of this thesis lead to a better un-derstanding of the restoration trajectory of tidal marshes without human intervention and highlight the strengths andweaknesses of some theoretical models used in restoration ecology