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1

NWAEDOZIE, Obianuju Chinekwu, and Caleb Ademola Omuwa GBIRI. "Gait Function and its Association with Functional Independence, Quality of Life, and Community Reintegration in Stroke Survivors." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 04 (April 11, 2024): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-04-27.

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Background and Aims: The major outcome of stroke rehabilitation is the recovery of the ability to walk. However, a large proportion of stroke survivors are discharged to the community with gait deficiency which impairs their functional independence, and quality of life increasing the burden of care on caregivers especially their lack of functioning in the community. This study assessed the gait functional performance in community-dwelling stroke survivors and explored its association with functional independence, quality of life, and community reintegration in community-dwelling stroke survivors. Materials and methods: This study involved 115(59 males and 56 females) community-dwelling stroke survivors. Their gait functional performance was assessed using the 10-meter walk test (10MWT) while their functional independence was assessed with the functional independence measure (FIM). Their quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the Stroke-specific QoL scale while community functioning and productivity were assessed using the community integration questionnaire (CIQ). Their scores on the assessments were compared with the normative data of their age and sex-matched healthy individuals. Data was analysed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Chi-Square at p<.05. Results: Participants’ ages ranged between 27 to 78 years (mean=60.48±37.84 years). More participants (56.7%) had right hemispheric lesions and 43.3% had lesions in the left hemisphere. Their gait function, functional independence performance, QoL, and community reintegration functions were significantly (p<0.05) lower than their age and sex-matched normative data. There was a significant (p<0.05) association and relationship between their gait functional performance and each of the functional independence performance, QoL, community reintegration, and productivity. Conclusion: Gait functional performance in community-dwelling stroke survivors is significantly lower than in age and sex-matched healthy individuals and it is significantly associated with low functional independence performance, low quality of life, poor community functioning, and lack of productivity in stroke survivors, Abnormal gait pattern is related to poor functional independence, poor quality of life and low productivity.
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Vivero-Gomez, Rafael J., Víctor A. Castañeda-Monsalve, María Claudia Atencia, Richard Hoyos-Lopez, Gregory D. Hurst, Gloria Cadavid-Restrepo, and Claudia Ximena Moreno-Herrera. "Molecular phylogeny of heritable symbionts and microbiota diversity analysis in phlebotominae sand flies and Culex nigripalpus from Colombia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): e0009942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009942.

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Background Secondary symbionts of insects include a range of bacteria and fungi that perform various functional roles on their hosts, such as fitness, tolerance to heat stress, susceptibility to insecticides and effects on reproduction. These endosymbionts could have the potential to shape microbial communites and high potential to develop strategies for mosquito-borne disease control. Methodology/Principal findings The relative frequency and molecular phylogeny of Wolbachia, Microsporidia and Cardinium were determined of phlebotomine sand flies and mosquitoes in two regions from Colombia. Illumina Miseq using the 16S rRNA gene as a biomarker was conducted to examine the microbiota. Different percentages of natural infection by Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Microsporidia in phlebotomines and mosquitoes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia shows putative new strains of Lutzomyia gomezi (wLgom), Brumptomyia hamata (wBrham), and a putative new group associated with Culex nigripalpus (Cnig) from the Andean region, located in Supergroup A and Supergroup B, respectively. The sequences of Microsporidia were obtained of Pi. pia and Cx. nigripalpus, which are located on phylogeny in the IV clade (terrestrial origin). The Cardinium of Tr. triramula and Ps. shannoni were located in group C next to Culicoides sequences while Cardinium of Mi. cayennensis formed two putative new subgroups of Cardinium in group A. In total were obtained 550 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 189 taxa to the genus level. The microbiota profiles of Sand flies and mosquitoes showed mainly at the phylum level to Proteobacteria (67.6%), Firmicutes (17.9%) and Actinobacteria (7.4%). High percentages of relative abundance for Wolbachia (30%-83%) in Lu. gomezi, Ev. dubitans, Mi. micropyga, Br. hamata, and Cx. nigripalpus were found. ASVs assigned as Microsporidia were found in greater abundance in Pi. pia (23%) and Cx. nigripalpus (11%). An important finding is the detection of Rickettsia in Pi. pia (58,8%) and Bartonella sp. in Cx. nigripalpus. Conclusions/Significance We found that Wolbachia infection significantly decreased the alpha diversity and negatively impacts the number of taxa on sand flies and Culex nigripalpus. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) is consistent, which showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, F = 2.4744; R2 = 0.18363; p-value = 0.007) between the microbiota of sand flies and mosquitoes depending on its origin, host and possibly for the abundance of some endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia).
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Hofman, J., J. Švihálek, and I. Holoubek. "Evaluation of functional diversity of soil microbial communities – a case study." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 4 (December 10, 2011): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4074-pse.

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In our case study, we measured the functional diversity of the microbial communities of twelve soils from the small natural area to assess if this assay is suitable for routine monitoring of soil biological quality. We found the BIOLOG assay meets especially practical benefits in routine monitoring of soils being simple and quick assay. However, we confirmed the ambiguity about the most appropriate analysis of the BIOLOG multivariate data and about the best parameter, which can be derived from the assay. The different analyses of the data were examined and various parameters derived from the BIOLOG assay were comparatively used to contribute to the discussion of how the data should be evaluated. We showed that not-normalized raw absorbances or trapezoid areas should be used for calculation of diversity index if the inoculum was standardized. There was no single answer to what parameter provided more correct results in the multivariate statistical analysis. Evaluating at least one not-normalized (e.g. trapezoid area) and one normalized parameter (e.g. absorbances read in fixed AWCD) was strongly suggested keeping in mind that they reveal different information.
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Kyselková, M., J. Kopecký, M. Ságová-Marečková, G. L. Grundmann, and Y. Moënne-Loccoz. "Oligonucleotide microarray methodology for taxonomic and functional monitoringof microbial community composition." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 9 (October 14, 2009): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/140/2009-pse.

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Microarray analysis is a cultivation-independent, high-throughput technology that can be used for direct and simultaneous identification of microorganisms in complex environmental samples. This review summarizes current methodologies for oligonucleotide microarrays used in microbial ecology. It deals with probe design, microarray manufacturing, sample preparation and labeling, and data handling, as well as with the key features of microarray analysis such as specificity, sensitivity and quantification potential. Microarray analysis has been validated as an effective approach to describe the composition and dynamics of taxonomic and functional microbial communities, in environments including soil, compost, sediment, air or humans. It is now part of the technical arsenal available to address key issues in microbial community ecology, ranging from biogeography to ecosystem functioning.
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Mahdavi, Parastoo, Maike Isermann, and Erwin Bergmeier. "Sand habitats across biogeographical regions at species, community and functional level." Phytocoenologia 47, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2017/0127.

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Cadotte, Marc W., Carlos A. Arnillas, Stuart W. Livingstone, and Simone-Louise E. Yasui. "Predicting communities from functional traits." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30, no. 9 (September 2015): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.07.001.

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Liu, W., N. Pan, W. Chen, W. Jiao, and M. Wang. "  Effect of veterinary oxytetracycline on functional diversity of soil microbial community." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 7 (July 23, 2012): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/430/2011-pse.

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Effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the functional diversity of soil microbial community with or without vegetation were analyzed in a 7-week greenhouse pot experiment by use of Biolog-Eco plate. Results showed that along with the increase of OTC, average well color development (AWCD) values increased with the peak at 200 ppm OTC, and the utilization of sugar and its derivatives enhanced. The Shannon diversity and the evenness under different OTC levels followed a general order of red amaranth treatments &gt; white clover treatments &gt; no vegetation. The OTC treatments can be distinguished by two principle components. Our findings suggested that OTC addition stimulated soil microbial activities and vegetation changed carbon source utilization pattern at a certain content. &nbsp;
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Kuz, Tetiana, Liudmyla Maliuta, and Olha Hahaliuk. "Functional mechanisms of united territorial communities as paradigms of communities." Socio-Economic Problems and the State 25, no. 2 (2021): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.02.594.

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In this article, the authors propose an idea based on the interpretation of the functional mechanisms of united territorial communities considering Kuhn's interpretation of the scientific communities’ paradigms in the way that community paradigms should be interpreted as general theoretical assumptions and laws and means of their implementation which the scientific community members use. This forms and develops paradigms with its activities. That is, each community has its own paradigms, which include the established system and customs, as well as recorded standards, condemnations, dogmas, historical experience, as well as the actual situation and common goals. According to the author, a territorial community is a human association that is associated with self-organizing territories, a sequence of timely states called processes. It follows that the territorial community is a process. The paradigmatic stages of development of united territorial communities as a process that has a beginning, evolution and termination or end point are proposed. Differences between territorial, scientific or religious communities are determined, where the author states that the main difference is in paradigms and direction of their goals. It is stated what changes and crises in paradigms mean. Thus, changes are not independent events, but long episodes with regular repetitive structures. Crises – crises are the stage of change that follows discovery. As long as the methods (or tools) of the paradigm are able to solve certain problems or issues, the community develops effectively. Also in the article, the author takes the position that territorial communities are processes that cannot be controlled by elected or hired leaders, but which are controlled (influenced) by community paradigms, which, in turn, are constantly changing. Based on the position of the author and the context of territorial communities, the paradigm can be explained as follows: the paradigm is a "certain way of seeing the world", which was once accepted by many scientists, creates a community of these scientists; or a religious community of believers; or a territorial community from people living in a certain area. the paradigms of territorial communities determine the important objects with which the community cooperates and the related problems, and / or the issues that are identified, and the methods by which the identified problems and / or issues are resolved.
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Ponge, Jean‐François. "Communities, ecosystem engineers, and functional domains." Ecological Research 36, no. 5 (June 21, 2021): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12247.

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Pavoine, Sandrine, and Carlo Ricotta. "Functional and phylogenetic similarity among communities." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5, no. 7 (May 10, 2014): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12193.

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Tate, Robert L. "Microbial Communities, Functional versus Structural Approaches." Soil Science 163, no. 6 (June 1998): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199806000-00012.

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Versalovic, James, and David Relman. "How Bacterial Communities Expand Functional Repertoires." PLoS Biology 4, no. 12 (December 12, 2006): e430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040430.

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Rice, Jake, Niels Daan, Henrik Gislason, and John Pope. "Does functional redundancy stabilize fish communities?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst071.

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AbstractRice, J., Daan, N., Gislason, H., and Pope, J. Does functional redundancy stabilize fish communities? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 734–742. Functional redundancy of species sharing a feeding strategy and/or maximum size has been hypothesized to contribute to increased resilience of marine fish communities (the “portfolio effect”). A consistent time-series of survey data of fish in the North Sea was used to examine if trophic functional groups or maximum length of species (Lmax) groups with larger numbers of species had lower coefficients of variation in abundance and biomass over time than did groupings with fewer species. Results supported this hypothesis. However, the stabilizing effect of numbers of species in a group on variation in abundance or biomass could be accounted for by the Law of Large Numbers, providing no evidence that specific ecological processes or co-adaptations are necessary to produce this effect. This implies that successful conservation policies to maintain the resilience of a marine fish community could be based on strategies to maintain the number of species in functional groups, without having to know the detailed ecological interactions between the species.
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Rafique, Ramzan Mohammed, Sanjeev Kumar Singh, and Farheen Khan. "EFFECT OF BILATERAL ANKLE JOINT MOBILISATION ON FUNCTIONAL BALANCE IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 7, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 3139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2019.142.

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Avila-Jimenez, Maria-Luisa, Gavin Burns, Zhili He, Jizhong Zhou, Andrew Hodson, Jose-Luis Avila-Jimenez, and David Pearce. "Functional Associations and Resilience in Microbial Communities." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060951.

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Microbial communities have inherently high levels of metabolic flexibility and functional redundancy, yet the structure of microbial communities can change rapidly with environmental perturbation. To understand whether such changes observed at the taxonomic level translate into differences at the functional level, we analyzed the structure of taxonomic and functional gene distribution across Arctic and Antarctic locations. Taxonomic diversity (in terms of alpha diversity and species richness) differed significantly with location. However, we found that functional genes distributed evenly across bacterial networks and that this functional distribution was also even across different geographic locations. For example, on average 15% of the functional genes were related to carbon cycling across all bacterial networks, slightly over 21% of the genes were stress-related and only 0.5% of the genes were linked to carbon degradation functions. In such a distribution, each bacterial network includes all of the functional groups distributed following the same proportions. However, the total number of functional genes that is included in each bacterial network differs, with some clusters including many more genes than others. We found that the proportion of times a specific gene must occur to be linked to a specific cluster is 8%, meaning the relationship between the total number of genes in the cluster and the number of genes per function follows a linear pattern: smaller clusters require a gene to appear less frequently to get fixed within the cluster, while larger clusters require higher gene frequencies. We suggest that this mechanism of functional association between equally rare or equally abundant genes could have implications for ecological resilience, as non-dominant genes also associate in fully functioning ecological networks, potentially suggesting that there are always pre-existing functional networks available to exploit new ecological niches (where they can become dominant) as they emerge; for example, in the case of rapid or sudden environmental change. Furthermore, this pattern did not correlate with taxonomic distribution, suggesting that bacteria associate based on functionality and this is independent of its taxonomic position. Our analyses based on ecological networks also showed no clear evidence of recent environmental impact on polar marine microbial communities at the functional level, unless all communities analyzed have changed exactly in the same direction and intensity, which is unlikely given we are comparing areas changing at different rates.
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Terekhov, Stanislav S., Ivan V. Smirnov, Maja V. Malakhova, Andrei E. Samoilov, Alexander I. Manolov, Anton S. Nazarov, Dmitry V. Danilov, et al. "Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 38 (September 4, 2018): 9551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811250115.

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Microbiome spectra serve as critical clues to elucidate the evolutionary biology pathways, potential pathologies, and even behavioral patterns of the host organisms. Furthermore, exotic sources of microbiota represent an unexplored niche to discover microbial secondary metabolites. However, establishing the bacterial functionality is complicated by an intricate web of interactions inside the microbiome. Here we apply an ultrahigh-throughput (uHT) microfluidic droplet platform for activity profiling of the entire oral microbial community of the Siberian bear to isolate Bacillus strains demonstrating antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Genome mining allowed us to identify antibiotic amicoumacin A (Ami) as responsible for inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. Proteomics and metabolomics revealed a unique mechanism of Bacillus self-resistance to Ami, based on a subtle equilibrium of its deactivation and activation by kinase AmiN and phosphatase AmiO, respectively. We developed uHT quantitative single-cell analysis to estimate antibiotic efficacy toward different microbiomes and used it to determine the activity spectra of Ami toward human and Siberian bear microbiota. Thus, uHT microfluidic droplet platform activity profiling is a powerful tool for discovering antibiotics and quantifying external influences on a microbiome.
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Pillar, Valério D., Carolina C. Blanco, Sandra C. Müller, Enio E. Sosinski, Fernando Joner, and Leandro D. S. Duarte. "Functional redundancy and stability in plant communities." Journal of Vegetation Science 24, no. 5 (May 9, 2013): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12047.

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Garrett, Sandra, and Barrett Caldwell. "Describing functional requirements for knowledge sharing communities." Behaviour & Information Technology 21, no. 5 (January 2002): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929021000050265.

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Dymova, A. A., M. M. Umarov, N. V. Kostina, M. V. Golichenkov, and M. V. Gorlenko. "Functional diversity of ant-associated bacterial communities." Biology Bulletin 43, no. 5 (September 2016): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359016050022.

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Saidalieva, Mahruy, and Mohiniso Bahromovna Hidirova. "FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES REGULATORIKA." Theoretical & Applied Science 12, no. 04 (April 30, 2014): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2014.04.12.2.

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Adebisi, A. A. "Changes in the structural and functional components of the fish community of a seasonal river." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 113, no. 3 (September 16, 1988): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/113/1988/457.

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Costley, Alex. "Rethinking the Assessment of Daily “Difficulties”: From Functional Bodies to Functional Communities." Anthropology & Aging 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2012.33.

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Keeney, Devon B., and Robert Poulin. "Functional Richness, Functional Evenness, and Use of Niche Space in Parasite Communities." Journal of Parasitology 93, no. 1 (February 2007): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-975r.1.

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Weigel, Benjamin, Thorsten Blenckner, and Erik Bonsdorff. "Maintained functional diversity in benthic communities in spite of diverging functional identities." Oikos 125, no. 10 (February 22, 2016): 1421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.02894.

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Ankenbrand, Markus J., Sonja C. Y. Hohlfeld, Lorenz Weber, Frank Förster, and Alexander Keller. "Functional exploration of natural networks and ecological communities." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 9 (July 30, 2018): 2028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13060.

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Muntadas, Alba, Silvia de Juan, and Montserrat Demestre. "Assessing functional redundancy in chronically trawled benthic communities." Ecological Indicators 61 (February 2016): 882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.041.

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DEVICTOR, VINCENT, ROMAIN JULLIARD, DENIS COUVET, ALEXANDRE LEE, and FRÉDÉRIC JIGUET. "Functional Homogenization Effect of Urbanization on Bird Communities." Conservation Biology 21, no. 3 (June 2007): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00671.x.

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Moody, Eric K., and Grace M. Wilkinson. "Functional shifts in lake zooplankton communities with hypereutrophication." Freshwater Biology 64, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13246.

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Si, Xingfeng, Marc W. Cadotte, Di Zeng, Andrés Baselga, Yuhao Zhao, Jiaqi Li, Yiru Wu, Siyu Wang, and Ping Ding. "Functional and phylogenetic structure of island bird communities." Journal of Animal Ecology 86, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12650.

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Mouillot, David, Sébastien Villéger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, and Norman W. H. Mason. "Functional Structure of Biological Communities Predicts Ecosystem Multifunctionality." PLoS ONE 6, no. 3 (March 10, 2011): e17476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017476.

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Tobor-Kapłon, M. A., J. Bloem, P. F. A. M. Römkens, and P. C. de Ruiter. "Functional stability of microbial communities in contaminated soils." Oikos 111, no. 1 (October 2005): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13512.x.

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Sechi, Valentina, Ron G. M. De Goede, Michiel Rutgers, Lijbert Brussaard, and Christian Mulder. "Functional diversity in nematode communities across terrestrial ecosystems." Basic and Applied Ecology 30 (August 2018): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.004.

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ZAK, J., M. WILLIG, D. MOORHEAD, and H. WILDMAN. "Functional diversity of microbial communities: A quantitative approach." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, no. 9 (September 1994): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90131-7.

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Alimov, A. F. "Structural and Functional Characteristics of Aquatic Animal Communities." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 76, no. 2 (1991): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19910760203.

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Deguines, Nicolas, Romain Julliard, Mathieu Flores, and Colin Fontaine. "Functional homogenization of flower visitor communities with urbanization." Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 7 (February 24, 2016): 1967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2009.

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Jakes, Pamela, Thomas Fish, Deborah Carr, and Dale Blahna. "Functional Communities: A Tool for National Forest Planning." Journal of Forestry 96, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.3.33.

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Abstract Working with residents of northern Wisconsin, the authors found 15 functional communities in and around the Chequamegon and Nicolet National Forests. Functional communities are geographic areas in which people share perceptions of and relationships to forests and natural resources. Several issues were raised by residents in all communities, including concern about development, high property taxes, day-use fees, maintaining access to natural resources, and maintaining the health and productivity of forest ecosystems. Forest planners will need to address these concerns.
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Lencioni, Valeria, Alessandra Franceschini, Francesca Paoli, and Daniele Debiasi. "Structural and functional changes in the macroinvertebrate community in Alpine stream networks fed by shrinking glaciers." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 194, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2020/1315.

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Mazhorina, M. V. "Community Law (Lex Communitas) as a Modern Stage in the Lex Mercatoria Development." Actual Problems of Russian Law 18, no. 6 (May 4, 2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2023.151.6.105-114.

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The concept of the medieval lex mercatoria is experiencing a renaissance in the context of the global spread of information and communication technologies and the scaling of cyberspace. Globalization was replaced by networkization, which gave rise to the phenomena of networks, network communities, network communications, and network law. The author has chosen an appropriate research angle — a look at the lex mercatoria through the prism of the current network world order. This led to the conceptualization of lex communitas as «community law», which is the main object of the study. Lex communitas is considered as a modern historical form of lex mercatoria, mediating the non-state rule-making of international professional communities, the multiplying functional subsystems of which include lex informatica, lex sportiva, lex constructionis, lex petrolea, lex proprietas intellectualis, lex cryptographia, sustainable business law (sustainable business law), etc. Affiliation with one or another professional community is the basis for the application of the norms of lex communitas. This approach, in a sense, opens up prospects for posing the problem of the grounds for legitimacy, of ways to legitimize the norms of non-state regulation in the subject area of private international law. The concept of lex communitas correlates with how the modern system of resolving cross-border private law disputes is being transformed, increasingly moving to an extrajudicial plane: from international commercial arbitration to platform and decentralized systems. The paper attempts to identify certain features of the current stage of development of the lex mercatoria, the quantitative composition of the norms of which is rapidly multiplying in parallel with the ongoing qualitative changes in the system of regulation of cross-border private law relations.
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Pires-Teixeira, Larissa M., Vinicius Neres-Lima, and Joel C. Creed. "How Do Biological and Functional Diversity Change in Invaded Tropical Marine Rocky Reef Communities?" Diversity 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080353.

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Evidence so far shows that most alien species (AS) have negative impacts on native biodiversity and are changing biodiversity in almost all environments. Here, we study eight rocky shores at four sites containing reefs with invaded communities and other not-invaded (control) communities, to evaluate the effects of four marine invasive species on biological and functional diversity. We used the adjustment and selection approach of species abundance distribution models (SAD), taxonomic diversity indices and functional diversity indices based on hierarchical grouping matrices (FD—Functional Diversity). In addition to comparing invaded and not-invaded communities, we also performed the same analysis, but removed the invaders (AS removed) from the matrices. The geometric-series model was best adjusted to the majority of communities. The diversity indices suggest that the taxonomic diversity is lower in invaded communities, while the functional diversity indices suggest a change in the functional space of invaded and not-invaded communities, with a greater amount of functional space filled by species in the not-invaded communities. Taxonomic and functional diversity indices were successful in identifying processes that determine the biological diversity of invaded communities, as they seem to obey a pattern that reflects the reduced diversity of invaded communities.
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Song, Naiqi, Jin-Tun Zhang, and Fenggu Zhao. "The PCA index for measuring functional diversity and its application to Juglans mandshurica communities in the Beijing mountains, China." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 07 (September 21, 2017): 1750097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500978.

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Methods for measuring functional diversity are essential for functional studies of plant communities. A useful method, the PCA index, based on principal component analysis ordination of functional trait data was introduced and applied to functional diversity analysis of Juglans mandshurica communities in the Beijing Mountains. Thirty-five [Formula: see text] quadrats were established in Juglans mandshurica communities. Species composition, functional traits and environmental factors were measured and recorded. The four common indices, FAD, MFAD, FDp and FDc, were used and compared with the PCA index in the analysis. The results showed that the PCA index was successful in quantifying functional diversity and describing its relationships with environmental variables; therefore, it was an effective index in functional diversity analyses. Functional diversity in Juglans mandshuricacommunities varied widely. Elevation and aspect were the key factors affecting functional diversity in communities. Functional diversity increased with elevation increases and with the change in aspect from North to South. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with species richness and heterogeneity.
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Bubna, Amit, Sanjiv R. Das, and Nagpurnanand Prabhala. "Venture Capital Communities." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 621–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002210901900005x.

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Although venture capitalists (VCs) can choose from thousands of potential syndicate partners, many co-syndicate with small groups of preferred partners. We term these groups “VC communities.” We apply computational methods from the physical sciences to 3 decades of syndication data to identify these communities. We find that communities comprise VCs that are similar in age, connectedness, and functional style but undifferentiated in spatial location. Machine-learning tools classify communities into 3 groups roughly ordered by their age and reach. Community VC financing is associated with faster maturation and greater innovation, especially for early-stage firms without an innovation history.
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42

Mohapatra, Anwesha, Vineet Bhatt, Swadha Anand, Kuntal K. Bhusan, and Sharmila S. Mande. "Functional Potential of Bacterial Communities using Gene Context Information." Canadian Journal of Biotechnology 1, Special Issue-Supplement (December 11, 2017): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2017-a205.

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43

Jin Tun, Zhang, Fan Lihong, and Li Min. "Functional diversity in plant communities: Theory and analysis methods." African Journal of Biotechnology 11, no. 5 (January 16, 2012): 1014–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.3122.

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44

Domoto, Takaaki. "Functional Changes of Social Groups in Urbanizing Rural Communities." Journal of Rural Problems 23, no. 3 (1987): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.23.127.

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Gunton, Richard M., Sandrine Petit, and Sabrina Gaba. "Functional traits relating arable weed communities to crop characteristics." Journal of Vegetation Science 22, no. 3 (March 16, 2011): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01273.x.

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Céréghino, Régis, Céline Leroy, Jean-François Carrias, Laurent Pelozuelo, Caroline Ségura, Christopher Bosc, Alain Dejean, and Bruno Corbara. "Ant-plant mutualisms promote functional diversity in phytotelm communities." Functional Ecology 25, no. 5 (May 13, 2011): 954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01863.x.

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Keiser, Ashley D., David A. Keiser, Michael S. Strickland, and Mark A. Bradford. "Disentangling the mechanisms underlying functional differences among decomposer communities." Journal of Ecology 102, no. 3 (February 25, 2014): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12220.

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48

Kazanov, Marat D., Alexey G. Vitreschak, and Mikhail S. Gelfand. "Abundance and functional diversity of riboswitches in microbial communities." BMC Genomics 8, no. 1 (2007): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-8-347.

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Devictor, Vincent, Romain Julliard, Joanne Clavel, Frédéric Jiguet, Alexandre Lee, and Denis Couvet. "Functional biotic homogenization of bird communities in disturbed landscapes." Global Ecology and Biogeography 17, no. 2 (March 2008): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00364.x.

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Chipkin, Ivor. "'Functional' and 'Dysfunctional' Communities: The Making of National Citizens." Journal of Southern African Studies 29, no. 1 (March 2003): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305707032000060520.

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