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1
Sharipov, Olimjon Sh, and Martin Wendler. "Bootstrapping covariance operators of functional time series." Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 32, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 648–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485252.2020.1771334.
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Shang, Han Lin. "Bootstrapping Long-Run Covariance of Stationary Functional Time Series." Forecasting 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2024): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast6010008.
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A key summary statistic in a stationary functional time series is the long-run covariance function that measures serial dependence. It can be consistently estimated via a kernel sandwich estimator, which is the core of dynamic functional principal component regression for forecasting functional time series. To measure the uncertainty of the long-run covariance estimation, we consider sieve and functional autoregressive (FAR) bootstrap methods to generate pseudo-functional time series and study variability associated with the long-run covariance. The sieve bootstrap method is nonparametric (i.e., model-free), while the FAR bootstrap method is semi-parametric. The sieve bootstrap method relies on functional principal component analysis to decompose a functional time series into a set of estimated functional principal components and their associated scores. The scores can be bootstrapped via a vector autoregressive representation. The bootstrapped functional time series are obtained by multiplying the bootstrapped scores by the estimated functional principal components. The FAR bootstrap method relies on the FAR of order 1 to model the conditional mean of a functional time series, while residual functions can be bootstrapped via independent and identically distributed resampling. Through a series of Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate and compare the finite-sample accuracy between the sieve and FAR bootstrap methods for quantifying the estimation uncertainty of the long-run covariance of a stationary functional time series.
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Beutner, Eric, and Henryk Zähle. "Bootstrapping Average Value at Risk of Single and Collective Risks." Risks 6, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6030096.
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Almost sure bootstrap consistency of the blockwise bootstrap for the Average Value at Risk of single risks is established for strictly stationary β -mixing observations. Moreover, almost sure bootstrap consistency of a multiplier bootstrap for the Average Value at Risk of collective risks is established for independent observations. The main results rely on a new functional delta-method for the almost sure bootstrap of uniformly quasi-Hadamard differentiable statistical functionals, to be presented here. The latter seems to be interesting in its own right.
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Okada, Hiroki, Shinsaku Kiyomoto, and Carlos Cid. "Integer-Wise Functional Bootstrapping on TFHE: Applications in Secure Integer Arithmetics." Information 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080297.
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TFHE is a fast fully homomorphic encryption scheme proposed by Chillotti et al. in Asiacrypt’ 2018. Integer-wise TFHE is a generalized version of TFHE that can encrypt the plaintext of an integer that was implicitly presented by Chillotti et al., and Bourse et al. presented the actual form of the scheme in CRYPTO’ 2018. However, Bourse et al.’s scheme provides only homomorphic integer additions and homomorphic evaluations of a sign function. In this paper, we construct a technique for operating any 1-variable function in only one bootstrapping of the integer-wise TFHE. For applications of the scheme, we also construct a useful homomorphic evaluation of several integer arithmetics: division, equality test, and multiplication between integer and binary numbers. Our implementation results show that our homomorphic division is approximately 3.4 times faster than any existing work and that its run time is less than 1 second for 4-bit integer inputs.
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Rondal, Jean A., and Anne Cession. "Input evidence regarding the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis." Journal of Child Language 17, no. 3 (October 1990): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900010965.
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ABSTRACTThe input language addressed to 18 language-learning children (MLU 1.00–3.00) was analysed so as to assess the quality of the semanticsyntactic correspondence posited by the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis. The correspondence appears to be quite satisfactory with little variation from the lower to the higher MLUs. All the persons and things referred to in the corpora were labelled by the mothers using nouns. All the actions referred to were labelled using verbs. Most of the attributive information was conveyed by adjectives. Spatial information was expressed through the use of spatial prepositions. As to the functional categories, all agents of actions and causes of events were encoded as subjects of sentences. All patients, themes, sources, goals, locations, and instruments were encoded as objects of sentences (either direct or oblique). This good semantic-syntactic correspondence may make the child's construction of grammatical categories easier.
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Shang, Han Lin. "Double bootstrapping for visualizing the distribution of descriptive statistics of functional data." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 91, no. 10 (February 10, 2021): 2116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2021.1885670.
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Silaban, Daniel Ebenezer, and Irsad Lubis. "BOOTSTRAPPING ANALYSIS OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE INSPECTORATE PERFORMANCE." Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Manajemen 16, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jrbm.v16i1.7228.
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The goal of this study is to analyze the factors that influence how well the inspectorate in the province of North Sumatra performs. This research is important because it aims to evaluate the performance of the inspectorate's officials and staff in North Sumatra Province so that measures may be taken to raise employee professionalism and quality. The Smart PLS program was employed as the basis for the quantitative research approach. The research subjects were 48 officials and workers in the functional position of auditors who were taken using the Slovin technique. The results indicate that the inspectorate of the North Sumatra Province performs poorly, particularly when it comes to the implementation of good governance and leadership commitment, where indirect good governance has not been able to mediate leadership commitment.
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Brodal, Gerth Stølting, and Chris Okasaki. "Optimal purely functional priority queues." Journal of Functional Programming 6, no. 6 (November 1996): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679680000201x.
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AbstractBrodal recently introduced the first implementation of imperative priority queues to supportfindMin, insertandmeldinO(1) worst-case time, anddeleteMininO(logn) worst-case time. These bounds are asymptotically optimal among all comparison-based priority queues. In this paper, we adapt Brodal's data structure to a purely functional setting. In doing so, we both simplify the data structure and clarify its relationship to the binomial queues of Vuillemin, which support all four operations inO(logn) time. Specifically, we derive our implementation from binomial queues in three steps: first, we reduce the running time ofinserttoO(1) by eliminating the possibility of cascading links; second, we reduce the running time offindMintoO(1) by adding a global root to hold the minimum element; and finally, we reduce the running time ofmeldtoO(1) by allowing priority queues to contain other priority queues. Each of these steps is expressed using ML-style functors. The last transformation, known as data-structural bootstrapping, is an interesting application of higher-order functors and recursive structures.
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LÖFQVIST, LARS. "PRODUCT INNOVATION IN SMALL COMPANIES: MANAGING RESOURCE SCARCITY THROUGH FINANCIAL BOOTSTRAPPING." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 02 (February 2017): 1750020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500207.
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Researchers have proposed that scarce resources are the main factor hindering product innovation in small companies. However, despite scarce resources, small companies do innovate, so the research question is: How do small companies manage resource scarcity in product innovation? To answer the research question a multiple case study of three small established companies and their product innovation was used, including interviews and observations over a period of five months. The small companies were found to use many different bootstrapping methods in combination within their product innovation. The methods can be classified into three different functional categories: bootstrapping methods for increasing resources, for using existing resources more efficiently, and those for securing a fast payback on resources put into product innovation. Due to their resource scarcity, the studied companies also favoured an innovation strategy only involving new products done with known technology and targeting existing markets. This strategy seems to avoid unsuccessful innovation but at the same time exclude technologically radical innovation.
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Dar, Davood, Lionel Lacombe, and Neepa T. Maitra. "The exact exchange–correlation potential in time-dependent density functional theory: Choreographing electrons with steps and peaks." Chemical Physics Reviews 3, no. 3 (September 2022): 031307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096627.
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The time-dependent exchange–correlation potential has the unusual task of directing fictitious non-interacting electrons to move with exactly the same probability density as true interacting electrons. This has intriguing implications for its structure, especially in the non-perturbative regime, leading to step and peak features that cannot be captured by bootstrapping any ground-state functional approximation. We review what has been learned about these features in the exact exchange–correlation potential of time-dependent density functional theory in the past decade or so and implications for the performance of simulations when electrons are driven far from any ground state.
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Chang, Chung, and R. Todd Ogden. "Bootstrapping sums of independent but not identically distributed continuous processes with applications to functional data." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 100, no. 6 (July 2009): 1291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2008.11.008.
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Lu, Mengyuan, and Baozhong Yi. "Homestay customers' perceived value mediates the influence of customer participation and host–customer interaction on customer satisfaction." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 50, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11375.
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With the rapid development of homestay accommodation, it is urgent to study the mechanism of satisfaction of guests as customers. We used value cocreation theory to explore customer participation and host–customer interaction as antecedents of customer perceived value, and how this then influenced their satisfaction. We analyzed data from 344 homestay guests using partial least squares regression and bootstrapping analysis. The results show that customer participation and host–customer interaction affected customers' perception of the functional, emotional, and social value of the homestay experience. Furthermore, perceived functional, emotional, and social value mediated the relationships of customer participation, host–customer interaction, and customer satisfaction. Our results have implications for the improvement of customer satisfaction.
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Ribeiro, Fernanda L., Felipe R. C. dos Santos, João R. Sato, Walter H. L. Pinaya, and Claudinei E. Biazoli. "Inferring the heritability of large-scale functional networks with a multivariate ACE modeling approach." Network Neuroscience 5, no. 2 (2021): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00189.
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Abstract Recent evidence suggests that the human functional connectome is stable at different timescales and is unique. These characteristics posit the functional connectome not only as an individual marker but also as a powerful discriminatory measure characterized by high intersubject variability. Among distinct sources of intersubject variability, the long-term sources include functional patterns that emerge from genetic factors. Here, we sought to investigate the contribution of additive genetic factors to the variability of functional networks by determining the heritability of the connectivity strength in a multivariate fashion. First, we reproduced and extended the connectome fingerprinting analysis to the identification of twin pairs. Then, we estimated the heritability of functional networks by a multivariate ACE modeling approach with bootstrapping. Twin pairs were identified above chance level using connectome fingerprinting, with monozygotic twin identification accuracy equal to 57.2% on average for whole-brain connectome. Additionally, we found that a visual (0.37), the medial frontal (0.31), and the motor (0.30) functional networks were the most influenced by additive genetic factors. Our findings suggest that genetic factors not only partially determine intersubject variability of the functional connectome, such that twins can be identified using connectome fingerprinting, but also differentially influence connectivity strength in large-scale functional networks.
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Lee, Chih-Yuan Steven, Bryan J. Dik, and Lauren A. Barbara. "Intergenerational Solidarity and Individual Adjustment During Emerging Adulthood." Journal of Family Issues 37, no. 10 (January 19, 2015): 1412–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14567957.
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In this study, we aimed to extend research on the theory of intergenerational solidarity by examining the associations between solidarity dimensions and individual adjustment among an ethnically diverse sample of college-attending emerging adults (age range: 18-25 years; N = 600). We proposed a multiple mediator model, hypothesizing that normative solidarity (familism) would be associated with individual adjustment, particularly academic satisfaction, psychological distress, and loneliness, directly and indirectly through associational solidarity, affectual solidarity, and functional solidarity. Analysis results showed that familism was directly and positively related to depressive symptoms. Indirect effects based on bootstrapping also were found in that affectual solidarity mediated the association between familism and loneliness, and functional solidarity mediated the relationships between familism and each of the three adjustment criterion variables examined in this study. Findings lend support to the importance of family influence, through intergenerational solidarity, on the well-being of emerging adults attending college.
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Adham, M. I., S. M. Shirazi, F. Othman, S. Rahman, Z. Yusop, and Z. Ismail. "Runoff Potentiality of a Watershed through SCS and Functional Data Analysis Technique." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/379763.
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Runoff potentiality of a watershed was assessed based on identifying curve number (CN), soil conservation service (SCS), and functional data analysis (FDA) techniques. Daily discrete rainfall data were collected from weather stations in the study area and analyzed through lowess method for smoothing curve. As runoff data represents a periodic pattern in each watershed, Fourier series was introduced to fit the smooth curve of eight watersheds. Seven terms of Fourier series were introduced for the watersheds 5 and 8, while 8 terms of Fourier series were used for the rest of the watersheds for the best fit of data. Bootstrapping smooth curve analysis reveals that watersheds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 are with monthly mean runoffs of 29, 24, 22, 23, 26, and 27 mm, respectively, and these watersheds would likely contribute to surface runoff in the study area. The purpose of this study was to transform runoff data into a smooth curve for representing the surface runoff pattern and mean runoff of each watershed through statistical method. This study provides information of runoff potentiality of each watershed and also provides input data for hydrological modeling.
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Jung, Suji, and Naya Choi. "Effect of Family Functioning on Preschoolers’ School Readiness: Mediating Effects of Mothers’ Affective Parenting and Preschoolers’ Self-regulation." Family and Environment Research 58, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2020.001.
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This study examined if the effect of family functioning on preschoolers’ school readiness can be mediated by mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ self-regulation in the year before children enter elementary school. This study analyzed the 7<sup>th</sup> year data of panel study of Korean children collected by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education. Statistical analysis included 1,513 pairs of 6-year-old children and mothers. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis were conducted using SPSS 22 and Amos 20. The primary findings were as follows. First, the sub-factors of preschoolers’ school readiness composed of children’s social and emotional development, approach to learning, cognitive development and general knowledge, and communication were positively correlated with family functioning, mothers’ affective parenting, and preschoolers’ self-regulation. Second, the result of structural equation modeling showed that the indirect paths from family functioning to preschoolers’ school readiness through mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ self-regulation were significant, while the direct path was insignificant. Third, bootstrapping analysis showed that mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ self-regulation fully mediated the relationship between family functioning and preschoolers’ self-regulation. The findings provide the grounds for families and parents with preschool aged children to implement effective support practices to maintain a functional family system that can promote preschoolers’ school readiness.
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Lian, Cheng, Lingzi Zhu, Zhigang Zeng, Yixin Su, Wei Yao, and Huiming Tang. "Constructing prediction intervals for landslide displacement using bootstrapping random vector functional link networks selective ensemble with neural networks switched." Neurocomputing 291 (May 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2018.02.046.
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Dowling, Maritza, Hiroko Dodge, Antonio Puente, and Beverly Lunsford. "Mediators of the Relationship Between Functional Limitations and Loneliness Among Homebound African Americans." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.941.
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Abstract Physical/functional limitations are known to lead to loneliness, but there is little research on protective factors that may mediate their adverse association, particularly in vulnerable populations. This study used cross-sectional survey data from 147 (aged 58-90 years; 75% females) predominantly low-income African American homebound community dwellers to investigate the role of resilience and social connectedness in mediating the effect of physical/functional limitations on loneliness. Items from validated instruments were used to measure four latent variables (physical/functional limitations, resilience, loneliness and social connectedness). Structural parallel mediator models estimated each path in the mediation analysis controlling for gender, education, and age. Confidence intervals for mediation effects were generated via bias-corrected bootstrapping with 10,000 replications. The total effect of physical/functional limitations on perceived loneliness was significant. Social connectedness and resilience fully and significantly mediated the relationship between physical/functional limitations and loneliness. The indirect effect (B =.143; 95% CI = .047, .280) for the physical/functional limitations-resilience-loneliness pathway indicated that the positive effect of physical/functional limitations on loneliness was approximately 0.143 points lower as mediated by higher resilience. The indirect path of physical/functional limitations on loneliness through the mediation of social connectedness (B =.077; 95% CI = .010, .168) yielded a reduction of .077 points. The total amount of variance in feelings of loneliness accounted for by the overall model, which included the proposed mediators and control variables, was 48.6%. Interventions to build resilience and social interactions may attenuate the effects of physical/functional disability and loneliness on health outcomes in individuals at risk.
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Llopis-Albert, Carlos, William Ricardo Venegas Toro, Nidal Farhat, Pau Zamora-Ortiz, and Álvaro Felipe Page Del Pozo. "A New Method for Time Normalization Based on the Continuous Phase: Application to Neck Kinematics." Mathematics 9, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9233138.
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There is growing interest in analyzing human movement data for clinical, sport, and ergonomic applications. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) has emerged as an advanced statistical method for overcoming the shortcomings of traditional analytic methods, because the information about continuous signals can be assessed over time. This paper takes the current literature a step further by presenting a new time scale normalization method, based on the Hilbert transform, for the analysis of functional data and the assessment of the effect on the variability of human movement waveforms. Furthermore, a quantitative comparison of well-known methods for normalizing datasets of temporal biomechanical waveforms using functional data is carried out, including the linear normalization method and nonlinear registration methods of functional data. This is done using an exhaustive database of human neck flexion-extension movements, which encompasses 423 complete cycles of 31 healthy subjects measured in two trials of the experiment on different days. The results show the advantages of the novel method compared to existing techniques in terms of computational cost and the effectiveness of time-scale normalization on the phase differences of curves and on the amplitude of means, which are assessed by Root Mean Square (RMS) values of functional means of angles, angular velocities, and angular accelerations. Additionally, the confidence intervals are obtained through a bootstrapping process.
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Kwon, Hyeokhyen, Bingyao Wang, Gregory D. Abowd, and Thomas Plötz. "Approaching the Real-World." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478096.
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Recently, IMUTube introduced a paradigm change for bootstrapping human activity recognition (HAR) systems for wearables. The key idea is to utilize videos of activities to support training activity recognizers based on inertial measurement units (IMUs). This system retrieves video from public repositories and subsequently generates virtual IMU data from this. The ultimate vision for such a system is to make large amounts of weakly labeled videos accessible for model training in HAR and, as such, to overcome one of the most pressing issues in the field: the lack of significant amounts of labeled sample data. In this paper we present the first in-detail exploration of IMUTube in a realistic assessment scenario: the analysis of free-weight gym exercises. We make significant progress towards a flexible, fully-functional IMUTube system by extending it such that it can handle a range of artifacts that are common in unrestricted online videos, including various forms of video noise, non-human poses, body part occlusions, and extreme camera and human motion. By overcoming these real-world challenges, we are able to generate high-quality virtual IMU data, which allows us to employ IMUTube for practical analysis tasks. We show that HAR systems trained by incorporating virtual sensor data generated by IMUTube significantly outperform baseline models trained only with real IMU data. In doing so we demonstrate the practical utility of IMUTube and the progress made towards the final vision of the new bootstrapping paradigm.
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VandenHeuvel, Daniel J., Christopher Drovandi, and Matthew J. Simpson. "Computationally efficient mechanism discovery for cell invasion with uncertainty quantification." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): e1010599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010599.
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Parameter estimation for mathematical models of biological processes is often difficult and depends significantly on the quality and quantity of available data. We introduce an efficient framework using Gaussian processes to discover mechanisms underlying delay, migration, and proliferation in a cell invasion experiment. Gaussian processes are leveraged with bootstrapping to provide uncertainty quantification for the mechanisms that drive the invasion process. Our framework is efficient, parallelisable, and can be applied to other biological problems. We illustrate our methods using a canonical scratch assay experiment, demonstrating how simply we can explore different functional forms and develop and test hypotheses about underlying mechanisms, such as whether delay is present. All code and data to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/DanielVandH/EquationLearning.jl.
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Rutten, Jacob P., and Kirsten H. Ten Tusscher. "Bootstrapping and Pinning down the Root Meristem; the Auxin–PLT–ARR Network Unites Robustness and Sensitivity in Meristem Growth Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094731.
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After germination, the meristem of the embryonic plant root becomes activated, expands in size and subsequently stabilizes to support post-embryonic root growth. The plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, together with master transcription factors of the PLETHORA (PLT) family have been shown to form a regulatory network that governs the patterning of this root meristem. Still, which functional constraints contributed to shaping the dynamics and architecture of this network, has largely remained unanswered. Using a combination of modeling approaches we reveal how the interplay between auxin and PLTs enables meristem activation in response to above-threshold stimulation, while its embedding in a PIN-mediated auxin reflux loop ensures localized PLT transcription and thereby, a finite meristem size. We furthermore demonstrate how this constrained PLT transcriptional domain enables independent control of meristem size and division rates, further supporting a division of labor between auxin and PLT. We subsequently reveal how the weaker auxin antagonism of the earlier active Arabidopsis response regulator 12 (ARR12) may arise from the absence of a DELLA protein interaction domain. Our model indicates that this reduced strength is essential to prevent collapse in the early stages of meristem expansion while at later stages the enhanced strength of Arabidopsis response regulator 1 (ARR1) is required for sufficient meristem size control. Summarizing, our work indicates that functional constraints significantly contribute to shaping the auxin–cytokinin–PLT regulatory network.
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Scott, Rosanna, Chelsea Wiener, and Daniel Paulson. "FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION IN LATER LIFE: THE IMPACT OF SIPS, SOCIALIZATION, AND SADNESS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2089.
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Abstract Recent studies posit discrepant impacts of alcohol use on health outcomes. Potential reasons for contrasting results include: (1) selection bias involved in classifying individuals as “abstainers” or “drinkers,” (2) unexamined demographic variables associated with alcohol use, and (3) unaddressed mechanisms of action. Given new studies identifying socialization as a mediator between alcohol use and health outcomes, this study examines social interaction and depressive symptoms, respectively, as serial mediators in the relationship between moderate alcohol use and functional limitation, while employing methods to reduce selection bias. HRS data from 2012 and 2014 were utilized (n=1,902); heavy drinkers, adults younger than 65, and respondents with inconsistent alcohol use from 2008 to 2014 were excluded. Hypotheses were evaluated using a longitudinal serial mediation model with bias-corrected bootstrapping. Results indicated that, in the context of demographic variables, medical burden, and previous functional limitation, the beneficial relationship between moderate alcohol use and future functional limitation is only present when considering social interaction and depressive symptoms as mediators, both individually and serially (variance accounted for=39.4%). There was no direct effect of moderate alcohol use on functional limitation outside the context of these mediators. Data indicate that previously suggested relationships between moderate drinking and reduced functional limitation are better explained through increased social interaction and subsequent reduced depressive symptoms. Results identify social interaction as an accessible treatment target to prevent/reduce depressive symptoms and functional limitation in later-life, and support increased assessment of IADLs in adults experiencing depressive symptoms to facilitate early treatment/prevention of functional limitation.
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Lopes, Miles E., Zhenhua Lin, and Hans-Georg Müller. "Bootstrapping max statistics in high dimensions: Near-parametric rates under weak variance decay and application to functional and multinomial data." Annals of Statistics 48, no. 2 (April 2020): 1214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/19-aos1844.
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Gashema, Bruce, and Yongqiang Gao. "Strengthening Managerial Innovation Behavior in the SMEs." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 7, no. 3 (November 20, 2018): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v7i3.883.
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Managerial innovation as an internal change agent plays a central role in coping with the speed of today’s fast-paced customer demand and highly competitive market, yet previous studies paid less attention to the potential measures of strengthening managerial innovation behavior within organizations. Drawing from transformational leadership theory, the current study shed new light on this issue by examining the role of CEO transformational leadership (TFL), innovation culture (IC) and cross-functional integration (CFI) in advancing managerial innovation behavior in SMEs. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 434 respondents from 24 SMEs operating in Rwanda was conducted. To genuinely analyze the relationship between the variables hypothesized in this study, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping technique using Amos 23 and SPSS 24. The overall findings revealed that the relationship proposed in the model were significantly supported. However, our new mechanism implying innovation culture and cross-functional integration in the relationship between CEO transformational leadership and managerial innovation behavior, provide a substantial contribution to management literature.
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Gong, Xiuquan, Zhao Ni, and Bei Wu. "The mediating roles of functional limitations and social support on the relationship between vision impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults." Ageing and Society 40, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001010.
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AbstractVision impairment is prevalent and it is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of functional limitations and social support on the relationship between vision impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults. This study used data from a probability-based sample of 1,093 adults aged 60 and older in Shanghai, China. Structural equation models were used to examine the structural relationships among sets of variables simultaneously, including vision impairment, activities of daily living ADLs, instrumental ADLs (IADLs), friends support, family support, relatives support and depressive symptoms. The bootstrapping method and the program PRODCLIN were used to test the indirect effects of these variables. This study found that vision impairment was directly associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms, and the association was partially mediated by functional limitations (IADLs) and social support (friends support). The study demonstrates that improving social support from friends and enhancing social participation for visually impaired older adults can reduce depressive symptoms. More importantly, this study contributes to the knowledge of mediating mechanisms between vision impairment and depressive symptoms.
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Al-Momani, Marwan, and Mohammad Arashi. "Ridge-Type Pretest and Shrinkage Estimation Strategies in Spatial Error Models with an Application to a Real Data Example." Mathematics 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2024): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12030390.
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Spatial regression models are widely available across several disciplines, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, econometrics, and house price analysis. In nature, sparsity occurs when a limited number of factors strongly impact overall variation. Sparse covariance structures are common in spatial regression models. The spatial error model is a significant spatial regression model that focuses on the geographical dependence present in the error terms rather than the response variable. This study proposes an effective approach using the pretest and shrinkage ridge estimators for estimating the vector of regression coefficients in the spatial error mode, considering insignificant coefficients and multicollinearity among regressors. The study compares the performance of the proposed estimators with the maximum likelihood estimator and assesses their efficacy using real-world data and bootstrapping techniques for comparison purposes.
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Hofmeijer, Jeannette, H. Bart van der Worp, L. Jaap Kappelle, Sara Eshuis, Ale Algra, and Jacoba P. Greving. "Cost-Effectiveness of Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Hemispheric Infarction." Stroke 44, no. 10 (October 2013): 2923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.113.002445.
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Background and Purpose— Surgical decompression reduces mortality and increases the probability of a favorable functional outcome after space-occupying hemispheric infarction. Its cost-effectiveness is uncertain. Methods— We assessed clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness for the first 3 years in patients who were randomized to surgical decompression or best medical treatment within 48 hours after symptom onset in the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction With Life-Threatening Edema Trial (HAMLET). Data on medical consumption were derived from case record files, hospital charts, and general practitioners. We calculated costs per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Uncertainty was assessed with bootstrapping. A Markov model was constructed to estimate costs and health outcomes after 3 years. Results— Of 39 patients enrolled within 48 hours, 21 were randomized to surgical decompression. After 3 years, 5 surgical (24%) and 14 medical patients (78%) had died. In the first 3 years after enrollment, operated patients had more QALYs than medically treated patients (mean difference, 1.0 QALY [95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.4]), but at higher costs (mean difference, €127 000 [95% confidence interval, 73 100–181 000]), indicating incremental costs of €127 000 per QALY gained. Ninety-eight percent of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios replicated by bootstrapping were >€80 000 per QALY gained. Markov modeling suggested costs of ≈€60 000 per QALY gained for a patient’s lifetime. Conclusions— Surgical decompression for space-occupying infarction results in an increase in QALYs, but at very high costs. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com . Unique identifier: ISRCTN94237756.
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Griffin, Julian L., Stephanie A. Bonney, Chris Mann, Abdul M. Hebbachi, Geoff F. Gibbons, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Carol C. Shoulders, and James Scott. "An integrated reverse functional genomic and metabolic approach to understanding orotic acid-induced fatty liver." Physiological Genomics 17, no. 2 (April 13, 2004): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00158.2003.
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In functional genomics, DNA microarrays for gene expression profiling are increasingly being used to provide insights into biological function or pathology. To better understand the significance of the multiple transcriptional changes across a time period, the temporal changes in phenotype must be described. Orotic acid-induced fatty liver disease was investigated at the transcriptional and metabolic levels using microarrays and metabolic profiling in two strains of rats. High-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis of liver tissue indicated that Kyoto rats compared with Wistar rats are predisposed to the insult. Metabolite analysis and gene expression profiling following orotic acid treatment identified perturbed metabolic pathways, including those involved in fatty acid, triglyceride, and phospholipid synthesis, β-oxidation, altered nucleotide, methyl donor, and carbohydrate metabolism, and stress responses. Multivariate analysis and statistical bootstrapping were used to investigate co-responses with transcripts involved in metabolism and stress responses. This reverse functional genomic strategy highlighted the relationship between changes in the transcription of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and those of other lipid-related transcripts with changes in NMR-derived lipid profiles. The results suggest that the integration of 1H-NMR and gene expression data sets represents a robust method for identifying a focused line of research in a complex system.
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Meagher, Margaret Frances, Dattatraya H. Patil, Kazutaka Saito, Brittney Cotta, Yosuke Yasuda, Aaron Bradshaw, Ahmed Eldefrawy, et al. "Development and validation of a novel scoring index (C-reactive protein, age, race, and tumor size) to predict renal functional decline post partial nephrectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.597.
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597 Background: Functional decline is a sequelae of extirpative renal surgery with potential for significant morbidity. We utilized pre-operative patient demographics, C-reactive protein, and tumor size to design and validate a novel scoring index to predict functional decline post partial nephrectomy. Methods: A multi-institutional dataset was utilized for analysis of patients with pre-operative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60mL/min/1.73m2 by CKD-EPI equation. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was carried out for potential variables associated with development of post-operative chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IIIB at last follow-up (eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73m2). Significant variables were included in the predictive model and assigned an index score based on odds ratio. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate predictive validity, and bootstrapping technique was utilized to validate the model. Results: 924 patients were analyzed. 826 patients had post-operative eGFR > 45, while 111 patients had eGFR. Factors on MVA independently associated with increased risk of development of eGFR < 45 included age 65+ (OR = 2.6, p < 0.001), African-American race (OR = 2.3, p = 0.006), C-reactive protein level > 0.5mg/dL (OR = 5.3, p < 0.001), and tumor size > 4 cm (OR = 1.458, p = 0.189). For CART (C-reactive protein, Age, Race, Tumor size) score, the following values were assigned: age ( < 65 = 1, age > 65 = 3), race (non-African-American = 1, African-American = 2), tumor size ( < 4 = 1, > 4cm = 2), and CRP ( < 0.5mg/dL = 1, > 0.5mg/dL = 4). Analysis demonstrated 2.6% (12/469) of patients with a low (4-6) score had de novo eGFR < 45 postoperatively, while 35% (41/117) of patients with a high (10-11) score had de novo eGFR < 45. ROC analysis revealed AUC of 0.778, and ROC bootstrapping validation of 95 randomly selected patients revealed an AUC of 0.808. Conclusions: CART score represents a novel composite score that significantly predicts development of eGFR < 45 after surgery. This scoring system may assist in patient counseling and clinical decision making, as well as an impetus to improve outcomes in at-risk patient subgroups.
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Yu, Sze Tim Sonia, Mong-lin Yu, Ted Brown, and Hanna Andrews. "Association between older adults’ functional performance and their scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)." Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 46, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijot-07-2017-0020.
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Purpose The paper aims to investigate if the performance of older adults on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were associated or predictive of their functional performance in a geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) inpatient hospital setting. This will inform the occupational therapy assessment and management of older adults admitted to sub-acute GEM settings. Design/methodology/approach In all, 20 participants (11 men, 9 women, mean age 82 years, SD = 6.93) were recruited from a GEM ward in an Australian hospital. Participants’ cognitive abilities were assessed using the MMSE and MoCA, and their functional performance were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Spearman’s rho correlations and linear regression analyses were completed. Bootstrapping was applied to the regression analyses to accommodate the small study sample size. Findings No statistically significant correlations were obtained between the total and subscale scores of the MMSE and FIM or between the total and subscale scores of the MoCA and FIM. In other words, the cognitive and functional abilities of older adults admitted to a GEM setting were not significantly associated in this study. Originality/value The findings suggest that the MoCA and the MMSE were not predictive of participants’ functional performance as measure by the FIM in a sub-acute GEM setting. Occupational therapists should be cautious when interpreting participants’ MMSE, MoCA and FIM results and not depend solely on these results in the goal setting and intervention planning processes for clients on GEM wards. Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
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Kwon, Woong, Hyun-Woo Lee, and YuKyoum Kim. "Creating Shared Values Between National Team Identity and Global Event Brand Equity." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 2 (March 21, 2015): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.2.177.
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We proposed and empirically examined a social identity-brand equity model for global sporting events. In the model, we focused on the functional organization of mutual benefits between fans' identification with a national team and global event brand equity. We applied a 2-step approach to assess the simultaneous equation models and utilized the bootstrapping method to examine the direct, indirect, and total effects. Participants were 280 students of diverse nationalities (102 women, 178 men; Mage = 23.84 years, age range: 18–37 years). The results indicated that attributes of local experience and global phenomena are intertwined in the formation of positive local identification with national teams and the brand equity of a global sporting event. Managers and researchers should further identify and elaborate on ways and means of creating value in order to foster the universal sport market.
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Runciman, Colin, and Niklas Röjemo. "New dimensions in heap profiling." Journal of Functional Programming 6, no. 4 (July 1996): 587–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679680000188x.
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AbstractFirst-generation heap profilers for lazy functional languages have proved to be effective tools for locating some kinds of space faults, but in other cases they cannot provide sufficient information to solve the problem. This paper describes the design, implementation and use of a new profiler that goes beyond the two-dimensional ‘who produces what’ view of heap cells to provide information about their more dynamic and structural attributes. Specifically, the new profiler can distinguish between cells according to their eventual lifetime, or on the basis of the closure retainers by virtue of which they remain part of the live heap. A bootstrapping Haskell compiler (nhc) hosts the implementation: among examples of the profiler's use we include self-application to nhc. Another example is the original heap-profiling case study clausify, which now consumes even less memory and is much faster.
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Raji, Ridwan Adetunji, Sabrina Rashid, and Sobhi Ishak. "The mediating effect of brand image on the relationships between social media advertising content, sales promotion content and behaviuoral intention." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 13, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 302–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-01-2018-0004.
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Purpose This study aims to answer an important question of how brand-related communications, including advertising and sales promotion contents, which are disseminated on social media platforms, can enhance positive brand image and evoke favourable behavioural intention from consumers. Design/methodology/approach This study surveys 615 consumers of automotive brands across Malaysia. The data were analysed with AMOS, which was used to specify both the measurement and structural models. The mediating effect of both hedonic and functional brand images was tested using the bootstrapping approach in AMOS and Sobel test. Findings The findings reported in this research demonstrate that there are positive and significant relationships between social media advertising content, social media sales promotion content, hedonic brand image, functional brand image and behavioural intention. Both hedonic and functional brand images have significant mediating effects on social media advertising content, social media sales promotion content and behavioural intention. However, the relationship between social media advertising content and behavioural intention is insignificant. Practical implications This paper proffers insights to brand managers and marketers on how to leverage on social media contents by unearthing the roles of traditional marketing communications such as social media advertising and promotional information in enhancing brand preference and improving consumers’ purchase intention. Originality/value This research advances the discussions in the realm of social media communications and branding by examining the mediating effects of both hedonic and functional brand images of automotive brands. In addition, this study focuses on two essential marketing communications, advertising and sales promotions, which are commonly disseminated by brand managers on social media platforms.
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de Lima Peixoto, Giselle, Sérgio Freitas de Siqueira, Silvana Angelina D’Orio Nishioka, Anísio Alexandre Andrade Pedrosa, Ricardo Alkmim Teixeira, Roberto Costa, and Martino Martinelli Filho. "Mortality risk score for patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and pacemaker." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 5 (May 9, 2024): e0012114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012114.
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Background Prognosis of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC) patients depends on functional and clinical factors. Bradyarrhythmia requiring pacemaker is a common complication. Prognosis of these patients is poorly studied, and mortality risk factors are unknown. We aimed to identify predictors of death and to define a risk score for mortality in a large cohort of CCC patients with pacemaker. Methods It was an observational, unicentric and prospective study. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of death and to define a risk score. Bootstrapping method was used to internal score validation. Results We included 555 patients and after a mean follow-up of 3.7±1.5 years, 100 (18%) deaths occurred. Predictors of death were: right ventricular dysfunction (HR [hazard ratio] 2.24; 95%CI 1.41–3.53; P = 0.001); heart failure class III or IV (HR 2.16; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.16–4.00; P = 0.014); renal disease (HR 2.14; 95%CI 1.24–3.68; P = 0.006); left ventricular end-systolic diameter > 44mm (HR 1.97; 95%CI 1.26–3.05; P = 0.003); atrial fibrillation (HR 1.94; 95%CI 1.25–2.99; P = 0.003) and cardiomegaly on X-ray (HR 1.87; 95%CI 1.10–3.17; P = 0.020). The score identified patients with: low (0–20 points), intermediate (21–30 points) and high risk (>31points). The optimism-corrected C-statistic of the predictive model was 0.751 (95% CI 0.696–0.806). Internal validation with bootstrapping revealed a calibration slope of 0.946 (95% CI 0.920–0.961), reflecting a small degree of over-optimism and C-statistic of 0.746 (95% CI 0.692–0.785). Conclusions This study identified predictors of mortality in CCC patients with pacemaker defining a simple, validated and specific risk score.
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TRUSCOTT, JOHN, and MIKE SHARWOOD SMITH. "Acquisition by processing: A modular perspective on language development." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, no. 1 (April 2004): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728904001178.
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The paper offers a model of language development, first and second, within a processing perspective. We first sketch a modular view of language, in which competence is embodied in the processing mechanisms. We then propose a novel approach to language acquisition (Acquisition by Processing Theory, or APT), in which development of the module occurs as a natural product of processing activity, without any acquisition mechanisms as such. The approach is illustrated and explicated through examples of the development of content words, derivational morphology, the functional category I with its variable features, and Case and thematic roles, as well as apparent cross-linguistic variation in processing strategies and the status of bootstrapping in the model. We then examine some possible applications to issues in second language acquisition – noticing the gap, the initial state, transfer, and the apparent limits of SLA – and finally offer a broader perspective on the model: its scope, its relations to other approaches, and its possible limits.
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Ladds, Monique A., Nokuthaba Sibanda, Richard Arnold, and Matthew R. Dunn. "Creating functional groups of marine fish from categorical traits." PeerJ 6 (October 23, 2018): e5795. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5795.
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Background Functional groups serve two important functions in ecology: they allow for simplification of ecosystem models and can aid in understanding diversity. Despite their important applications, there has not been a universally accepted method of how to define them. A common approach is to cluster species on a set of traits, validated through visual confirmation of resulting groups based primarily on expert opinion. The goal of this research is to determine a suitable procedure for creating and evaluating functional groups that arise from clustering nominal traits. Methods To do so, we produced a species by trait matrix of 22 traits from 116 fish species from Tasman Bay and Golden Bay, New Zealand. Data collected from photographs and published literature were predominantly nominal, and a small number of continuous traits were discretized. Some data were missing, so the benefit of imputing data was assessed using four approaches on data with known missing values. Hierarchical clustering is utilised to search for underlying data structure in the data that may represent functional groups. Within this clustering paradigm there are a number of distance matrices and linkage methods available, several combinations of which we test. The resulting clusters are evaluated using internal metrics developed specifically for nominal clustering. This revealed the choice of number of clusters, distance matrix and linkage method greatly affected the overall within- and between- cluster variability. We visualise the clustering in two dimensions and the stability of clusters is assessed through bootstrapping. Results Missing data imputation showed up to 90% accuracy using polytomous imputation, so was used to impute the real missing data. A division of the species information into three functional groups was the most separated, compact and stable result. Increasing the number of clusters increased the inconsistency of group membership, and selection of the appropriate distance matrix and linkage method improved the fit. Discussion We show that the commonly used methodologies used for the creation of functional groups are fraught with subjectivity, ultimately causing significant variation in the composition of resulting groups. Depending on the research goal dictates the appropriate strategy for selecting number of groups, distance matrix and clustering algorithm combination.
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Jiménez Gamero, M. D., J. Muñoz García, and A. Muñoz Reyes. "Bootstrapping statistical functionals." Statistics & Probability Letters 39, no. 3 (August 1998): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7152(98)00055-8.
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Vuckovic, Karen M., and Houry Puzantian. "Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and 6-Minute Walk Distance in African Americans with Mild to Moderate Heart Failure." Cardiorenal Medicine 7, no. 3 (2017): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000471810.
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Background/Aims: The 6-minute walk test is a measure of functional capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) has not been investigated in African-Americans (AA), despite them having a higher incidence of CKD and chronic HF. Thus, our aim was to determine if eGFR was an independent predictor of 6MWD in AA >50 years of age with HF. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between eGFR and 6MWD in 45 AA patients with HF from an urban outpatient HF clinic, using logistic regression with bootstrapping. Results: The sample consisted of 53% females; mean age = 64.8 ± 9 years, mean eGFR = 61.6 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, and mean 6MWD = 222 ± 78 m. A decrease in eGFR by 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with 46% higher odds (p = 0.02) of a 6MWD ≤200 m in an unadjusted model and 39-41% higher odds (p = 0.03) of a 6MWD ≤200 m in adjusted models. Conclusion: A decrease in eGFR significantly predicted a shorter 6MWD in AA patients with HF. Therefore, a reduction in eGFR may be used as an early marker to identify and manage declining functional capacity in these patients.
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Dankert, André, Benedikt Neumann-Schirmbeck, Thorsten Dohrmann, Lili Plümer, Viktor Alexander Wünsch, Phillip Brenya Sasu, Susanne Sehner, Christian Zöllner, and Martin Petzoldt. "Stair-Climbing Tests or Self-Reported Functional Capacity for Preoperative Pulmonary Risk Assessment in Patients with Known or Suspected COPD—A Prospective Observational Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 4180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134180.
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Background: This prospective study aims to determine whether preoperative stair-climbing tests (SCT) predict postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) better than self-reported poor functional capacity (SRPFC) in patients with known or suspected COPD. Methods: A total of 320 patients undergoing scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery, 240 with verified COPD and 80 with GOLD key indicators but disproved COPD, underwent preoperative SRPFC and SCT and were analyzed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for variable selection. Two multivariable regression models were fitted, the SRPFC model (baseline variables such as sociodemographic, surgical and procedural characteristics, medical preconditions, and GOLD key indicators plus SRPFC) and the SCT model (baseline variables plus SCTPFC). Results: Within all stair-climbing variables, LASSO exclusively selected self-reported poor functional capacity. The cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% confidence interval (95% CI) did not differ between the SRPFC and SCT models (0.71; 0.65–0.77 for both models). SRPFC was an independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.45; 95% CI 1.04–28.60; p = 0.045 in the SRPFC model) but SCTPFC was not (adjusted OR 3.78; 95% CI 0.87–16.34; p = 0.075 in the SCT model). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that preoperative SRPFC adequately predicts PPC while additional preoperative SCTs are dispensable in patients with known or suspected COPD.
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Benoit, David M., Donald A. Jackson, and Cindy Chu. "Partitioning fish communities into guilds for ecological analyses: an overview of current approaches and future directions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78, no. 7 (July 2021): 984–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0455.
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A major strength of the guild approach is its ability to simplify community analysis by aggregating species with similar roles or functions into groups. These groups can be used to study a number of important ecological concepts, including functional diversity, community response to disturbance, and food-web dynamics. Despite increased use, guild membership can be based on subjective criteria that are arbitrarily chosen, leading to inconsistencies across studies. Additionally, studies using the guild approach generally ignore ontogenetic changes in diet and habitat use and therefore do not fully capture the complexity of aquatic communities. Although these issues have been discussed in the literature, much has changed since the last review was published a decade ago. In our examination, we discuss data requirements and consequences of data availability and reliability on guild formation. We identify bootstrapping and permutation techniques developed to address limitations through cluster validation and the identification of ontogenetic shifts prior to guild delineation. Lastly, we provide a step-by-step guide to guild analysis, accompanied by a decision tree, to facilitate objective and informed guild creation.
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Iliashenko, Ilia, Malika Izabachène, Axel Mertens, and Hilder V. L. Pereira. "Homomorphically counting elements with the same property." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 4 (October 2022): 670–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0127.
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We propose homomorphic algorithms for privacy-preserving applications where we are given an encrypted dataset and we want to compute the number of elements that share a common property. We consider a two party scenario between a client and a server, where the storage and computation is outsourced to the server. We present two new efficient methods to solve this problem by homomorphically evaluating a selection function encoding the desired property, and counting the number of elements which evaluates to the same value. Our first method programs the homomorphic computation in the style of the the functional bootstrapping of TFHE and can be instantiated with essentially any homomorphic encryption scheme that operates on polynomials, like FV or BGV. Our second method relies on new homomorphic operations and ciphertext formats, and it is more suitable for applications where the number of possible inputs is much larger than the number of possible values for the property. We illustrate the feasibility of our methods by presenting a publicly available proof-ofconcept implementation in C++ and using it to evaluate a heatmap function over encrypted geographic points.
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Silva, Eduardo, Natália Bernardi, Marilene Marques, Samuel Morais, José Roberto Nascimento Júnior, Braulio Henrique Branco, and Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira. "Effects of 12 weeks of functional and resistance training on stress perception and sleep quality in Bra-zilian older people." Retos 56 (May 10, 2024): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104513.
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The study investigated the effects of a 12-week functional and resistance training program on the perception of stress and sleep quality in Brazilian older people, involving 49 participants. The Perceived Stress in older adults and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. The training protocol included a general warm-up, resistance and functional training sessions, followed by a cool-down phase, held twice a week, lasting an average of 60 minutes over the 12 weeks. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, bootstrapping, t-tests and Pearson correlation, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed a significant reduction in sleep disturbance and total sleep quality score after the intervention. Men initially had lower stress and better sleep quality in some aspects compared to women, while older people between 60 and 69 years old had improvements in sleep quality in certain aspects before and after the intervention, compared to older people aged 70 and over. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the perception of stress and several components of sleep quality, such as subjective quality, duration and total score. In short, the study demonstrated that the exercise program had varying impacts on sleep quality, but not on the perception of stress among the older people, highlighting a significant improvement in sleep quality after the intervention. Keywords: Aging. Exercise Therapy. Sleep Quality. Psychological stress. Physical education.
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Holtman, Gea A., Huibert Burger, Robert A. Verheij, Hans Wouters, Marjolein Y. Berger, Judith GM Rosmalen, and Peter FM Verhaak. "Developing a clinical prediction rule for repeated consultations with functional somatic symptoms in primary care: a cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e040730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040730.
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ObjectivesPatients who present in primary care with chronic functional somatic symptoms (FSS) have reduced quality of life and increased health care costs. Recognising these early is a challenge. The aim is to develop and internally validate a clinical prediction rule for repeated consultations with FSS.Design and settingRecords from the longitudinal population-based (‘Lifelines’) cohort study were linked to electronic health records from general practitioners (GPs).ParticipantsWe included patients consulting a GP with FSS within 1 year after baseline assessment in the Lifelines cohort.Outcome measuresThe outcome is repeated consultations with FSS, defined as ≥3 extra consultations for FSS within 1 year after the first consultation. Multivariable logistic regression, with bootstrapping for internal validation, was used to develop a risk prediction model from 14 literature-based predictors. Model discrimination, calibration and diagnostic accuracy were assessed.Results18 810 participants were identified by database linkage, of whom 2650 consulted a GP with FSS and 297 (11%) had ≥3 extra consultations. In the final multivariable model, older age, female sex, lack of healthy activity, presence of generalised anxiety disorder and higher number of GP consultations in the last year predicted repeated consultations. Discrimination after internal validation was 0.64 with a calibration slope of 0.95. The positive predictive value of patients with high scores on the model was 0.37 (0.29–0.47).ConclusionsSeveral theoretically suggested predisposing and precipitating predictors, including neuroticism and stressful life events, surprisingly failed to contribute to our final model. Moreover, this model mostly included general predictors of increased risk of repeated consultations among patients with FSS. The model discrimination and positive predictive values were insufficient and preclude clinical implementation.
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Holtman, Gea A., Huibert Burger, Robert A. Verheij, Hans Wouters, Marjolein Y. Berger, Judith GM Rosmalen, and Peter FM Verhaak. "Developing a clinical prediction rule for repeated consultations with functional somatic symptoms in primary care: a cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e040730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040730.
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ObjectivesPatients who present in primary care with chronic functional somatic symptoms (FSS) have reduced quality of life and increased health care costs. Recognising these early is a challenge. The aim is to develop and internally validate a clinical prediction rule for repeated consultations with FSS.Design and settingRecords from the longitudinal population-based (‘Lifelines’) cohort study were linked to electronic health records from general practitioners (GPs).ParticipantsWe included patients consulting a GP with FSS within 1 year after baseline assessment in the Lifelines cohort.Outcome measuresThe outcome is repeated consultations with FSS, defined as ≥3 extra consultations for FSS within 1 year after the first consultation. Multivariable logistic regression, with bootstrapping for internal validation, was used to develop a risk prediction model from 14 literature-based predictors. Model discrimination, calibration and diagnostic accuracy were assessed.Results18 810 participants were identified by database linkage, of whom 2650 consulted a GP with FSS and 297 (11%) had ≥3 extra consultations. In the final multivariable model, older age, female sex, lack of healthy activity, presence of generalised anxiety disorder and higher number of GP consultations in the last year predicted repeated consultations. Discrimination after internal validation was 0.64 with a calibration slope of 0.95. The positive predictive value of patients with high scores on the model was 0.37 (0.29–0.47).ConclusionsSeveral theoretically suggested predisposing and precipitating predictors, including neuroticism and stressful life events, surprisingly failed to contribute to our final model. Moreover, this model mostly included general predictors of increased risk of repeated consultations among patients with FSS. The model discrimination and positive predictive values were insufficient and preclude clinical implementation.
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Teets, Emily M., Charles Thomas Gregory, Jami L. Shaffer, James S. Blachly, and Bradley W. Blaser. "Enumerating Functional HSC Clones in the Zebrafish Using Gestalt." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131503.
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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are functionally and genetically diverse. This diversity decreases as a function of age and with the development of myeloid neoplasia. Numerous systems have been developed to genetically "barcode" HSCs and quantify HSC clone numbers in the setting of native hematopoiesis, but no experimental and computational framework has been established to perform this analysis on a large number of biological replicates. Here we have employed the transgenic zebrafish system, Genome Editing of Synthetic Target Arrays for Lineage Tracing (GESTALT), to develop a framework scaled to permit the investigation of putative oncogenes or niche factors with moderate to small effect sizes. The GESTALT line carries a single copy of an array of 10 tandem CRISPR target sites that is highly variable after being repaired by non-homologous end joining. GESTALT embryos were injected with sgRNAs and Cas9 protein to generate genetic barcodes at the GESTALT locus. Fifty-six zebrafish were raised to adulthood and GESTALT variants were read from a sample of peripheral blood by amplicon sequencing. In a training set of 35 fish we developed a computational model to discriminate informative barcodes from uninformative GESTALT variants in each sample. This model identifies variants shared among samples and excludes them as uninformative. Experimentally-defined thresholds were used to minimize inter-sample correlation (mean Pearson Correlation Coefficient = 0.0021) while maximizing the number of retained informative barcodes in each sample. Bootstrapping and k-means clustering were used to classify samples with a high or low fraction of informative (FI) barcodes (FI cutoff = 0.65). 24 samples within the training set were classified in the High-FI group (mean FI = 0.93 ± 0.02, compared to 0.40 ± 0.04 in the Low-FI group). We then evaluated 3 methods of quantifying GESTALT HSC clones from all sequenced barcodes in the High-FI samples and found that counting barcodes with a VAF>0.02 produced the most normal distribution across the training set (Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, W = 0.95, p = 0.21). 4.3 ± 0.38 GESTALT HSC clones were detected in the training set. In an independent validation set of 21 samples, the number of GESTALT HSC clones was 3.4 ± 0.55, (p = 0.2). This study provides the largest reference dataset to date for HSC genetic barcoding experiments in the zebrafish and addresses the validity of barcode sequences, sample selection and clone enumeration in a systematic, objective way. The GESTALT barcoding system and our analysis framework compare favorably with other methods of studying HSC clonal diversity under conditions of native hematopoiesis in terms of scale, cost, labor and barcode validity. Future studies aiming to understand the mechanisms of HSC clonal evolution in the context of health, ageing and disease will benefit from this framework for enumerating functional HSC clones. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kearney-Ramos, Tonisha E., Jennifer S. Fausett, Jennifer L. Gess, Ashley Reno, Jennifer Peraza, Clint D. Kilts, and G. Andrew James. "Merging Clinical Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging to Evaluate the Construct Validity and Neural Network Engagement of the n-Back Task." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 7 (June 25, 2014): 736–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771400054x.
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AbstractThe n-back task is a widely used neuroimaging paradigm for studying the neural basis of working memory (WM); however, its neuropsychometric properties have received little empirical investigation. The present study merged clinical neuropsychology and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the construct validity of the letter variant of the n-back task (LNB) and to further identify the task-evoked networks involved in WM. Construct validity of the LNB task was investigated using a bootstrapping approach to correlate LNB task performance across clinically validated neuropsychological measures of WM to establish convergent validity, as well as measures of related but distinct cognitive constructs (i.e., attention and short-term memory) to establish discriminant validity. Independent component analysis (ICA) identified brain networks active during the LNB task in 34 healthy control participants, and general linear modeling determined task-relatedness of these networks. Bootstrap correlation analyses revealed moderate to high correlations among measures expected to converge with LNB (|ρ|≥0.37) and weak correlations among measures expected to discriminate (|ρ|≤0.29), controlling for age and education. ICA identified 35 independent networks, 17 of which demonstrated engagement significantly related to task condition, controlling for reaction time variability. Of these, the bilateral frontoparietal networks, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, bilateral superior parietal lobules including precuneus, and frontoinsular network were preferentially recruited by the 2-back condition compared to 0-back control condition, indicating WM involvement. These results support the use of the LNB as a measure of WM and confirm its use in probing the network-level neural correlates of WM processing. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–15)
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Delgado-Lista, Javier, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Juan Solivera, Antonio Garcia-Rios, A. I. Perez-Caballero, Julie A. Lovegrove, Christian A. Drevon, et al. "Top Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Affecting Carbohydrate Metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome: From the LIPGENE Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): E384—E389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3165.
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Rationale: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a high-prevalence condition characterized by altered energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and elevated cardiovascular risk. Objectives: Although many individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to certain MetS features, there are few studies analyzing the influence of SNPs on carbohydrate metabolism in MetS. Methods: A total of 904 SNPs (tag SNPs and functional SNPs) were tested for influence on 8 fasting and dynamic markers of carbohydrate metabolism, by performance of an intravenous glucose tolerance test in 450 participants in the LIPGENE study. Findings: From 382 initial gene-phenotype associations between SNPs and any phenotypic variables, 61 (16% of the preselected variables) remained significant after bootstrapping. Top SNPs affecting glucose metabolism variables were as follows: fasting glucose, rs26125 (PPARGC1B); fasting insulin, rs4759277 (LRP1); C-peptide, rs4759277 (LRP1); homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance, rs4759277 (LRP1); quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, rs184003 (AGER); sensitivity index, rs7301876 (ABCC9), acute insulin response to glucose, rs290481 (TCF7L2); and disposition index, rs12691 (CEBPA). Conclusions: We describe here the top SNPs linked to phenotypic features in carbohydrate metabolism among approximately 1000 candidate gene variations in fasting and postprandial samples of 450 patients with MetS from the LIPGENE study.
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Fleet, James C., Liyong Wang, Olga Vitek, Bruce A. Craig, and Howard J. Edenberg. "Gene expression profiling of Caco-2 BBe cells suggests a role for specific signaling pathways during intestinal differentiation." Physiological Genomics 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2003): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00152.2002.
Full textAbstract:
We examined the pattern of gene expression resulting from spontaneous differentiation of Caco-2 BBe cells to gain insight into the molecular changes necessary for enterocyte differentiation. RNA was prepared from cells harvested at three cell stages: proliferating (50% confluent, 2 days in culture), postproliferative nondifferentiated (8 days), and differentiated (15 days). Gene expression profiles were determined using Affymetrix Human Genome U95A GeneChips. Differentially expressed genes were identified following statistical analysis (i.e., ANOVA, bootstrapping adjustments to P values, false detection rate criterion). We identified 1,150 unique genes as differentially expressed; expression of 48.6% fell and 46% increased from 2 to 15 days, while 5.4% had expression that either peaked or dipped at 8 days. Genes expressed during differentiation included several small-intestine-specific genes involved in nutrient transport/metabolism, e.g., DCT1, hephaestin, folate receptor 1, sucrase-isomaltase, and apolipoproteins CI, CIII, B100, H, and M, indicating that this colonic adenocarcinoma cell line has a hybrid colonocyte/enterocyte phenotype. Patterns of gene expression based upon functional classification suggest a role for cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, suppression of Wnt signaling, and activation of TGFβ and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways during enterocyte differentiation.
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Choi, Mi-Jeong. "A Study on Purchase Behavior of Bio Cosmetics Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB): Mediating Effect of Brand Image." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2023.29.1.172.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) factors that affect the purchasing behavior of bio cosmetics consumers and to examine the mediating effect of brand image in the relationship between them. In this survey, cosmetics consumers aged 20 or older residing nationwide were selected as the population. Bio-cosmetics consumers in their 20s or older living in the Seoul metropolitan area were selected as a sample group, and an online survey was conducted for about 4 weeks in October 2022. For statistical processing of the collected data, multi-regression analysis and bootstrapping were performed using SPSS 28.0 and SPSS Macro 3.4 to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the study, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control had a significant effect on purchase behavior, and the mediating effect of brand image was confirmed. Therefore, in order to increase consumers' purchasing behavior, it seems to be very important in terms of marketing to build an image such as awareness and trust in the brand as well as the functional efficacy of bio-cosmetics. These research results will have great implications for the bio-cosmetics industry preparing for the post-corona era.