Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Function batch'
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1
Rhodes, James Robert. "Transfer function model for oxy-fuel fired batch tank." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1808.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 110 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).
2
Kurt, Nilufer, and nilf_k@yahoo com au. "A Study of Channelling Behaviour in Batch Sedimentation." RMIT University. School of Civil and Chemical Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061220.120258.
Abstract:
Batch sedimentation is a method that enables us to understand the mechanism of compaction and compression of sedimenting slurry. However, batch settling behaviour is a very complex phenomenon that is not easily described fully by a mathematical model. This causes unrealistically large empirical calculations when the thickener size estimations are required. Channelling, reverse concentration gradients and the initial concentration of the slurry have large effects on batch settling. Existing procedures do not provide clear relationships involving these three significant variables. In this study, batch sedimentation phenomena are examined in detail and possible explanations are given to clarify the complex behaviour using recent theories. Modern research has shown that channelling is an unwanted formation because channels can change the concentration at the bottom and top of the bed by carrying a great amount of flocs upwards. Batch sedimentation tests were performed using flocculated slurry of Calcium Carbonate at various initial concentrations such as 250 g/l, 500 g/l, 750 g/l and 1000 g/l to observe channelling and reverse concentration gradients. Flux plots for the batch system reveal behaviour which can be attributed to the upward flow of solids. In addition, photographic methods were used to observe settling processes, channelling mechanisms and flocs in the channels. One of the purposes of this work was to examine the phenomenological solid-liquid separation theory of Buscall and White (1987), which employs the material properties of the local volume fraction, compressive yield stress Py ()ö and hindered settling function R()ö to identify the material behaviour in batch sedimentation. Stepped-pressure filtration and batch settling tests were used to measure the material characteristics for the flocculated CaCO3 suspension. Experimental data were demonstrated using Height versus Time and Height versus Concentration graphs and displayed the possible region of reverse concentration gradients and channelling in the settling bed. Mathematical predictions adopted from Usher (2002) were performed employing material characteristics of the material and graphical documentations were presented. The results of mathematical predictions were compared to the experimental results and the modes of sedimentation explained by Lester et al. (2005). Fundamental theoretical models and experimental observations highlight that the main driving force for channelling is the high-pressure gradient at the bottom of the bed and the most important factors that cause channelling are high initial concentration of slurry and settling time. The predictions also show that the material and flocculant used for the batch settling tests demonstrate important effect on the settling process. The knowledge and information gained from this study is valuable to maximize the thickening process.
3
Khalaf, Rehab F. "On some queueing systems with server vacations, extended vacations, breakdowns, delayed repairs and stand-bys." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6416.
Abstract:
This research investigates a batch arrival queueing system with a Bernoulli scheduled vacation and random system breakdowns. It is assumed that the repair process does not start immediately after the breakdown. Consequently there maybe a delay in starting repairs. After every service completion the server may go on an optional vacation. When the original vacation is completed the server has the option to go on an extended vacation. It is assumed that the system is equipped with a stand-by server to serve the customers during the vacation period of the main server as well as during the repair process. The service times, vacation times, repair times, delay times and extended vacation times are assumed to follow different general distributions while the breakdown times and the service times of the stand-by server follow an exponential distribution. By introducing a supplementary variable we are able to obtain steady state results in an explicit closed form in terms of the probability generating functions. Some important performance measures including; the average length of the queue, the average number of customers in the system, the mean response time, and the value of the traffic intensity are presented. The professional MathCad 2001 software has been used to illustrate the numerical results in this study.
4
Chang, Byeong-Yun. "Estimation Techniques for Nonlinear Functions of the Steady-State Mean in Computer Simulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4917.
Abstract:
A simulation study consists of several steps such as data collection, coding
and model verification, model validation, experimental design, output data analysis,
and implementation. Our research concentrates on output data analysis. In this field,
many researchers have studied how to construct confidence intervals for the mean u
of a stationary stochastic process. However, the estimation of the value of a nonlinear
function f(u) has not received a lot of attention in the simulation literature. Towards
this goal, a batch-means-based methodology was proposed by Munoz and Glynn (1997).
Their approach did not consider consistent estimators for the variance of the point
estimator for f(u). This thesis, however, will consider consistent variance estimation
techniques to construct confidence intervals for f(u). Specifically, we propose methods
based on the combination of the delta method and nonoverlapping batch means
(NBM), standardized time series (STS), or a combination of both. Our approaches
are tested on moving average, autoregressive, and M/M/1 queueing processes. The
results show that the resulting confidence intervals (CIs) perform often better than
the CIs based on the method of Munoz and Glynn in terms of coverage, the mean of
their CI half-width, and the variance of their CI half-width.
5
Polet, Pierre-Etienne. "Portage des chaînes de traitement sonar sur architecture hétérogène : conception et évaluation d'un environnement de programmation basé sur les tâches moldables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0004.
Abstract:
L'augmentation des besoins en calcul dans les chaînes de traitement SONAR incite au choix d'architectures hétérogènes à base de GPGPU. La complexité de ces architectures rend l'implémentation d'algorithmes difficile pour des personnes qui ne sont pas à la fois spécialistes du domaine d'application et de la programmation parallèle. Cette thèse propose de répondre à cette problématique en exploitant des notions de programmation par tâches. Des méthodes d'analyse statique du code nous ont permis de regrouper les appels de fonction sur un GPU afin de limiter certains surcoûts en augmentant la granularité des tâches. Afin d'étendre cette approche pour permettre l'exploitation de plusieurs GPU tout en contrôlant l'utilisation mémoire, nous avons étudié un modèle à base de tâches moldable. Celui-ci a été décliné en une nouvelle directive OpenMP qui permet d'unifier plusieurs directives de parallélisation plus anciennes. Dans ce modèle les tâches moldables ou les sous-tâches conservent la capacité d'avoir des dépendances. La conception d'un prototype de support exécutif pour la gestion de ces tâches moldables s'est attachée à gérer l'équilibrage de charge sur une architecture hétérogène ainsi qu'à définir un algorithme pour détecter les dépendances entre de telles tâches. Des expérimentations sur un algorithme de formation de voies issu des chaînes de traitement SONAR et sur l'algorithme de factorisation de Cholesky ont mis en avant l'intérêt de la méthode et certaines faiblesses des choix d'implémentationThe increasing computational demands in SONAR processing chains lead to the choice of heterogeneous architectures based on GPGPU. The complexity of these architectures makes algorithm implementation challenging for individuals who are not specialists in both the application domain and parallel programming. This thesis aims to address this issue by leveraging task-based programming concepts. Static code analysis methods allowed us to group function calls on a GPU to limit certain overheads by increasing task granularity.To extend this approach to enable the utilization of multiple GPUs while controlling memory usage, we explored a moldable task model. This was instantiated into a new OpenMP directive that unifies several older parallelization directives. In this model, moldable tasks or sub-tasks retain the ability to have dependencies. The design of a prototype executive support for managing these moldable tasks focused on load balancing on a heterogeneous architecture and defining an algorithm to detect dependencies between such tasks. Experiments on a SONAR processing beamforming algorithm and the Cholesky factorization algorithm highlighted the method's benefits and some weaknesses in the implementation choices
6
Paul, Rajib. "Theoretical And Algorithmic Developments In Markov Chain Monte Carlo." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218184168.
7
KIM, EUN-HO. "FORM AND FUNCTION IN THE SLOW MOVEMENTS OF J.S. BACH'S THREE SONATAS FOR SOLO VIOLIN, BWV 1001, 1003, AND 1005." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022622648.
8
Avander, Alexander, and Erik Robertsson. "Batch size policy : A case study of the production site in Hillerstorp." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12270.
Abstract:
Abstrakt Examensarbete. Civilekonomprogrammet, Logistik, Linnéuniversitetet, 4FE05E, Våren 2011. Författare: Alexander Avander och Erik Robertsson Handledare: Peter Berling Titel: Batch size policy Thule Vehicle Solutions - A case study in Hillerstorp Bakgrund: Företaget har för närvarande ingen tydlig batch policy och detta är ett område som uppmärksammats som ett område med potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter. Ett projekt har inletts där två flöden (en hög omsättare och en låg) skall kartläggas och generera ett förslag till en tvärfunktionell batch policy. Syfte: Syftet med projektet är att med hjälp utav en ”current state map” föreslå en ny, kostnadseffektiv och tvärfunktionell batch policy samt jämföra detta med nuvarande policy för att påvisa potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter. Metod: Projektet använder ett kvalitativt arbetssätt för att påvisa effekter utav batch storlekar. Data hämtas från det undersökta företaget och från tidigare forskningar inom området som samlats genom universitetets resurser. Slutsatser: Företaget bör kunna eliminera ett flertal lager i sitt flöde som uppstått på grund av en batch policy där hela pallar föredras. En batch policy, där en storlek används till ett komponentlager och därefter en annan storlek som är en jämn del utav den första till slutlagret, har föreslagits som en tvärfunktionell batch policy. Detta förslag är testat i fyra versioner där samtliga var funna mer kostnadseffektiva än nuvarande policy. Att använda mindre batchstorlekar i den föreslagna policyn sänkte lagernivåer och ledtider. Dock var nuvarande, större batchstorleken mer optimal då lagerhållningskostnaderna är låga i förhållande till omställningskostnader. Sökord: Batch size, batch size costs, cross functional, inventory control, lean management, production flow, supply chain integration, transportation costs, value stream mapping.Abstract Master Degree Project. Business Administration and Economics Programme, Linnaeus University, Logistics, 4FE05E, Spring 2011. Authors: Alexander Avander and Erik Robertsson Supervisor: Peter Berling Title: Batch size policy Thule Vehicle Solutions - A case study in Hillerstorp Background: The Company has currently no clear batch size policy and batch sizes are an area that has been recognized with potential earnings within the company. A project to map two flows (a high volume and a low volume) and suggest a new cross functional batch size policy has been initiated. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to, with the help of a current state map, propose a new cost effective and cross functional batch size policy for the business unit car accessories and compare this to the present batch size policy to show possible earnings. Method: This project uses a qualitative approach to show the effect of batch sizes with data supplied from the Thule Sweden AB and researched through the Linnaeus University’s recourses. Findings: Thule Vehicle Solutions should be able to remove several inventories that have been caused by a batch size policy where whole pallets are preferred. A batch size policy where one batch size is used to the semi-finished inventory and another size, part of first batch size, from that inventory until the finished-goods inventory has been suggested as a cross functional batch size policy. This suggestion has been tested and in four different versions was found more cost effective than the current policy. Using smaller batch sizes in the suggested batch size policy decreased inventory levels and lead times. However, the current, larger batch size was more optimal as the holding costs are low and the set up costs are high. Key words: Batch size, batch size costs, cross functional, inventory control, lean management, production flow, supply chain integration, transportation costs, value stream mapping.
9
Pérez, Torres René. "Bach's Mass in B minor an analytical study of parody movements and their function in the large-scale architectural design of the mass /." connect to online resource, 2005. http://www.unt.edu/etd/all/Dec2005/perez%5Ftorres%5Frene/index.htm.
10
Pérez, Torres René. "Bach's Mass in B minor: An Analytical Study of Parody Movements and their Function in the Large-Scale Architectural Design of the Mass." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4945/.
Abstract:
Most studies of the Mass in B Minor deal with the history of the work, its reception history, primary sources, performance practice issues, rhetoric, and even theological and numerical symbolism. However, little research focuses on an in-depth analysis of the music itself. Of the few analytical studies undertaken, to date only a limited number attempt to explain Bach's use of parody technique or unity in the whole composition. This thesis focuses on understanding three primary concerns in regards to the Mass in B minor: to comprehend how preexistent material was adapted to the context of the Mass, how this material functions in the network of the entire composition, and how unity is achieved by means of large-scale voice leading. The results of this study not only provide new information about this monument of Western music, but also provide insight to the deep sense of large-scale structure in Bach's work.
11
Wetzorke, Ines [Verfasser]. "Lattice QCD Calculations of Hadron Spectra and Spectral Functions in the Vacuum and in a Thermal Heat Bath / Ines Wetzorke." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2001. http://d-nb.info/1034401157/34.
12
Margelienė, Indrė. "Kineziterapijos vartikalioje vonioje ir salėje procedūrų derinimo poveikis, pacientų funkcinei būklei, esant juosmeninės stuburo dalies skausmams." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140225_123555-72258.
Abstract:
Bakalauro darbe analizuojamas kineziterapijos vertikalioje vonioje ir salėje procedūrų derinimo poveikis, pacientų funkcinės būklės, skausmo, nugaros ir pilvo raumenų statinės ištvermės kaitai, esant juosmeninės stuburo dalies skausmams.Physiotherapy bachelor thesis analyzes the vertical bath and hall harmonization of procedures and the patient's functional status change in lumbar spine pain.
13
Bach, Frauke [Verfasser], and Iris [Akademischer Betreuer] Bruchhaus. "Exploring the vacuolin gene family, mRNA production, localization and functional characterization in the Mycobacterium marinum - Dictyostelium discoideum model system / Frauke Bach. Betreuer: Iris Bruchhaus." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053811187/34.
14
Slavíček, Michal. "Využití R - materiálu v asfaltových kobercích mastixových." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265415.
Abstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the designs of asphalt mixtures for the wearing asphalt courses, specifically for the SMA 11S with an added 30 % and 50 % RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement), this material was reclaimed from the wearing asphalt course type SMA. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and it deals with the recycling of asphalt roads and adding RAP to the new asphalt mixures for the roads. The second part is practical. It deals with the design itself. Two types of SMA were designed, first with a 30 % RAP and second with a 50 % RAP. In those mixtures functional tests of asphalt mixtures were made.The results were compared to the asphalt mixture with 0 % of RAP and with the mixture with 30 % of RAP reclaimed from the wearing, binder and base course together. The results are summed up in the conclusion.
15
Lu, Shih-Chieh, and 呂世傑. "Hybrid Neural-Network Rate Function Modeling of Batch Processes." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93550827142640289836.
Abstract:
碩士大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
92
The simulated verifications and validations of the neural-network rate-function (NNRF) and the hybrid neural-network rate-function (HNNRF) approaches to modeling the batch reactor systems are provided. In chemical processes, some measurements may not be obtainable easily, and the designed NNRF model does not embed these state variables in the built dynamic model. To overcome this problem, the approximated physical model could be combined with the NNRF model to give the hybrid neural-network rate-function (HNNRF) model. The sequential pseudo-uniform design (SPUD) is used to locate desired but limited experiments to provide the NNRF and HNNRF models of the testing batch reactor systems with rich information. In this research, the NNRF model was applied to build the dynamic models of (a) the series-parallel reactions and (b) the submerged cultivation of monascus anka carried out in batch reactors; whereas, the HNNRF model was applied to a simulated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) solution polymerization system. The performance of the NNRF or HNNRF modeling approach is quite acceptable and can be applied to determine the optimal operating conditions of the processes.
16
Wang, Kuan-Po, and 王冠博. "Designing Optimal Batch Trajectories Using Hybrid Function Approximations and Experimental Design Strategy." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08186274030824537222.
Abstract:
碩士中原大學
化學工程研究所
91
Abstract In today’s world of intense financial competition, chemical process must be optimized quickly if they are to become successful. These successful processes must continue to be operated optimally if they are to retain their competitive edge. However, with the need of time-to-market in the changing marketplace, one could not afford to spend much time in determining the detailed mathematical model of the complex batch process in a short time period. In this research, underlying experimental design algorithms for designing optimal batch profiles in a sequential fashion are addressed. The design technique, composed of the hybrid function approximation and the Taguchi’s method (orthogonal array), is developed to determine new design profiles in the next run. The hybrid type of the function approximation consists of two parts which can be applied together or independently: a coarse and smooth approximation which uses global features of the functions, and a fine and sharp approximation which uses local features of the functions for partitioning. The partitioning is based on the projection of the profile onto a small set of global and local basis functions, compressing the profile information into a few projection coefficients. The optimal profile can be obtained if the location of the coefficients of the functions is properly adjusted in the function space. The Taguchi approach is used to design and analyze the outcomes of each experiment design in order to lead the next new run. To reduce the number of experiments in each run, based on the effect of each coefficient, a search procedure and a forbidding strategy are proposed for adjusting the design coefficients and freezing the undesired coefficients. Without the prior knowledge of the batch process, the proposed method, by using information from the previous batches, can update and modify the profiles that are applied to the subsequent experiments. The utility of the proposed method is illustrated through three end-point optimization problems, including a non-differential system, a polymerization batch reactor and a fed batch process. The comparison with other optimization methods are also made. The results of the different cases show good performance of the proposed method in comparison with those of the other methods which require the use of the given complicated models involving the chemical reactions.
17
Sung, Ying-Ta, and 宋英達. "Optimization of a Batch Polymerization Reactor via Hybrid Neural-Network Rate Function Model." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07053209584717306272.
Abstract:
碩士大同大學
化學工程研究所
91
A simulated verification and validation of the proposed hybrid neural-network rate-function (HNNRF) approach to modeling a batch polymerization reactor system is provided. In a chemical process, some measurements may not be obtainable easily, and the designed NNRF model does not embed these state variables in the built dynamic model. To overcome this problem, the approximated physical model is combined with the NNRF model to give the hybrid neural-network rate-function (HNNRF) model. In this study, a sequential pseudo-uniform design is used to locate desired experiments to provide the HNNRF model of a batch polymerization reactor with rich information. Transformation of the HNNRF dynamic model into a feed-forward artificial neural network (FANN) static model reduces the computation time in determining the optimal operation conditions base on the random search method. An optimal temperature trajectory and initial loading of the initiator for achieving the molecular weight distribution control can be obtained accordingly.
18
Lee, Yen-Jui, and 李彥叡. "The immunomodulatory function of the polysaccharides produced by fed-batch fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42797149349312428550.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
95
The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum fermentation condition by using the content of (1→3)-β-D-glucans and different molecular weight of polysaccharides as the index of the immunomodulating effects. Black soybean was used as the major cultivating media for Ganoderma lucidum with addition of different substrates including Astragalus membranaceus, glucose and polyoxin-B during fed-batch fermentation. Different concentrations of ethanol were used to separate the fermented filtrate into two parts: large and small molecular weight polysaccharides solution, which were further used to test the inhibitory ratio using leukemic U937 cell and the content of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in the conditioned medium. The results indicates that during cultivation of G. lucidum using the feed of A. membrabaceus gives high content of (1→3)-β-D-glucans with better immunomodulating effects. Using different ethanol fraction of polysaccharides, it was observed that 40% ethanol separate the large molecular weight of polysaccharides out of the fermented filtrate. Also these large molecular weight polysaccharides solutions were having higher contents of (1→3)-β-D-glucans, and better immunomodulating effects then the small molecular weight of polysaccharides solutions.
19
Chiu, Yu-Lun, and 邱于倫. "Dynamic Modeling of Batch Polymerization Reactors via the Hybrid Neural-Network Rate-Function Approach." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64063745615456788028.
Abstract:
碩士大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
94
A simulated verification and validation of the hybrid neural-network rate-function (HNNRF) approach to modeling batch reactor systems is provided. In chemical reactor processes, some measurements may not be easily obtainable, and the designed neural-network rate-function (NNRF) model in the previous work of our laboratory did not propose a method to include the state variables for the suggested dynamic model. To overcome this difficulty, the approximated mechanistic equations characterizing these immeasurable state variables could be incorporated into the NNRF model to form the hybrid neural-network rate-function (HNNRF) model. The sequential pseudo-uniform design (SPUD) is used to locate the sufficient but limited experiments to provide the HNNRF model with rich information. In this research, the HNNRF modeling capability over a large operating region was evaluated employing a simulated polymerization reactor system. In addition to the comparative benefit of short time expenditure for building the model, the performance of the identified HNNRF model is quite acceptable in the face of noisy measurements and the identified model could be applied to determine the optimal recipe or the operating conditions of the reactor systems.
20
Park, Hongsuk. "Dynamic Control for Batch Process Systems Using Stochastic Utility Evaluation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9927.
Abstract:
Most research studies in the batch process control problem are focused on optimizing system performance. The methods address the problem by minimizing single criterion such as cycle time and tardiness, or bi-criteria such as cycle time and tardiness, and earliness and tardiness. This research demonstrates the use of Stochastic Utility Evaluation (SUE) function approach to optimize system performance using multiple criteria.
In long production cycles, the earliness and tardiness weight (utility) of products vary depending on the time. As the time approaches the due-date, it affects contractual penalties, loss of customer goodwill and the storage period for the completed products. It is necessary to reflect the weight of products for earliness and tardiness at decision epochs to decide on the optimal strategy. This research explores how stochastic utility function using stochastic information can be derived and used to strategically improve existing approaches for the batch process control problem.
This research first explores how SUE function can be applied to existing model for bi-objective problem such as cycle time and tardiness. Benchmark strategies using SUE function (NACH-SUE, MBS-SUE, No idle and full batch) are compared to each other. The experimental results show that NACH-SUE effectively improves mean cycle time and tardiness performance respectively than other benchmark strategies.
Next, SUE function for earliness and tardiness is used in an existing model to develop a tri-objective problem. Typically, this problem is very complex to solve due to its trade-off relationship. However SUE function makes it relatively easy to solve the tri-objective problem since SUE function can be incorporated in an existing model. It is observed that SUE function can be effectively used for solving a tri-objective problem. Performance improvement for averaged value of cycle time, earliness and tardiness is observed under a comprehensive set of experimental conditions.
21
Jones, Huw S., M. Papageorgiou, A. Gordon, Ehtesham, L. K. Wells, Z. Javed, S. Greetham, et al. "Physiologically relevant screening of polyphenol-rich commercial preparations for bioactivity in vascular endothelial cells and application to healthy volunteers: A viable workflow and a cautionary tale." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17791.
Abstract:
YesThis study describes the screening of 13 commercially-available plant extracts for pharmacological activity modulating vascular function using an endothelial cell model. A French maritime pine bark extract (FMPBE) was found to have the greatest effect upon nitric oxide availability in control (181% ± 36% of untreated cells) and dysfunctional cells (132% ± 8% of untreated control cells). In healthy volunteers, the FMPBE increased plasma nitrite concentrations 8 h post-consumption compared to baseline (baseline corrected median 1.71 ± 0.38 (25% IQR) and 4.76 (75% IQR) µM, p < 0.05). This was followed by a placebo-controlled, healthy volunteer study, which showed no effects on plasma nitrite. It was confirmed that different batches of extract had been used in the healthy volunteer studies, and this second batch lacked bioactivity, assessed using the in vitro model. No difference in plasma catechin levels was seen at 8 h following supplementation between the studies (252 ± 194 nM versus 50 ± 64 nM, p > 0.05), however HPLC-UV fingerprinting showed that the new batch had a 5-15% in major constituents (including procyanidins A2, B1 and B2) compared to the original batch. This research describes a robust mechanism for screening bioactive extracts for vascular effects. It also highlights batch variability as a significant limitation when using complex extracts for pharmacological activity, and suggests the use of in vitro systems as a tool to identify this problem in future studies.
22
Makgoale, Dineo Mokganyetji. "Effects of mill rotational speed on the batch grinding kinetics of a UG2 platinum ore." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26498.
Abstract:
In this study, the effect of speed was investigated on the breakage rate of UG2
platinum ore in a batch mill of 5 dm3 and 175 mm internal diameter. One size fraction
method was carried out to perform the experiment. Five mono-sized fractions in the
range of 1.180 mm to 0.212 mm separated by √2 series interval were prepared. The
fractions were milled at different grinding times (0.5, 2, 4, 15 and 30 min) and three
fractions of mill critical speed were considered (20%, 30%, and 40%). The target of
critical speed below 50% was due to the need of lower energy consumption in milling
processes. The selection and breakage function parameters were determined and
compared for fractions of critical speed.
First the grinding kinetics of the ore was determined and it was found that the
material breaks in non-first order manner. Thereafter, effective mean rate of
breakage was determined. It was found that the rate of breakage increased with
increase of mill speed and optimum speed was not reached in the range of chosen
mill speed fractions. Again the rate of breakage was plotted as a function of particle
size, the optimum size was 0.8 mm when milling at 30% critical speed. As for 20% and
30% optimum size was not reached. The selection function parameters estimated at
30% critical speed were 𝑎0 = 0.04 min−1
, 𝛼 = 1.36, 𝜇 = 0.9 mm, and Λ = 3. Breakage
function parameters were determined and was noticed that the material UG2
platinum ore is non-normalised, i.e. Φ value was changing from 0.25 to 0.90
depending on feed size and mill speed. The parameters 𝛽 and 𝛾 were constant at 7.3
and 1.17 respectively.College of Science, Engineering and Technology
M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)
23
Yumbla, R., S. Lumley, and M. Khurshid Khan. "Innovative Strategic Planning for the Design of a High Volume Production Line using Quality Function Deployment and a Batch." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9765.
Abstract:
NoThis paper proposes an innovative factory planning methodology to achieve the objectives that were defined by Flexitallic for the future expansion of the Thermiculite production line. The concepts under investigation extend to the analysis of flow benefits and restrictions considering product features and demands addressed in a proposed Batch/Flow Comparative Matrix. Furthermore, this paper introduces the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) concept to support the manufacturing line design using a mechanism of incorporating commercial awareness in all stages of the product deployment. The original QFD ensures process planning by bringing parts deployment into parts characteristics through the House of Quality. This study renews the original QFD by developing the Strategic Alignment of Quality Function Deployment (SAQFD) to achieve proactive management of Houses III and House IV. The case study demonstrates the utilization and applicability of the proposed methodologies, and demonstrates their importance during the design of a high volume production line.
24
Hsu, Che-Wei, and 許哲維. "Comparison of objective functions for seeded batch crystallization." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76007383084077534641.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
99
Crystallization is a widely used process for liquid solid separation. The products from this process are crystals, which can be described by a distribution function called “crystal size distribution function (CSD)”. The properties of the crystals affect the efficiency of downstream process, such as filtration or drying. During the process both crystal nucleation and crystal growth happens, and most of the time, the crystal nucleation is undesirable. A well-controlled crystallizer can produce crystals with less crystal nucleation. Researchers have optimize a crystallization processes by improving the seed properties or the cooling policy. In both cases an objective function is required. In this work we compare the objective function that researchers have used, to see which objective function is best when optimizing the cooling policy for a batch crystallizer. The result shows that some of the objective functions are minimized by producing a large amount of nuclei. However, for a seeded batch crystallizer the idea is to grow the seed crystals while suppressing the nucleation. Moreover, in industrial practice, the product crystals would probably be filtered so that fines (nucleated crystals) would be removed. Therefore, for each objective function we also determine the objective value after the nucleated crystals are removed, to see whether the result from each objective function is still the best. After the analysis we conclud that the objective function “minimizing the nucleated crystal mass” is better than others. In this work we also discuss the utility of changing seed properties when using “minimizing weight coefficient of variation” as objective function. We found that if the seed distribution is too wide, the system would be more likely to generate a narrow distribution crystal by excess nucleation. To prevent excess nucleation and achieve a narrow product CSD, a large seed loading and a narrow seed distribution helps. Finally, we also considered the effect of using different nucleation parameters. We changed the exponent on third moment term in nucleation rate equation. The result shows that for higher value of the exponent, the nucleation rate is suppressed, and the performance is better when the growth rate trajectory is optimized using the objective function “minimizing nucleated crystal mass.” The optimized result also mention that for higher value of the exponent on third moment term in nucleation rate equation, higher growth at the beginning of the batch is desirable.
25
Chen, Jyun-Yu, and 陳俊宇. "A Conceptual Design of Bath Bed with Function of Turn-Over." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6f394a.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
100
For those persons in a persistent vegetative state or handicapped persons, the need to help taking a bath is an indispensable demand for daily life. Generally speaking, it always requires some kind of auxiliary devices such as bath seat or bath bed to help cleaning up in order to achieve the purpose of bathing. Though the number of chronic disease and persistent-vegetative-state patients gradually increases every year, the human resources in nurse and care-givers do not keep up with and result in the decrease the quality of daily care such as bathing. Using bath seat probably meet some safety concern and some part of patient’s body would not be easy to clean. Therefore, bath bed becomes a better choice. Currently the commercial bath bed does not provide the function of turn-over to assist in cleaning of patient’s back. It is the main purpose of this design study to design a bath-bed with the function of turn-over to reduce the demand of care-givers. Firstly, in this study, the related literature review is taken to classify and analyze in order to understand the key factors, kinematics and the advantages and disadvantages of current related bath-bed design. In the meantime, visiting the nursing homes and hospitals to observe how care-giver helps a patient in bathing and some special bathing techniques. Thereafter, a conceptual design of bath bed with function of turn-over is presented. The mechanisms of this novel design include: the folding mechanism of inner bedplate, the folding mechanism of outer bedplate, the retractable mechanism of bed frame. The 3D model of this novel design has been set up in Solidworks software. The interference test, dynamic simulation and stress/strain analysis have also been performed via the simulation function of Solidworks software. The preliminary results have confirmed the feasibility and safety of this new design. It hopes to let the care-givers or family members independently help the patient or elder people to take bath by using this novel bath bed.
26
Sun, Shan. "Microbial Aggregate and Functional Community Distribution in a Sequencing Batch Reactor with Anammox Granules." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/290923.
Abstract:
Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process is a one-step conversion of ammonia into nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor. It has been developed as a sustainable technology for ammonia removal from wastewater in the last decade. For wastewater treatment, anammox biomass was widely developed as microbial aggregate where the conditions for enrichment of anammox community must be delicately controlled and growth of other bacteria especially NOB should be suppressed to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency. Little is known about the distribution of microbial aggregates in anammox process. Thus the objective of our study was to assess whether segregation of biomass occurs in granular anammox system. In this study, a laboratory-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) was successfully operated for a period of 80 days with granular anammox biomass. Temporal and spatial distribution of microbial aggregates was studied by particle characterization system and the distribution of functional microbial communities was studied with qPCR and 16s rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing. Our study revealed the spatial and temporal distribution of biomass aggregates based on their sizes and density. Granules (>200 μm) preferentially accumulated in the bottom of the reactor while floccules (30-200 μm) were relatively rich at the top layer. The average density of aggregate was higher at the bottom than the density of those at the top layer. Degranulation caused by lack of hydrodynamic shear force in the top layer was considered responsible for this phenomenon. NOB was relatively rich in the top layer while percentage of anammox population was higher at the bottom, and anammox bacteria population gradually increased over a period of time. NOB growth was supposed to be associated with the increase of floccules based on the concurrent occurrence. Thus, segregation of biomass can be utilized to develop an effective strategy to enrich anammox and wash out NOB by shortening the settling time and withdrawing floccular biomass from the top of the reactor.
27
Wang, Yu-Jen, and 王佑仁. "Quantum Correction on Bath Time-Correlation Functions: Applications on Excitation Energy Transfer Dynamics." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x3k6pc.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
106
Quantum correction is necessary when calculating dissipative quantum dynamics based on results from classical molecular dynamics simulation in which quantum effects are ignored. Quantum correction has been used in many fields to make use of classical trajectories in quantum simulations, such as calculation of infrared spectra. However, in the context of excitation energy transfer in molecular system, the need of applications of quantum corrections is less discussed. In this study, we examine four quantum correction methods, including the Harmonic method and the Standard method proposed by other groups previously, and the Fitting method and the Prony method proposed by us. We aim to elucidate the performance of the correction by the four correc- tion methods in order to properly apply them to simulating excitation energy transfer dynamics. We focus on a model that describes a two-level system linearly coupled to a harmonic bath to explore the applicability of quantum correction methods in various parameter conditions. Our results reveal the necessity of applying quantum correction when studying excitation energy transfer dynamics based on results of classical molecular dynamics simula- tion. Our calculations also conclude that the Harmonic method performs the best among the four approaches and that the Prony method has serious draw- backs. The Fitting method provides similar results as the Standard method, and both methods perform well at a higher temperature or in the condition where relaxation is driven by coherent evolution.
28
Kelvin, Huang Chou Chen, and 陳皇州. "Studies Toward Understanding the Structure and Function of the Particulate Methane Monooxygenase in Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29865140525254389484.
Abstract:
博士國立清華大學
化學系
91
The work described in this thesis is directed study toward understanding the structure and function of the pMMO from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). A variety of modern techniques have been brought to bear on this problem. An important development has been the development of a hollow-fiber bioreactor and fermentation technology toward scaling up the growth of the methanotropic bacteria. This new technology has allowed the purification of highly active pMMO in membranes, as well as in-depth biochemical/biophysical characterization of the membrane protein after the purification of the highly active pMMO. In order to explore the structure of the active site as well as the nature of the reaction intermediate(s) formed at the active site during turnover of the enzyme, we have subjected the pMMO to different levels of reductants, oxidants and suicide substrate acetylene under dioxygen tensions and looked for change at various stages of oxidation of the copper clusters. Both the catalytic and electron transfer clusters (C- and E-clusters, respectively) have been examined by EPR spectroscopy and X-ray K-edge absorption to distinguish between various multi-oxidation states of the copper clusters. To date, EPR and X-ray absorption measurements have confirmed the classification of the 15 copper ions into 3 trinuclear copper clusters for electron transfer (E-clusters) and 2 trinuclear copper clusters for dioxygen chemistry and alkane hydroxylation (C-clusters). Further purification by membrane solubilization in dodecyl b-D maltoside followed by fractionation of the protein-detergent complexes according to molecular size using gel filtration chromatography yielded the pMMO-detergent complex in good yield and high homogeneity. The purified pMMO-detergent complex has not only been identified by mass finger printing, but also by the determination of the actual molecular mass (99kDa) of the pMMO by MALDI-TOF mass analysis. Finally, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with limited proteolysis has provided the direct evidence for the presence of a-helices in the membrane-embedded domains of pMMO.
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Taylor, Craig. "The design and uses of bath-house palaestrae in Roman North Africa." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/459.
Abstract:
The topic of this thesis is the palaestrae of Roman Africa. Although many examples of palaestrae have been found in North Africa, there has never been a study solely focused on these facilities. They have usually been considered only in the context of Roman baths and as features of bath buildings. This thesis examines palaestrae in a new light and analyzes their role as athletic facilities within the sporting culture of Roman Africa. The Roman provinces of North Africa have yielded a particularly rich body of evidence for athletic games and festivals, making this region ideal for studying this topic.
The concern of the thesis is twofold. The first issue is the design and construction of palaestrae in Roman Africa. There is discussion of their form, of construction techniques, and of their place in the overall design of baths. The second issue is how their form relates to function. There is a discussion of how palaestrae accommodated athletic activities, such as training and competition.
The thesis concludes that palaestrae in Roman Africa were an important part of local athletic culture, used for training and possibly for competition. Greek and Roman models influenced their design, but climate played a significant role. Great effort was made to ensure these buildings were kept cool, not only by placing them in less exposed areas but also by insulating them from the heated rooms of the baths. Local resources and building techniques were important factors in their construction. This thesis includes a gazetteer of palaestra sites in Roman Africa and a catalogue of all inscriptions relevant to the use of palaestrae.Classical Archaeology