Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fumigants

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fumigants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Fumigants.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Fumigants"

1

Wu, Feng, Berdikul Qushim, Zhengfei Guan, Nathan S. Boyd, Gary E. Vallad, Andrew MacRae, and Tyler Jacoby. "Weather Uncertainty and Efficacy of Fumigation in Tomato Production." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010199.

Full text
Abstract:
This study quantifies the effect of weather factors on fumigation efficacy in terms of weed control, tomato yield, and the overall economic performance of fumigants. High soil temperature was found to reduce the efficacy of all fumigants against nutsedge, while rainfall only reduced the efficacy of a limited number of fumigants. The fumigants’ economic performance over a range of weather conditions was further simulated to identify the fumigant that is most effective under diverse weather conditions. The results show that although 1,3-D:Pic:Kpam outperforms methyl bromide over the experiment period, methyl bromide is still the best treatment when accounting for the impact of weather variability. The study illustrates the sensitivity of fumigant efficacy to weather conditions and the importance of achieving consistent and sustainable efficacy. The regression model and the expected utility model, along with the simulation techniques, form a useful tool that can be applied across regions or crops.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Giron, Magdalena Y., and Jeffrey J. Morrell. "Fungi colonizing preservative-treated Douglas-fir poles after remedial treatment with fumigants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-042.

Full text
Abstract:
The microfungi present in transmission poles of preservative-treated Douglas-fir remedially treated with one of four fumigants were determined by removing increment cores 5 and 15 years later and culturing them on nutrient media. The microfungi isolated from the wood were then characterized according to their ability to cause a loss in wood weight, to tolerate conventional wood preservatives, and to tolerate wood fumigants. The wood treated with fumigants 5 years earlier was sparsely colonized, while that treated 15 years earlier was colonized more heavily. In general, many of the same species of microfungi occurred in treated and untreated poles. In both, fungal populations were dominated by Scytalidium and Trichoderma spp. None of the isolates caused losses in wood weight greater than 5%, but several exhibited tolerance to short fumigant exposures. The latter trait may help explain the presence of these fungi in wood still containing measurable levels of fumigant. The presence in fumigant-treated wood of fungi previously shown to be antagonistic toward wood decay fungi may help explain the ability of the four test fumigants to provide long-term protection.Key words: fungi, Scytalidium, Trichoderma, colonization, Douglas-fir.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Samtani, Jayesh B., Husein A. Ajwa, Rachael E. Goodhue, Oleg Daugovish, Zahanghir Kabir, and Steven A. Fennimore. "Weed Control Efficacy and Economics of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin Applied at Reduced Rates under Impermeable Film in Strawberry Beds." HortScience 45, no. 12 (December 2010): 1841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.12.1841.

Full text
Abstract:
Fumigants are used to control soilborne pests before planting high-value crops such as strawberry. The use of specialized tarps during fumigation can reduce fumigant emissions and mitigate the need for large buffer zone requirements mandated by regulators. Increased fumigant retention by use of barrier films during fumigant application may increase fumigant retention and allow use of lower fumigant rates to control soil pests than would be needed with permeable film. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum effective rates of the alternative fumigants, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + chloropicrin (Pic), and Pic required under virtually impermeable film (VIF) and a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp to provide weed control equivalent to methyl bromide:chloropicrin (67/33% v/v MBPic) standard soil fumigation at 392 kg·ha−1 under HDPE. A second objective was to determine fumigant rates under VIF and HDPE tarps needed to provide weed control and the economic costs of using VIF and reduced rates of the alternative fumigants. In 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons, the fumigants 1,3-D + Pic and Pic were tested at 0, 56, 112, 224, 336, and 448 kg·ha−1 under HDPE and VIF tarps at Oxnard and Watsonville, CA. An untreated control and a MBPic standard at 392 kg·ha−1 were also included in the study. Weed control was assessed using weed propagule viability bioassays for four common weeds, time required for hand weeding, and weed fresh biomass. The fumigant rate that would be needed for a 90% reduction in viability (GR90) for all weeds was 21% to 84% less for 1,3-D + Pic under VIF compared with the HDPE tarp. For Pic, the GR90 values were 5% to 64% less under VIF compared with the HDPE tarp. Hand weeding times and weed biomass decreased with increasing fumigant rates. With the exception of Pic in 2002–2003 at Oxnard, VIF reduced the rate required for weed control compared with the HDPE tarp for both fumigants and at both locations. Economic benefits of VIF relative to the HDPE tarp were not consistent and additional work is needed to quantify these relationships and the production conditions under which VIF will be beneficial.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Desmarchelier, James M., Sylvia E. Allen, and Yong-Lin Ren. "Comparison of Six Methods for Determining Aged Phosphine Residues in Wheat." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.3.638.

Full text
Abstract:
abstract Phosphine (PH3) and methyl bromide (ChhBr) are the main fumigants used on stored grains. Published multiresidue methods, including those based on solvent extraction and on purge-and-trap techniques, give poor recoveries of CH3Br and, in our hands, close to zero recovery of PH3 and carbonyl sulfide (COS), a potential fumigant. We examined factors influencing fumigant analysis, including stability of chemicals in leachates and partitioning of fumigant between leachate and air. The partition ratio, defined as the ratio of fumigant concentration in leachate to that in the headspace, varied between 1.1 for PH3 and >100 for ethylene dibromide (EDB). An official procedure involving solvent extraction followed by partitioning was modified by being performed in sealed flasks. This change raised the recovery of ChfoBr from 28 to 85%. Volatile fumigants, including PH3 and COS, were determined from concentrations in the headspace over the leachate (aqueous acidified acetone). Recoveries were nearly quantitative at levels down to 3 ng PH3/g and 16 ng COS/g, provided that fortified samples were used as analytical standards. Thus an existing multifumigant procedure was adapted to enable determination of the main fumigants used on staple foodstuffs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Loschiavo, S. R., and N. D. G. White. "THE LOSS OF A GRAIN FUMIGANT MIXTURE OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND CARBON BISULFIDE THROUGH SEALING AND VARIOUS COVERING MATERIALS." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 6 (June 1987): 595–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119595-6.

Full text
Abstract:
Fumigants that are liquid formulations at room temperature have been widely used to kill insects in stored products, containers, and soil. Carbon bisulfide was one of the first fumigants used on a large scale as early as 1869 and is still the main fumigant used in some parts of the world (Bond 1984). Carbon bisulfide is highly flammable (Fleming and Baker 1935) and is usually formulated with carbon tetrachloride to aid distribution of fumigants in grain masses (Berck 1958) and to reduce the fire hazard. Although carbon tetrachloride is of low toxicity to insects it causes extensive liver damage in humans (Rouiller 1964). Liquid fumigants were widely used to disinfest stored grain in the USA until recently (White et al. 1985), and are still used in many other parts of the world (FA0 1985).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ren, Yong-Lin, and James M. Desmarchelier. "Release of Fumigant Residues from Grain by Microwave Irradiation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.3.673.

Full text
Abstract:
abstract Multiresidue analysis of fumigants is important because of their widespread use on staple foodstuffs, such as grain. Fumigants are usually extracted from grain either by solvent extraction or by purgeand- trap techniques. In this paper, fumigant residues in wheat were "extracted" by a microwave procedure. Wheat, in gas-tight Erlenmeyer flasks, was placed in a domestic microwave oven, and fumigants were released into the headspace by microwave irradiation. Power settings for maximum release of fumigants were determined for CH3Br PH3, CS2, and COS. Recoveries of fortified samples were >90%. Completeness of extraction was assessed from the amount of fumigant retained by the microwave-irradiated wheat. This amount, determined from both solvent extraction and from further microwave irradiation, was always small(<5℅ of the amount obtained from the initial procedure). Limits of quantitation were <1 ng/g for ChhBr, PH3, and CS2. These low limits were essentially due to the absence of interference from solvents. The microwave method is rapid and solvent-free. However, care is required in selecting the appropriate power setting. The safety implications of heating sealed flasks in microwave ovens should be noted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Houck, Laurie G., and Bruce E. Mackey. "Permeability of Flexible Polymer Films Used to Wrap Citrus Fruit to the Fumigants Ethylene Dibromide and Methyl Bromide." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 1 (January 1989): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.1.86.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Permeability to the postharvest fumigants ethylene dibromide (EDB) and methyl bromide (MB) varied among 10 plastic films tested on grapefruit (EDB) and oranges (MB). Permeability was determined by comparing fumigant residue levels in fumigated film-wrapped citrus fruit and fumigated nonwrapped fruit. Some films restricted passage of the fumigants to the fruit, and residue levels in fruit wrapped with these films were lower than in fumigated, nonwrapped fruit. Residue levels in fruit wrapped with other films were equal to those in fumigated, nonwrapped fruit and these films were judged to be highly permeable to the fumigants. EDB and MB residues were slightly higher in fruit wrapped with three of the films than those in nonwrapped fruit, indicating that these films were slightly less permeable to EDB and MB than to other films tested, and also that desorption of the fumigants from the fruit during post-fumigation aeration was slowed by these three films. The permeability of flexible polymer films to fumigants such as EDB and MB should be a prime consideration when selecting films for wrapping citrus fruit in quarantine situations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Desmarchelier, James M., and Yong-Lin Ren. "Analysis of Fumigant Residues—A Critical Review." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 6 (November 1, 1999): 1261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.6.1261.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This review concentrates on the main fumigants currently applied to commodities: phosphine (PH3) and methyl bromide (CH3Br). It discusses possible new fumigants, such as carbonyl sulfide (COS) and ethyl formate (EtF), that may be able to be applied in such a way that “residues” after fumigation do not exceed the range of natural levels. The review aims to raise some general issues and to suggest some general conclusions from a synthesis of studies on analytical chemistry and on fumigant behavior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yates, S. R., J. Gan, S. K. Papiernik, R. Dungan, and D. Wang. "Reducing Fumigant Emissions After Soil Application." Phytopathology® 92, no. 12 (December 2002): 1344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.12.1344.

Full text
Abstract:
Volatilization and soil transformation are major pathways by which pesticides dissipate from treated agricultural soil. Volatilization is a primary source of unwanted agricultural chemicals in the atmosphere and can significantly affect fumigant efficacy. Volatile pesticides may cause other unique problems; for example, the soil fumigant methyl bromide has been shown to damage stratospheric ozone and will soon be phased out. There is also great concern about the health consequences of inhalation of fumigants by people living in proximity to treated fields. Because replacement fumigants will likely face increased scrutiny in years ahead, there is a great need to understand the mechanisms that control their emission into the atmosphere so these losses can be minimized without loss of efficacy. Recent research has shown that combinations of vapor barriers and soil amendments can be effective in reducing emissions. In this paper, some potential approaches for reducing fumigant emissions to the atmosphere are described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Heikes, David L., and Marvin L. Hopper. "Purge and Trap Method for Determination of Fumigants in Whole Grains, Milled Grain Products, and Intermediate Grain-Based Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.6.990.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A method developed for the determination of 1,2-dibromoethane in whole grains and grain-based products has been modified and expanded to include 8 other fumigants. Samples are stirred with water and purged with nitrogen for 0.5 h in a water bath at 100°C. The fumigants are collected on a trap composed of Tenax TA and XAD-4 resin, eluted with hexane, and determined by gas chromatography (GC) using electron capture detection or Hall electrolytic conductivity detection. Flame photometric detection in the sulfur mode is used to determine carbon disulfide. Thick-film, wide-bore capillary columns were used exclusively in both the determination and confirmation of the halogenated fumigants. The higher levels of fumigants are also confirmed by full scan GC/mass spectrometry. Samples are analyzed for carbon disulfide, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichIoroethane, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, 1,2-dibromoethane, and tetrachloroethylene. A total of 25 whole grains, milled grain products, and intermediate grain-based foods analyzed by this method contained fumigant levels up to 51 ppm (carbon tetrachloride in wheat). Recoveries from fortified samples ranged from 82 to 104%. Chromatograms from this purge and trap method are clean, so that low parts per billion and sub-parts per billion levels can be quantitated for the halogenated analytes. The quantitation level for carbon disulfide is 12 ppb.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fumigants"

1

Ren, YongLin, and n/a. "Carbonyl sulphide as a fumigant for grain and timber : efficacy towards organisms and formation of residues." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.120137.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis presents an investigation of carbonyl sulphide as a new fumigant and related methodology studies. The first part involved the investigation of a new fumigant - carbonyl sulphide, which has the potential to replace methyl bromide. Its biological response or activity was investigated, e.g. toxicity to target organisms and phytotoxicity, environmental and worker safety considerations. In the second investigation, analytical methods were developed for the determination of fumigant movement through timber and fumigant residues in grains as well as a method of chemical fractionation to determine the fate of carbonyl sulphide. A comprehensive literature review of 161 references in these two areas is reported. Carbonyl sulphide was highly toxic to adults of three coleopteran species tested, namely Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium confusum du Val, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the most sensitive species was R. dominica. For 6 hr exposure at 25�C, the L(CxT)95 value for R. dominica, S. oryzae and T. confusum were, respectively, 36.48, 99.82 and 113.0mg h L-1. Carbonyl sulphide inhibited 100% of mould in wet wheat and more than 90% of mould on dry wheat at lOOmg L-1. Both carbonyl sulphide and hydrogen cyanide were low in phytotoxicity without affecting germination of wheat, at levels needed to control insects. Unlike hydrogen cyanide, carbonyl sulphide can be used at minimum levels without decreasing plumule length of wheat. Chemical data on the sorption of carbonyl sulphide are compared with data from methyl bromide. The levels of carbonyl sulphide in the headspace of five commodities (wheat, barley, paddy, sorghum and peanut) and timbers (hardwood and softwood) decay more slowly than do levels of methyl bromide. Carbonyl sulphide was blown through a column of wheat as easily as was phosphine and more easily than was methyl bromide, and its front was blown out faster than phosphine and methyl bromide. Movement of two fumigants (methyl bromide and carbonyl sulphide) through, and sorption on, softwood and hardwood were studied. Each fumigant was sorbed less on softwood than on hardwood and penetrated softwood better than hardwood. Carbonyl sulphide penetrated timber better than did methyl bromide, and was less sorbed on timber. A rapid method of solvent extraction was developed to enable rapid estimation of the amount on intact fumigant sorbed in wood. This procedure enabled near quantitative recovery of methyl bromide as either intact fumigant or as bromide ion. Carbonyl sulphide residue in unfumigated wheat was found to be around 25- SOppb. Carbonyl sulphide left little residue on fumigated grains. Desorption of carbonyl sulphide from the wheat was extremely fast, 85% of it was released after one day aeration which was very much greater than that of methyl bromide and carbon disulphide. After 6 days aeration the incorporation of 14COS on mungbean, wheat, paddy, rice and safflower was lower than 7Oppb (calculated as COS equivalent). Food value or nutritional quality of foodstuffs is not harmed by carbonyl sulphide fumigation. This result was assessed by identifying any nonreversible change or combined residues in biochemical fractions of commodities including lipids, protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, etc., and no irreversible reaction between carbonyl sulphide and any constituent such as B vitamin, atocopherol, lysine, maltose and starch. Fumigants did not affect lipids, although each fumigant was applied to wheat at exaggerated concentrations, nor wheat germ oil and canola oil treated with extremely high concentration of fumigants. Factors which affect analysis of fumigants including stability of chemicals in extraction solvent and partitioning of fumigant between solvent and air, were examined. The partition ratio, defined as the fumigant concentration in extraction solvent to that in the headspace, varied with fumigant. Methods for multi-fumigant analysis were developed or modified and gave high recoveries and efficiency. The procedure of Daft of solvent extraction followed by partitioning was modified by being performed in sealed flasks. This raised the recovery of carbonyl sulphide, methyl bromide, phosphine and carbon disulphide. Recoveries were near quantitative at levels down to 6-16ppb (w/w) for tested fumigants. Thus the modified Daft method can be adapted to enable determination of the main fumigants used on staple foodstuffs. Microwave irradiation method give higher efficiency of removal of fumigants from grains. Limits of quantification were < 0.2ng g-1 (ppb w/w) for each tested fumigant. The detection limit of COS was calculated, as natural levels of the fumigant were detected in commodities. These are feasible, simple and rapid (< 2 min.) to be use to analyse fumigant residue in grains. Carbonyl sulphide has potential as a fumigant for grain and timber and may replace methyl bromide in some uses, subject to further investigation in commercial situations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Martin-Lapierre, Andréanne. "Application de composts et de fumigants pour lutter contre la verticilliose (Verticillium dahliae) du fraisier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28498/28498.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Gurban, Ana-Maria. "Biosensors based on dehydrogenases for food and environmental monitoring." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0922.

Full text
Abstract:
Les déshydrogénases NAD-dépendantes constituent une classe d’enzymes particulièrement attractives pour le dosage de nombreux substrats dans le domaine agro-alimentaire, et en particulier dans le secteur viti-vinicole. Cette thèse de doctorat décrit la mise au point de biocapteurs ampérométriques pour le contrôle de la fermentation malolactique du vin. Les différents capteurs développés sont basés sur des systèmes bi-enzymatiques couplant la malate déshydrogénase (MDH) à une NADH oxydase, ou sur des systèmes mono-enzymatiques associant la MDH ou une malate-quinone oxydoréductase (MQO) à des médiateurs électroniques judicieusement sélectionnés. Des capteurs utilisant une aldéhyde déshydrogénase ont été également décrits pour la détection de fongicides et fumigants de la famille chimique des dithiocarbamates
NAD-dependent dehydrogenases constitute a particularly attractive class of enzymes for the determination of various substrates in agrifood industry, and more specifically for wine industry. This thesis describes the development of amperometric biosensors for the monitoring of malo-lactic fermentation of wine. The different sensors designed are based either on bi-enzymatic systems coupling malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and NADH oxidase, or on mono-enzymatic systems associating MDH or a malate-quinone-oxidoreductase (MQO) with suitable electronic mediators. Sensors incorporating an aldehyde dehydrogenase are also described for the detection of dithiocarbamate fungicides and fumigants
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ha, Wonsook. "Non-isothermal fate and transport of drip-applied fumigants in plastic-mulched soil beds model development and verification /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012921.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Scurich, Justin J. "STRAWBERRY GROWTH, YIELD, FRUIT NUTRITION, AND CONTROL OF VERTICILLIUM WILT WITH PRE-PLANT SOIL FUMIGANTS, OZONE, AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/714.

Full text
Abstract:
Verticillium wilt is a widespread soilborne disease of strawberry historically controlled by soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). MB was banned by the United Nations in 1995 and will be completely phased out by 2015. Research has concentrated on alternative methods of disease control without finding a single alternative able to replace MB in widespread disease control and yield increase. For the current study, strawberries were greenhouse grown in container pots filled with soil from both infested and non-infested areas of a commercial strawberry field in Watsonville, CA. Treatments included pre-plant soil fumigation with commercially available formulations of methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and 1, 3-Dichloropropene. Additional treatments included ozone gas (six treatments) and biological control (three treatments). Collected data included total plant yield, individual berry weight, number of fruit produced per plant, plant vegetative weight, infection status, and mineral concentration of fruit (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, carbon, and nitrogen). Plants grown in ‘clean’ soil were less likely than plants grown in ‘infested’ soil to be infected with Verticillium. Plants grown in soil treated with MB had higher plant weight and yield than did non-treated control. Ozone and biological control treatments did not have statistically higher yield than non-treated control plants nor statistically lower yield than plants grown in soil treated with MB. Individual berry weights had a narrow range while the number of berries produced per treatment had a wide range. Data suggests strawberry yield is dependent on the number of berries produced per plant. Plants with high vegetative weight produced the highest yield suggesting large plants produce many berries resulting in higher yield.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sekhon, Ramandeep Kaur. "EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FUMIGANTS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCESSING METHODS ON THE SAFETY, VOLATILE COMPOSITION, AND SENSORY QUALITY OF DRY CURED HAM." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11052009-143259/.

Full text
Abstract:
Randomized complete block designs with three replications were utilized to evaluate the effects of fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride (SF) (0, 12, 24, 36 and 72 mg/L), phosphine (PH3) (0, 200 and 1000 ppm at 48 hr), methyl bromide (MB) (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/L for 48 hr), carbon dioxide (CO2) (0, 60% at 48 hr and 60% at 96 hr) and ozone (O3) (0 ppm and 175 ppm for 48 hr) on the volatile flavor compound concentrations in dry cured ham. Fluoride and SF concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in dry cured hams as SF fumigation concentration increased, but all samples contained fluoride and SF concentrations below the legal limits of 20 and 0.01 ppm, respectively. Also, as phosphine fumigation concentration increased, the residual concentration of phosphine also increased in the hams (P < 0.05), but all samples contained levels that were lower than the legal limit of phosphine in stored food products (0.01 ppm). Minimal differences existed in the presence and concentration of aroma active compounds in fumigated hams when compared to the control. Triangle tests indicated that consumers could not discern (P > 0.75) between the control hams and the fumigated hams. This study revealed that there were minimal aroma/flavor differences among control hams and hams that were fumigated with SF, PH3, MB, CO2 or O3 and that fumigation of dry cured ham with SF and PH3 were safe and met legal requirements for consumption. This reveals that SF, PH3, CO2 and O3 could be tested at the industrial level to determine their efficacy as potential alternatives to methyl bromide to treat dry cured hams for insect pests.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "The Effects of Methyl Bromide Fumigants on Verticillium Wilt on Two Varieties of Short Staple Cotton, Safford Agricultural Center, 1988." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204842.

Full text
Abstract:
Methyl bromid/chloropicrin formulations were applied to strips in the verticillium nursery at the Safford Agricultural Center where two varieties of short staple cotton were subsequently planted. More robust plant growth and reduced incidence of disease were noted with some of the treatments. Yield increases over the check plots were also seen. A study of the residual effects of the treatments will be performed in 1989.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ahmed, Qasim Hussein. "Evaluation of efficacy of fumigants and natural product extracts for management of springtail Hypogastrura vernalis (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) and green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Thesis, Ahmed, Qasim Hussein (2018) Evaluation of efficacy of fumigants and natural product extracts for management of springtail Hypogastrura vernalis (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) and green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/46427/.

Full text
Abstract:
Vegetables are one of the most important crops in the world and especially in Australia. Under this research, three study cases were investigated for controlling vegetable pests, purple scum springtail Hypogastrura vernalis in export celery and green peach aphid Myzus persicae in Brassica crops. They are a serious quarantine and production pests of economically important celery and crucifer crops and hence were selected for the current study. This research investigates and assesses the impact of the use of various fumigants on infested celery with H. vernalis along with the use of plant volatiles and natural plant-based essential oils for control of M. persicae. Celery bunches become host to the Australian native springtail (Hypogastrura vernalis) (Collembola: Hypogastruridae). Springtails live inside the celery bunch and do not cause damage to the product. Springtails are, however, considered a quarantine pest and have had a significant impact on celery exports. On the other side, using chemical pesticides against aphids has led to resistant aganist chemical pesticides so that require further experiments on the prospective role of factors affecting M. persicae pest status, including plant volatile compound and essential oils are urgently needed. Australia has widely grown celery Apium graveolens var. dulce for domestic and export markets. In the field, celery bunches become host to the Australian native springtail. These insects live inside the celery head, contaminating fresh celery but do not cause any visible damage. In chapter study, evaluation of ethyl formate (EF), phosphine (PH3) and their combination were used for celery fumigation against purple scum springtails that naturally infest celery. The selection of EF and PH3 was because both provide fast kill of insect within a few hours and are registered as fumigants in Australia. The material of EF breakdown is ethanol and formic acid, while the PH3 is slightly soluble in water and be broken down quickly into other products in the atmosphere. These are the first experiments that have used EF and PH3 for harvest celery fumigation. In the laboratory experiments, three concentrations of EF 50, 60 and 90 mg L-1; four concentrations of PH3 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg L-1 and three concentrations of EF 20, 30 and 40 mg L-1 combined with 1 mg L-1 of PH3 were used for various exposure times at the laboratory temperature 25˚C. The result indicated that 100% mortality was achieved at 90 mg L-1 of EF for 2 h and 100% mortality was also achieved at 30 and 40 mg L-1 EF combined with 1 mg L-1 of PH3 for 2 and 4 h exposure time, however, phytotoxicity was observed in celery treated with EF at all concentrations both in combination and alone. PH3 at 2.5 mg L-1 achieved 100% mortality within 6 h, and no phytotoxicity was evident. From these data, we conclude that PH3 alone has potential as a fumigant for the pre-shipment treatment of celery infested with purple scum springtails. In order to further develop natural or biological methods to manage the interaction between insect pests and host plants (three replicates per treatment) was studied using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The VOCs from uninfested and infested Brassica plants with M. persicae were investigated by headspace solid microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). There is a need for chemical pesticides replacement with environmentally friendly alternatives because of chemical pesticides have been widely used against various pests including aphids have been shown a negative side of environments and an effect on non-target organisms and to understand the communication between aphid and the host plant. Understanding the biological and chemical basis of volatiles could lead to new approaches to the biocontrol of aphids. In Chapter two, the study was evaluated on VOCs from uninfested and infested Brassica plants with M. persicae. The results show that 29 compounds were detected in both infested and uninfested cabbage Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata, and 25 compounds were identified in both infested and uninfested broccoli Brassica oleracea L. var. italica plant samples. The HS-SPME combined with GC-MS analysis of the volatiles describes the differences between the infested and uninfested Cruciferous plant samples. Based on peak area from the GC-MS analysis, the VOCs from infested cabbage consisted of Propane, 2-methoxy, alpha- and beta-pinene, Myrcene, 1-Hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl, Limonene, Decane, gamma-Terpinen and 2,4,4-trimethyl Heptane, all these volatiles were higher in the infested cabbage compared with their peak area in the uninfested cabbage. Similarly, the VOCs from infested broccoli were significantly greater than that from uninfested broccoli, such as D-limonene, Undecane, 3,4-dimethyl-, Heptane, alpha-Pinene, Oxalic acid, Citronellol, Tridecane, n-Decanoic acid, Cyclopentane, pentyl and n-Hexadecanoic acid compared with volatiles released from uninfested broccoli. The results presented in this chapter three outline the response of aphids and parasitoids to plant volatiles by using Y-tube olfactometer. The results show that M. persicae were significantly attracted to infested and uninfested cabbage and broccoli plants compared with clean air; the percentage of aphid choice was 80% and 70% toward infested cabbage and broccoli, respectively, and 7% and 10% were attracted to the clean air choice. While 75.5% and 84% of aphids attracted to uninfested plants comparison with clean air 3% and 7%, for the cabbage and broccoli, respectively. Comparing infested and uninfested plants, the aphids were attracted by 63% and 26.6% for infested cabbage and broccoli respectively, versus 57% and 30% for uninfested cabbage and broccoli, respectively. The results indicate that using an olfactometer, tested parasitoids prefer and are attracted to, the cabbage plants infested with M. persicae compared with clean air. Parasitoids can discriminate the infested plant and significantly responsed to the infested plant odour and attracted by 86.6% and 100% for both parasitoids toward infested Brassica plants. Another way to reduce chemical pesticides usage is with alternatives such as biopesticides for insect pest management. Therefore, chapter four describes the use of different essential oils (black pepper, eucalyptus, rosemary and tea tree), in combination and alone, against M. persicae. These essential oils have insecticidal activity and repellency against many insects including aphids and bioassay studies showed significant control of the green peach aphid through higher mortality. The results show that black pepper and tea tree pure essential oils were effective and caused 80% mortality of aphids for the contact treatment. However, the residual toxins were the most effective on aphids with 100% mortality for pure black pepper and tea tree oil and less than 96% for eucalyptus and rosemary. The combination of essential oils was tested with bioassay as contact and residual toxins. For the contact treatment, the mortality was 98.33% for black pepper + tea tree and rosemary + tea tree. While, in the residual treatment, the mortality was 100% for black pepper + eucalyptus, rosemary + eucalyptus and rosemary tea tree. The essential oil combinations exhibited synergistic, additive and antagonistic interactions for insecticidal activity. The combination of binary essential oils black pepper + tea tree oil showed enhanced activity, with a synergistic rate of 2.19. Essential oil formulation showed effective mortality of aphids, but phytotoxicity appeared on cabbage plants. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of stability of a mixture of essential oils showed that it was not affected by store temperature (15, 25 and 35˚C) and all functional groups were not changed during the storage for three months. Based on the results, essential oils can be used as a commercial insecticide against M. persicae thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides and their negative impact on the environment and human health. Natural products based on essential oils can be an excellent alternative to synthetic pesticides. In summary, the use of EF fumigant in combination with PH3 and alone achieved high mortality on purple scum springtails, however, phytotoxicity on treated celery is a negative. Alternatively, PH3 alone achieved 100% mortality after 6 h without any observed phytotoxicity, therefore, PH3 has potential as a fumigant for the pre-shipment treatment of celery infested with purple scum springtails. Plant volatile organic compounds that release from the infested cabbage and broccoli can use as an indicator tool for the field infestation related to the differences between the infested and uninfested plant. Base on Y-tube olfactometer, Myzus persicae response to both infested and uninfested plants and parasitoids response to the infested plants. From the laboratory experiments, essential oils show high mortality on green peach aphids and could be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. According to the FTIR analysis, essential oils can be stored at between 15 and 35˚C with no effect on the properties of the oil. Therefore, I suggest that tested essential oil constituents both pure and in combination could be screened as a potential natural insecticides. Further they could be involved in the chemical synthesis of new types of pesticides, based on essential oils and their constituents.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

McAvoy, Theodore Porter. "Managing Weeds and Soilborne Pests with Fumigant and Non-Fumigant Alternatives to Methyl Bromide." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37813.

Full text
Abstract:
Methyl bromide (MBr) was widely used as a soil fumigant to manage soilborne pests in plasticulture vegetable production; however, it has been banned by the United Nations Environment Programme. Alternatives to MBr must be implemented to sustain fresh market tomato productivity. Possible MBr alternatives include new fumigant compounds, improved plastic mulch, and grafting. Methyl iodide (MeI) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were tested as fumigant alternatives to MBr for the control of yellow nutsedge and soilborne pathogens of tomato. Virtually impermeable film (VIF) and totally impermeable film (TIF) were tested for fumigant retention and yellow nutsedge control in tomato. Grafting onto resistant rootstocks was tested for bacterial wilt and nematode management in tomato. In the absence of a soil fumigant, TIF suppressed yellow nutsedge better than VIF. TIF increased fumigant retention compared to VIF at similar application rates. Reduced fumigant application rates could be used in combination with TIF while maintaining fumigant concentrations, weed control, and crop yields comparable to greater use rates with VIF. Shank applied DMDS rates could be lowered to 281 L/ha under TIF from 468 L/ha under VIF; shank applied MeI application rates could be reduced to 56 L/ha under TIF compared to 93 L/ha under VIF and drip applied DMDS could be reduced from 561 L/ha under VIF film to 374 L/ha under TIF. Grafting susceptible commercial tomato cultivars onto resistant tomato hybrid rootstocks increased yields and plant survival in bacterial wilt infested fields. â Cheong Gangâ , â BHN 998â , and â BHN 1054â were the best performing rootstocks for bacterial wilt resistance and tomato fruit yield in severely infested fields. Grafting increased tomato yield and decreased root galling from root-knot nematodes in an infested field. Hybrid rootstock â RST 106â resulted in the lowest root-knot nematode galling. In conclusion, TIF with reduced rates of DMDS or MeI is a viable MBr alternative for fresh market tomato production to retain effective doses of fumigant, manage yellow nutsedge and maintain yields. Grafting is an effective MBr alternative to manage bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode and maintain tomato yields.
Ph. D.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Rozado, Adriano Ferreira. "Ozônio como fumigante na proteção de milho armazenado." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3642.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 269289 bytes, checksum: fda931f23e88417c20515b21a0ea64cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-18
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The current work aimed to assess the susceptibility of adults of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), subjected to ozone treatment at different depths in the grain mass, thus estimating the lethal time for 50% and 95% of each species population, and also assess the physiological quality of the maize grains subjected to the ozone treatment. Maize grains with moisture level around 13% (wb) were distributed in cylindrical PVC containers with 20 cm diameter, 100 cm high and connections for gas injection and exhaustion. At 10 cm from the base of the container, a metallic net was placed to sustain the grain and to form a plenum for better gas distribution. Maize grains infested with adults of Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum, obtained from laboratory colonies from climatic chamber of the B.O.D. type, were placed in cages of 3.0 cm high and 15.0 cm diameter with top and bottom of voil to evaluate the efficiency of ozone as fumigant. These cages were placed at different grain mass depths (over the plenum, middle and top of grain column) and subjected to a modified atmosphere of 50 ppm ozone under different exposure periods. The ozone was injected in a continuous flow of 8.0 L min-1 in connection located at the base (plenum) of the container. Tests of electrical conductivity, germination potential and humidity level were carried out in the maize grains to assess the ozone effect on them. The grain mass temperature was maintained around 25 oC throughout the experiment. To do that, a temperature controlled chamber was built where the containers were placed. The temperature was monitored through a data acquisition and store system called f-wire. Six cylindrical containers were used in all of the assays and in three of these ozone was injected, while the remaining ones were injected with atmospheric air (control). It was concluded that in general the increase in exposure period increased the efficiency of the treatments with 50 ppm ozone for adults S. zeamais and T. castaneum. The species S. zeamais was more susceptible. The highest exposure period to control 95% of the insects was of 240.75 h for S. zeamais and 390.18 h for T. castaneum. The greatest exposure period to control 50% of the adult insects was 124.20 h for S. zeamais and 234.75 h for T. castaneum. In general, the treatments with modified atmosphere containing 50 ppm ozone and atmospheric air did not affect the physiological quality of the maize grains.
O presente trabalho teve por meta avaliar a suscetibilidade dos adultos de Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), submetidos ao tratamento com ozônio em diferentes camadas da massa de grãos, estimando-se, assim, os tempos letais (TL) para 50% e 95% da população de cada espécie e, ainda, avaliar a qualidade fisiológica dos grãos de milho submetidos aos tratamentos com ozônio. Grãos de milho com teor de umidade em torno de 13% (b.u.) foram distribuídos em recipientes cilíndricos, construídos em PVC, com 20 cm de diâmetro, 100 cm de altura e conexões para injeção e exaustão de gás. A 10 cm da base do recipiente, colocou-se uma tela metálica para sustentação dos grãos e formação de um plenum para melhor distribuição do gás. Para avaliar a eficácia do ozônio como fumigante, grãos de milho infestados com adultos de Sitophilus zeamais e Tribolium castaneum, obtidos de criação contínua em câmara climática do tipo B.O.D., foram distribuídos em gaiolas de 3,0 cm de altura e 15,0 cm de diâmetro, também em PVC, sendo o fundo e a tampa confeccionados em tecido do tipo organza. Estas gaiolas foram dispostas em diferentes camadas da massa de grãos (sobre o plenum, mediana e superior) e submetidas a uma atmosfera modificada com 50 ppm de ozônio em diferentes períodos de exposição. O ozônio foi injetado em fluxo contínuo de 8,0 L min-1, em conexão localizada na base (plenum) do recipiente. Para avaliar o efeito da fumigação com o ozônio na qualidade do milho, foram realizados testes de condutividade elétrica, potencial de germinação e teor de umidade. Em todo o experimento, a temperatura da massa de grãos foi mantida próxima de 25 oC. Para tanto, construiu-se uma câmara com controle de temperatura onde foram acondicionados os recipientes cilíndricos, sendo esta monitorada por meio de um sistema de aquisição e armazenamento de dados denominado 1-wire. Em todos os ensaios foram utilizados seis recipientes cilíndricos, sendo que em três destes injetou-se ozônio e nos outros foi injetado ar atmosférico (testemunha). Concluiu-se que, em geral, o aumento do período de exposição resultou no aumento da eficácia dos tratamentos com 50 ppm de ozônio para os adultos de S. zeamais e T. castaneum. A espécie que se mostrou mais susceptível foi S. zeamais. O maior período de exposição para o controle de 95% dos insetos foi de 240,75 h para o S. zeamais e de 390,18 h para o T. castaneum. O maior período de exposição para o controle de 50% dos insetos adultos foi de 124,20 h para o S. zeamais e de 234,75 h para o T. castaneum. Em geral, os tratamentos com atmosfera modificada com 50 ppm de ozônio e com ar atmosférico, não afetaram a qualidade fisiológica dos grãos de milho.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Fumigants"

1

Seiber, James N., James E. Woodrow, Marylynn V. Yates, James A. Knuteson, N. Lee Wolfe, and S. R. Yates, eds. Fumigants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0652.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Taylor, R. W. D. Using phosphine as an effective commodity fumigant. Chatham: Natural Resources Institute, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Barse, Joseph R. Economic effects of banning soil fumigants. Washington, D.C. (1301 New York Ave., NW., Washington 20005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

L, Ferguson Walter, Seem Robert, and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, eds. Economic effects of banning soil fumigants. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

1940-, Seiber James N., American Chemical Society. Division of Agrochemicals., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Fumigants: Environmental fate, exposure, and analysis. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Montana. Environmental Management Division. Technical Services Bureau. Controlling burrowing rodents with burrow fumigants. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Agriculture, Environmental Management Division, Technical Services Bureau, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

United States. Dept. of Agriculture., ed. Methyl bromide substitutes and alternatives: A research agenda for the 1990's. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Susanne, Böning-Weis, Emmerling Erwin, Tautenhahn Danica, and Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, eds. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung: Beiträge einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung der Restaurierungswerkstätten des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege am 22. Oktober 1993 in München = Fumigation as a means of wood pest control : proceedings of a conference held by the restoration studios of the Bavarian State Conservation Office in Munich on October 22, 1993. München: Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Highley, Terry L. Longevity of chloropicrin and vapam in controlling internal decay in creosoted Douglas-fir timbers above ground. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

John, Hathaway. Methyl bromide replacement strategies. Phoenix, Ariz: Arizona Dept. of Environmental Quality, Waste Programs Division, Division Support and Pollution Prevention Section, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Fumigants"

1

Zuckerman, Matthew. "Fumigants." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_140-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zuckerman, Matthew. "Fumigants." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1797–809. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_140.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Unger, Achim, Arno P. Schniewind, and Wibke Unger. "Fumigants." In Conservation of Wood Artifacts, 275–325. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Seiber, James N., and Thomas A. Cahill. "Fumigants." In Pesticides, Organic Contaminants, and Pathogens in Air, 123–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217602-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hallenbeck, William H., and Kathleen M. Cunningham-Burns. "Halocarbon Fumigants." In Pesticides and Human Health, 68–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5054-8_45.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Poucher, W. A. "Incense and Fumigants." In Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, 339–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1484-4_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Perry, A. S., I. Yamamoto, I. Ishaaya, and R. Perry. "Fumigants and Nematicides." In Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment, 130–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03656-3_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Noling, J. W. "Role of Soil Fumigants in Florida Agriculture." In ACS Symposium Series, 14–24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0652.ch002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gamliel, Abraham, and Shachaf Triky-Dotan. "Accelerated Degradation of Soil Fumigants: Occurrence and Agricultural Consequences." In Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases, 311–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8804-9_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nash, Ralph G. "Plant Uptake of Insecticides, Fungicides, and Fumigants from Soils." In Pesticides in Soil and Water, 257–313. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1974.pesticides.c11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Fumigants"

1

Fang, Wei, Bin Huang, David B. Kittelson, and William F. Northop. "Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Combustion With Hydrogen, Gasoline and Ethanol as Fumigants: Effect of Diesel Injection Timing." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92142.

Full text
Abstract:
Premixed compression ignition (CI) combustion has attracted increasing research effort recently due to its potential to achieve both high thermal efficiency and low emissions. Dual-fuel strategies for enabling premixed CI have been a focus using a low reactivity fumigant and direct diesel injection to control ignition. Alternative fuels like hydrogen and ethanol have been used as fumigants in the past but typically with diesel injection systems that did not allow the same degree of control or mixing enabled by modern common rail systems. In this work we experimentally investigated hydrogen, ethanol and gasoline as fumigants and examined three levels of fumigant energy fraction (FEF) using gasoline over a large direct diesel injection timing range with a single cylinder diesel engine. It was found that the operable diesel injection timing range at constant FEF was dependent on the fumigant’s propensity for autoignition. Peak indicated gross cycle efficiency occurred with advanced diesel injection timing and aligned well with combustion phasing near TDC as we found in an earlier work. The use of hydrogen as a fumigant resulted in very low HC emissions compared with ethanol and gasoline, establishing that they mainly result from incomplete combustion of the fumigated fuel. Hydrogen emissions were independent of diesel injection timing and HC emissions were strongly linked to combustion phasing, giving further indication that squish and crevice flows are responsible for partially burned species from fumigation combustion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Arnold, F. "200. Measuring New Fumigants with Gas Detection Tubes." In AIHce 2006. AIHA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758911.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hwang, Jeffrey T., Alex J. Nord, and William F. Northrop. "Efficacy of Add-On Hydrous Ethanol Dual Fuel Systems to Reduce NOx Emissions From Diesel Engines." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9349.

Full text
Abstract:
Aftermarket dual-fuel injection systems using a variety of different fumigants have been proposed as alternatives to expensive after-treatment to control NOX emissions from legacy diesel engines. However, our previous work has shown that available add-on systems using hydrous ethanol as the fumigant achieve only minor benefits in emissions without recalibration of the diesel fuel injection strategy. This study experimentally re-evaluates a novel aftermarket dual-fuel port fuel injection (PFI) system used in our previous work, with the addition of higher flow injectors to increase the fumigant energy fraction (FEF), defined as the ratio of energy provided by the hydrous ethanol on a lower heating value (LHV) basis to overall fuel energy. Results of this study confirm our earlier findings that as FEF increases, NO emissions decrease, while NO2 and unburned ethanol emissions increase, leading to no change in overall NOX. Peak cylinder pressure and apparent rates of heat release are not strongly dependent on FEF, indicating that in-cylinder NO formation rates by the Zel’dovich mechanism remains the same. Through single zone modeling, we show the feasibility of in-cylinder NO conversion to NO2 aided by unburned ethanol. The modeling results indicate that NO to NO2 conversion occurs during the early expansion stroke where bulk gases have temperature in the range of 1150–1250 K. This work conclusively proves that aftermarket dual fuel systems for fixed calibration diesel engines cannot reduce NOX emissions without lowering peak temperature during diffusive combustion responsible for forming NO in the first place.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Loken, L. "325. Case Study: Exposure to New Fumigants and Fumigation Techniques." In AIHce 2002. AIHA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2766263.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hwang, Jeffrey T., and William F. Northrop. "Gas and Particle Emissions From a Diesel Engine Operating in a Dual-Fuel Mode Using High Water Content Hydrous Ethanol." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5460.

Full text
Abstract:
Diesel engines running in a dual-fuel fumigation mode using injection of a high volatility fuel into the intake air and direct injection of diesel fuel can reduce NOX and particulate matter emissions. Fuels such as methanol, hydrogen, gasoline, and anhydrous ethanol have been studied as fumigants; however there has been less published regarding the use of high water content hydrous ethanol. Current production of ethanol yields anhydrous (200 proof) ethanol with no water content. The distillation and dehydration processes used to remove excess water from fermented starches during production require large amounts of input energy, reducing the renewability of the resulting fuel. This paper describes an experimental investigation of an aftermarket fumigation system provided by CleanFlex Power Systems, LLC. Experiments to measure gaseous and particulate emissions were conducted using 120 proof hydrous ethanol and non-oxygenated ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. A John Deere 4045HF475 Tier 2 engine was modified to incorporate the fumigation system in the intake plumbing downstream of the charge-air cooler, just prior to the intake manifold. Data was collected for dual fuel fumigation combustion and compared to diesel only combustion. This study shows that the fumigation system achieved lower levels of NOX and soot proportional to the fumigant energy fraction (FEF), but increased CO and hydrocarbon levels as compared to diesel-only combustion modes. The results suggest that increasing the FEF by using lower water content or better mixing through port-injection may increase the emissions reduction potential of hydrous ethanol fumigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kwan, J., S. Yu, and P. Yue. "5. The use of UV in Lieu of Chemical Fumigants for Disinfecting Hepa Filters." In AIHce 2005. AIHA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758649.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Nead-Nylander, Barb. "Global uses for sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane®/ProFume®gas fumigants) for control of structural and public health pests." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110785.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Feston, James. "New technology in fumigant scrubbers." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115275.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Vasu Udompetaikul, Mir S Shafii, Shrini K Upadhyaya, Greg T Browne, and Dan Neves. "Planting Site-Specific Application of Fumigant in Orchards." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24902.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bhadoria, Dharam P., Mitesh Kumar, Kanika Bhadoria, Ram Kumar, Bharat Singh, Manish Kumar, Seema Singh, Koushik Dutta, Poonam Bhadoria, and Gainda L. Sharma. "Novel Allergenic Proteins Of Aspergillus Fumigatus." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4303.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Fumigants"

1

Konkler, Matthew J., Mark A. Newbill, Stan Lebow, and Jeffrey J. Morrell. Performance of two solid fumigants in covered bridges. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-346.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Aspergillus fumigatus Administered by Inhalation to B6C3F1/N Mice. NIEHS, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-tox-100.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Fumigants' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography