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1
Kunkel, Marius, and Sebastian Polarz. "Easy, efficient and versatile one-pot synthesis of Janus-type-substituted fullerenols." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (April 12, 2019): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.87.
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An efficient one-pot synthesis for Janus-type fullerenol derivatives and how to characterize them is reported. This synthesis provides access to asymmetrically substituted fullerenol with five substituents on one pole of the fullerene and polyhydroxylation moieties, mostly ether and hydroxy groups, on the rest of the fullerene core. As substituents a broad variety of primary amines can be used to obtain Janus-type amphiphilic fullerenols in good to excellent yield. These fullerenol amphiphiles can serve as suitable precursors for further reactions resulting in new applications for fullerenols.
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Djordjevic, Aleksandar, Branislava Srdjenovic, Mariana Seke, Danijela Petrovic, Rade Injac, and Jasminka Mrdjanovic. "Review of Synthesis and Antioxidant Potential of Fullerenol Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/567073.
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This review describes the chemical synthesis of polar polyhydroxylated fullerene C60derivatives, fullerenols C60(OH)n,2≤n≤44, C60HzOx(OH)y, and polyanion fullerenols C60(OH)15(ONa)9, ranging from the very first synthetic methods up to some contemporary approaches to synthesis and separation. It also provides some basic information about physical characteristics of fullerenols. With the increasing number of hydroxyl groups, water solubility of fullerenols increases as well. Fullerenols both in water and biological media build nanoparticles of different dimensions and stability. In different chemical and biological model systems a large number of various polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives were tested and they showed both their antioxidative and prooxidative characteristics. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the antioxidant activity of fullerenol. In addition, this paper also provides insight into patents referring to the antioxidant properties of fullerenol.
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Kovel, Ekaterina, Anna Sachkova, Natalia Vnukova, Grigoriy Churilov, Elena Knyazeva, and Nadezhda Kudryasheva. "Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Fullerenols via Bioluminescence Signaling: Role of Oxygen Substituents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092324.
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Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, a specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds, and perspective basis for drug development. Our paper analyzes the antioxidant activity and toxicity of a series of fullerenols with different number of oxygen substituents. Two groups of fullerenols were under investigation: (1) C60Oy(OH)x, C60,70Oy(OH)x, where x+y = 24–28 and (2) C60,70Oy(OH)x, Fe0,5C60Oy(OH)x, Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, where x+y = 40–42. Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays (luminous marine bacteria and their enzymatic reactions, respectively) were applied to monitor toxicity in the model fullerenol solutions and bioluminescence was applied as a signaling physiological parameter. The inhibiting concentrations of the fullerenols were determined, revealing the fullerenols’ toxic effects. Antioxidant fullerenol’ ability was studied in solutions of model oxidizer, 1,4-benzoquinone, and detoxification coefficients of general and oxidative types (DGT and DOxT) were calculated. All fullerenols produced toxic effect at high concentrations (>0.01 g L−1), while their antioxidant activity was demonstrated at low and ultralow concentrations (<0.001 g L−1). Quantitative toxic and antioxidant characteristics of the fullerenols (effective concentrations, concentration ranges, DGT, and DOxT) were found to depend on the number of oxygen substituents. Lower toxicity and higher antioxidant activity were determined in solutions of fullerenols with fewer oxygen substituents (x+y = 24–28). The differences in fullerenol properties were attributed to their catalytic activity due to reversible electron acceptance, radical trapping, and balance of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solutions. The results provide pharmaceutical sciences with a basis for selection of carbon nanoparticles with appropriate toxic and antioxidant characteristics. Based on the results, we recommend, to reduce the toxicity of prospective endohedral gadolinium-fullerenol preparations Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, decreasing the number of oxygen groups to x+y = 24–28. The potential of bioluminescence methods to compare toxic and antioxidant characteristics of carbon nanostructures were demonstrated.
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Sun, Hui, Jiaxin Zhang, Jianglong Kong, Hui Yuan, Yuelan Liang, Kui Chen, Xue Bai, Yanan Chang, Juan Li, and Gengmei Xing. "Increased Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Microbacteria Fermentation Treated by Fullerenols." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 5352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19341.
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Fullerenol nanoparticles were found to significantly modulate the gut microbiota and selectively enrich the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production by adjusting the gut microbacteria in mice models. In this research, we screened the C. butyricum from seven strains and investigated the interactions and mechanism between the C. butyricum and fullerenol NPs in vitro fermentation. The results shows that fullerenol NPs increased the amounts of acetate and butyrate of C. butyricum without significant bacteria growth in the complete medium. The activities of the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA transferase (BUT), which are the main pathway to produce butyrate, were reduced while the activities of the butyrate kinase (BUK) were enhanced simultaneously. Surprisingly, fullerenol NPs promoted the growth of C. butyricum and L. lactis in low glucose medium, but they could not be direct carbon source in the culture. Moreover, when cocultured with C. butyricum and the bifidobacterial strains in fullerenols, the biomass and acetate production of C. butyricum were markedly increased while butyrate was decreased significantly.
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Kuo, Wen-Shuo, Chia-Tse Weng, Jian-Hua Chen, Chao-Liang Wu, Ai-Li Shiau, Jeng-Long Hsieh, Edmund Cheung So, Po-Ting Wu, and Shih-Yao Chen. "Amelioration of Experimentally Induced Arthritis by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production through the Intra-Articular Injection of Water-Soluble Fullerenol." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060909.
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Accumulated evidence suggests a pathogenic role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in perpetually rheumatoid joints. Therefore, the application of radical scavengers for reducing the accumulation of ROS is beneficial for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We synthesized water-soluble fullerenols that could inhibit the production of ROS and applied intra-articular (i.a.) injection in an experimental arthritis model to examine the anti-arthritic effect of the synthesized compound. RAW 264.7 cells were used to examine the activity of the synthesized fullerenol. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by injecting their joints with fullerenol. The therapeutic effects were evaluated using the articular index as well as radiological and histological scores. Dose-dependent suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production caused by the fullerenol was demonstrated in the RAW 264.7 cell culture, thus confirming the ability of fullerenol to reduce ROS production. In the fullerenol-injected joints, articular indexes, synovial expression of ROS, histological and radiological scores, pannus formation, and erosion of cartilage and bone were all reduced. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were reduced, and fewer von Willebrand factor (vWF)-stained areas were identified in the fullerenol-treated joints than in control joints. The i.a. injection of fullerenol for reducing ROS production can ameliorate arthritis in joints by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and the angiogenesis process. Thus, the i.a. injection of fullerenol for reducing the production of ROS can be used as a pharmacological approach for RA patients.
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Ravelo-Nieto, Eduardo, Alvaro Duarte-Ruiz, Luis H. Reyes, and Juan C. Cruz. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Fullerenol Derivative for Potential Biological Applications." Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07793.
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Several biological barriers are generally responsible for the limited delivery of cargoes at the cellular level. Fullerenols have unique structural features and possess suitable properties for interaction with the cells. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a fullerenol derivative with desirable characteristics (size, charge, functionality) to develop cell penetration vehicles. Fullerenol was synthesized from fullerene (C60) solubilized in toluene, followed by hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide and tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) as a phase transfer catalyst. The obtained product was purified by a Florisil chromatography column (water as the eluent), followed by dialysis (cellulose membrane dialysis tubing) and freeze-drying (yield 66%). Subsequently, a silane coupling agent was conjugated on the fullerenol surface to render free amine functional groups for further covalent functionalization with other molecules. Characterization via UV–VIS, FTIR-ATR, Raman, DLS, and SEM techniques was conducted to evaluate the composition, size, morphology, surface functionality, and structural properties. We are currently working on the conjugation of the potent cell-penetrating agents Buforin II (BUFII) and the Outer Membrane Protein A (OmpA) on the surface of the fullerenol to estimate whether cell penetration and endosome escape are improved concerning conventional polymeric vehicles and our previous developments with iron oxide nanoparticles.
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Stepin, Evsei A., Ekaterina S. Sushko, Natalia G. Vnukova, Grigoriy N. Churilov, Anastasia V. Rogova, Felix N. Tomilin, and Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva. "Effects of Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenols with a Different Number of Oxygen Substituents on Bacterial Bioluminescence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2 (January 5, 2024): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020708.
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Gadolinium (Gd)-containing fullerenols are perspective agents for magnetic resonance imaging and cancer research. They combine the unique paramagnetic properties of Gd with solubility in water, low toxicity and antiradical activity of fullerenols. We compared the bioeffects of two Gd-containing fullerenols with a different number of oxygen groups—20 and 42: Gd@C82O20H14 and Gd@C82O42H32. The bioluminescent bacteria-based assay was applied to monitor the toxicity of fullerenols, bioluminescence was applied as a signal physiological parameter, and bacterial enzyme-based assay was used to evaluate the fullerenol effects on enzymatic intracellular processes. Chemiluminescence luminol assay was applied to monitor the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial and enzymatic media. It was shown that Gd@C82O42H32 and Gd@C82O20H14 inhibited bacterial bioluminescence at >10−1 and >10−2 gL−1, respectively, revealing a lower toxicity of Gd@C82O42H32. Low-concentration (10−3–10−1 gL−1) bacterial bioluminescence activation by Gd@C82O42H32 was observed, while this activation was not found under exposure to Gd@C82O20H14. Additional carboxyl groups in the structure of Gd@C82O42H32 were determined by infrared spectroscopy and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The groups were supposed to endow Gd@C82O42H32 with higher penetration ability through the cellular membrane, activation ability, lower toxicity, balancing of the ROS content in the bacterial suspensions, and lower aggregation in aqueous media.
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Bogdanovic, Visnja, Marija Slavic, Jasminka Mrdjanovic, Slavica Solajic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "The activity of superoxide-dismutase in animal cell culture CHO-K1 after treatment with fullerenol and mytomicine C." Chemical Industry 63, no. 3 (2009): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0903143b.
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Eukaryotic cell survives in predominantly reduced conditions. Homeostasis of cellular redox system is an imperative of cell surviving and its normal metabolism. ROS are well recognized for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems. These species are mutagenic compounds known to lead to DNA damage, favor cell transformation, and contribute to the development of a variety of malignant diseases. All the effects of oxidants are influenced by the cellular antioxidant defenses. This multilayer system consists of low molecular weight components and several antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the only enzymes dismuting superoxide radicals. Mitomycin C, a cross-linking agent, demonstrated genotoxicity in all in vitro and in vivo test systems in mammalian cells and animals. Water-soluble fullerenes are well known as cytotoxic agents for many cell lines in vitro. At the other side, fullerenols are good free radical scavengers and antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo. This paper investigates the effects of fullerenol on survival and fullerenol/ /mytomicine (MMC) treatment on superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity in CHO-K1 cells. Samples were treated 3 and 24 h with fullerenol (C60(OH)24) at concentration range 0.01-0.5 mg/mL and survival was monitored with dye exclusion test (DET). The activity of total SOD was estimated in samples treated with chosen concentrations of fullerenol and MMC (0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL) after 3 and 24 h of cell incubation. Increasing of C60(OH)24 concentration leads to decreasing of percent of surviving cells 3 and 24 h after incubation. The activity of total SOD enhanced with higher concentration of fullerenol, while decreased in the highest concentration at both experimental points. In samples treated with MMC, as well as in samples treated with fullerenol (0.0625 mg/mL) + MMC was noticed boost in total SOD activity in comparison with controls. Treatment with fullerenol decreased SOD activity in rest of samples treated with MMC. Decreased activity of superoxide-dismutase in almost all samples treated with fullerenol and MMC might be contributed to antioxidative properties of fullerenol. Increased enzyme level at concentration of 0.0625 mg/mL may be due to its prooxidative activity.
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Grebowski, Jacek, Paulina Kazmierska-Grebowska, Natalia Cichon, Piotr Piotrowski, and Grzegorz Litwinienko. "The Effect of Fullerenol C60(OH)36 on the Antioxidant Defense System in Erythrocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010119.
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Background: Fullerenols (water-soluble derivatives of fullerenes), such as C60(OH)36, are biocompatible molecules with a high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the mechanism of their antioxidant action and cooperation with endogenous redox machinery remains unrecognized. Fullerenols rapidly distribute through blood cells; therefore, we investigated the effect of C60(OH)36 on the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes during their prolonged incubation. Methods: Human erythrocytes were treated with fullerenol at concentrations of 50–150 µg/mL, incubated for 3 and 48 h at 37 °C, and then hemolyzed. The level of oxidative stress was determined by examining the level of thiol groups, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase), and by measuring erythrocyte microviscosity. Results: The level of thiol groups in stored erythrocytes decreased; however, in the presence of higher concentrations of C60(OH)36 (100 and 150 µg/mL), the level of -SH groups increased compared to the control. Extending the incubation to 48 h caused a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity, but the addition of fullerenol, especially at higher concentrations (100–150 µg/mL), increased its activity. We observed that C60(OH)36 had no effect on the microviscosity of the interior of the erythrocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated that water-soluble C60(OH)36 has antioxidant potential and efficiently supports the enzymatic antioxidant system within the cell. These effects are probably related to the direct interaction of C60(OH)36 with the enzyme that causes its structural changes.
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Murai, Ryota, Yasuhiro Takaya, Terutake Hayashi, and Masaki Michihata. "Study on Chemical Interaction Analysis of Reactive Fullerenol Molecules in Cu-CMP Using High-Sensitive Raman Spectroscopy." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.332.
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Surface with nanometer accuracy is required to manufacturing process of integrated circuit (IC) devices. One of the most promising techniques for surface planarization is chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). CMP is a high efficiency process, both due to the varied chemical and physical properties of the surface materials. Conventional CMP uses the slurry, which is composed of abrasive particles suspended in a chemical solution. The abrasive particle is effective for surface planarization by a chemical mechanism with little mechanical abrasion. So chemical reactivity appears to be an essential factor of CMP process. In our conventional study, fullerenols have been proposed as suitable abrasives for copper CMP. The chemical reactivity of fullerenol is suggested by the fact that high removal rate (150 nm/min) and surface flatness (0.6 nm RMS) have been confirmed using fullerenol slurry. In this study, we analyzed the chemical reactivity between fullerenol molecule and copper surface, which is important to understand the material removal mechanism. Using the intrinsic Raman spectroscopic signal of interaction between fullerenol and copper with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the chemical reactivity over a period of the reaction process was analyzed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemical analysis, since vibrational information is specific to the chemical bonds and symmetry of molecules. Therefore, it provides a fingerprint by which the molecule can be identified. However, spontaneous Raman spectroscopic signal is typically very weak, and as a result the main difficulty of Raman spectroscopy is separating the weak inelastically scattered light from the intense Rayleigh scattered laser light. Then Raman spectroscopic signal in this study is further enhanced by the SPR, also known as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The increase in intensity of the Raman spectroscopic signal for adsorbates on copper surface occurs because of an enhancement in the electric field provided by the surface. This technique enables high-sensitive analysis in the near-surface region. The signature of copper-oxygen bond was measured by Raman spectroscopy for fullerenol/copper system by in-process SERS analysis. It is thought to be caused by the hydroxyls of fullerenol molecule adsorbed on the copper surface. This result suggests that fullerenol molecules absorbing onto the copper surface affect the high efficient material removal.
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Tomilin, Felix N., Polina V. Artyushenko, Irina A. Shchugoreva, Anastasia V. Rogova, Natalia G. Vnukova, Grigory N. Churilov, Nikolay P. Shestakov, Olga N. Tchaikovskaya, Sergei G. Ovchinnikov, and Pavel V. Avramov. "Structure and Vibrational Spectroscopy of C82 Fullerenol Valent Isomers: An Experimental and Theoretical Joint Study." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041569.
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Gd@C82OxHy endohedral complexes for advanced biomedical applications (computer tomography, cancer treatment, etc.) were synthesized using high-frequency arc plasma discharge through a mixture of graphite and Gd2O3 oxide. The Gd@C82 endohedral complex was isolated by high-efficiency liquid chromatography and consequently oxidized with the formation of a family of Gd endohedral fullerenols with gross formula Gd@C82O8(OH)20. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the structure and spectroscopic properties of the complexes in combination with the DFTB3 electronic structure calculations and infrared spectra simulations. It was shown that the main IR spectral features are formed by a fullerenole C82 cage that allows one to consider the force constants at the DFTB3 level of theory without consideration of gadolinium endohedral ions inside the carbon cage. Based on the comparison of experimental FTIR and theoretical DFTB3 IR spectra, it was found that oxidation of the C82 cage causes the formation of Gd@C82O28H20, with a breakdown of the integrity of the parent C82 cage with the formation of pores between neighboring carbonyl and carboxyl groups. The Gd@C82O6(OOH)2(OH)18 endohedral complex with epoxy, carbonyl and carboxyl groups was considered the most reliable fullerenole structural model.
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Sushko, Ekaterina S., Natalia G. Vnukova, Grigoriy N. Churilov, and Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva. "Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenol: Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity and Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cellular and Enzymatic Systems." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095152.
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The Gd-containing metallofullerene derivatives are perspective magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. We studied the bioeffects of a water-soluble fullerene derivative, gadolinium-endohedral fullerenol, with 40–42 oxygen groups (Gd@Fln). Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays were applied to monitor toxicity and antioxidant activity of Gd@Fln in model solutions; bioluminescence was applied as a signaling physiological parameter. The Gd@Fln inhibited bioluminescence at high concentrations (>2·10−1 gL−1), revealing lower toxicity as compared to the previously studied fullerenols. Efficient activation of bioluminescence (up to almost 100%) and consumption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial suspension were observed under low-concentration exposure to Gd@Fln (10−3–2·10−1 gL−1). Antioxidant capability of Gd@Fln was studied under conditions of model oxidative stress (i.e., solutions of model organic and inorganic oxidizers); antioxidant coefficients of Gd@Fln were determined at different concentrations and times of exposure. Contents of ROS were evaluated and correlations with toxicity/antioxidant coefficients were determined. The bioeffects of Gd@Fln were explained by hydrophobic interactions, electron affinity, and disturbing of ROS balance in the bioluminescence systems. The results contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of “hormetic” cellular responses. Advantages of the bioluminescence assays to compare bioeffects of fullerenols based on their structural characteristics were demonstrated.
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Zubov, V. L. "THE THIRD, MOLECULAR, FORM OF CARBON: FULLERENES, CARBON NANOTUBES AND ONIONS SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FULLERITES." Revista de Investigación de Física 7, no. 01-02 (December 31, 2004): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rif.v7i01-02.9252.
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Presentamos una breve revisión sobre la prehistoria y descubrimiento de los fullerenos y más tarde nanotubos que constituyen la tercera forma molecular del carbón y también sobre varias propiedades, predominantemente fisicas, de los fulleritos, es decir, cristales compuestos por moléculas de fullereno. Particular atención es dada a las fuerzas intermoleculares, especialmente en fases de orientación desordenadas. El potencial de Girifalco es presentado para ocho fullerenos entre C28 y C96 y su generalización es hecha para las interacciones entre las diferentes moléculas fullerenos, Cm y c•. Las propiedades termodinámicas de las modificaciones a alta temperatura de una familia de los fulleritos, desde C36 hasta C96 , calculadas en equilibrio con su vapor saturado sobre la base del método correlativo del campo autoconsistente asimétrico que permite tomar en cuenta la fuerte anarmonicidad de las vibraciones de red, son discutidas. Los cálculos fueron logrados hasta la temperatura de pérdida de estabilidad Ts (punto espinodal). Comparamos nuestros resultados con datos experimentales disponibles. El comportamiento de algunas propiedades es considerado en su dependencia en el número de átomos en la molécula. Usando el criterio de fusión de Lindemann estimamos la posible curva de fusión del fullerito C611
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Peréz Benítez, Aarón, and Fernando Santiestaban Llaguno. "Acerca de la estereoquímica del fullereno gigante Ih-C500. Un modelo tridimensional y cálculo de las líneas de su espectro de RMN13C." Educación Química 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2000.2.66466.
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<div>Los espectros de RMN13C de los fullerenos icosaédricos de fórmula general C20n2 se pueden predecir de manera simple y rápida mediante la inspección de una de sus secciones triangulares, ya sea determinando la equivalencia entre sus átomos mediante operaciones de simetría y/o por la conectividad entre los mismos. En este artículo se presenta como ejemplo, la forma de calcular el número de líneas y su relación de intensidades en el espectro de RMN13C del Ih-C500. Asimismo, se proporciona una plantilla para la construcción de un modelo tridimensional mediante el cual se puede observar objetivamente la estereoquímica de este fullereno gigante.</div><div> </div>
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Kovel, Ekaterina S., Arina G. Kicheeva, Natalia G. Vnukova, Grigory N. Churilov, Evsei A. Stepin, and Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva. "Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Fullerenol C60,70 with Low Number of Oxygen Substituents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126382.
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Fullerene is a nanosized carbon structure with potential drug delivery applications. We studied the bioeffects of a water-soluble fullerene derivative, fullerenol, with 10-12 oxygen groups (F10-12); its structure was characterized by IR and XPS spectroscopy. A bioluminescent enzyme system was used to study toxic and antioxidant effects of F10-12 at the enzymatic level. Antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 were revealed in model solutions of organic and inorganic oxidizers. Low-concentration activation of bioluminescence was validated statistically in oxidizer solutions. Toxic and antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 were compared to those of homologous fullerenols with a higher number of oxygen groups:F24-28 and F40-42. No simple dependency was found between the toxic/antioxidant characteristics and the number of oxygen groups on the fullerene’s carbon cage. Lower toxicity and higher antioxidant activity of F24-28 were identified and presumptively attributed to its higher solubility. An active role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bioeffects of F10-12 was demonstrated. Correlations between toxic/antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 and ROS content were evaluated. Toxic and antioxidant effects were related to the decrease in ROS content in the enzyme solutions. Our results reveal a complexity of ROS effects in the enzymatic assay system.
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Panova, Gayane G., Konstantin N. Semenov, Anna S. Zhuravleva, Yuriy V. Khomyakov, Elena N. Volkova, Galina V. Mirskaya, Anna M. Artemyeva, Nailia R. Iamalova, Victoriya I. Dubovitskaya, and Olga R. Udalova. "Obtaining Vegetable Production Enriched with Minor Micronutrients Using Fullerene Derivatives." Horticulturae 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070828.
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Elaborating on the methods and means of enriching nutrition, including that of plants, with a number of microelements that are vital for humans is now very important due to the unresolved acute problems of micronutrient deficiency and imbalance, which affect the majority of the population of various countries in the world. Promising solutions for the implementation of biofortification in terms of safety, efficiency, size, biocompatibility, and transportability are the water-soluble derivatives of C60 or C70 fullerene. By now, the use of water-soluble fullerenes (C60(OH)22–24 or C70(OH)12–14 fullerenols, C60 fullerene with glycine or with arginine: C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg) with various functional groups for plant enrichment is pioneering. Experimental research work was carried out at the agrobiopolygon of the Agrophysical Research Institute under controlled microclimate conditions. This work constituted an assessment of the influence of C60(OH)22–24 fullerenol introduction into the soil on the content of macro- and microelements in the soil and in plants, for example, cucumber, as well as on the plants’ physiological state (photosynthetic pigments, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes), growth, and element content. Its aim was to study the possibility of enriching the plants’ production (Chinese cabbage, tomato, and cucumber) with compositions of the fullerene derivatives (C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg, C60(OH)22–24 or C70(OH)12–14 fullerenols) and selenium or zinc compounds by introducing them into a nutrient solution or by foliar treatment of plants. It was revealed that the introduction of solutions of C60 fullerenol in various concentrations (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg) into soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil contributed to the activation of the processes of nitrogen transformation in the soil, in particular, the enhancement of the process of nitrification, and to the increase in the content of mobile forms of some macro- and microelements in the soil as well as of the latter in plant organs, for example, in cucumber plants, especially in their leaves. Along with this, the plants showed an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, a predominant decrease in the activity of the oxidative enzyme peroxidase and in the intensity of lipid peroxidation, and an increase in the content of the reducing enzyme catalase. The improvement in the physiological state of plants had a positive effect on the growth rates of cucumber plants. The compositions of solutions of amino acid fullerenes (C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg) and sodium selenate as well as C60 or C70 fullerenols and zinc sulfate, selected on the basis of different charges of molecules or functional groups of fullerene derivatives, showed higher efficiency at low concentrations in enriching the plant products of Chinese cabbage, tomato, and cucumber with selenium and zinc, respectively, compared with mineral salts of the indicated elements and control (edible part of Chinese cabbage: by 31.0−89.0% relative to that in the control and by 26.0–81.0% relative to the treatment of plants with a sodium selenate; tomato fruits: by 33.7–42.2% relative to that in the control and by 10.2–17.2% relative to the treatment of plants with a sodium selenate; cucumber fruits: by 42.0–59.0% relative to that in the control and by 10.0–23.0% relative to the treatment of plants with a zinc sulfate). At the same time, the quantitative characteristics of growth, productivity, and/or quality of the obtained products increase and improve accordingly. The prospects for further research include an in-depth study into the mechanisms of the compositions of fullerene derivatives and various compounds of trace elements’ influence on the plants, as well as the synthesis and study of the various exo- and endo derivatives of fullerenes’ properties, including C60 complex compounds with transition metals and fullerenes, which, inside their carbon networks, contain atoms of various chemical elements, such as lanthanum and others.
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Shakirova, Anastasia A., Felix N. Tomilin, Vladimir A. Pomogaev, Natalia G. Vnukova, Grigory N. Churilov, Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva, Olga N. Tchaikovskaya, Sergey G. Ovchinnikov, and Pavel V. Avramov. "Synthesis, Mass Spectroscopy Detection, and Density Functional Theory Investigations of the Gd Endohedral Complexes of C82 Fullerenols." Computation 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9050058.
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Gd endohedral complexes of C82 fullerenols were synthesized and mass spectrometry analysis of their composition was carried out. It was established that the synthesis yields a series of fullerenols Gd@C82Ox(OH)y (x = 0, 3; y = 8, 16, 24, 36, 44). The atomic and electronic structure and properties of the synthesized fullerenols were investigated using the density functional theory calculations. It was shown that the presence of endohedral gadolinium increases the reactivity of fullerenols. It is proposed that the high-spin endohedral fullerenols are promising candidates for application in magnetic resonance imaging.
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Kojić, V., D. Jakimov, G. Bogdanović, and A. Djordjević. "Effects of Fullerenol C60(OH)24 on Cytotoxicity Induced by Antitumor Drugs on Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Lines." Materials Science Forum 494 (September 2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.543.
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The aims of this paper were to investigate cell growth activity of fullerenol C60(OH)24, its modulating effect on antitumor drug-induced cytotoxicity, and genotoxic influence of fullerenol at nanomolar concentrations. Human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were treated with fullerenol at concentrations from 0.9 to 3.9 µg/ml alone or simultaneously with antitumor drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, taxol, and tiazofurin; IC50 concentrations) for 2 hours. Growth inhibition was evaluated by colorimetric SRB assay after recovery period of 24, 48, and 96 hours. The genotoxic examination was performed using sister chromatid exchange test and micronucleus assay, at fullerenol concentration ranging from 1 to 5 µg/ml. The fullerenol alone mildly inhibits the growth of both cell lines. Simultaneous administration of fullerenol and antitumor drugs strongly suppressed antitumor drug-induced cytotoxicity. The rate of cytotoxicity inhibition depended on fullerenol concentration, type of antitumor drug and cell line. Protection against doxorubicin and cisplatin was more pronounced than against taxol and tiazofurin. Fullerenol was not found to be genotoxic to investigated cell lines.
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Lichota, Anna, Ireneusz Piwoński, Sylwia Michlewska, and Anita Krokosz. "A Multiparametric Study of Internalization of Fullerenol C60(OH)36 Nanoparticles into Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Cytotoxicity in Oxidative Stress Induced by Ionizing Radiation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072281.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and accumulation of fullerenol C60(OH)36 into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Some additional studies were also performed: measurement of fullerenol nanoparticle size, zeta potential, and the influence of fullerenol on the ionizing radiation-induced damage to PMBCs. Fullerenol C60(OH)36 demonstrated an ability to accumulate in PBMCs. The accumulation of fullerenol in those cells did not have a significant effect on cell survival, nor on the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane. However, fullerenol-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane proportional to the compound level in the medium was observed. Results also indicated that increased fullerenol level in the medium was associated with its enhanced transport into cells, corresponding to its influence on the mitochondrial membrane. The obtained results clearly showed the ability of C60(OH)36 to enter cells and its effect on PBMC mitochondrial membrane potential. However, we did not observe radioprotective properties of fullerenol under the conditions used in our study.
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Djordjevic, Aleksandar, Ivana Icevic, and Visnja Bogdanovic. "Complex with fullerenol and copper (II)." Chemical Industry 63, no. 3 (2009): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0903171d.
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Polyhydroxy fulleren derivates have significant potential in nanomedical application. Research of polyanion nanoparticle fullerenol C60(OH)24 is of high significance for interpretation of biological mechanisms. This paper investigated the properties of polyanion nanoparticle fullerenol C60(OH)24 as a potential polydentat ligand. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 water solutions were added in solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ in order to form a dark brown complex. Absorbance of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ solution was decreasing with increasing concentration of polyanion nanoparticle nanoligand fullerenol. This relation was determined in all investigated concentrations of [Cu(NH3)4]2+. The ratio of Cu2+ complex composer to polyanion polydentat nanoligand fullerenol had an increase from 1.5 to 9, proportional to the increase of the complex composer concentration and decrease of polyanion polydentat nanoligand fullerenol in the alkali medium. The thermogram TGA-DTA of fullerenol and fullerenol and CuSO4 complex, clearly show endothermic effects (which are the result of dehydratation and dehydroxylation) and exothermic effects (as the result of degradation of C60(OH)24 molecules and processes of oxidation in CO, CO2. At the beginning of TGA-DTA fullerenol thermogram, there is a very well defined endothermic peak of water loss at 100?C, followed by mass decrease as a consequence of lost hydroxyl groups, covalent bounded for C60. The influence of the complex composer is manifested in the moving of thermal stability towards lower temperatures. The complex composer is a catalyst of the process of polyanion polydentat nanoligand fullerenol oxidation to CO and CO2. The temperature peak of fullerenol oxidation is at 490?C and in the case of complex oxidation two peaks were detected at 380 and 410?C.
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Nurzynska, Aleksandra, Piotr Piotrowski, Katarzyna Klimek, Julia Król, Andrzej Kaim, and Grazyna Ginalska. "Novel C60 Fullerenol-Gentamicin Conjugate–Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties." Molecules 27, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144366.
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This study aimed to develop, characterize, and evaluate antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of novel fullerene derivative composed of C60 fullerenol and standard aminoglycoside antibiotic–gentamicin (C60 fullerenol-gentamicin conjugate). The successful introduction of gentamicin to fullerenol was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which together with thermogravimetric and spectroscopic analysis revealing the formula of the composition as C60(OH)12(GLYMO)11(Gentamicin)0.8. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that conjugate possessed ability to form agglomerates in water (size around 115 nm), while Zeta potential measurements demonstrated that such agglomerates possessed neutral character. In vitro biological assays indicated that obtained C60 fullerenol-gentamicin conjugate possessed the same antibacterial activity as standard gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, which proves that combination of fullerenol with gentamicin does not cause the loss of antibacterial activity of antibiotic. Moreover, cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that obtained fullerenol-gentamicin derivative did not decrease viability of normal human fibroblasts (model eukaryotic cells) compared to control fibroblasts. Thus, taking into account all of the results, it can be stated that this research presents effective method to fabricate C60 fullerenol-gentamicin conjugate and proves that such derivative possesses desired antibacterial properties without unfavorable cytotoxic effects towards eukaryotic cells in vitro. These promising preliminary results indicate that obtained C60 fullerenol-gentamicin conjugate could have biomedical potential. It may be presumed that obtained fullerenol may be used as an effective carrier for antibiotic, and developed fullerenol-gentamicin conjugate may be apply locally (i.e., at the wound site). Moreover, in future we will evaluate possibility of its applications in inter alia tissue engineering, namely as a component of wound dressings and implantable biomaterials.
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Bityutskii, Nikolai P., Kirill L. Yakkonen, Roman Puzanskiy, Kseniia A. Lukina, Alexey L. Shavarda, and Konstantin N. Semenov. "Fullerenol changes metabolite responses differently depending on the iron status of cucumber plants." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): e0251396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251396.
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The unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials, including fullerenol, have attracted great interest in agricultural and environmental applications. Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for major metabolic processes, for which a shortage causes chlorosis and reduces the yield of many crops cultivated worldwide. In the current study, the metabolic responses of Cucumis sativus (a Strategy I plant) to fullerenol treatments were investigated depending on the Fe status of plants. Cucumber plants were grown hydroponically, either with [+FeII (ferrous) and +FeIII (ferric)] or in Fe-free (−FeII and −FeIII) nutrient solution, with (+F) or without (−F) a fullerenol supply. Iron species-dependent effects were observed in either Fe-fed or Fe-starved plants, with alteration of metabolites involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, lipophilic compounds. Metabolic perturbations triggered by fullerenol in the FeIII-treated plants were in the opposite kind from those in the FeII-treated plants. Whereas in the FeIII-fed plants, fullerenol activated the metabolisation of carbohydrates and amino acids, in the FeII-fed plants, fullerenol activated the metabolisation of lipophilic compounds and repressed the metabolisation of carbohydrates and amino acids. In FeIII-deficient plants, fullerenol stimulated the metabolism of C3 carboxylates and lipophilic compounds while repressing the metabolism of amino acids, hexoses and dicarboxylates, while in FeII-deficient plants, activations of the metabolism of amino acids and dicarboxylates and repression of sterol metabolism by fullerenol were observed. The results indicated that the valence state of Fe sources is of importance for re-programming metabolome responses in cucumber to fullerenol either in Fe-sufficient or Fe-deficient conditions. These investigations are significant for understanding fullerenol interactions and risk assessment in plants with different Fe statuses.
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Elim, Hendry Izaac, Wei Ji, Gwee Chen Meng, Jianying Ouyang, and Suat Hong Goh. "Nonlinear Optics and Optical Limiting Properties of Multifunctional Fullerenol/Polymer Composite." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 12, no. 02 (June 2003): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863503001316.
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The nonlinear optics and optical limiting properties of materials based on multifunctional fullerenol and poly (styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) matrix were studied using 7 ns pulses of nanosecond laser operating at 532 nm wavelength. The observed imaginary and real parts of third order susceptibility of the fullerenol/polymer composite are found to be lower than that of its parent C60. The optical limiting performances of fullerenol and fullerenol incorporated with poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) have been proved to be poorer than that of C60 due to their higher limiting thresholds. Concentration dependence of poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) containing 32 mol% has been mainly contributed to the optical limiting performance of fullerenol.
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Grebowski, Jacek, and Anita Krokosz. "The Effect of Highly Hydroxylated Fullerenol C60(OH)36on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Organization." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/825914.
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The mechanism of the interaction of highly hydroxylated fullerenol C60(OH)36with erythrocyte membranes was studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) of stearic acid derivatives labeled with a nitroxyl radical at C-12 or C-16 and with a nitroxyl derivative of maleimide covalently attached to sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins. A significant increase in membrane fluidity in the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer was observed for 12-doxylstearic acid at fullerenol concentrations of 100 mg/L or 150 mg/L, while for 16-doxylstearic acid significant increase in fluidity was only observed at 150 mg/L. Fullerenol at 100 mg/L or 150 mg/L caused conformational changes in membrane proteins, expressed as an increase in thehw/hsparameter, when fullerenol was added before the maleimide spin label (MSL) to the membrane suspension. The increase of thehw/hsparameter may be caused by changes in lipid-protein or protein-protein interactions which increase the mobility of the MSL label and as a result increase the membrane fluidity. Incubation of the membranes with the MSL before the addition of fullerenol blocked the available membrane protein –SH groups and minimized the interaction of fullerenol with them. This confirms that fullerenol interacts with erythrocyte membrane proteins via available protein –SH groups.
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Djordjevic, Aleksandar, and Gordana Bogdanovic. "Fullerenol: A new nanopharmaceutic?" Archive of Oncology 16, no. 3-4 (2008): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0804042d.
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Chemical modification of fullerenes to hydrosoluble cluster molecules made fullerenes interesting for biological investigation. Among them, polycarbonated and polyhydroxylated fullerene C60 derivatives showed the most interesting biological activities. In this paper, we present the most important recent results of in vitro and in vivo biological studies with fullerenol C60(OH)24. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 was strong antioxidant: it reacted with superoxide anion radical, hydroxy radical and nitrous oxide radical in chemical and biological systems. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 did not inhibit human breast cancer cell growth at concentrations from 0.8 to 3.45 ?M, but strongly modulated cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and cis-platinum after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Radioprotective effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 were shown in different in vitro and in vivo models. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 (100 mg/kg) protected rat heart from doxorubicin toxicity. Biodistribution studies of fulelrenol were also investigated. Accumulating data from the literature and from our studies suggest that fullerenol, as a nanoparticle might be a new promising pharmaceutical in the near future.
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Djordjević-Milić, V., A. Djordjević, S. Dobrić, Rade Injac, D. Vučković, Karmen Stankov, V. Dragojević-Simić, and Lj Suvajdžić. "Influence of Fullerenol C60(OH)24 on Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.525.
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Earlier investigation of fullerenol, C60(OH)24, features, in vitro, showed that fullerenol have strong antioxidative potential. In this work, we examined the influence of fullerenol as a potential antioxidative protector on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Experiments were performed on adult Wistar rats, both gender. Animals were divided into six groups, each containing eight individuals. Doxorubicin was administrated i.v. (tail vein) in single dose of 8mg/kg. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 in treated animals was administrated i.p. (in doses 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 30 min. before application of doxorubicin. Control group (intact animals) was given saline (1 mL/kg). One group was treated only with fullerenol (100 mg/kg i.p.). Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin as well as cardioprotective effects of fullerenol were evaluated following the heart function monitored by ECG recording during adrenalin i.v. infusion, and pathomorphological examination of the heart tissue. These evaluations were performed on the day 2 and 7 after doxorubicin administration. Both functional and pathomorphological investigations revealed no heart damage two days after given treatments. However, on the day 7 after doxorubicin injection, changes in cardiovascular reflexes to adrenalin as well as structural damage were manifest. The time for appearance of adrenalin-induced reflex bradicardia in ECG record was significantly longer in doxorubicin treated group in comparison with the control one. Also, pathomorphological examination of the heart tissue showed vacuolization of cardiomyocites. In fullerenol pretreated groups these described changes were ameliorated and corresponded to the control values. These results suggest that fullerenol might be potential cardioprotector in doxorubicin treated individuals.
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Örnek, Ender, Metin Alkan, Selin Erel, Zeynep Yığman, Ali Doğan Dursun, Aslı Dağlı, Badegül Sarıkaya, Gülay Kip, Yücel Polat, and Mustafa Arslan. "Effects of Sevoflurane and Fullerenol C60 on the Heart and Lung in Lower-Extremity Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mice." Medicina 60, no. 8 (July 29, 2024): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081232.
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Background and Objectives: Lower-extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury can induce distant organ ischemia, and patients with diabetes are particularly susceptible to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Sevoflurane, a widely used halogenated inhalation anesthetic, and fullerenol C60, a potent antioxidant, were investigated for their effects on heart and lung tissues in lower-extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 mice were divided into six groups: control (n = 6), diabetes–control (n = 7), diabetes–ischemia (n = 7), diabetes–ischemia–fullerenol C60 (n = 7), diabetes–ischemia–sevoflurane (n = 7), and diabetes–ischemia–fullerenol C60–sevoflurane (n = 7). Diabetes was induced in mice using a single intraperitoneal dose of 55 mg/kg STZ in all groups except for the control group. Mice in the control and diabetes–control groups underwent midline laparotomy and were sacrificed after 120 min. The DIR group underwent 120 min of lower-extremity ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In the DIR-F group, mice received 100 μg/kg fullerenol C60 intraperitoneally 30 min before IR. In the DIR-S group, sevoflurane and oxygen were administered during the IR procedure. In the DIR-FS group, fullerenol C60 and sevoflurane were administered. Biochemical and histological evaluations were performed on collected heart and lung tissues. Results: Histological examination of heart tissues showed significantly higher necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, edema, and total damage scores in the DIR group compared to controls. These effects were attenuated in fullerenol-treated groups. Lung tissue examination revealed more alveolar wall edema, hemorrhage, vascular congestion, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, and higher total damage scores in the DIR group compared to controls, with reduced injury parameters in the fullerenol-treated groups. Biochemical analyses indicated significantly higher total oxidative stress, oxidative stress index, and paraoxonase-1 levels in the DIR group compared to the control and diabetic groups. These levels were lower in the fullerenol-treated groups. Conclusions: Distant organ damage in the lung and heart tissues due to lower-extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury can be significantly reduced by fullerenol C60.
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Eletskii, Aleksandr V., and Boris M. Smirnov. "Fullereny i struktury ugleroda." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 165, no. 9 (1995): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0165.199509i.1101.
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Liu, Zhiwei, Yu Zou, Qingwen Zhang, Peijie Chen, Yu Liu, and Zhenyu Qian. "Distinct Binding Dynamics, Sites and Interactions of Fullerene and Fullerenols with Amyloid-β Peptides Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082048.
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The pathology Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the self-assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides into β-sheet enriched fibrillar aggregates. A promising treatment strategy is focused on the inhibition of amyloid fibrillization of Aβ peptide. Fullerene C60 is proved to effectively inhibit Aβ fibrillation while the poor water-solubility restricts its use as a biomedicine agent. In this work, we examined the interaction of fullerene C60 and water-soluble fullerenol C60(OH)6/C60(OH)12 (C60 carrying 6/12 hydroxyl groups) with preformed Aβ40/42 protofibrils by multiple molecular dynamics simulations. We found that when binding to the Aβ42 protofibril, C60, C60(OH)6 and C60(OH)12 exhibit distinct binding dynamics, binding sites and peptide interaction. The increased number of hydroxyl groups C60 carries leads to slower binding dynamics and weaker binding strength. Binding free energy analysis demonstrates that the C60/C60(OH)6 molecule primarily binds to the C-terminal residues 31–41, whereas C60(OH)12 favors to bind to N-terminal residues 4–14. The hydrophobic interaction plays a critical role in the interplay between Aβ and all the three nanoparticles, and the π-stacking interaction gets weakened as C60 carries more hydroxyls. In addition, the C60(OH)6 molecule has high affinity to form hydrogen bonds with protein backbones. The binding behaviors of C60/C60(OH)6/C60(OH)12 to the Aβ40 protofibril resemble with those to Aβ42. Our work provides a detailed picture of fullerene/fullerenols binding to Aβ protofibril, and is helpful to understand the underlying inhibitory mechanism.
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Eletskii, Aleksandr V., and Boris M. Smirnov. "Fullerenes." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 163, no. 2 (1993): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0163.199302b.0033.
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Chen, Shuqing, Qi Ding, Yan Gu, Xin Quan, Ying Ma, Yulong Jia, Hongmei Xie, and Jinzhu Tang. "Study of Tribological Properties of Fullerenol and Nanodiamonds as Additives in Water-Based Lubricants for Amorphous Carbon (a-C) Coatings." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010139.
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The tribological performances of fullerenol and nanodiamonds (NDs) as additives in water-based lubricants for amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings are investigated to avoid disadvantage factors, such as chemical reactions and deformation of particles. The effects of size and additive amount on tribological properties of nanoparticles are studied by rigid nanoparticles within the dot size range. The results show that owing to its small particle size (1–2 nm), fullerenol cannot prevent direct contact of the friction pair at low concentration conditions. Only when the quantity of fullerenol increased to support the asperity contact loads in sufficient concentration did nano-bearings perform well in anti-friction and anti-wear effects. Unlike fullerenol, nanodiamond particles with a diameter of about 5–10 nm show friction-reducing effect based on the nano-bearing effects at ultra-low concentration (0.01 wt.%), whereas particles at higher concentration block the rolling movement, hence increasing the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear. As a result of the effect of difference in size, fullerenol provides a better overall lubrication, but it is hard to reach a friction coefficient as low as NDs even under the optimal conditions.
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Rudenko, Olga V., Nikolay A. Charykov, Natalya A. Kulenova, Marzhan A. Sadenova, Darya K. Anop, and Erzhan Kuldeyev. "Aerated Concrete, Based on the Ash of Thermal Power Plants, Nanostructured with Water-Soluble Fullerenols." Processes 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2024): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12102139.
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This study is devoted to the synthesis of aerated concrete by a non-autoclave method using ash from thermal power plants and a nanopreparation. Fullerenol-m was used as a nanopreparation. The fullerenol-m content in the sealing water of aerated concrete changed in the range of 0.00 ÷ 0.03 mas.%. The main performance characteristics of the nanostructured aerated concrete were studied, namely the compressive strength, impact toughness, thermal conductivity, density and moisture content. A significant improvement in the performance characteristics of the nanomodified aerated concrete compared to unmodified samples was demonstrated, which was most clearly manifested as an increase in impact toughness by several (three to five) times. The best performance characteristics of the modified aerated concrete were observed at a fullerenol-m concentration relative to the added cement within 0.022–0.028 wt.%. The authors attribute such a strong change and improvement in the physical, chemical and operational properties of aerated concrete when modified with fullerenol-m to the fact that fullerenol-m (a few thousandths of wt.%) has a very strong structuring effect on the sealing water and, as a consequence, on the resulting aerated concrete.
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Trajković, S., S. Dobrić, A. Djordjević, V. Dragojević-Simić, and Z. Milovanović. "Radioprotective Efficiency of Fullerenol in Irradiated Mice." Materials Science Forum 494 (September 2005): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.549.
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In vitro studies have demonstrated that fullerenol, a polyhydroxylated derivative of fullerene (C60(OH)n n = 12-26), has a high antioxidative potential. Since any radiation injury is mainly a consequence of the action of free radical species, the aim of this study was to examine radioprotective efficiency of fullerenol in whole-body irradiated mice. The experiment was performed on male, adult, white mice, whole-body irradiated with Xrays doses of 6 to 8 Gy (X-ray energy of 8 MV). Fullerenol C60(OH)24 was given in doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg i.p. 30 minutes before irradiation. The experimental groups consisted of 25-30 animals each. The survival rate and body mass gain of irradiated animals were monitored for 30 days after irradiation. The mean lethal times (LT50) of irradiated mice and mean lethal dose of X-rays were calculated and compared. The results showed that fullerenol C60(OH)24, in a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p., prolonged LT50 of irradiated mice. This effect was especially pronounced in mice irradiated with 7 and 8 Gy of X-rays. It seems that radioprotective efficiency of fullerenol C60(OH)24 is more marked in mice irradiated by higher doses of X-rays.
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Dmitrenko, Mariia, Vladislav Liamin, Anna Kuzminova, Anton Mazur, Erkki Lahderanta, Sergey Ermakov, and Anastasia Penkova. "Novel Mixed Matrix Sodium Alginate–Fullerenol Membranes: Development, Characterization, and Study in Pervaporation Dehydration of Isopropanol." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040864.
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Novel mixed matrix dense and supported membranes based on biopolymer sodium alginate (SA) modified by fullerenol were developed. Two kinds of SA–fullerenol membranes were investigated: untreated and cross-linked by immersing the dry membranes in 1.25 wt % calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water for 10 min. The structural and physicochemical characteristics features of the SA–fullerenol composite were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods, scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and swelling experiments. Transport properties were evaluated in pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol in a wide concentration range. It was found that the developed supported cross-linked SA-5/PANCaCl2 membrane (modified by 5 wt % fullerenol) possessed the best transport properties (the highest permeation fluxes 0.64–2.9 kg/(m2 h) and separation factors 26–73,326) for the pervaporation separation of the water–isopropanol mixture in the wide concentration range (12–90 wt % water) at 22 °C and is suitable for the promising application in industry.
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Injac, Rade, Aleksandar Djordjevic, and Borut Strukelj. "Doxorubicin-induced myocardial failure in rats with malignant neoplasm: Protective role of fullerenol C60(OH)24." Chemical Industry 62, no. 3 (2008): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0803197i.
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The therapeutic utility of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of fullerenol C60(OH)24 in preventing single, high-dose doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats with malignant neoplasm. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that fullerenol C60(OH)24, has strong antioxidative potential. Experiment was performed on adult female Sprague Dawley rats with chemically induced mammary carcinomas. All 32 rats (2-5 groups) received i.p. applications of 1-methyl-l-nitrosourea (MNU; 50 mg/kg body weight) on the 50th and 113th day of age. Animals were randomly divided into five groups as follows: (1) Untreated control group - rats received saline only; (2) Cancer control group - rats received MNU and saline; (3) Dox group - rats received MNU and Dox 8 mg/kg; (4) Full/Dox group -rats received MNU and Full 100 mg/kg 30 min before Dox 8 mg/kg; (5) Full group - rats received MNU and Full 100 mg/kg. Tumor incidence was 4.94 +- 0.576 per rat. The animals were sacrificed 2 days after the application of doxorubicin and/or fullerenol, and the serum activities of CK, LDH and ?-HBDH, as well as the levels of MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GR and TAS in the heart, were determined. The results obtained from the enzymatic activity in the serum show that the administration of a single dose of 8 mg/kg in all treated groups induces statistically significant damage. There are significant changes in the enzymes of LDH and CK (p < 0.05), after an i.p. administration of doxorubicin/fullerenol and fullerenol. Comparing all groups with untreated control group, point to the conclusion that in the case of a lower oc-HBDH/LDH ratio, results in more serious the liver parenchymal damage. The results revealed that doxorubicin induced oxidative damage and that the fullerenol antioxidative influence caused significant changes in MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GR and TAS level in the heart (p < 0.05). Ultra structural analysis of heart tissues from rats treated with doxorubicin and indicated that the hearts of the rats were protected from doxorubicin-induced subcellular damage. Doxorubicin/fullerenol rats did not appear to show significant cardiac damage although occasional focal loss of cristae in the mitochondria was observed. Therefore, it is suggested that fullerenol might be a potential cardioprotector in doxorubicin-treated individuals.
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Grzeczkowicz, Anna, Monika Drabik, Agata Lipko, Paweł Bącal, Angelika Kwiatkowska, Beata Kazimierczak, and Ludomira H. Granicka. "A Composite Membrane System with Gold Nanoparticles, Hydroxyapatite, and Fullerenol for Dual Interaction for Biomedical Purposes." Membranes 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080565.
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Background: Wound dressing plays a vital role in post-operative aftercare. There is the necessity to develop dressings for application on the border of soft and hard tissue. This study aimed to develop multifunctional polyelectrolyte layers enhanced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and/or fullerenol nanocomposites to achieve a wound dressing that could be applied on the bone-skin interface. Methods: Constructed shells were examined using TEM, STEM, and EDX techniques. The human osteoblasts or fibroblasts were immobilized within the shells. The systems morphology was assessed using SEM. The functioning of cells was determined by flow cytomery. Moreover, the internalization of AuNPs was assessed. Results: Involvement of fullerenol and/or hydroxyapatite nanoparticles influenced the immobilized cell systems morphology. Membranes with fullerenol and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were observed to block the internalization of AuNPs by immobilized hFOB cells. Conclusions: The designed bilayer membranes incorporating fullerenol, and bacteriostatic elements, prevented the internalization of AuNPs by hFOB cells and ensured the proper counts and morphology of eukaryotic cells. The developed material can be recommended for dressings at the bone-skin interface.
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Bogdanovic, Visnja, Karmen Stankov, Aleksandra Nikolic, Ivana Icevic, Slavica Solajic, Gordana Bogdanovic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "The influence of fullerenol on antioxidative enzyme activity in irradiated human erythroleukemic cell line (K562)." Chemical Industry 61, no. 3 (2007): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0703164b.
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Cell culture K562 samples were treated with fullerenol (C6o(OH)24) at a concentration of 10 nmol/mL and thereafter irradiated with X-rays (24Gy). The activity of gamma-glutamyltransfrease (?-GT), total superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and glutathion-peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined 1, 24 and 48 hours after irradiation. Irradiation induces an increase in the activity of all the investigated enzymes. Fullerenol in the applied dose decreased the ?-GT activity 24 and 48 h after irradiation. The total SOD activity is increased in both pretreated groups except in the iradiated group at the 48th hour. Treatment with fullerenol before irradiation increased GSH-Px activity in irradiated groups and decreased it in the control groups.
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Kanbar, Ayat, Nikolay A. Charykov, Victor A. Keskinov, Polina V. Malysheva, Zhasulan K. Shaymardanov, Botagoz K. Shaymardanova, Natalya A. Kulenova, Marchzan A. Sadenova, Liudmila V. Shushkevich, and Dmitrii G. Letenko. "SOLUBILITY OF La, Gd, Sm CHLORIDES IN TERNARY WATER-SALT SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER-SOLUBLE FULLERENOL – C60(OH)24 NANOCLUSTER AT 25 °C. SECHENOV MODIFIED MODEL OF SOLUBILITY OF NONELECTROLYTES IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION - SEM." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 59 (2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2021-59-85-3-11.
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Solubility in triple water-salt systems containing LaCl3, GdCl3, SmCl3 chlorides and water-soluble fullerenol C60(OH)24 at 25oC was studied by the method of isothermal saturation in ampoules. The analysis for the content of rare earth elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy, for the content of fullerenol – by electronic spectrophotometry. Solubility diagrams in all four ternary systems are simple eutonic, both consist of two branches corresponding to the crystallization of fullerenol crystallohydrate and rare earth elements chloride crystallohydrates, and contain one non-invariant point corresponding to saturation with both solid phases. On the long branches of crystallization of C60(OH)24, a pronounced salting effect is observed – the solubility of C60(OH)24•18H2O decreases by a factor of more than a hundred compared with the solubility of fullerenol in water. On very short branches of crystallization of LaCl3•7H2O, GdCl3•6H2O, SmCl3•6H2O, the effect of salting-in effect is clearly observed, the solubility of all four chlorides increases markedly. All diagrams cannot be accurately approximated by Sechenov monoparametric equation – SE – and are very accurately approximated by Sechenov trinomial modified three-parameter equation SEM-3. Comparison of calculations in similar triple systems containing water-soluble fullerenol C60(OH)24 and NaCl, CuCl2, UO2Cl2 shows the applicability of the classical SE model to systems with NaCl, SEM-3 model and the four-parameter SEM-4 model for a system with UO2Cl2
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Dyson, Nathaniel Gilbert, and Aldithya Fakhri. "POTENSI KOMBINASI NANOPARTIKEL FULLERENOL DAN INHIBITOR UREASE DALAM TATALAKSANA FARMAKOLOGIS INFEKSI HELICOBACTER PYLORI." JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i2.441.
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Pendahuluan: Helicobacter pylori menginfeksi lebih dari 50% populasi manusia di dunia. Hingga saat ini, tatalaksana farmakologis untuk infeksi Helicobacter pylori masih memiliki banyak tantangan, terutama resistensi antibiotik dan efek samping penggunaan PPI. Berbagai studi terbaru mengungkap bahwa nanopartikel fullerenol yang dimodifikasi dan dikombinasikan dengan inhibitor urease memiliki kemampuan untuk mengeradikasi Helicobacter pylori.
Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada tiga database, yaitu PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, secara independen dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil pencarian dengan metode tersebut didapatkan 5 studi yang terpilih yang digunakan dalam kajian literatur ini.
Pembahasan: Nanopartikel fullerenol dapat mengalami proses pinacol rearrangement dan memiliki gugus fungsional karboksil atau karbonil yang dapat berperan menyerupai aktivitas enzim peroksidase untuk menghancurkan polisakarida pada dinding sel Helicobacter pylori. Biotoksisitas dari nanopartikel fullerenol termodifikasi pada uji toksisitas dengan Drosophila melanogaster menunjukkan tidak adanya efek samping yang berarti. Inhibitor urease, seperti katekol dan p-benzonequinol, dapat menurunkan sintesis ammonia sehingga menurunkan pH lumen lambung. Kondisi ini akan menghambat pertumbuhan Helicobacter pylori dan meningkatkan kerja nanopartikel fullerenol termodifikasi. Biotoksisitas dari inhibitor urease juga sangat rendah dibuktikan dengan terjadinya perubahan morfologis sel glioblastoma (GL-15) manusia secara in vitro konsentrasi di atas 200 μM.
Simpulan: Nanopartikel fullerenol memiliki sifat seperti enzim peroksidase yang dapat menghancurkan dinding sel Helicobacter pylori. Sedangkan inhibitor urease mampu menurunkan sintesis ammonia sehingga menurunkan pH dan mencegah infeksi. Kombinasi antara FNP dan inhibitor urease sangat potensial sebagai alternatif tatalaksana farmakologis infeksi Helicobacter pylori.
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Grebowski, Jacek, Paulina Kazmierska, and Anita Krokosz. "Fullerenols as a New Therapeutic Approach in Nanomedicine." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/751913.
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Recently, much attention has been paid to the bioactive properties of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: fullerenols, with emphasis on their pro- and antioxidative properties. Due to their hydrophilic properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals, fullerenols may, in the future, provide a serious alternative to the currently used pharmacological methods in chemotherapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and radiobiology. Some of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy are anthracycline antibiotics. Anthracycline therapy, in spite of its effective antitumor activity, induces systemic oxidative stress, which interferes with the effectiveness of the treatment and results in serious side effects. Fullerenols may counteract the harmful effects of anthracyclines by scavenging free radicals and thereby improve the effects of chemotherapy. Additionally, due to the hollow spherical shape, fullerenols may be used as drug carriers. Moreover, because of the existence of the currently ineffective ways for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, alternative compounds, which could prevent the negative effects of oxidative stress in the brain, are still sought. In the search of alternative methods of treatment and diagnosis, today’s science is increasingly reaching for tools in the field of nanomedicine, for example, fullerenes and their water-soluble derivatives, which is addressed in the present paper.
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Injac, Rade, Natasa Radic, Biljana Govedarica, Aleksandar Djordjevic, and Borut Strukelj. "Protective effects of fullerenol against chronic doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats with colorectal cancer." Chemical Industry 63, no. 3 (2009): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0903259i.
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Since the introduction of Doxorubicin (Dox) for the treatment of cancer in 1969, this compound has demonstrated high antitumor efficacy. Dox's use in chemotherapy has been limited largely due to its diverse toxicities, including cardiac, liver, renal, pulmonary, hematological and testicular toxicity. Various attempts have been made to reduce Dox-induced toxicity. These include dosage optimization, synthesis and use of analogues. Moreover, a number of agents have been investigated as protective agents during Dox therapy. Polyhydroxilated derivatives of fullerene, named fullerenols C60(OH)n, are being extensively studied due to their great potential as antioxidants. It is proposed that they might act as free radical scavengers in biological systems, in xenobiotics-induced oxidative stress as well as against radioactive irradiation. We have investigated the effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 (Frl) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 week (for a time-span of three weeks) on heart and liver tissue after Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced toxicity in rats with colorectal cancer. In the present study, in vivo Wistar male rat model was used to explore whether Frl could protect against Dox-induced (1.5 mg/kg/week for three weeks) chronic cardio- and hepatotoxicity and compared the effect with a well-known antioxidant, vitamin C (100 mg/kg/week for three weeks). Commercially available methods were used for blood and pathohystological analysis and for the measurement of enzyme activity (SOD, MDA, GSH, GSSH, GPx, GR, CAT, CK, LDH, ?-HBDH, AST, ALT) in serum and homogenate samples of heart and liver tissues. According to macroscopic, microscopic, hematological, biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic results, we confirmed that, at all examined doses, Frl exhibits a protective influence on the heart and liver tissue against chronic toxicity induced by Dox.
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Icevic, Ivana, Visnja Bogdanovic, Dragan Zikic, Slavica Solajic, Gordana Bogdanovic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "The influence of fullerenol on the cell number, cell area and colony forming unit ability in irradiated human erythroleukemic cell line." Chemical Industry 61, no. 3 (2007): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0703167i.
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DET (dye exclusion test) cell count and cell area by computer analysis of the images were determined in cell lines of human eritroleukemia (K562), which were irradiated with X-rays in one dose of 24 Gy and pretreated with 10 nmol/mL fullerenol (Cgo(OH)24). Cell samples obtained using a citocentrifuge and May-Gr?nvald Giemsi (MGG) during, were analyzed. The cell colony formation ability was monitored using quantative CFU (colony forming unit) test. Irradiation decreases the number of K562 cells, but fullerenol significantly increases cell number on 24th and 48th hour of the experiment. Cell area is larger, and the number of formed cell colonies after irradiation is significantly smaller compared to pretreated groups during the whole experiment. Pretreatment with fullerenol maintains a smaller cell area, and the number of colony formed units was larger compared to the irradiated cells.
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Semenov, Konstantin N., Nikolai A. Charykov, and Viktor N. Keskinov. "Fullerenol Synthesis and Identification. Properties of the Fullerenol Water Solutions." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 56, no. 2 (February 10, 2011): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je100755v.
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Borisenkova, Alina A., Mikhail Y. Eropkin, Nadezhda I. Konovalova, Anna V. Titova, Maria A. Markova, Zhanna B. Lyutova, Anton S. Mazur, et al. "Fullerenol C60(OH)36: Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, Anti-Influenza Virus Activity, and Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solutions and Cell Culture Media." Antioxidants 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2024): 1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121525.
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Viral infections and many other dangerous diseases are accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which is a consequence of an increase in the level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this regard, the search for effective antioxidants remains highly relevant. We tested fullerenol C60(OH)36 in the context of the connection between its self-assembly in aqueous solutions and cell culture media, antiradical activity, UV cytoprotective action, and antiviral activity against international reference strains of influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B subtypes in vitro on the MDCK cell line. Various characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, NMR and ESR spectrometry, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), dynamic light-scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential measurements, were used to confirm the production of fullerenol and study its self-assembly in aqueous solutions and cell culture media. Fullerenol C60(OH)36 demonstrated the ability to scavenge •DPPH, •OH, O2•− radicals and 1O2 and was non-toxic in the range of the studied concentrations (up to 200 μg/mL) when incubated with MDCK cells for 24 h. In addition, fullerenol exhibited a cytoprotective effect under UV irradiation (EC50 = 29.7 ± 1.0 μM) and showed moderate activity against human influenza viruses of subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 (SI = 9.9 ± 4.6) and A(H3N2) (SI = 12.5 ± 1.3) when determined by the hemagglutination assay (HA-test) and the MTT assay. At the same time, C60(OH)36 was ineffective in vitro against the actual strain of influenza B virus (Victoria lineage). The high bioavailability of fullerenol in combination with its cytoprotective effect, as well as its antiradical and antiviral activity combined with a relatively low toxicity, allows to consider it a promising compound for biomedical applications.
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Lee, Chiang-Wen, Miao-Ching Chi, Kuo-Ti Peng, Yao-Chang Chiang, Lee-Fen Hsu, Yi-Ling Yan, Hsing-Yen Li, Ming-Chun Chen, I.-Ta Lee, and Chian-Hui Lai. "Water-Soluble Fullerenol C60(OH)36 toward Effective Anti-Air Pollution Induced by Urban Particulate Matter in HaCaT Cell." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174259.
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Particulate matter (PM), a widespread air pollutant, consists of a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in air. Many diseases have been linked to PM exposure, which induces an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells, and might result in skin diseases (such as aging and atopic dermatitis). New techniques involving nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems are being rapidly developed in the medicinal field. Fullerene, a kind of nanomaterial, acts as a super radical scavenger. Lower water solubility levels limit the bio-applications of fullerene. Hence, to improve the water solubility of fullerene, while retaining its radical scavenger functions, a fullerene derivative, fullerenol C60(OH)36, was synthesized, to examine its biofunctions in PM-exposed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The PM-induced increase in ROS levels and expression of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt could be inhibited via fullerenol pre-treatment. Furthermore, the expression of inflammation-related proteins, cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1, and prostaglandin E2 was also suppressed. Fullerenol could preserve the impaired state of skin barrier proteins (filaggrin, involucrin, repetin, and loricrin), which was attributable to PM exposure. These results suggest that fullerenol could act against PM-induced cytotoxicity via ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the maintenance of expression of barrier proteins, and is a potential candidate compound for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Chaban, Vitaly V., and Eudes Eterno Fileti. "Which fullerenols are water soluble? Systematic atomistic investigation." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 1 (2017): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj02813f.
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Wang, Zhenzhen, Xueling Chang, Zhanghui Lu, Min Gu, Yuliang Zhao, and Xingfa Gao. "A precision structural model for fullerenols." Chem. Sci. 5, no. 8 (2014): 2940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc00584h.
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Jennepalli, Sreenu, Stephen G. Pyne, and Paul A. Keller. "[60]Fullerenyl amino acids and peptides: a review of their synthesis and applications." RSC Adv. 4, no. 86 (2014): 46383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07310j.
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This review reports on the latest progress in the synthesis of fullerenyl amino acids and related derivatives, and categorises the molecules into functional types for different uses: these include directly attached fullerenyl amino acids, fullerenyl N- and C-capping amino acids, and those amino acids in which the [60]fullerene group is attached to the amino acid side chain.
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Govedarica, Biljana, Vukosava Djordjevic-Milic, Natasa Radic, Branislava Srdjenovic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Influence of fullerenol C60(OH)24 on enzime status in serum of rats after single dose administration of doxorubicine." Chemical Industry 62, no. 3 (2008): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0803191g.
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The antracycline antibiotics have one of the widest areas of use in oncology. The most investigated mechanisms of their antineoplastic activity include: interactions of these antibiotics with DNA, inhibition of topoisomerase II and production of free radicals. However, the side effects of doxorubicin, especially cardiotoxicity, are the limiting factor of its use in cancer therapy. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of fullerenol ?60(?H)24 as a cytoprotector in single doze administration of doxorubicin on the activity of enzymes in serum (CK, AST, ALT, LDH and a-HBDH) in rats in in vivo system. Activity of enzymes (CK, LDH, HBDH, AST, and ALT) in serume was measured with standard commercial methods. The results of analysis of the samples treated with the combination of fullerenol and doxorubicin show no difference in enzyme activity in comparison with the control group. The results indicate the possibility of using fullerenol as a protector in the therapy with doxorubicin in malign neoplasm.
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Bezmel'nitsyn, V. N., Aleksandr V. Eletskii, and M. V. Okun'. "Fullerenes in solutions." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 168, no. 11 (1998): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0168.199811b.1195.
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