Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fullerenes

Academic literature on the topic 'Fullerenes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fullerenes"

Lin, Hao-Sheng, and Yutaka Matsuo. "Functionalization of [60]fullerene through fullerene cation intermediates." Chemical Communications 54, no. 80 (2018): 11244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05965a.

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Fullerene cations, namely [60]fullerene radical cation (C₆₀˙⁺) and organo[60]fullerenyl cation (RC₆₀⁺), open paths for the efficient derivatization of a great variety of fullerenes.

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Pacor, Sabrina, Alberto Grillo, Luka Đorđević, Sonia Zorzet, Marianna Lucafò, Tatiana Da Ros, Maurizio Prato, and Gianni Sava. "Effects of Two Fullerene Derivatives on Monocytes and Macrophages." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/915130.

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Two fullerene derivatives (fullerenes1and2), bearing a hydrophilic chain on the pyrrolidinic nitrogen, were developed with the aim to deliver anticancer agents to solid tumors. These two compounds showed a significantly different behaviour on human neoplastic cell linesin vitroin respect to healthy leukocytes. In particular, the pyrrolidinium ring on the fullerene carbon cage brings to a more active compound. In the present work, we describe the effects of these fullerenes on primary cultures of human monocytes and macrophages, two kinds of immune cells representing the first line of defence in the immune response to foreign materials. These compounds are not recognized by circulating monocytes while they get into macrophages. The evaluation of the pronecrotic or proapoptotic effects, analysed by means of analysis of the purinergic receptor P2X7 activation and of ROS scavenging activity, has allowed us to show that fullerene2, but not its analogue fullerene1, displays toxicity, even though at concentrations higher than those shown to be active on neoplastic cells.

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Iyoda, Masahiko, Hideyuki Shimizu, Shinobu Aoyagi, Hiroshi Okada, Biao Zhou, and Yutaka Matsuo. "Structures and properties of Saturn-like complexes composed of oligothiophene macrocycle with methano[60]fullerene and [70]fullerene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 3 (March 2017): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0461.

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π-Expanded oligothienylene macrocycle with a large inner cavity incorporates fullerenes such as methano[60]fullerene (C61H2) and [70]fullerene (C70) inside to form Saturn-like complexes. Although the oligothiophene macrocycle weakly interacts with fullerenes in solution, it forms stable Saturn-like fullerene complexes in the solid state. X-ray analysis of the Saturn-like complexes exhibited short contacts between the sulfur atoms of the oligothiophene macrocycle and fullerene carbons, which hinder the rotation of fullerenes. As a result, the non-covalent interaction between the oligothiophene macrocycle and fullerenes was employed in crystal structure determination of fullerenes. UV–vis–NIR spectra of the Saturn-like complexes showed weak donor–acceptor interaction between the oligothiophene macrocycle and fullerenes.

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Sabirov, Denis Sh. "Polarizability as a landmark property for fullerene chemistry and materials science." RSC Adv. 4, no. 85 (2014): 44996–5028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06116k.

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The review summarizes data on dipole polarizability of fullerenes and their derivatives, covering the most widespread classes of fullerene-containing molecules (fullerenes, fullerene exohedral derivatives, fullerene dimers, endofullerenes, fullerene ions, and derivatives with ionic bonds).

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Manchado, A., J. J. Díaz-Luis, D. A. García-Hernández, and F. Cataldo. "A Catalog of Diffuse Interstellar Bands in Fullerene-Containing Planetary Nebulae." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S297 (May 2013): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313015901.

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AbstractLarge fullerenes and fullerene-based molecules have been proposed as carriers of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). The recent detection of the most common fullerenes (C60 and C70) around some Planetary Nebulae (PNe) now enable us to study the DIBs in fullerene-rich space environments. We have studied the presence of DIBs in the optical spectra (~3300-9400 Å) of two fullerene-containing PNe (Tc 1 and M 1-20). Special attention is given to DIBs which are found to be unusually intense in fullerene-containing PNe; several of these DIBS have not previously been reported. Fullerenes larger than C60 (and C70) and multishell fullerenes may be possible candidate carriers for the unusual DIBs seen in fullerene-rich environments.

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Djordjevic, Aleksandar, and Gordana Bogdanovic. "Fullerenol: A new nanopharmaceutic?" Archive of Oncology 16, no. 3-4 (2008): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0804042d.

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Chemical modification of fullerenes to hydrosoluble cluster molecules made fullerenes interesting for biological investigation. Among them, polycarbonated and polyhydroxylated fullerene C60 derivatives showed the most interesting biological activities. In this paper, we present the most important recent results of in vitro and in vivo biological studies with fullerenol C60(OH)24. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 was strong antioxidant: it reacted with superoxide anion radical, hydroxy radical and nitrous oxide radical in chemical and biological systems. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 did not inhibit human breast cancer cell growth at concentrations from 0.8 to 3.45 ?M, but strongly modulated cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and cis-platinum after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Radioprotective effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 were shown in different in vitro and in vivo models. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 (100 mg/kg) protected rat heart from doxorubicin toxicity. Biodistribution studies of fulelrenol were also investigated. Accumulating data from the literature and from our studies suggest that fullerenol, as a nanoparticle might be a new promising pharmaceutical in the near future.

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Panova, Gayane G., Konstantin N. Semenov, Anna S. Zhuravleva, Yuriy V. Khomyakov, Elena N. Volkova, Galina V. Mirskaya, Anna M. Artemyeva, Nailia R. Iamalova, Victoriya I. Dubovitskaya, and Olga R. Udalova. "Obtaining Vegetable Production Enriched with Minor Micronutrients Using Fullerene Derivatives." Horticulturae 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070828.

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Elaborating on the methods and means of enriching nutrition, including that of plants, with a number of microelements that are vital for humans is now very important due to the unresolved acute problems of micronutrient deficiency and imbalance, which affect the majority of the population of various countries in the world. Promising solutions for the implementation of biofortification in terms of safety, efficiency, size, biocompatibility, and transportability are the water-soluble derivatives of C60 or C70 fullerene. By now, the use of water-soluble fullerenes (C60(OH)22–24 or C70(OH)12–14 fullerenols, C60 fullerene with glycine or with arginine: C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg) with various functional groups for plant enrichment is pioneering. Experimental research work was carried out at the agrobiopolygon of the Agrophysical Research Institute under controlled microclimate conditions. This work constituted an assessment of the influence of C60(OH)22–24 fullerenol introduction into the soil on the content of macro- and microelements in the soil and in plants, for example, cucumber, as well as on the plants’ physiological state (photosynthetic pigments, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes), growth, and element content. Its aim was to study the possibility of enriching the plants’ production (Chinese cabbage, tomato, and cucumber) with compositions of the fullerene derivatives (C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg, C60(OH)22–24 or C70(OH)12–14 fullerenols) and selenium or zinc compounds by introducing them into a nutrient solution or by foliar treatment of plants. It was revealed that the introduction of solutions of C60 fullerenol in various concentrations (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg) into soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil contributed to the activation of the processes of nitrogen transformation in the soil, in particular, the enhancement of the process of nitrification, and to the increase in the content of mobile forms of some macro- and microelements in the soil as well as of the latter in plant organs, for example, in cucumber plants, especially in their leaves. Along with this, the plants showed an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, a predominant decrease in the activity of the oxidative enzyme peroxidase and in the intensity of lipid peroxidation, and an increase in the content of the reducing enzyme catalase. The improvement in the physiological state of plants had a positive effect on the growth rates of cucumber plants. The compositions of solutions of amino acid fullerenes (C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg) and sodium selenate as well as C60 or C70 fullerenols and zinc sulfate, selected on the basis of different charges of molecules or functional groups of fullerene derivatives, showed higher efficiency at low concentrations in enriching the plant products of Chinese cabbage, tomato, and cucumber with selenium and zinc, respectively, compared with mineral salts of the indicated elements and control (edible part of Chinese cabbage: by 31.0−89.0% relative to that in the control and by 26.0–81.0% relative to the treatment of plants with a sodium selenate; tomato fruits: by 33.7–42.2% relative to that in the control and by 10.2–17.2% relative to the treatment of plants with a sodium selenate; cucumber fruits: by 42.0–59.0% relative to that in the control and by 10.0–23.0% relative to the treatment of plants with a zinc sulfate). At the same time, the quantitative characteristics of growth, productivity, and/or quality of the obtained products increase and improve accordingly. The prospects for further research include an in-depth study into the mechanisms of the compositions of fullerene derivatives and various compounds of trace elements’ influence on the plants, as well as the synthesis and study of the various exo- and endo derivatives of fullerenes’ properties, including C60 complex compounds with transition metals and fullerenes, which, inside their carbon networks, contain atoms of various chemical elements, such as lanthanum and others.

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Gao, Yang, and Heping Zhang. "Clar Structure and Fries Set of Fullerenes and (4,6)-Fullerenes on Surfaces." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/196792.

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Fowler and Pisanski showed that the Fries number for a fullerene on surface Σ is bounded above by|V|/3, and fullerenes which attain this bound are exactly the class of leapfrog fullerenes on surface Σ. We showed that the Clar number of a fullerene on surface Σ is bounded above by(|V|/6)-χ(Σ), whereχ(Σ)stands for the Euler characteristic of Σ. By establishing a relation between the extremal fullerenes and the extremal (4,6)-fullerenes on the sphere, Hartung characterized the fullerenes on the sphereS0for which Clar numbers attain(|V|/6)-χ(S0). We prove that, for a (4,6)-fullerene on surface Σ, its Clar number is bounded above by(|V|/6)+χ(Σ)and its Fries number is bounded above by(|V|/3)+χ(Σ), and we characterize the (4,6)-fullerenes on surface Σ attaining these two bounds in terms of perfect Clar structure. Moreover, we characterize the fullerenes on the projective planeN1for which Clar numbers attain(|V|/6)-χ(N1)in Hartung’s method.

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Dresselhaus, M. S., G. Dresselhaus, and P. C. Eklund. "Fullerenes." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 8 (August 1993): 2054–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2054.

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A review of the structure and properties of fullerenes is presented. Emphasis is given to their behavior as molecular solids. The structure and property modifications produced by alkali-metal doping are summarized, including modification to the electronic structure, lattice modes, transport, and optical properties. Particular emphasis is given to the alkali-metal-doped fullerenes because of their importance as superconductors. A review of the structure and properties of fullerene-based graphene tubules is also given, including a model for their one-dimensional electronic band structure. Potential applications for fullerene-based materials are suggested.

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Sánchez-Bernabe, Francisco J. "Study of fullerenes C₁₂₆ and C₁₅₆ with seven heptagon rings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2321, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2321/1/012028.

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Abstract We consider fullerenes C126 and C156, both of them with seven heptagon rings. The first of them is C126 with 19 pentagons, and 39 hexagons. It is also considered C156 with 19 pentagons, and 54 hexagons. From previous work, a couple of fullerenes, C130 and C134, are mentioned for comparative reasons. These two fullerenes also contain seven heptagon rings. Fullerene C130 is constituted of 19 pentagons, and 41 hexagons. On the other hand, fullerene C134 has 19 pentagons, and 43 hexagons. Therefore, the four fullerenes considered, with seven heptagon rings, also share the property that, the number of pentagons in each of them, is 19. This fact is a consequence of a couple of equations that relates the number of pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons contained in a fullerene. Classical fullerenes contain only pentagons and hexagons, and the more familiar example is C60 with 20 hexagons, and 12 pentagons. Actually, all classical fullerenes have 12 pentagons, regardless of how many hexagons are involved. Besides this type of molecules, there exists nonclassical fullerenes, where another type of ring is presented, like squares, or heptagons. In this paper, fullerenes with 126, 130, 134, and 156 carbons are considered, with seven heptagons, and as a consequence, all them contain 19 pentagons, and they have 39, 41, 43, and 54 hexagons, respectively. Future work would focus on finding fullerenes with a different number of carbons, and hexagons, but with 7 heptagons, and 19 pentagons. Thus, fullerene C128 of this type, should contain 40 hexagons.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fullerenes"

Rathna, A. "Theoretical Studies Of Fullerenes And Fullerene Derivatives." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/111.

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The detection of Ceo and Cro in 1985 and the subsequent development of a preparative procedure have opened up a new area of research in carbon chemistry. The study of physico-chemical properties of these molecules is currently being pursued with great interest. The goal of the present thesis is to provide simple generalization concerning the structure and bonding which would be of useful interpretive value in understanding the reactivity patterns. The stability of a large number of derivatives have been examined at uniform levels of semiempirical MO theories. The results are shown to be consistent with simple localized bonding model of molecular and electronic structure of Ceo and Cro. Additional factors influencing the relative stabilities of fullerene derivatives are also analysed.

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Rathna, A. "Theoretical Studies Of Fullerenes And Fullerene Derivatives." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/111.

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Rabinovich, Daniel. "A molecule for football fans." Revista de Química, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99465.

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Una molécula para los aficionados al fútbol (El descubrimiento de los Fullerenos y su aparición en las estampillas del Reino Unido)
A molecule for football fans (The discovery of fullerenes and their appearance on stamps UK)

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Goel, Anish. "Combustion synthesis of fullerenes and fullerenic nanostructures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32334.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-132).
Fullerenes are molecules comprised entirely of sp²-bonded carbon atoms arranged in pentagonal and hexagonal rings to form a hollow, closed-cage structure. Buckyballs, a subset which contains C₆₀ and C₇₀, are single-shell molecules while fullerenic nanostructures can contain many shells and over 300 carbon atoms. Both fullerenes and nanostructures have an array of applications in a wide variety of fields, including medical and consumer products. Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 and were first isolated from the products of a laminar low-pressure premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flame operating at fuel-rich conditions in 1991. Flame studies indicated that fullerene yields depend on operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, and equivalence ratio. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that the soot contains nanostructures, including onions and nanotubes. Although flame conditions for forming fullerenes have been identified, the process has not been optimized and many flame environments of potential interest are unstudied. Mechanistic characteristics of fullerene formation remain poorly understood and cost estimation of large-scale production has not been performed. Accordingly, this work focused on: 1) studying fullerene formation in diffusion and premixed flames under new conditions to identify optimal parameters; 2) investigating the reaction of fullerenes with soot; 3) positively identifying C₆₀ molecules in HRTEM by tethering them to carbon black; and 4) providing a cost estimation for industrial fullerenic soot production.
(cont.) Samples of condensable material from laminar low-pressure benzene/argon/oxygen diffusion flames were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chroma- tography (HPLC) and HRTEM. The highest concentration of fullerenes in a flame was always detected just above the height where the fuel is consumed. The percentage of fullerenes in condensable material increases with decreasing pressure and the fullerene content of flames with similar cold gas velocities shows a strong dependence on length. A shorter flame, resulting from higher dilution or lower pressure, favors the formation of fullerenes rather than soot, exhibited by the lower amount of soot and precursors in such flames. This indicates a stronger correlation of fullerene consumption to soot levels than of fullerene formation to precursor concentration. The maximum flame temperature seems to be of minor importance in formation. The overall highest amount of fullerenes was found for a surprisingly high dilution of fuel with argon. The HRTEM analysis showed an increase of the curvature of the carbon layers, and hence increased fullerenic character, with increasing distance from the burner up to the point of maximum fullerene concentration, after which it decreases, consistent with the HPLC analysis. The soot shows highly ordered regions that appear to have been cells of fullerenic nanostructure formation. The samples also included fullerenic nanostructures such as tubes and spheroids including highly-ordered multilayered or onion-like structures. Studies of turbulent-like benzene/oxygen/argon diffusion flames showed that these flames produce fullerenes over a wider range of heights than laminar flames but with lower yields.
(cont.) No discernible trend could be detected in the data and the fullerene results were not easily reproducible indicating that such flames are not suitable for fullerene formation. Soot samples were also collected from a well-characterized laminar premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flat flame under new conditions and analyzed by HPLC and HRTEM. Flame studies using secondary injections of benzene or acetylene show that two-stage flames are unsuitable for fullerene production. It seems that secondary fuel has an adverse effect on the formation of fullerenes and creates conditions that are similar to the early stages of a single-stage flame prior to soot formation. This means that fuel must go through the combustion process to form fullerenes and that they cannot be formed simply by organic pyrolysis. Additionally, fullerene data collected in this study show significantly higher yields than in a previous study and the absence of a concentration drop-off. The coexistence of fullerenes and soot does not support but also does not rule out that fullerenes are consumed by soot, as was suggested by diffusion flame data. Given the discrepancy in the data, fullerene consumption was studied in experiments involving pure fullerenes being sublimated into a passing argon gas stream. This gas stream then passed through a carbon black bed. As the fullerenes passed through the bed, a certain percentage reacted with the surface of the particles and the non-reacted material was collected downstream. Experiments at different temperatures indicate that fullerenes are indeed consumed by soot particles but that the consumption is quite slow.
(cont.) The rate coefficient obtained resembles those seen for surface diffusion controlled reactions or for heterogeneous reactions. Extrapolation of the reaction coefficient to flame conditions would indicated that this type of fullerene consumption is not nearly enough to explain the consumption observed in fullerene-forming flames, meaning that fullerenes are consumed by other mechanisms. HRTEM analysis of carbon black with and without tethered fullerenes shows that fullerenes can in fact be observed in TEM micrographs. In this experiment, functionalized C₆₀ molecules were attached to the surface of carbon black particles with a chemical tether. The resulting compound was analyzed by HRTEM and compared with similar analysis of untreated carbon black. The post-treatment carbon black not only has an order of magnitude greater concentration of apparent fullerene structures but size distribution data shows a significant peak at the C₆₀ diameter for the treated sample whereas no peak is observed for the untreated sample. This indicates that the fullerenes have indeed been attached to the particle surface and that they can definitively be seen in images produced from HRTEM. Lastly, a model was built to estimate the cost of the large scale production of fullerenic soot. This model was based on current carbon black technology and takes into account operating parameters specific for fullerene production. Sensitivity analyses performed on the model indicate that soot yield and fuel price are the most important factors in determining production cost while electricity costs are minimally important.
(cont.) It was seen that operating pressure and equipment lifetime are negligible in the final cost. Overall, combustion holds immense promise to be a much cheaper and more efficient alternative to the current method of commercial fullerene production.
by Anish Goel.
Ph.D.

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Dybek, Aneta. "Production and Characterisation of Fullerenes, Fullerene Derivatives and Fullerene-Based Electronic Devices." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522327.

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Samoylova, Nataliya. "Cluster-based redox activity in Endohedral Metallofullerenes:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230132.

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Endohedral fullerenes are closed carbon shells encapsulating molecular or ionic species in their inner space. Obtained for the first time in 1985, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) remain in focus of research for many years with a broad variety of metal atoms, endohedral cluster and cage sizes being reported. Electrochemical studies of endohedral metallofullerenes are of particular interest because of the more complex redox behavior in comparison to empty fullerenes. The EMF molecules can be considered as a combinations of positively charged cluster and negatively charged carbon shell “ligand”, and both constituents can be redox active. A cage-based electrochemical activity is more common, in particular, the most abundant nitride clusterfullerenes generally have redox-active cages. Cluster-based electrochemical activity is less common and can be revealed via unexpected redox behavior (e.g., shifted potential when compared to analogous molecules, potential metal dependence) and with the use of spectroscopic methods. Here we report electrochemical and EPR studies of three EMF families: (i) M2@C82-C3v and M2@C82-Cs dimetallofullerenes with a covalent bonding between two metal atoms, (ii) M2@C80(CH2Ph) dimetallofullerene derivatives with single-occupied metal-bonding orbital, and (iii) M2TiC@C80 EMFs with endohedral Ti(IV) (M is either Sc or Y or a lanthanide). For the first two families, the metal-metal bonding orbital has been found to be redox active: in M2@C82, the double-occupied M-M bonding orbital is involved in the first oxidation process, while in M2@C80(CH2Ph) the unoccupied component of single-occupied metal-bonding orbital acts as the LUMO, accepting one electron during the first reduction step. Thus, single electron transfer reactions in both cases lead to the changes in the magnetic properties of EMFs, which is especially well revealed by EPR spectroscopy. For the series of M2TiC@C80 EMFs, the first reduction predominantly occurs on internal Ti atom and can be described as TiIV/TiIII redox process. Due to the variation of the size of the Ti ion in different oxidation states, reduction changes the inner strain of the cluster, leading to a large variability of the TiIV/TiIII reduction potential in dependence on the size of the formally inert lanthanide metal in M2TiC@C80.

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Gritsina, V. O., Наталія Ігорівна Муліна, Наталия Игоревна Мулина, and Nataliia Ihorivna Mulina. "Fullerenes." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31130.

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A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs. Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31130

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Peel, Jason Alexander. "The synthesis and characterisation of some new organometallic derivatives of [60]fullerene." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389639.

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Terrones-Maldonado, Mauricio. "Production and characterisation of novel fullerene-related materials : nanotubes, nanofibres and giant fullerenes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361404.

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Coheur, Pierre-François. "Spectroscopie électronique de fullerenes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211941.

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Books on the topic "Fullerenes"

Andreas, Hirsch. The chemistry of the fullerenes. Stuttgart: G. Thieme Verlag, 1994.

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Langa De La Puente, Fernando, and Jean-Francois Nierengarten, eds. Fullerenes. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847557711.

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Hammond, George S., and Valerie J. Kuck, eds. Fullerenes. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0481.

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Langa De La Puente, Fernando, and Jean-Francois Nierengarten, eds. Fullerenes. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849732956.

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W, Kroto H., Fischer John E, and Cox David 1934-, eds. The Fullerenes. Oxford: Pergamon, 1993.

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C, Eklund P., and Rao Apparao M. 1961-, eds. Fullerene polymers and fullerene polymer composites. Berlin: Springer, 2000.

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Kuzmany, Hans, Jörg Fink, Michael Mehring, and Siegmar Roth, eds. Electronic Properties of Fullerenes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85049-3.

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Hirsch, Andreas, ed. Fullerenes and Related Structures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68117-5.

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Matsuo, Yutaka, Hiroshi Okada, and Hiroshi Ueno. Endohedral Lithium-containing Fullerenes. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5004-6.

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Fernando, Langa, Nierengarten Jean-Francois, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Fullerenes: Principles and applications. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fullerenes"

Dorn, Harry C., and James C. Duchamp. "Fullerenes." In Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology, 119–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7757-2_6.

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Heine, Thomas. "Fullerenes." In Calculation of NMR and EPR Parameters, 409–20. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601678.ch25.

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Cataldo, Franco, and Susana Iglesias-Groth. "Fullerenes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 614–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_604.

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Cataldo, Franco. "Fullerenes." In New Frontiers in Nanochemistry, 219–25. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. | Contents: Volume 1. Structural nanochemistry – Volume 2. Topological nanochemistry – Volume 3. Sustainable nanochemistry.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429022944-18.

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Prassides, Kosmas. "Fullerenes." In Die Kunst of Phonons, 333–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2455-7_29.

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Kitagawa, Toshikazu, Yasujiro Murata, and Koichi Komatsu. "Fullerene Reactivity - Fullerene Cations and Open-Cage Fullerenes." In Carbon-Rich Compounds, 383–420. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607994.ch9.

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Aich, Nirupam, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle, and Navid B. Saleh. "Fullerenes, Higher Fullerenes, and their Hybrids." In Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Systems, 1–45. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118980989.ch1.

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Rowlands, C. C., and R. D. Farley. "15.7.3 Fullerenes." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals, 455–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45824-1_57.

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Filippone, Salvatore, and Nazario Martín. "Exohedral Fullerenes." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_332-1.

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Fleming, R. M., B. Hessen, T. Siegrist, A. R. Kortan, P. Marsh, R. Tycko, G. Dabbagh, and R. C. Haddon. "Crystalline Fullerenes." In ACS Symposium Series, 25–39. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0481.ch002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fullerenes"

Kuzmany, H., J. Fink, M. Mehring, and S. Roth. "FULLERENES AND FULLERENE NANOSTRUCTURES." In International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814530552.

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Marciu, D., C. Figura, S. Wang, J. R. Heflin, P. Burbank, S. Stevenson, and H. C. Dorn. "Enhanced Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing in an Endohedral Metallofullerene Through Metal-to-Cage Charge-Transfer." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.15.

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Since the initial discovery and development of a technique for macroscopic preparation of the archetypal and most abundant fullerene C60, a wealth of fullerene-based structures have been produced including higher fullerenes, charge-transfer complexes, fullerene derivatives, superconducting exohedral-doped fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. One of the most intriguing fullerene classes is the endohedral fullerene in which the spheroidal molecular structure is employed to encapsulate a small number of atoms (one to four) internal to the cage.1,2 Until recently, the difficult separation process of endohedral fullerenes had limited their availability to submilligram levels. Consequently, initial studies of these materials had primarily been restricted to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and linear spectroscopy. EPR measurements demonstrated that, for the case of La@C82, the La atom transfers three electrons to the fullerene cage and resides in the +3 oxidation state.2 Metal-to-cage charge transfer appears to be a common feature of transition metal-containing endohedral metallofullerenes. Meanwhile, nonlinear optical studies of empty-cage C60 and C70 have shown that these materials possess both large third order susceptibilities χ(3)(−ω4;ω1,ω2,ω3)3 (~10-11 esu) and strong optical limiting behavior.4,5 We report here the first nonlinear optical measurements of an endohedral metallofullerene and find a dramatic enhancement in the third order nonlinear optical response. Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) experiments on solutions of the endohedral metallofullerene Er2@C82 show that the metal-to-cage charge transfer provides a mechanism for increasing χ(3)(−ω4;ω1,ω2,ω3) by orders of magnitude relative to empty-cage fullerenes.

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Shibahara, Masahiko, Tsubasa Shimizu, Nilson Kunioshi, and Hiroshi Takada. "Experimental Study on Fullerene Formation Process in Toluene Flame at Low Pressure Condition." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21122.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons generated in the combustion processes of fuel rich hydrocarbon flames are considered to be important precursors of soot that causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, in a combustion process under low pressure conditions, the generation of fullerenes which are one of large cage-shaped carbon clusters was reported. Combustion synthesis of fullerenes is expected to be one of the mass production methods of fullerenes and a premixed flame of toluene and oxygen is utilized in real mass production process of fullerenes. However, the fullerene formation mechanism from PAH in toluene and oxygen premixed flames has not been clarified yet. Therefore, in the present study, contents of PAH and fullerene in the total soot obtained from premixed flames of toluene and oxygen surrounded with premixed flame of methane and oxygen under various physical conditions were analyzed through gas and liquid chromatography. In the present study over 5 weight percent PAHs were found in the collected soot samples and 22 kinds of substances in PAHs can be specified by using the standard sample and 10 isometric structures of PAHs can be specified by using a gas chromatograph system. When the flame fluctuation was small because of low flow rate of the center and outer flames, the fullerene content in the soot sample increased and the PAH contents of lower molecular weight increased with the increase of the pressure in the chamber. When the flame fluctuation was relatively large because of high flow rate of the center and outer flames, the fullerene content in the soot sample had the maximum peak and the PAH contents of lower molecular weight were dramatically changed from those in the case with small flame fluctuation. Contents of C60 in the total fullerenes increased and those of C70 decreased with the increase of the pressure in the chamber.

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Saika, Tatsuya, Youhei Sakita, and Masahiko Shibahara. "The Effect of the Residence Time in the High Temperature Field on the Fullerene and PAH Formation Mechanism." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44543.

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Fullerenes were generated and observed in the combustion processes of hydrocarbon fuel under reduced pressure conditions however the fullerene formation mechanism from PAHs in fuel rich hydrocarbon flames under reduced pressure conditions has not been clarified yet. In the present study, the effects of the residence time in the high temperature reaction field were investigated experimentally and the effects of the residence time on the contents of fullerenes and PAHs were discussed. The experimental results showed that the contents of fullerenes as well as PAHs in the total soot collected from the flue gas decreased with the increase of the residence time in the range from 800 to 1500 degree Celsius. On the other hand, the contents of fullerenes in the total soot decreased with the increase of the residence time over 1500 degree Celsius because the total PAHs contents in the flue gas increased under the present experimental conditions. It is essential for the fullerene generation to realize the optimal residence time from 800 to 1500 degree Celsius as well as that over 1500 degree Celsius with an appropriate PAH partial pressure in the combustion process.

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Nicodemos, Diego S., Sulamita Klein, and Luerbio Faria. "Frustração de Arestas em (3, 6)-Fullerenes." In I Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2016.9765.

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Grafos (3, 6)-fullerenes são grafos planares, 3-conexos, cúbicos cujas faces têm tamanho 3 ou 6. Determinar o menor número de arestas a serem deletadas de um grafo de modo a obter um subgrafo gerador bipartido é conhecido na literatura [Doslic and Vukicevic 2007] como o Problema de Frustração de Arestas. Neste trabalho, abordamos o Problemas da Frustração de Arestas em grafos (3, 6)- fullerenes. Mostramos que todo grafo (3, 6)-fullerene com n vértices torna-se bipartido após a retirada de no máximo q4 3n arestas.

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Marcy, H. O., M. J. Rosker, Tallis Y. Chang, J. Khoury, K. Hansen, and R. L. Whetten. "Near-Resonance, Time-Resolved Degenerate Four Wave Mixing Studies for Thin Films of C60 and C70 Fullerenes Using Femtosecond Optical Pulses." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.ma6.

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The availability of gram-scale quantities of fullerenes allows for the study the of the physical properties of these unique molecules. The large number of highly polarizable electrons associated with fullerene molecules make them potentially attractive as nonlinear optical materials. Structural studies indicate that fullerenes are bound together in the solid state by relatively weak van der Waals forces. An enhancement of the nonlinear optical response for excitation near the band edge, similar to that observed for semiconductor clusters in passive glass matrices, may occur due to the relative isolation of the individual fullerene molecules. Recent reports1–3 indicate that C60 has a relatively large third-order nonlinear optical response at wavelengths far from the band edge -- on the order of that observed for many highly conjugated organic polymers.

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Ji, W., S. H. Tang, G. Q. Xu, H. S. O. Chan, S. C. Ng, and W. W. Ng. "Nonlinear Optical Response of Fullerene-doped Polymethyl Methacrylate Films." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.18.

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Recently fullerenes (a mixture of C60 and C70) have received considerable attention because these molecules possess strong nonlinear-optical behaviour. Both optical limiting response [1] and photorefractive properties [2] of C60-doped polymers have been observed. In this article, we report the observation of a large third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility in fullerene-doped polymer thin films with nanosecond laser pulses and discuss the mechanism responsible for the observed nonlinear susceptibility.

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Prasad, Paras N., G. L. Huang, Maciek E. Orczyk, Jacek Swiatkiewicz, Jaroslaw W. Zieba, M. Berrada, and Seizo Miyata. "Optically induced nonlinearities in fullerenes and fullerene-doped polymeric composites." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.196124.

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Soldatov, A., P. Nagel, V. Pasler, S. Lebedkin, C. Meingast, G. Roth, and B. Sundqvist. "Polymeric fullerenes: from." In ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NOVEL MATERIALS--SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES. ASCE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59770.

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Slanina, Zdeněk, Xiang Zhao, Filip Uhlı́k, and Eiji Ōsawa. "Non-IPR fullerenes:." In ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NOVEL MATERIALS--SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES. ASCE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59851.

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Reports on the topic "Fullerenes"

Wang, J., F. Chen, X. Lu, and R. Loutfy. Analysis of Hydrogen Storage in Fullerenes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770442.

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Numan, Muhammad, Saad Ihsan Butt, and Andrea Semaničová-Feňovčiková. Super d‑ntimagic Labelling of Toroidal Fullerenes. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.09.04.

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Diener, M. D., J. M. Alford, and S. Mirzadeh. Production of Endohedral Fullerenes by Ion Implantation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940291.

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Manaa, M. R. Predicting Real Optimized Materials: Novel Nitrogen-Containing Fullerenes and Nanotubes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007317.

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Lee, H. W. H., and R. N. Shelton. Investigation of fullerenes for high speed low latency, photonic switching. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/572758.

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Santoyo, C., M. R. Ceron, and M. M. Biener. Integration of Fullerenes as Electron-Acceptors in 3D Graphene Networks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1567989.

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Author, Not Given. Preparation of monolithic porous carbon materials using controlled functionalization of fullerenes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129817.

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Gruen, D. M., S. Liu, A. R. Krauss, J. Luo, and X. Pan. Fullerenes as precursors for diamond film growth without hydrogen or oxygen additions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10111257.

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Becker, L., J. L. Bada, R. E. Winans, J. E. Hunt, T. E. Bunch, and B. M. French. The discovery of fullerenes in the 1.85 billion-year-old Sudbury meteorite crater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/191550.

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Hamza, A. V., and M. Balooch. Growth of silicon carbide on silicon via reaction of sublimed fullerenes and silicon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/231594.

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