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Schulz, Anne, Amelie Eder, Victor Tiberius, Samantha Casas Solorio, Manuela Fabro, and Nataliia Brehmer. "The Digitalization of Motion Picture Production and Its Value Chain Implications." Journalism and Media 2, no. 3 (July 9, 2021): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2030024.
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Technological change and development have been ongoing in the motion picture industry since its beginnings some 125 years ago. What further advancements of digitalization can be expected over the next decade and what are its implications for the industry’s value chain? To answer this question, we conducted an international two-stage Delphi study. The results suggested a more frequent use of smartphones as cameras, the emergence of full digital film sets and digital star avatars, as well as advancements in VR-based and interactive movies. The findings imply challenges for traditional players in the motion picture value chain. Production technology becomes both simpler and more complex, leading to the threat of new entrants.
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Sparks, Glenn G., John Sherry, and Graig Lubsen. "The Appeal of Media Violence in a Full‐length Motion Picture: An Experimental Investigation." Communication Reports 18, no. 1-2 (April 2005): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08934210500084198.
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Zalewski, Jarosław. "Analysis of an accelerating model of motor vehicle with the uncontrolled steering wheel." Journal of Konbin 53, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3243.
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In this paper a continuation of the previous research has been presented. A simulation of a vehicles acceleration in various road conditions but without a drivers control has been taken into account. The main aim of this paper was to answer the question whether the random road conditions could affect the vehicle while accelerating while a driver cannot control the direction of its motion. The three various maximum amplitudes of the irregularities for both the dry and the icy road surface were used. Almost different road profiles were also adopted for the analyzed maneuver, which defines a specific coefficient. Apart from no control of the vehicle the initial speed was set to 5 km/h and after 1 s the vehicle started to accelerate. The time of reaching the full throttle (100%) was only 0.25 s which provided a rapid acceleration. The simulation time was 10 s.
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Lu, Tiger, Hanno Rein, Daniel Tamayo, Sam Hadden, Rosemary Mardling, Sarah C. Millholland, and Gregory Laughlin. "Self-consistent Spin, Tidal, and Dynamical Equations of Motion in the REBOUNDx Framework." Astrophysical Journal 948, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc06d.
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Abstract We introduce self-consistent spin, tidal, and dynamical equations of motion into REBOUNDx, a library of additional effects for the popular N-body integrator REBOUND. The equations of motion used are derived from the constant time lag approximation to the equilibrium tide model of tidal friction. These effects will allow the study of a variety of systems of which the full dynamical picture cannot be encapsulated by point particle dynamics. We provide several test cases and benchmark the code’s performance against analytic predictions. The open-source code is available in the most recent release of REBOUNDx.
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Glisic, Miodrag, Vladan Stevanovic, Aleksandar Jevtic, Uros Jovicevic, and Ivan Jankovic. "Isolated lesser tuberosity fracture of the humerus - a rare injury that requires surgical treatment." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp210728032g.
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Introduction. An isolated fracture of the small tuberosity is a very rare injury that can often be overlooked. This injury is significant due to the function of the subscapularis muscle, which loses its attachment by separating the small tuberosity. Case report. A 45-year-old former athlete suffered a left shoulder injury while falling downhill. Although the clinical picture was not convincing, a CT scan showed a fracture. Open repositioning and osteosynthesis were performed. After rehabilitation, the patient regained full active range of motion in the shoulder joint three months after the operation. The aim of this paper is to present the mechanism of injury, the clinical picture, the necessary diagnostics, and the technique of surgical treatment. The results of other authors whose series are also very small were analyzed. Conclusion. The conclusion of this paper is that such an injury requires surgical treatment to preserve a good range of motion in the shoulder joint.
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Al Mousawi, Aqeel Al Mousawi. "Employing (Artificial Intelligence) Techniques in the Aesthetic Construction of Cinematic Tricks in the Cinematic Film." Journal Port Science Research 7, issue (May 29, 2024): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36371/port.2024.special.8.
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Cinema is a unique art based on innovation and scientific inventions in addition to the talent and genius of directors, and directors such as Edison, the inventor of the motion picture, the Le Maire brothers, the pioneers of the cinema projector, the Frenchman of genius imagination and visual creativity, Georges Mila and Gervath, the creator of magazines. Editing, photography, directing and innovations such as motion pictures, sound entry to the cinema, color film tape, wide lenses, 3D imaging, films that used scientific techniques, such as the Star Wars series of director Lucas, the Jurassic Park series of Spielberg films, and computer technologies developed by James Cameron are all They are considered as basic pillars of a world full of excitement and suspense called cinema, and cinema is still to this day making rapid and interesting transitions in the world of entertainment because it attracts the latest scientific innovations in the field of motion picture, and among the modern and important innovations, the use of artificial intelligence techniques in the manufacture of cinematic trick scenes Whether by making movie scenes backgrounds, digital characters, or controlling lighting and a camera, to be either a must Let's talk about movie workers or a key element to help movie workers.
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Yin, Yanan, and Tingting Gou. "Motion Picture Analysis: A Mechanical Study of Tennis Players during Forehand and Backhand Strokes." HighTech and Innovation Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-2024-05-01-07.
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Objectives: The purpose of this article is to utilize video images for the examination of lower limb biomechanics in tennis players while executing forehand and backhand strokes, providing a reference for training. Methods: This article provides a brief introduction to forehand and backhand strokes in the sport of tennis. Subsequently, a biomechanical analysis of the lower limbs during forehand and backhand strokes was conducted on ten level 2 tennis players and ten specialized tennis students at XX Sports University. Findings: Level 2 athletes who have undergone a long training exhibited higher linear velocity and joint torque in the lower-limb joints during the preparatory and striking phases of forehand and backhand strokes. Additionally, they exhibited more pronounced surface electromyographic signals in the rectus femoris muscle of the lower limbs. Novelty:The novelty of this article lies in the use of video imagery, a non-contact and non-intrusive method that does not affect the athletes' movements, to study the biomechanics of their lower limbs. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-07 Full Text: PDF
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Robert, R., and C. Rosier. "Long range predictability of atmospheric flows." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 8, no. 1/2 (April 30, 2001): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-8-55-2001.
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Abstract. In the light of recent advances in 2D turbulence, we investigate the long range predictability problem of atmospheric flows. Using 2D Euler equations, we show that the full nonlinearity acting on a large number of degrees of freedom can, paradoxically, improve the predictability of the large scale motion, giving a picture opposite to the one largely popularized by Lorenz: a small local perturbation of the atmosphere will progressively gain larger and larger scales by nonlinear interaction and will finally cause large scale change in the atmospheric flow.
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Mohammed, Salah E., M. B. Baharom, A. Rashid A. Aziz, and Ezrann Z. Zainal A. "Modelling of Combustion Characteristics of a Single Curved-Cylinder Spark-Ignition Crank-Rocker Engine." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173313.
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A crank-rocker engine is a new invention used to convert oscillating motion from the curve-piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft. The configuration of this new engine is different from the normal slider-crank engine, so the existing model used to calculate the combustion characteristic is not appropriate for this new engine. A fundamental thermodynamic model of a single curved-cylinder spark-ignition crank-rocker engine is presented. The model was simulated in MATLAB to predict the combustion characteristics at different operating conditions. The friction losses, residual gas fraction and combustion efficiency were introduced into the combustion model to improve the overall accuracy of the model. The developed model was used to analyze and evaluate the in-cylinder pressure, fuel burn rate, and heat release under various crank angle positions. To validate the predictions of the model, experimental tests were conducted on a single-cylinder crank-rocker engine at an engine speed of 2000 rpm, spark timing of 8.60 CA BTDC, full load and wide-open throttle (WOT) condition. Finally, the results were plotted and compared with the simulation results. The findings obtained from the current study have shown the ability of the simulation model to predict the combustion characteristics under different operating conditions. The agreement between the results of the present model and experimental data was reasonably good. This research work proposes a new model which can predict the behavior of the crank-rocker engine. The information gained from this study will aid in the tuning process and future development of this engine.
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Gao, Jiaxin, Yuelu Chen, Baolong Cao, Yiming Chen, and Chuanqi Li. "Training Scene Construction and Motion Realization of Unmanned Craft based on Unreal Engine." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 4, no. 3 (July 20, 2023): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v4i3.11134.
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Aiming at the problems of the traditional training system, such as the unrealistic simulation of 3D animation effects and the inability to meet the demand of real-time manipulation response of simulation training based on the original mechanical calculation, this paper puts forward a method of unmanned craft training scene construction and motion realization based on Unreal Engine. The method makes full use of Unreal Engine's powerful graphic rendering ability and physics engine function, and combines 3D MAX to realize the rapid construction of unmanned craft training scene, environment simulation, and unmanned craft motion simulation and control. The developed unmanned craft training software has the characteristics of smooth and clear picture, realistic and delicate scene, strong training immersion, and real manipulation experience, which can effectively improve the training efficiency and training safety, reduce the training cost, and have significant economic benefits.
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Troch, Chris, Luther Terblanche, and Marius Rossouw. "MOORED SHIP MOTION FORECAST TOOL FOR THE PORT OF NGQURA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.67.
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Significant future growth is planned for the Port of Ngqura, but the Port does, however, suffer problems with moored container vessels. Under certain environmental conditions, these moored vessels experienced large motions, which lead to reduced operability or downtime and sometimes mooring line failures. One of the main contributing factors to the mooring problems is infra-gravity or long-waves (i.e. wave periods between approximately 25 s and 300 s), which induce basin and moored vessel resonance. A long-wave forecast system has been developed to assist the Port. Although this forecast system is accurate in predicting long-wave heights inside the Port, it does not give the port operators a full picture of the effects on moored vessels due to the complex nature of the interaction between these waves and the moored vessels. The long-wave forecasts alone are therefore difficult to interpret if the port operators do not have a background in vessel dynamics. A new tool, in the form of a moored vessel motion prediction system, was therefore developed.
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Shlomai, Hadar, David S. Kammer, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, and Jay Fineberg. "The onset of the frictional motion of dissimilar materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 24 (June 1, 2020): 13379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916869117.
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Frictional motion between contacting bodies is governed by propagating rupture fronts that are essentially earthquakes. These fronts break the contacts composing the interface separating the bodies to enable their relative motion. The most general type of frictional motion takes place when the two bodies are not identical. Within these so-called bimaterial interfaces, the onset of frictional motion is often mediated by highly localized rupture fronts, called slip pulses. Here, we show how this unique rupture mode develops, evolves, and changes the character of the interface’s behavior. Bimaterial slip pulses initiate as “subshear” cracks (slower than shear waves) that transition to developed slip pulses where normal stresses almost vanish at their leading edge. The observed slip pulses propagate solely within a narrow range of “transonic” velocities, bounded between the shear wave velocity of the softer material and a limiting velocity. We derive analytic solutions for both subshear cracks and the leading edge of slip pulses. These solutions both provide an excellent description of our experimental measurements and quantitatively explain slip pulses’ limiting velocities. We furthermore find that frictional coupling between local normal stress variations and frictional resistance actually promotes the interface separation that is critical for slip-pulse localization. These results provide a full picture of slip-pulse formation and structure that is important for our fundamental understanding of both earthquake motion and the most general types of frictional processes.
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Dawadi, T. P., N. Subedi, D. Poudel, Y. Bista, and P. Panthi. "Tubercular Tenosynovitis of Extensor Tendons of Wrist: An Unusual Presentation." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v7i1.43153.
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Background: Tubercular Tenosynovitis is a very rare disease and even rare to involve extensor tendons. The clinical picture is typical and confirmation is done by histopathology.
Case Presentation: We present a rare case of soft tissue swelling at dorsum of wrist and distal forearm since six months. On Ultrasonogram, there were multiloculated cystic collections surrounding the extensor tendons. Lab parameters showed increased ESR and Mantoux test was positive. With the provisional diagnosis of Tenosynovitis, debulking tenosynovectomy was done where melon seed bodies were seen. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous lesions with caseous necrosis and Acid Fast Bacilli stain was also positive for the biopsy tissue. He responded to our anti-tubercular drugs with full range of motion after two months of surgery and no recurrence of swelling at four year follow up.
Conclusion: Typical clinical picture, intra operative findings of melon seed bodies and rice bodies and histopathological confirmation of granulomatous lesions with caseous necrosis are pathognomonic of Tubercular Tenosynovitis. Complete debulking and antitubercular drugs cure the disease and prevents recurrence.
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Wei, Guangze. "Definition and the state-of-art applications of quantum state." Theoretical and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (November 17, 2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/10/20230308.
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Quantum mechanics is an important part of modern physics. It is a subject which aims at studying the motion law of microscopic particles. This represents the entry of human physics into the world of the micro. It also marks a fundamentally correct and revolutionary understanding of particle motion at the microscopic level. The study of quantum states is the definition of quantum systems. Quantum states and further processing are important blocks of quantum mechanics. This paper will focus on the definition of different quantum states and the application of quantum state operation will be introduced. To evaluate the application of quantum states from the advantages and limitations in order to achieve a comprehensive and objective display of the full picture of quantum states. This paper describes the specific classification of pure state and mixed state of quantum states, and explains their application and frontier applications as well as their current limitations and shortcomings from the perspective of different quantum states. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of applications for quantum techniques.
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Buzgalin, Alexandr, and Andrey Kolganov. "«Das Kapital» of Karl Marx and the Contemporary System of the Capitalist Production Relations: the Experience of the Rising from the Abstract to the Concrete." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2016, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201621.
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The researches of the contemporary capitalism have ran forward substantially in compare to the theoretical picture have drawn by Karl Marx in «Das Kapital» and show us the deep changes in the categories of the capitalism, which studied by Marx. But in these researches were not attempted to reproduce in full measure the method of «Das Kapital» — it was not shown the dialectical motion of the categories on the path of rising from the abstract to the concrete. In this paper we are trying to give the first sketch of the implementation of this method to the categories of the contemporary capitalism. We guess that just this dimension, starting from the study of the modification of the most abstract, simplest categories of capitalism, give us the possibility to understand in the full extent the modification of the more complex, more concrete categories of capitalist system of the production relations. Thus, we trying to show how the changes in the nature of commodity, of market, of money lead to the changes in the nature of the basic capitalist relation and in the more concrete forms of the existence of capital.
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Huang, Qian, and Feng Xu. "Fast Text Processing for Interlaced Sports or News Videos." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.652.
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Interlaced scanning has been widely used as a trade-off solution between picture quality and transmission bandwidth since the invention of television. During the past decades, various interlaced-to-progressive conversion algorithms have been proposed to improve subjective quality or coding efficiency. However, almost all the researchers concentrate on general cases, without making full use of specific application scenarios. Based on extensive investigations, eliminating visual artifacts in areas of subtitles and station captions for interlaced sports and news videos is still an unsolved problem, which will be addressed in this paper. Firstly, motion estimation is performed between field pictures. Secondly, text edge detection is proposed for sports and news videos. Finally, different processing strategies are applied to text regions and non-text regions. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate much better text content than existing algorithms. In addition, it is quite stable for non-text parts.
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Aziz al-Quraishi, Zuhair Abbas, and Shaker Nima Harz Alaak. "The role of television in activating the behavior of recreational tourists in the city of Baghdad." Iraqi Administrative Sciences Journal 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 246–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33013/iqasj.v1n1y2017.pp246-284.
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TV is considered the strongest media in comparison with other means, therefore, its effects were and are still the strongest in human and his social, economic, purchasing and tourist behaviors. Studies emphasized the importance of TV and its distinct from other traditional media, in that it can mix between the picture, voice and motion in a more perfected way through color, shape and motion as well as it made the audience watch what is going on in the world directly. It also employed the rest of traditional communication means for its interest, in that it became a new means for information, recreation and education, it was able to effectively impress the audience because it reaches millions of audiences at the same moment. Thus, it represents the greatest revolution in the field of human communication, The tourist's behavior represents a study on the individuals' choices, their purchasing and using goods and services to satisfy their needs and desires. Hence, the employees of the tourist activity should have a full understanding of all facts and internal and external factors affecting the tourist's behavior which is influenced by a big collection of factors, including psychological, social, personal factors which should be taken into consideration when trying to motivate or push consumers or tourists to buy .
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Sevener, Nathan. "A case study in building HVAC systems noise control for the air-conditioning retrofit of a historic theatre." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-801.
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The art deco Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois, is one of only 5 remaining 'Egyptian' theatres in the United States. This 1400-seat theatre opened in 1929 with a program that was part motion picture house and part vaudeville theatre. In the present day, the theatre is owned and operated by a non-profit organization and hosts a full schedule of community events, national touring acts, and films. Until the recent renovation and installation of air-conditioning, these events were halted during the hot summer months. The constraints imposed by the existing constructions complicated the heating ventilation and air-conditioning system design and presented challenges for the acoustical analysis. This paper describes the noise mitigation that was designed into the theatre's new heating ventilation and air-conditioning system. It presents the challenges of retrofitting the historic building and the noise control analysis that was performed. It concludes with a presentation of the noise levels that were achieved.
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Stetsiuk, Oleh. "Issues concerning mechanism of injury in collisions with pedestrians side of a moving vehicle (tangential collision)." Forensic-medical examination, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2016.13.
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This article highlights some issues regarding the mechanism of injuries in a collision with a pedestrian side of the moving vehicle. It is shown that the mechanism of injuries and movement of the body in different phases of the accident, the collision of the pedestrian with the lateral surface of the car first of all affect vehicle speed, depending on which motion vectors participants of the event may vary depending on their weight. In determining the mechanism of injuries, forensic expert should know sectional morphological picture of the various types of automobile injuries and pursue their differentiation. Also, the full use of the additional (laboratory) study of clothing and footwear and analyze the criminal proceedings (examination of the body was discovered, a review of the vehicle, and the results autotechnical trasological examinations). In this case, a forensic expert should not give priority to macro or microscopic research methods, they must be skillfully and efficiently combine before making a final decision.
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Viswanathan, Akshara, Else Starkenburg, Helmer H. Koppelman, Amina Helmi, Eduardo Balbinot, and Anna F. Esselink. "Hidden deep in the halo: selection of a reduced proper motion halo catalogue and mining retrograde streams in the velocity space." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 521, no. 2 (March 10, 2023): 2087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad380.
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ABSTRACT The Milky Way halo is one of the few galactic haloes that provides a unique insight into galaxy formation by resolved stellar populations. Here, we present a catalogue of ∼47 million halo stars selected independent of parallax and line-of-sight velocities, using a combination of Gaia DR3 proper motion and photometry by means of their reduced proper motion. We select high tangential velocity (halo) main sequence stars and fit distances to them using their simple colour-absolute-magnitude relation. This sample reaches out to ∼21 kpc with a median distance of 6.6 kpc thereby probing much further out than would be possible using reliable Gaia parallaxes. The typical uncertainty in their distances is $0.57_{-0.26}^{+0.56}$ kpc. Using the colour range 0.45 < (G0 − GRP, 0) < 0.715, where the main sequence is narrower, gives an even better accuracy down to $0.39_{-0.12}^{+0.18}$ kpc in distance. The median velocity uncertainty for stars within this colour range is 15.5 km s−1. The distribution of these sources in the sky, together with their tangential component velocities, are very well-suited to study retrograde substructures. We explore the selection of two complex retrograde streams: GD-1 and Jhelum. For these streams, we resolve the gaps, wiggles and density breaks reported in the literature more clearly. We also illustrate the effect of the kinematic selection bias towards high proper motion stars and incompleteness at larger distances due to Gaia’s scanning law. These examples showcase how the full RPM catalogue made available here can help us paint a more detailed picture of the build-up of the Milky Way halo.
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Musser, Charles. "The Hidden and the Unspeakable: On Theatrical Culture, Oscar Wilde and Ernst Lubitsch‘s Lady Windermeres Fan." Film Studies 4, no. 1 (2004): 12–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.4.2.
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The cinema is as much a theatrical form of entertainment as performance on the stage, a fact that is crucial to a full appreciation of Ernst Lubitsch‘s Lady Windermere‘s Fan (Warner Brothers, 1925). Particularly in the cinemas silent era (1895-1925), when motion picture exhibition relied on numerous performance elements, theatrical performance and film exhibition interpenetrated. This underscores a basic conundrum: cinema has been integral to, and an extension of, theatrical culture, even though it has also been something quite different - a new art form. Indeed, the unity of stage and screen was so well established that critics, theorists, historians and artists expended large amounts of intellectual energy distinguishing the two forms while paying little attention to what they held in common. One fundamental feature of theatrical practice that carried over into many areas of filmmaking was adaptation. For Lubitsch, adaptation was a central fact of his artistic practice. This article looks at the history of adaptations of Lady Windermere‘s Fan on stage and screen making reference to textual comparisons, public reception, painting, symbolism and queer readings.
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Land, Martin. "An Evolving Spacetime Metric Induced by a ‘Static’ Source." Symmetry 15, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15071381.
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In a series of recent papers we developed a formulation of general relativity in which spacetime and the dynamics of matter evolve with a Poincaré invariant parameter τ. In this paper, we apply the formalism to derive the metric induced by a ‘static’ event evolving uniformly along its t-axis at the spatial origin x=0. The metric is shown to vary with t and τ, as well as spatial distance r, taking its maximum value for a test particle at the retarded time τ=t−r/c. In the resulting picture, an event localized in space and time produces a metric field similarly localized, where both evolve in τ. We first derive this metric as a solution to the wave equation in linearized field theory, and discuss its limitations by studying the geodesic motion it produces for an evolving event. By then examining this solution in the 4+1 formalism, which poses an initial value problem for the metric under τ-evolution, we clarify these limitations and indicate how they may be overcome in a solution to the full nonlinear field equations.
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Yeh, Wei Ming. "The Study of New Trend for DSC Scene Effects Technology." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 1284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.1284.
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Since early 2007, many ambitious DSC manufactures in Japan have paid special attention for built in digital effects, in order to create better quality of picture, such as: Face Detection, Smile Shutter Mode, Full frame CCD, Anti Shake system, Live View, CMOS sensor..., which were highly appreciated by many photo fans around the world, and created hot-selling record on favorite model. In fact, these fancy “Digital Technologies” could be standardized in selected new cameras right now. In late 2009, new artificial intelligence image chips such as: back-illuminated CMOS image sensor, 30x Optical Zoom (or more), Full HD Video, Sweep Panorama, Interchangeable Unit Camera System,Super High Speed ISO, Super Steady, Motion Remover.., have been promoted in new generation of camera. It could change not only the performance of new camera (DSC/DC) but to challenge the current DV market seriously, and may inspire new record-high selling again. In our experiment, we collect more than 300 cases from the telephone survey during Sep, 2010 and Dec, 2010. Total of 220 cases comply with the conditions. To probe mainly into the relationship between new generation DC Confidence level and 3 potential customers: Amateur Photographer (AP), Senior Photographer (SP), and college student (CS). That is the reason what we are probe into this highly competitively market with brilliant creative design, and hope to offer an objective suggestion for both industry and education administers.
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Багринцев, В. В., В. В. Макарова, and Ю. П. Потехин. "Investigation of the influence of the dimensionality of the mathematical model of the ship's motion the result of predicting its controllability." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 1(51) (March 5, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.51.1.022.
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В работе рассматривается влияние размерности математической модели движения судна на параметры движения, характеризующие его управляемость, к которым относятся курсовой угол, угловая скорость рыскания, продольное и боковое смещение. Указанное влияние определяется путем имитационного моделирования движения судна посредством математической модели плоского движения в плоскости невозмущенной поверхности воды, модели бокового и пространственного движения. Тестовым маневром является полная циркуляция судна на тихой воде и волнении различной балльности. В качестве опорного результата принимается картина движения, доставляемая пространственной моделью, как наиболее отвечающая условиям реального плавания. В результате тестирования 6 судов различных классов установлено, что соотношение между результатами прогнозирования поворотливости посредством моделей различной размерности существенно зависит от гидродинамических характеристик объекта исследования. The paper considers the influence of the dimension of the mathematical model of the ship's motion on the motion parameters characterizing its controllability, which include the heading angle, angular yaw rate, longitudinal and lateral displacement. This influence is determined by simulating the movement of the vessel using a mathematical model of plane movement in the plane of the undisturbed water surface, a model of lateral and spatial movement. The test maneuver this is the full circulation of the vessel in smooth water and on the varying conditions wave. The picture of movement, delivered by the spatial model, is taken as a reference result, as the most measure up for the conditions of real swimming. As a result of testing 6 vessels of various classes, it was found that the relationship between the results of predicting turnability by means of models of different dimensions significantly depends on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the research object.
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Richings, Gareth W., and Scott Habershon. "Analyzing Grid-Based Direct Quantum Molecular Dynamics Using Non-Linear Dimensionality Reduction." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 7418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247418.
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Grid-based schemes for simulating quantum dynamics, such as the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method, provide highly accurate predictions of the coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics in molecular systems. Such approaches provide a multi-dimensional, time-dependent view of the system wavefunction represented on a coordinate grid; in the case of non-adiabatic simulations, additional information about the state populations adds a further layer of complexity. As such, wavepacket motion on potential energy surfaces which couple many nuclear and electronic degrees-of-freedom can be extremely challenging to analyse in order to extract physical insight beyond the usual expectation-value picture. Here, we show that non-linear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) methods, notably diffusion maps, can be adapted to extract information from grid-based wavefunction dynamics simulations, providing insight into key nuclear motions which explain the observed dynamics. This approach is demonstrated for 2-D and 9-D models of proton transfer in salicylaldimine, as well as 8-D and full 12-D simulations of cis-trans isomerization in ethene; these simulations demonstrate how NLDR can provide alternative views of wavefunction dynamics, and also highlight future developments.
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Capistrano–Filho, Roberto A., Ademir F. Pazoto, and Lionel Rosier. "Control of a Boussinesq system of KdV–KdV type on a bounded interval." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2018036.
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We consider a Boussinesq system of KdV–KdV type introduced by J.L. Bona, M. Chen and J.-C. Saut as a model for the motion of small amplitude long waves on the surface of an ideal fluid. This system of two equations can describe the propagation of waves in both directions, while the single KdV equation is limited to unidirectional waves. We are concerned here with the exact controllability of the Boussinesq system by using some boundary controls. By reducing the controllability problem to a spectral problem which is solved by using the Paley–Wiener method introduced by the third author for KdV, we determine explicitly all the critical lengths for which the exact controllability fails for the linearized system, and give a complete picture of the controllability results with one or two boundary controls of Dirichlet or Neumann type. The extension of the exact controllability to the full Boussinesq system is derived in the energy space in the case of a control of Neumann type. It is obtained by incorporating a boundary feedback in the control in order to ensure a global Kato smoothing effect.
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Kenyon, C. M., T. J. Pedley, and T. W. Higenbottam. "Adaptive modeling of the human rib cage in median sternotomy." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 2287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.5.2287.
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This paper describes a limited computer-analyzed kinematic model of the rib cage that can be adapted to individual subjects. Also described is its validation and use in assessing the changes in chest wall shape after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in 12 patients. The positions of a small number of anatomic locations on the thoracic spine, ribs, manubrium, and sternum are measured from lateral and posterior-anterior chest radiographs. The computer program puts these two views together removing the magnification and reconstructs any missing points to give a three-dimensional picture of the rib cage to which mathematical models of the bones are scaled. The patients had chest radiographs taken at total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) to investigate the source of the restrictive ventilatory defect that follows CABG. The predictions from the model were tested by comparing full-sized computer plots with the actual chest radiographs. The estimates of the bony structures were accurate to +/- 3 degrees for orientations and +/- 6 mm for positions. We found reduced rib motion both "pump-handle" (theta) and "bucket handle" (psi) going from theta, psi left, psi right = 9 degrees, 10 degrees, 14 degrees to 4 degrees, 10 degrees, 9 degrees, respectively, after surgery with P less than 0.025, 0.42, 0.07. The angles were measured from the horizontal and increased caudally. There was also reduction in the range of angles subtended by the arc of the thoracic vertebrae between TLC and RV, which went from 12 degrees to -1 degrees (P less than 0.015). These data explain the fall in lung volumes that follow CABG and provide insight into the contribution made by the ribs and spine in full inspiration and full expiration.
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Кривошей [Krivosheĭ], Димитрий [Dimitriĭ] А. [A ]. "Частный сектор культуры Республики Беларуси: становление и развитие (1991–2008)." Acta Baltico-Slavica 34 (August 31, 2015): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2010.016.
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Private sector of culture of the Republic of Belarus: formation and development (1991–2008)In the given research the author on the basis of the historical and genetic analysis, methods of typology and deduction represents the basic segments of sphere of culture of the Belarus in which private subjects of culture have arisen and developed. The analysis of achievements and lacks of the given phenomenon is carried out, the factors influencing development are marked.The private sector in sphere of culture of Belarus in 1991–2008 could not create appreciable enough competition to official bodies. In cultural aspect only some projects became really platforms for experiment. First of all it concerns theatrical creativity, motion picture arts and painting.Development of a competition was not promoted by a state policy creating unequal conditions for development (tax privileges, rent decrease, etc.). Negative influence on formation of private noncommercial sector has rendered absence of the developed legislation on sponsorship and patronage of arts.Private establishments in culture sphere were created both the commercial organizations and individual businessmen, and the private persons far from business. The aspiration to profit not always was the main thing for businessmen. Private theatre in Gomel, a museum‑drugstore in Grodno, picture galleries were created by businessmen for the purposes more likely aesthetic, for confirmation of the status. The satisfaction of personal ambitions, the aspiration to be more available to public was the main thing for noncommercial projects. Most brightly it is appreciable in museum business (A. Bely, J. Gil’s museum).The projects arisen and developing on a wave of political disagreements in the country are present at a private sector of culture of the Belarus (cinéma vérité, museums).It is necessary to ascertain full absence in the country of private cinemas and film studios of game cinema, the organizations of national crafts, circuses.
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Plankensteiner, David, Christoph Hotter, and Helmut Ritsch. "QuantumCumulants.jl: A Julia framework for generalized mean-field equations in open quantum systems." Quantum 6 (January 4, 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-01-04-617.
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A full quantum mechanical treatment of open quantum systems via a Master equation is often limited by the size of the underlying Hilbert space. As an alternative, the dynamics can also be formulated in terms of systems of coupled differential equations for operators in the Heisenberg picture. This typically leads to an infinite hierarchy of equations for products of operators. A well-established approach to truncate this infinite set at the level of expectation values is to neglect quantum correlations of high order. This is systematically realized with a so-called cumulant expansion, which decomposes expectation values of operator products into products of a given lower order, leading to a closed set of equations. Here we present an open-source framework that fully automizes this approach: first, the equations of motion of operators up to a desired order are derived symbolically using predefined canonical commutation relations. Next, the resulting equations for the expectation values are expanded employing the cumulant expansion approach, where moments up to a chosen order specified by the user are included. Finally, a numerical solution can be directly obtained from the symbolic equations. After reviewing the theory we present the framework and showcase its usefulness in a few example problems.
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Patel, Ravi, Neetin P. Mahajan, Kunal Chaudhari, Pramod Bagimani, and Akshay Gund. "Primary tendon repair in a case of acute traumatic tibialis anterior with extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture in a young male-a case report." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 8, no. 6 (October 27, 2022): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20222718.
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<p>Tibialis anterior tendon rupture is a rare entity which can be either traumatic and non-traumatic. It often presents late due to mild clinical symptoms and signs. Acute ruptures are traumatic occurring in young individuals while chronic ruptures are due to degenerative processes occurring in elderly individuals, commonly after 45 years of age. Tibia anterior along with extensor hallucis tendon is an even rarer entity, operative management of which becomes mandatory, more so in a young active individual for better outcome. We have a 31-year-old male patient, who presented to us with an acute post traumatic tibialis anterior tendon rupture of 3 days duration which was diagnosed following an initial clinical examination, an unremarkable X-ray picture, and Ultrasonography confirming the diagnosis. The patient was managed with primary repair of the tibialis anterior tendon along with Extensor hallucis tendon (which was found intra-operatively) with 2-0 ethibond sutures using a cross-linked Bunnell technique. The patient regained full ankle range of motion at 8 weeks post operative period with ankle dorsiflexion and great toe extension back to pre-injury state.As we have seen with this case, early primary repair in a case of acute rupture at tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus rupture with non-absorbable suture has significant improved post operative outcome in terms of return of the affected range of motion and can be practice safely in new hands with limited resources as material of suture and technique has not significant effect in post operative outcome. Acute tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis tendon rupture, non absorbable suture, ethibond, cross linked Bunnell technique.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
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Trung, G. K., and N. D. Vinh. "An overview of seismic ground response methods over the world and their applications in Vietnam." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 43, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i2.230193.
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The estimation of the impact of earthquakes on buildings and mega structures in large urban areas is of extremely importance. That is why it always gets attentions from construction planners and policy makers who are concerned about construction rules. When earthquake occurs, the vibration is transferred to sites. Although the vibration intensity is at first not too strong, the motion probably becomes stronger and lasts longer under special conditions of the local site. Two famous examples for these effects occurred in Mexico City in 1985 and in Taiwan in 1999. There are a number of approaches to this problem, such as evaluations based on seismic field observations, the microtremor method, the method using the weak motion data, the method using the strong motion data, the one-dimensional wave propagation method or the three dimensional wave propagation method with simulation etc. In this paper, we will give an overview and discuss about the advantages and the disadvantages of the methods that have been commonly applied in the world. We also present the application of these methods in studies carried out in Vietnam in general and in particular, in Hanoi city. We found that the studies for Hanoi city were mainly carried out in the western areas of Hanoi and a few positions in the urban districts. In addition, the authors only gave comments about and assessments of the shear wave velocity, and classified the ground type without a detailed map of local site effects for the entire area of Hanoi. In order to obtain a full site effects evaluation for Hanoi city, future studies should focus on the application of 1D analysis for the central area of Hanoi city and combining 1D analysis with 2D or 3D to give a better picture about the impact of local site effects. This hybrid approach is necessary in order to compare and verify the data obtained by the empirical and the analytical methods. On the other hand, many problems need to be addressed, for instance, the construction of a detailed 3D geological model for Hanoi, the calculation of the dominant periods and the amplification of the local soil conditions for the urban areas.
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Quartz, Karen Hunter, Andrew Thomas, Lauren Anderson, Katherine Masyn, Kimberly Barraza Lyons, and Brad Olsen. "Careers in Motion: A Longitudinal Retention Study of Role Changing among Early-Career Urban Educators." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 110, no. 1 (January 2008): 218–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810811000102.
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Background/Context Teacher retention, especially of qualified teachers within high-poverty schools, is an issue of local, national, and international concern. School staffing research has typically examined two groups: those who remain in full-time classroom teaching versus those who quit teaching altogether. This article complicates the teacher staffing picture and adds a third category of attrition: role changing, which is the phenomenon of teachers shifting into nonteaching professional roles in the field of education. Purpose We asked what proportion of teacher career movement within our sample was attributable to leaving teaching versus role changing. Further, we wanted to know the influence of race/ethnicity, gender, credential type, and age on role-changing patterns. Research Design To deepen our understanding of teacher career patterns, we conducted a 6-year longitudinal study that involved collecting survey data on teacher career movement, school experiences, and attitudes from 838 well-prepared urban educators in their first through eighth career year. These educators had all completed master's degrees in the teacher education program of a high-status urban public university and all began their careers as teachers. After collecting the data, we documented and diagrammed career patterns. In addition, we analyzed the influence of select time invariant covariates on the hazard probabilities of both role changing and leaving education. Findings/Results The study found that not only did teachers move into a variety of non-teaching roles within the field of education, but they also followed diverse career “pathways” along the way. Survival analysis substantiated prior research showing that Latino teachers have lower attrition rates from the field of education compared with White teachers, but this effect disappeared for role changing with the field. In terms of gender, the men in our population were less likely to leave education entirely than women but more likely to leave teaching for a role change in career years 3–8. Teachers with single-subject (secondary) credentials were more likely than their colleagues who held multiple-subject (elementary) credentials to leave teaching for a role change in education. Conclusions/Recommendations Set within the framework of teacher professionalism, we argue that role changing is a form of sanctioned attrition and that understanding movement among roles within the educational workforce is essential for crafting policies and incentives to keep well-prepared teachers rooted in careers that serve the nation's most under-served students.
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Comes, F. J. "Vector Correlations in Molecular Photofragmentations." Laser Chemistry 11, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1991): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.11.151.
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Photofragmentation spectroscopy—the study of “half collisions” with polarized light of subdoppler line width—opens a window to look into the structure of molecules. The energy partitioning among the particular degrees of freedom of the products of the fragmentation reaction is described by the scalar properties, the direction and magnitude of a particular type of motion is described by the vector properties. The measurement of the scalar and vector properties allows a pictorial view of the intermediate state. The forces which make the fragments fly apart or rotate and vibrate can be “seen” from the line shapes. Information on the unstable intermediate state is gained from the stable fragments long after the dissociation of the parent molecule. In particular, information on the “lifetime” of the intermediate on a femtosecond time scale can be obtained.A number of molecules, mainly three and four atomic, have been studied by this technique. Hydrogen peroxide has shown up as a textbook example. A complete analysis was possible including not only correlation of different types of fragment motion but also a correlation of the two coincident particles formed from the same parent molecule. The experimental results are in full agreement with recent calculations of the dynamics of the fragmentation on newly obtained potential energy surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide shows a strong dependence of its potential energy on the dihedral angle in the two electronic states amenable to laser excitation. This experiment further demonstrates that an analysis is also possible if two states are excited simultaneously.Another good example is the fragmentation of hydrazoic acid for which also coincident pair correlation has been treated. Here again the results agree excellently with a qualitative picture which can be drawn from recently calculated ab initio potential energy surfaces. The HN3 example is much more complicated than the former one due to its higher structured upper potential energy surface. Strong rotational excitation is observed in the N2 fragment leaving the NH fragment rotationally cold.The treatment of vector correlations in molecular photofragmentation is a powerful tool for the study of the dynamics of molecular dissociation reactions.
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Edwards, Andrew M. J., Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar, Michael I. Newton, Carl V. Brown, and Glen McHale. "Not spreading in reverse: The dewetting of a liquid film into a single drop." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600183.
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Wetting and dewetting are both fundamental modes of motion of liquids on solid surfaces. They are critically important for processes in biology, chemistry, and engineering, such as drying, coating, and lubrication. However, recent progress in wetting, which has led to new fields such as superhydrophobicity and liquid marbles, has not been matched by dewetting. A significant problem has been the inability to study the model system of a uniform film dewetting from a nonwetting surface to a single macroscopic droplet—a barrier that does not exist for the reverse wetting process of a droplet spreading into a film. We report the dewetting of a dielectrophoresis-induced film into a single equilibrium droplet. The emergent picture of the full dewetting dynamics is of an initial regime, where a liquid rim recedes at constant speed and constant dynamic contact angle, followed by a relatively short exponential relaxation of a spherical cap shape. This sharply contrasts with the reverse wetting process, where a spreading droplet follows a smooth sequence of spherical cap shapes. Complementary numerical simulations and a hydrodynamic model reveal a local dewetting mechanism driven by the equilibrium contact angle, where contact line slip dominates the dewetting dynamics. Our conclusions can be used to understand a wide variety of processes involving liquid dewetting, such as drop rebound, condensation, and evaporation. In overcoming the barrier to studying single film-to-droplet dewetting, our results provide new approaches to fluid manipulation and uses of dewetting, such as inducing films of prescribed initial shapes and slip-controlled liquid retraction.
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Tzanov, Vassil V., Bernd Krauskopf, and Simon A. Neild. "Vibration Dynamics of an Inclined Cable Excited Near Its Second Natural Frequency." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, no. 09 (September 2014): 1430024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414300249.
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Inclined cables are essential structural elements that are used most prominently in cable-stayed bridges. When the bridge deck oscillates due to an external force, such as passing traffic, cable vibrations can arise not only in the plane of excitation, but also in the perpendicular plane. This undesirable phenomenon can be modeled as an auto-parametric resonance between the in-plane and out-of-plane modes of vibration of the cable. In this paper, we consider a three-mode model, capturing the second in-plane, and first and second out-of-plane modes, and use it to study the response of an inclined cable that is vertically excited at its lower (deck) support at a frequency close to the second natural frequency of the cable. Averaging is applied to the model and then the solutions and bifurcations of the resulting averaged differential equations are investigated and mapped out with numerical continuation. In this way, we present a detailed bifurcation study of the different possible responses of the cable. We first consider the equilibria of the averaged model, of which there are four types that are distinguished by whether each of the two out-of-plane modes is present or not in the cable response. Each type of equilibrium is computed and represented as a surface over the plane of amplitude and frequency of the forcing. The stability of the equilibria changes and different surfaces meet along curves of bifurcations, which are continued directly. Overall, we present a comprehensive geometric picture of the two-parameter bifurcation diagram of the constant-amplitude coupled-mode response of the cable. We then focused on bifurcating periodic orbits, which correspond to cable dynamics with varying amplitudes of the participating second in-plane and second out-of-plane modes. The range of excitation amplitude and frequency is determined where such whirling cable motion can occur. Further bifurcations — period-doubling cascades and a Shilnikov homoclinic bifurcation — are found that lead to a chaotic cable response. Whirling and chaotic cable dynamics are confirmed by time-step simulations of the full three-mode model. The different cable responses are characterized, and can be distinguished clearly, by their motion at the quarter-span and by their frequency spectra.
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Rotkin, Slava V. "(Invited) Multiphysics Model of the sSNOM Spectroscopy: Can Near-Field Probes Report the Spectrum of Nanomaterials?" ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 10 (August 28, 2023): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01101180mtgabs.
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Last decade has been celebrated with a substantial increase of publications on imaging of nanomaterials with near-field probes. The latter include Tip-Enhanced Raman and/or Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TERS/TEPL), various near-infrared (NIR) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based methods, and several scattering Scanning Near-field optical methods (sSNOM). Using various coherent sources, often tunable in terms of excitation, these methods produce high spatial resolution images – near-field scanning maps, in terms of a pixel size claimed to be limited only by the size of the scanning tip. By design, TERS/TEPL detects a spectral response at each point of a map, which is, naively speaking, gives us a local probe of optical material properties within a single pixel (at the fixed excitation wavelength). NIR-AFM and sSNOM (leaving aside the FTIR mode) allow to obtain quasi-spectral information by tweaking the excitation. In this case, the collected (elastic) signal is restricted to the wavelength of the excitation. The essence of the near-field method is in breaking the laws of a plane-wave reflection from the sample, which requires a sub-wavelength separation between the tip and the sample and a strong enough near-field coupling between those. Still, it is routinely assumed that the tip is an “ideal probe” and its role is to “channel” the information about the local optical response to the detector. Up to date, little is known about the spectral response of the tip-sample system from the perspective of quantum physics. In this work, several aspects of the problem: mechanical motion of the scanning tip, electrodynamics of the excitation/scattered light, and quantum solid state description of the sample and the tip – are combined to obtain, within a simple model, a full picture of the near-field detection. The results, though not general and limited by the simplicity of model used for the sake of clarity of derivation, shed the light on the spectral response of a typical near-field microscope and describe effects, earlier called “artifacts”, as natural response for coupled tip-sample elementary excitations. Lastly, an application of the model for an analysis of spectra of nBN heteronanotubes (Y. Feng, et.al, ACS Nano 15, 5600, 2021) will be presented. Acknowledgement: This work has been partially supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-2011839). Fig. 1. (left) Amplitude and phase of the near-field optical signal vs. the optical frequency: S(ω). (right) Same optical amplitude and phase vs. ω and the phase of mechanical motion of an AFM tip. Figure 1
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Doroshenko, Yaroslav, Julia Doroshenko, Vasyl Zapukhliak, Lyubomyr Poberezhny, and Pavlo Maruschak. "MODELING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS OF MULTIPHASE FLOWS IN ELBOW AND T-JUNCTION OF THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7441.
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The research was performed in order to obtain the physical picture of the movement of condensed droplets and solid particles in the flow of natural gas in elbows and T-junctions of the linear part of the main gas pipeline. 3D modeling of the elbow and T-junction was performed in the linear part of the gas main, in particular, in places where a complex movement of multiphase flows occurs and changes its direction. In these places also occur swirls, collisions of discrete phases in the pipeline wall, and erosive wear of the pipe wall. Based on Lagrangian approach (Discrete Phase Model – DPM), methods of computer modeling were developed to simulate multiphase flow movement in the elbow and T-junction of the linear part of the gas main using software package ANSYS Fluent R17.0 Academic. The mathematical model is based on solving the Navier–Stokes equations, and the equations of continuity and discrete phase movement closed with Launder–Sharma (k–e) two-parameter turbulence model with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. In T-junction, we simulated gas movement in the run-pipe, and the passage of the part of flow into the branch. The simulation results were visualized in postprocessor ANSYS Fluent R17.0 Academic and ANSYS CFD-Post R17.0 Academic by building trajectories of the motion of condensed droplets and solid particles in the elbow and T-junction of the linear part of the gas main in the flow of natural gas. The trajectories were painted in colors that match the velocity and diameter of droplets and particles according to the scale of values. After studying the trajectories of discrete phases, the locations of their heavy collision with the pipeline walls were found, as well as the places of turbulence of condensed droplets and solid particles. The velocity of liquid and solid particles was determined, and the impact angles, diameters of condensed droplets and solid particles in the place of collision were found. Such results provide possibilities for a full and comprehensive investigation of erosive wear of the elbow and T-junction of the linear part of the gas main and adjacent sections of the pipeline, and for the assessment of their strength and residual life.
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Şengör, A. M. Celâl, Céline Grall, Caner İmren, Xavier Le Pichon, Naci Görür, Pierre Henry, Hayrullah Karabulut, and Muzaffer Siyako. "The geometry of the North Anatolian transform fault in the Sea of Marmara and its temporal evolution: implications for the development of intracontinental transform faults." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 3 (March 2014): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0160.
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The North Anatolian Fault is a 1200 km long strike-slip fault system connecting the East Anatolian convergent area with the Hellenic subduction zone and, as such, represents an intracontinental transform fault. It began forming some 13–11 Ma ago within a keirogen, called the North Anatolian Shear Zone, which becomes wider from east to west. Its width is maximum at the latitude of the Sea of Marmara, where it is 100 km. The Marmara Basin is unique in containing part of an active strike-slip fault system in a submarine environment in which there has been active sedimentation in a Paratethyan context where stratigraphic resolution is higher than elsewhere in the Mediterranean. It is also surrounded by a long-civilised rim where historical records reach well into the second half of the first millennium BCE (before common era). In this study, we have used 210 multichannel seismic reflexion profiles, adding up to 6210 km profile length and high-resolution bathymetry and chirp profiles reported in the literature to map all the faults that are younger than the Oligocene. Within these faults, we have distinguished those that cut the surface and those that do not. Among the ones that do not cut the surface, we have further created a timetable of fault generation based on seismic sequence recognition. The results are surprising in that faults of all orientations contain subsets that are active and others that are inactive. This suggests that as the shear zone evolves, faults of all orientations become activated and deactivated in a manner that now seems almost haphazard, but a tendency is noticed to confine the overall movement to a zone that becomes narrower with time since the inception of the shear zone, i.e., the whole keirogen, at its full width. In basins, basin margins move outward with time, whereas highs maintain their faults free of sediment cover, making their dating difficult, but small perched basins on top of them in places make relative dating possible. In addition, these basins permit comparison of geological history of the highs with those of the neighbouring basins. The two westerly deeps within the Sea of Marmara seem inherited structures from the earlier Rhodope–Pontide fragment/Sakarya continent collision, but were much accentuated by the rise of the intervening highs during the shear evolution. When it is assumed that below 10 km depth the faults that now constitute the Marmara fault family might have widths approaching 4 km, the resulting picture resembles a large version of an amphibolite-grade shear zone fabric, an inference in agreement with the scale-independent structure of shear zones. We think that the North Anatolian Fault at depth has such a fabric not only on a meso, but also on a macro scale. Detection of such broad, vertical shear zones in Precambrian terrains may be one way to get a handle on relative plate motion directions during those remote times.
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Базаров, С. М. "Introduction to chronodynamics." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 233 (December 29, 2020): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2020.233.259-270.
Full textAbstract:
В динамике решаются задачи движения тел в координатной системе отсчета динамический параметр-время (пространство): динамические параметры (сила, импульс, энергия, механический момент) функциональны по отношению к независимым координатам времени (пространства). Как правило, эти функции непрерывны (кусочно непрерывны), поэтому с позиции теории обратных функций им можно построить в соответствие обратные функции: функциональность времени (пространства) от динамических параметров как независимых. Для монотонных функций эти отображения (образ-прообраз) взаимно однозначные. Произведение динамического параметра на координату времени (пространства) является потенциалом, это произведение образа и прообраза. Потенциалу можно поставить в соответствие полный дифференциал. Аналитическое исследование полного дифференциала потенциала в координатной системе динамические параметры-время (пространство) раскрывает картину появления функционального времени (пространства) и функциональных динамических параметров, сопряженных координатному времени (пространству) и динамическим параметрам. В результате этого вырисовываются элементы основ хронодинамики, сопряженно дополняющие динамику до потенциальной динамики. При потенциальном построении динамики функциональность динамических параметров от времени (пространства), раскрываемая законами сохранения в динамике, дополняется функциональностью времени (пространства) от динамических параметров: сколько динамических параметров, соответственно столько функциональных времен (пространств) и функциональных параметров. В обобщенной потенциальной динамике динамическим параметрам и времени (пространству) в динамике ставится в соответствие потенциальные динамические параметры и потенциальные времена (пространства). В результате исследования получено: при гиперболической зависимости динамических параметров от времени (пространства) соответствующие им потенциальные динамические параметры и потенциальные времена (пространства) равны нулю. В этих случаях динамика и хронодинамика становятся взаимными антидинамиками. Исследование потенциальных параметров открывает динамический код связности динамических параметров. In dynamics, the problems of motion of bodies in the coordinate reference system dynamic parameter-time (space) are solved: dynamic parameters (force, momentum, energy, mechanical moment) are functional with respect to independent coordinates of time (space). As a rule, these functions are continuous (piecewise continuous), so from the position of the torus of inverse functions, they can be constructed in accordance with inverse functions: the functionality of time (space) from dynamic parameters, as independent. For monotone functions, these mappings (image-prototype) are one-to-one. The product of a dynamic parameter on the coordinate of time (space) is a potential, it is the product of an image and a prototype, the Potential can be matched with a complete differential. The analytical study of the full potential differential in the coordinate system dynamic parameters-time (space) reveals the picture of the appearance of functional time (space) and functional dynamic parameters conjugated to coordinate time (space) and dynamic parameters. As a result, elements of the basics of chronodynamics are drawn, which complement the dynamics to the potential dynamics. In the potential construction of dynamics, the functionality of dynamic parameters from time (space), revealed by the laws of conservation in dynamics, is supplemented by the functionality of time (space) from dynamic parameters: how many dynamic parameters, respectively, as many functional times (spaces) and functional parameters. In generalized potential dynamics, the dynamic parameters and time (space) in dynamics are matched to the potential dynamic parameters and potential times (space). As a result of the study, it is obtained that if the dynamic parameters are hyperbolically dependent on time (space), the corresponding potential dynamic parameters and potential times (space) are equal to zero. In these cases, dynamics and chronodynamics become mutual anti-dynamics. Investigation of potential parameters opens the dynamic code of connectivity of dynamic parameters.
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Базаров, С. М. "Introduction to chronodynamics." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 233 (December 29, 2020): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2020.233.259-270.
Full textAbstract:
В динамике решаются задачи движения тел в координатной системе отсчета динамический параметр-время (пространство): динамические параметры (сила, импульс, энергия, механический момент) функциональны по отношению к независимым координатам времени (пространства). Как правило, эти функции непрерывны (кусочно непрерывны), поэтому с позиции теории обратных функций им можно построить в соответствие обратные функции: функциональность времени (пространства) от динамических параметров как независимых. Для монотонных функций эти отображения (образ-прообраз) взаимно однозначные. Произведение динамического параметра на координату времени (пространства) является потенциалом, это произведение образа и прообраза. Потенциалу можно поставить в соответствие полный дифференциал. Аналитическое исследование полного дифференциала потенциала в координатной системе динамические параметры-время (пространство) раскрывает картину появления функционального времени (пространства) и функциональных динамических параметров, сопряженных координатному времени (пространству) и динамическим параметрам. В результате этого вырисовываются элементы основ хронодинамики, сопряженно дополняющие динамику до потенциальной динамики. При потенциальном построении динамики функциональность динамических параметров от времени (пространства), раскрываемая законами сохранения в динамике, дополняется функциональностью времени (пространства) от динамических параметров: сколько динамических параметров, соответственно столько функциональных времен (пространств) и функциональных параметров. В обобщенной потенциальной динамике динамическим параметрам и времени (пространству) в динамике ставится в соответствие потенциальные динамические параметры и потенциальные времена (пространства). В результате исследования получено: при гиперболической зависимости динамических параметров от времени (пространства) соответствующие им потенциальные динамические параметры и потенциальные времена (пространства) равны нулю. В этих случаях динамика и хронодинамика становятся взаимными антидинамиками. Исследование потенциальных параметров открывает динамический код связности динамических параметров. In dynamics, the problems of motion of bodies in the coordinate reference system dynamic parameter-time (space) are solved: dynamic parameters (force, momentum, energy, mechanical moment) are functional with respect to independent coordinates of time (space). As a rule, these functions are continuous (piecewise continuous), so from the position of the torus of inverse functions, they can be constructed in accordance with inverse functions: the functionality of time (space) from dynamic parameters, as independent. For monotone functions, these mappings (image-prototype) are one-to-one. The product of a dynamic parameter on the coordinate of time (space) is a potential, it is the product of an image and a prototype, the Potential can be matched with a complete differential. The analytical study of the full potential differential in the coordinate system dynamic parameters-time (space) reveals the picture of the appearance of functional time (space) and functional dynamic parameters conjugated to coordinate time (space) and dynamic parameters. As a result, elements of the basics of chronodynamics are drawn, which complement the dynamics to the potential dynamics. In the potential construction of dynamics, the functionality of dynamic parameters from time (space), revealed by the laws of conservation in dynamics, is supplemented by the functionality of time (space) from dynamic parameters: how many dynamic parameters, respectively, as many functional times (spaces) and functional parameters. In generalized potential dynamics, the dynamic parameters and time (space) in dynamics are matched to the potential dynamic parameters and potential times (space). As a result of the study, it is obtained that if the dynamic parameters are hyperbolically dependent on time (space), the corresponding potential dynamic parameters and potential times (space) are equal to zero. In these cases, dynamics and chronodynamics become mutual anti-dynamics. Investigation of potential parameters opens the dynamic code of connectivity of dynamic parameters.
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Andrienko, Oleksandr, Mykola Huchenko, Volodymyr Zinchenko, and Oleksandr Zhorniak. "SOFTWARE-HARDWARE COMPLEX OF QUALIFICATION EVALUATION OF MI-171 HELICOPTER SIMULATOR." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(17) (2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-3(17)-49-54.
Full textAbstract:
Urgency of the research. Flight safety is an actual practical issue which solving influences the future of Ukraine as a transport state. As a consequence of technical progress aviation technology is becoming more and more sophisticated and reliable. However, the intensity of the impact on a person caused by various adverse factors, including information overloads, is constantly increasing. Statistics show that up to 80% of accidents and disasters occur due to pilot errors. The reason for about 35 % of these errors is lack of professional training, and about 40% of the errors are caused by inexperience of the crew. Target setting. The cost of aircraft, crew training and the "price" of error increase simultaneously. Cost of professional training of helicopter crews on complex flight simulators is an order of magnitude lower than on real helicopters. Therefore, today the focus of increasing the safety of flights is to improve the level of flight training and flight experience via the use of flight simulators with a high level of information adequacy to a real helicopter. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In order to ensure the possibility of the trained crew to obtain the appropriate official documents stating their professional training level, the simulator must be certified according to national and international requirements, i.e. the adequacy of its handling qualities to the appropriate qualities of a simulated helicopter must be guaranteed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The equipment allows simulating the conduct of the helicopter in all flight modes, including critical ones: control failure, landing in the mode of main lift rotor autorotation, etc., developing practical recommendations for the flight crew, as well as to train the flight crew to find ways out of emergencies. Receiving information about the flight mode, the parameters of the onboard systems, the external environment, etc., the crew envision the information flight model. The information model of the simulator should be as similar as possible to the information model of the real helicopter. Consequently, the basic components of the simulator are the imitation systems providing the influence of the information creating the adequate picture of the flight on sense organs of the crew, including eyesight – a visualization system, flight control equipment, etc.; hearing – a system of aviation noise simulation; vestibular apparatus – a motion generation system; tactile channel – a system for loading control levers. The research objective. The listed systems form the informational model of the simulator, which should be coordinated with the movement of the helicopter. A mathematical model of the helicopter movement dynamics and the models of the mentioned systems provide this coordination. To provide the operation of the complex flight simulator, nonlinear mathematical models of helicopter dynamics based on the modified discrete vortex method have been developed. The models describe the flow of the volumetric design of the propeller apparatus and allow simulating a real-time flight in different modes, including "post-stall" condition. The statement of basic materials. The principles and approaches to the qualification evaluation of complex flight helicopter simulators in accordance with the requirements of the EU (CS-FSTD (H)) and IKAO (Doc 9625) are analyzed. The performance capabilities of a complex full-flight Mi-171 helicopter simulator created by SPA "AVIA" are described. The necessity of certification of flight simulators in compliance with international standards is substantiated. The analysis of the validation procedure is performed. The structure and functioning of the software complex designed to automate validation tests are described. Conclusions. An algorithm for obtaining a conclusion on the test result for one of the tests is presented.
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Wang, Duangui. "Re-semantization of A. Pushkin’s poetry in the creative work of V. Kosenko (on the example of “The Five Romances”, op. 20)." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 50, no. 50 (October 3, 2018): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-50.07.
Full textAbstract:
Formulation of the problem. In the chamber-vocal genre, the composer exists in two images: he is both the interpreter of the poetic composition and the author of a new synthetic music and poetic composition. The experience of the style analysis of one of the best examples of Ukrainian vocal lyrics of the first third of the 20th century shows that the cycle op. 20 characterizes the mature style of the composer, which was formed, on the one hand, under the influence of European Romanticism. On the other hand, the essence of the Ukrainian “branch” of the Western European song-romance (“solo-singing”) is revealed by the prominent national song-romance intonation, filled with not only a romantic worldview, but also with some personal sincerity, chastity, intimate involvement with the great in depth and simplicity poetry line, read from the individual position of the musician. The paradox is as follows. Although Pushkin’s poetry is embodied in a “holistic adequacy” (A. Khutorskaya), and the composer found the fullest semantic analogue of the poetic source, however, in terms of translating the text into the Ukrainian language, the musical semantics changes its intonation immanence, which naturally leads to inconsistency of the listeners’ position and ideas about the style of Russian romance. We are dealing with inter-specific literary translation: Pushkin’s discourse creates the Ukrainian romance style and system of figurative thinking. The purpose of the article is to reveal the principle of re-semantization of the intonation-figurative concept of the vocal composition by V. Kosenko (in the context of translating Pushkin’s poetry into the Ukrainian language) in light of the theory of interspecific art translation. Analysis of recent publications on the topic. Among the most recent studies of Ukrainian musicology, one should point out the dissertation by G. Khafizova (Kyiv, 2017), in which the theory of modelling of the stylistic system of the vocal composition as an expression of Pushkin’s discourse is described. The basis for the further stylistic analysis of V. Kosenko’s compositions is the points from A. Hutorska’s candidate’s thesis; she develops the theory of interspecific art translation. The types of translation of poetry into music are classified according to two parameters. The exact translation creates integral adequacy, which involves the composer’s finding a maximally full semantic analogue of the poetic source. The free translation is characterized by compensatory, fragmentary, generalized-genre adequacy. Presenting the main material. The Zhitomir period for Viktor Kosenko was the time of the formation of his creative style. Alongside the lyrical imagery line, the composer acquired one more – dramatic, after his mother’s death. It is possible that the romances on the poems of A. Pushkin are more late reflection of this tragic experience (op. 20 was created in 1930). “I Loved You” opens the vocal cycle and has been dedicated by A. V. Kosenko. The short piano introduction contains the intonation emblem of the love-feeling wave. The form of the composition is a two part reprising (А А1) with the piano Introduction and Postlude. The semantic culmination is emphasized by the change of metro-rhythmic organization 5/4 (instead of 4) and the plastic phrase “as I wish, that the other will love you” sounding in the text. Due to these melodies (with national segments in melo-types, rhythm formulas and harmony) V. Kosenko should be considered as “Ukrainian Glinka”, the composer who introduced new forms and “figures” of the love language into the romantic “intonation dictionary”. In general, V. Kosenko’s solo-singing represents the Ukrainian analogue of Pushkin’s discourse – the theme of love. The melos of vocal piece “I Lived through My Desires” is remembered by the broad breath, bright expression of the syntactic deployment of emotion. On the background of bass ostinato, the song intonation acquires a noble courage. This solo-singing most intermediately appeal to the typical examples of the urban romance of Russian culture of the 19th century. “The Raven to the Raven” – a Scottish folk ballad in the translation by A. Pushkin. V. Kosenko as a profound psychologist, delicately transmits the techniques of versification, following each movement of a poetic phrase, builds stages of the musical drama by purely intonation means. The semantics of a death is embodied through the sound imaging of a black bird: a marching-like tempo and rhythm of the accompaniment, with a characteristic dotted pattern in a descending motion (like a raven is beating its wings). The middle section is dominated by a slow-motion perception of time space (Andante), meditative “freeze” (size 6/4). The melody contrasts with the previous section, its profile is built on the principle of descending move: from “h1” to “h” of the small octave (with a stop on S-harmony), which creates a psychologically immersed state, filled by premonition of an unexpected tragedy. In general, the Ukrainian melodic intonation intensified the tragic content of the ballad by Pushkin. The musical semantics of V. Kosenko’s romances is marked by the dependence on the romantic “musical vocabulary”, however, it is possible to indicate and national characteristics (ascending little-sixth and fifth intervals, which is filled with a gradual anti-movement; syllabic tonic versification, and other). Conclusion. The romances (“solo-singings”) by V. Kosenko belongs to the type of a free art translation with generalized-genre adequacy. There is a re-semantization of poetic images due to the national-mental intonation. Melos, rhythm, textural presentation (repetitions), stylization of different genre formulas testify to the rare beauty of Kosenko’s vocal style, spiritual strength and maturity of the master of Ukrainian vocal culture. Entering the “Slavic song area”, the style of Ukrainian romance, however, is differenced from the Russian and common European style system of figurative and intonation thinking (the picture of the world).
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Yashin, A. S., A. N. Vasilyev, and S. L. Shishkin. "How can quasi-movements be useful in the examination of voluntary movements? An external perspective integrating neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy." Genes & Cells 18, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/gc623399.
Full textAbstract:
In 2008, V. Nikulin et al. [1] identified quasi-movements (QM), a type of motor task relying on voluntary movements. QM become noticeable when a person reduces a movement to the point where its associated muscle activity is undetectable through electromyography (EMG) signals. Like overt movements (OM) and kinesthetic motor imagery (imagined movements, IM), QM prompt event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the sensorimotor rhythms of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Drawing upon M. Jeannerod’s [2] claim concerning the existent line of motor system states between OM and IM, Nikulin et al. postulated that QM could fall under a classification of actions in the intermediate section of said range. Notwithstanding, their findings indicate that, as the magnitude of motion dwindles, QM will continue to manifest an agent’s inclination towards executing a physical action. How does the difference in intention relate to the range of possible motor system states across tasks? In this study, we evaluated the continuum hypothesis based on QM’s intermediate position between physical and mental actions. We developed two versions of this hypothesis. One pertains to the brain mechanisms responsible for executing motor tasks and predicting their sensory outcomes. According to this hypothesis, the operation of these mechanisms continuously shifts between full-fledged OM and IM. Another version of the hypothesis posits the agent’s awareness [3] of action and proposes a continuum of the agent’s mental states ranging from OM to IM. The second version of the hypothesis suggests that the agent perceives certain actions situated between OM and IM (such as QM) as intermediate ones. If the first version of the continuum hypothesis is correct, a correlation between ERD power and residual EMG in QM would have been expected. This assumption was made based on the realization of the continuum hypothesis. In the case of OM, high muscle activity and desynchronization of the μ-rhythm occur, whereas in the case of IM, there is a significantly lower ERD with almost complete absence of muscle activity. Since muscle tension is a direct result of motor system function, variations in the power of sensorimotor rhythms within a certain range may regulate EMG amplitude. In order to examine the second version of the continuum hypothesis, we have opted to survey participants to gain insight into how individuals subjectively differentiate between QM and OM in addition to IM when viewed from a first-person perspective. Twenty-three healthy participants took part in our study. The motor tasks in our experiment were based on the thumb abduction method used in Nikulin et al.’s study. This method involves tensing the m. abductor pollicis brevis muscle, enabling accurate measurement of muscle activity. The experiment was conducted over two days, with participants receiving training on the first day for performing thumb abduction, QM, and kinesthetic motor imagery. On the second day, participants replicated their learned skills under three conditions, each corresponding to a different motor task. They rhythmically performed OM, QM, or IM following rhythms consisting of three tones in each condition. To facilitate EEG analysis, the motor tasks were compared to a visual attention task that required participants to count the elements in a picture. On the second day, the participants’ EMG and 128-channel EEG were recorded. Using more sensitive processing methods than in previous studies [1, 4, 5], we analyzed the disparity between ERD in QM and IM and explored the correlation between EMG parameters and ERD power in QM. Furthermore, we administered a survey to the participants, focusing on their perception of motion in QM and its realism. The respondents provided affirmative or negative responses. We asked participants to provide in-depth reports on the subjective distinctions between QM and OM/IM. Our aim was to examine whether judgments about QM were impacted by residual EMG by comparing these responses with EMG data. The average EMG values obtained in both QM and IM were comparable to those found by Nikulin et al. Nevertheless, a thorough examination of the EMG data demonstrated heightened peak muscle activity in QM trials. While the contralateral component of the ERD μ-rhythm was independent of the EMG amplitude, it exhibited greater strength in QM as opposed to IM. This result indicates that QM strictly defined and those accompanied by increased muscle activity have a stable pattern of motor system activity that differs significantly from that of IM. Therefore, QM is more likely to constitute a distinct motor phenomenon. In addition to EEG analysis, we examined subjective reports from participants. We categorized the free-form reports into common descriptors of variations in motor tasks and examined the connection between the descriptors, question responses, and the proportion of trials with elevated EMG in the QM condition. There was no correlation between the proportion of trials with elevated EMG and the participants’ reports on the feeling of movement or the perceived reality of QM. In addition, the descriptors distinguishing QM from IM were not influenced by the residual EMG. Analysis of the free-form reports revealed that participants had comparable intentions in both the OM and QM conditions, which differed from those in the IM condition. The intention to execute a movement in the QM condition correlated with References to “sending a command” to the muscles. Additionally, the perceived reality of QM correlated with mentions of muscle tension during QM, indicating sensory feedback. The obtained results are not well-matched with either version of the continuum hypothesis. The lack of correlation between EMG and the contralateral element of μ-rhythm desynchronization suggests that the simplest realization of the first version is incorrect. Although QM acts as an intermediate between OM and IM, and EEG presents it as a steady independent phenomenon instead of being part of a continuous range of actions. Subjectively, QM is experienced as an OM with insufficient feedback. This reduces the agent’s confidence regarding the movement’s reality. The agent’s awareness when performing QM and IM differs in quality as they are distinct actions, despite potential imagined feedback in QM. Our study has some limitations, specifically regarding the range of actions between overt and imagined movements, which may not necessarily involve QM. The states within the continuum may possess a complexity greater than the previously assumed arrangement. Another limitation is associated with the experiment’s relatively small sample size. It would be advantageous to use a larger sample size to gain better insights into studying QM.
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Newman, William R. "Newton the Alchemist: Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire"." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 1 (March 2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-21newman.
Full textAbstract:
NEWTON THE ALCHEMIST: Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire" by William R. Newman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019. xx + 537 pages, including four appendices and an index. Hardcover; $39.95. ISBN: 9780691174877. *If there is one person associated with developments in the physical sciences, it is Isaac Newton (1642-1727). For many, he represents the culmination of the seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution: its point of convergence and simultaneously the point from which science began to exercise its full influence on society. His work is often considered as thoroughly modern: well-designed experiments; precise and clearly articulated mathematical-physical principles which invite deductions further tested by measurement and experiment; and great discoveries in astronomy (universal law of gravitation), in optics, in mechanics, and in mathematics (the calculus). For many, Newton provided the model for physical theory for the next two hundred years. *And yet, this generally accepted description of Newton fails to capture the tension and diversity in Newton's work. The discovery of Newton's alchemical manuscripts (containing no fewer than one million words) by the economist John Maynard Keynes at an auction at Sotheby's in 1936 partially lifted the veil. In 1947, Keynes offered his rather candid assessment of Newton's alchemical work: he "was not the first of the age of reason" but rather "the last of the magicians." *However, in the last two decades, we have come to understand and appreciate that alchemy was not simply deviant behavior by "magicians" or charlatans, but rather part and parcel of the make-up of the Scientific Revolution. Alchemy, or better, chymistry, was a central part of the early modern study of nature. One of the leaders of this historiographical revolution has been William Newman, distinguished professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine at Indiana University. [For more on this revolution, see my review of Lawrence Principe's book The Secrets of Alchemy in PSCF 66, no. 4 (2014): 258-59.] Newman has written several seminal books: for example, Atoms and Alchemy: Chymistry and the Experimental Origins of the Scientific Revolution (2006) and Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature (2004). *Newton the Alchemist displays Newman's fifteen-year dedicated study of Newton's alchemical manuscripts. This is the book for anyone who wishes to understand the background, implementation, and experimentation characteristic of Newton's long and abiding interest in alchemy. Newman introduces us to a Newton who wished to be an adept alchemist (even as a student at the Free Grammar School in Grantham) and kept the alchemical fires burning throughout his life, not only in Trinity College at Cambridge University, but also as warden of the Royal Mint. Newman also shows that alchemy is not inherently unscientific or irrational, nor that Newton was an outlier. Such contemporary luminaries as Robert Boyle, Gottfried Leibniz, and John Locke were also involved in alchemical endeavors. *In the first chapter, "The Enigma of Newton's Alchemy: The Historical Reception," Newman addresses the claims of two of Newton's most illustrious interpreters: Richard Westfall and Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs. For Dobbs, Newton's belief in alchemical transmutation was a religious quest, with the "philosophic mercury" acting as a spirit mediating between the physical and divine realms. For Westfall, Newton's alchemical research, involving invisible forces acting at a distance, allowed him to develop his theory of universal gravitation, published in the Principia of 1687. Newman calls both claims into question based on his close reading of the extant alchemical papers, many of which Dobbs and Westfall were not able to see. Newman wishes to determine the "hidden material meaning of the text" (p. 46), rather than advance any broad metaphysical or soteriological claims on Newton's part. *In chapter 4, "Early Modern Alchemical Theory," Newman reveals how heavily influenced Newton was by European alchemists, above all by the Polish alchemist Michael Sendivogius. Drawing on their experiments, Newton, in the 1670s, developed an all-encompassing geochemical theory of nature, according to which the earth functions as "a 'great animall' or rather an 'inanimate vegetable'" (p. 64). In Newton's view, this process explained gravitation (among many other things), although he would abandon this idea when he came to write the Principia. *In collaboration with others, many at Indiana University, Newman has organized, read, and carefully compared Newton's alchemical manuscripts. [Readers can see the results at www.chymistry.org.] In his analysis, Newman employs an approach which he calls "experimental history." This involves at least two elements: (1) a careful textual linguistic analysis of alchemical manuscripts and their experimental details; and (2) an effort to repeat the experiments in a modern laboratory setting. To understand alchemical manuscripts is indeed a challenging undertaking involving an understanding of "materials, technology, and tacit practices," as well as deciphering "hidden terms or Decknamen" used for chemical substances, and the intricate symbols employed to designate them (see "Symbols and Conventions," pp. xi-xvii). *Newman repeated many of Newton's experiments, revealing many of his laboratory practices for the first time. The results are sometimes spectacular (see, for example, the colored plates 4-10 between pages 314 and 315). They clearly show how dedicated Newton was in his efforts to improve his knowledge of the natural world. Newman's final assessment: "Nowhere in Newton's scientific work can we see the same degree of combined textual scholarship and experiment that we encounter in his alchemy" (p. 498). *What may we learn from reading Newton the Alchemist? One thing for sure: that our contemporary scientific textbooks and enlightened culture celebrating Newton's "positive" results--the astronomical "System of the World" and his three laws of motion in mechanics--are a one-sided picture of Newton's work and life. By blithely neglecting his interests in alchemy, cabbalism (number mysticism), theology, chronology, and biblical prophecy, as well as Newton's deep sense of vocation (calling), they all too frequently divide his work into two predetermined categories: science and pseudo-science. It is certain that Newton's alchemy is not pseudo-science. History, and scientific practice as well, are never, if ever, so tidy. Newton's passionate pursuit of a coherent worldview is a reminder to us of the rich context in which science is embedded. Newman's book underscores the fact that science, our science too, is impelled by deep commitments, social and political factors, and personal ambition and motives. *Reviewed by Arie Leegwater, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.
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Helmholz, P., S. Zlatanova, J. Barton, and M. Aleksandrov. "GEOINFORMATION FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2020 (GI4DM2020): PREFACE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VI-3/W1-2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-vi-3-w1-2020-1-2020.
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Abstract. Across the world, nature-triggered disasters fuelled by climate change are worsening. Some two billion people have been affected by the consequences of natural hazards over the last ten years, 95% of which were weather-related (such as floods and windstorms). Fires swept across large parts of California, and in Australia caused unprecedented destruction to lives, wildlife and bush. This picture is likely to become the new normal, and indeed may worsen if unchecked. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that in some locations, disaster that once had a once-in-a-century frequency may become annual events by 2050.Disaster management needs to keep up. Good cooperation and coordination of crisis response operations are of critical importance to react rapidly and adequately to any crisis situation, while post-disaster recovery presents opportunities to build resilience towards reducing the scale of the next disaster. Technology to support crisis response has advanced greatly in the last few years. Systems for early warning, command and control and decision-making have been successfully implemented in many countries and regions all over the world. Efforts to improve humanitarian response, in particular in relation to combating disasters in rapidly urbanising cities, have also led to better approaches that grapple with complexity and uncertainty.The challenges however are daunting. Many aspects related to the efficient collection and integration of geo-information, applied semantics and situational awareness for disaster management are still open, while agencies, organisations and governmental authorities need to improve their practices for building better resilience.Gi4DM 2020 marked the 13th edition of the Geoinformation for Disaster Management series of conferences. The first conference was held in 2005 in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami which claimed the lives of over 220,000 civilians. The 2019-20 Australian Bushfire Season saw some 18.6 million Ha of bushland burn, 5,900 buildings destroyed and nearly three billion vertebrates killed. Gi4DM 2020 then was held during Covid-19 pandemic, which took the lives of more than 1,150,000 people by the time of the conference. The pandemic affected the organisation of the conference, but the situation also provided the opportunity to address important global problems.The fundamental goal of the Gi4DM has always been to provide a forum where emergency responders, disaster managers, urban planners, stakeholders, researchers, data providers and system developers can discuss challenges, share experience, discuss new ideas and demonstrate technology. The 12 previous editions of Gi4DM conferences were held in Delft, the Netherlands (March 2005), Goa, India (September 2006), Toronto, Canada (May 2007), Harbin, China (August 2008), Prague, Czech Republic (January 2009), Torino, Italy (February 2010), Antalya, Turkey (May 2011), Enschede, the Netherlands (December, 2012), Hanoi, Vietnam (December 2013), Montpellier, France (2015), Istanbul, Turkey (2018) and Prague, Czech Republic (2019). Through the years Gi4DM has been organised in cooperation with different international bodies such as ISPRS, UNOOSA, ICA, ISCRAM, FIG, IAG, OGC and WFP and supported by national organisations.Gi4DM 2020 was held as part of Climate Change and Disaster Management: Technology and Resilience for a Troubled World. The event took place through the whole week of 30th of November to 4th of December, Sydney, Australia and included three events: Gi4DM 2020, NSW Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute (NSW SSSI) annual meeting and Urban Resilience Asia Pacific 2 (URAP2).The event explored two interlinked aspects of disaster management in relation to climate change. The first was geo-information technologies and their application for work in crisis situations, as well as sensor and communication networks and their roles for improving situational awareness. The second aspect was resilience, and its role and purpose across the entire cycle of disaster management, from pre-disaster preparedness to post-disaster recovery including challenges and opportunities in relation to rapid urbanisation and the role of security in improved disaster management practices.This volume consists of 16 peer-reviewed scientific papers. These were selected on the basis of double-blind review from among the 25 full papers submitted to the Gi4DM 2020 conference. Each paper was reviewed by three scientific reviewers. The authors of the papers were encouraged to revise, extend and adapt their papers to reflect the comments of the reviewers and fit the goals of this volume. The selected papers concentrate on monitoring and analysis of forest fire (3), landslides (3), flood (2), earthquake, avalanches, water pollution, heat, evacuation and urban sustainability, applying a variety of remote sensing, GIS and Web-based technologies. Figure 1 illustrates the scope of the covered topics though the word count of keywords and titles.The Gi4DM 2020 program consisted of scientific presentations, keynote speeches, panel discussions and tutorials. The four keynotes speakers Prof Suzan Cutter (Hazard and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC, US), Jeremy Fewtrell (NSW Fire and Rescue, Australia), Prof Orhan Altan (Ad-hoc Committee on RISK and Disaster Management, GeoUnions, Turkey) and Prof Philip Gibbins (Fenner School of Environment and Society, ANU, Australia) concentrated on different aspects of disaster and risk management in the context of climate change. Eight tutorials offered exciting workshops and hands-on on: Semantic web tools and technologies within Disaster Management, Structure-from-motion photogrammetry, Radar Remote Sensing, Dam safety: Monitoring subsidence with SAR Interferometry, Location-based Augmented Reality apps with Unity and Mapbox, Visualising bush fires datasets using open source, Making data smarter to manage disasters and emergency situational awareness and Response using HERE Location Services. The scientific sessions were blended with panel discussions to provide more opportunities to exchange ideas and experiences, connect people and researchers from all over the world.The editors of this volume acknowledge all members of the scientific committee for their time, careful review and valuable comments: Abdoulaye Diakité (Australia), Alexander Rudloff (Germany), Alias Abdul Rahman (Malaysia), Alper Yilmaz (USA), Amy Parker (Australia), Ashraf Dewan (Australia), Bapon Shm Fakhruddin (New Zealand), Batuhan Osmanoglu (USA), Ben Gorte (Australia), Bo Huang (Hong Kong), Brendon McAtee (Australia), Brian Lee (Australia), Bruce Forster (Australia), Charity Mundava (Australia), Charles Toth (USA), Chris Bellman (Australia), Chris Pettit (Australia), Clive Fraser (Australia), Craig Glennie (USA), David Belton (Australia), Dev Raj Paudyal (Australia), Dimitri Bulatov (Germany), Dipak Paudyal (Australia), Dorota Iwaszczuk (Germany), Edward Verbree (The Netherlands), Eliseo Clementini (Italy), Fabio Giulio Tonolo (Italy), Fazlay Faruque (USA), Filip Biljecki (Singapore), Petra Helmholz (Australia), Francesco Nex (The Netherlands), Franz Rottensteiner (Germany), George Sithole (South Africa), Graciela Metternicht (Australia), Haigang Sui (China), Hans-Gerd Maas (Germany), Hao Wu (China), Huayi Wu (China), Ivana Ivanova (Australia), Iyyanki Murali Krishna (India), Jack Barton (Australia), Jagannath Aryal (Australia), Jie Jiang (China), Joep Compvoets (Belgium), Jonathan Li (Canada), Kourosh Khoshelham (Australia), Krzysztof Bakuła (Poland), Lars Bodum (Denmark), Lena Halounova (Czech Republic), Madhu Chandra (Germany), Maria Antonia Brovelli (Italy), Martin Breunig (Germany), Martin Tomko (Australia), Mila Koeva (The Netherlands), Mingshu Wang (The Netherlands), Mitko Aleksandrov (Australia), Mulhim Al Doori (UAE), Nancy Glenn (Australia), Negin Nazarian (Australia), Norbert Pfeifer (Austria), Norman Kerle (The Netherlands), Orhan Altan (Turkey), Ori Gudes (Australia), Pawel Boguslawski (Poland), Peter van Oosterom (The Netherlands), Petr Kubíček (Czech Republic), Petros Patias (Greece), Piero Boccardo (Italy), Qiaoli Wu (China), Qing Zhu (China), Riza Yosia Sunindijo (Australia), Roland Billen (Belgium), Rudi Stouffs (Singapore), Scott Hawken (Australia), Serene Coetzee (South Africa), Shawn Laffan (Australia), Shisong Cao (China), Sisi Zlatanova (Australia), Songnian Li (Canada), Stephan Winter (Australia), Tarun Ghawana (Australia), Ümit Işıkdağ (Turkey), Wei Li (Australia), Wolfgang Reinhardt (Germany), Xianlian Liang (Finland) and Yanan Liu (China).The editors would like to express their gratitude to all contributors, who made this volume possible. Many thanks go to all supporting organisations: ISPRS, SSSI, URAP2, Blackash, Mercury and ISPRS Journal of Geoinformation. The editors are grateful to the continued support of the involved Universities: The University of New South Wales, Curtin University, Australian National University and The University of Melbourne.
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Kamenetski, Anna, Vicky Tzuyin Lai, and Monique Flecken. "Minding the manner: Attention to motion events in Turkish–Dutch early bilinguals." Language and Cognition, May 18, 2022, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2022.10.
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Abstract Languages differ in the way motion events are encoded. In satellite-framed languages, motion verbs typically encode manner, while in verb-framed languages, path. We investigated the ways in which satellite-framed Dutch and verb-framed Turkish co-determine one’s attention to motion events in early bilinguals. In an EEG oddball paradigm, Turkish–Dutch bilinguals (n = 25) and Dutch controls (n = 27) watched short video clips of motion events, followed by a still picture that matched the preceding video in four ways (oddball design: 10% full match, 10% manner match, 10% endpoint match, and 70% full mismatch). We found that both groups showed similar oddball P300 effects, associated with task-related attention. Group differences were revealed in a late positivity (LP): The endpoint-match elicited a larger LP than the manner-match in the bilinguals, which may reflect language-driven attention. Our results indicate that cross-linguistic manner encoding difference impacts attention at a later stage.
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"High-speed motion picture photography analysis in 3D - A new approach to analysing full scale blasts." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30, no. 1 (February 1993): A43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90502-5.
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Proctor, Len. "MacroMind Director." Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, January 15, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28735.
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The MacroMind Director is a software package designed to turn the Macintosh into a sophisticated multimedia production studio. While other computer graphics packages do a very credible job of assisting the user to create and present computer generated slides or overhead transparencies, few tools allow the user to combine the attributes of sound, animation and graphics in one document. The MacroMind Director is one presentation authoring package that does have this kind of flexibility. It can be used to create presentations that range in complexity from the production of a simple black and white title slide to a full color, animated motion picture production with an accompanying sound track.
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Zhang, Yutong, and Haiming Zhang. "Excitation of Rayleigh wave and Love wave in double-layered half-space." Geophysical Journal International, July 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac276.
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Summary In this paper, we report on the seismogram synthesis of Rayleigh wave and Love wave in horizontally double-layered elastic half-space. For purpose of analytically extracting surface wave components from full-wavefield, we firstly derive a compact expression of Green's function in this medium, from which the excitation formulae of Rayleigh wave and Love wave are then obtained. Secondly, adopting a set of medium parameters close to those of the Earth, and with Rayleigh poles and Love poles solved in complex domain, we manage to compute synthetic seismograms of the two surface waves separately. Their phase-velocity dispersion and particle motion are also explored. For Rayleigh wave, the senior modes behave rather differently from the fundamental mode. While different Love modes share similar patterns, which are generally in conformity with the classic picture.
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Richer, Robert, Veronika Koch, Luca Abel, Felicitas Hauck, Miriam Kurz, Veronika Ringgold, Victoria Müller, et al. "Machine learning-based detection of acute psychosocial stress from body posture and movements." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (April 8, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59043-1.
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AbstractInvestigating acute stress responses is crucial to understanding the underlying mechanisms of stress. Current stress assessment methods include self-reports that can be biased and biomarkers that are often based on complex laboratory procedures. A promising additional modality for stress assessment might be the observation of body movements, which are affected by negative emotions and threatening situations. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between acute psychosocial stress induction and body posture and movements. We collected motion data from N = 59 individuals over two studies (Pilot Study: N = 20, Main Study: N = 39) using inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based motion capture suits. In both studies, individuals underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a stress-free control condition (friendly-TSST; f-TSST) in randomized order. Our results show that acute stress induction leads to a reproducible freezing behavior, characterized by less overall motion as well as more and longer periods of no movement. Based on these data, we trained machine learning pipelines to detect acute stress solely from movement information, achieving an accuracy of $${75.0 \pm 17.7}{\%}$$ 75.0 ± 17.7 % (Pilot Study) and $${73.4 \pm 7.7}{\%}$$ 73.4 ± 7.7 % (Main Study). This, for the first time, suggests that body posture and movements can be used to detect whether individuals are exposed to acute psychosocial stress. While more studies are needed to further validate our approach, we are convinced that motion information can be a valuable extension to the existing biomarkers and can help to obtain a more holistic picture of the human stress response. Our work is the first to systematically explore the use of full-body body posture and movement to gain novel insights into the human stress response and its effects on the body and mind.