Academic literature on the topic 'Full-sib average'
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Journal articles on the topic "Full-sib average"
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Viana, José Marcelo Soriano. "Breeding strategies for recurrent selection of maize." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 10 (October 2007): 1383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007001000003.
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The objectives of this work were to analyze theoretical genetic gains of maize due to recurrent selection among full-sib and half-sib families, obtained by Design I, Full-Sib Design and Half-Sib Design, and genotypic variability and gene loss with long term selection. The designs were evaluated by simulation, based on average estimated gains after ten selection cycles. The simulation process was based on seven gene systems with ten genes (with distinct degrees of dominance), three population classes (with different gene frequencies), under three environmental conditions (heritability values), and four selection strategies. Each combination was repeated ten times, amounting to 25, 200 simulations. Full-sib selection is generally more efficient than half-sib selection, mainly with favorable dominant genes. The use of full-sib families derived by Design I is generally more efficient than using progenies obtained by Full-Sib Design. Using Design I with 50 males and 200 females (effective size of 160) did not result in improved populations with minimum genotypic variability. In the populations with lower effective size (160 and 400) the loss of favorable genes was restricted to recessive genes with reduced frequencies.
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Melo, Dheyne Silva, César Augusto Brasil Pereira Pinto, Leandro Santos Peixouto, Diogo Gonçalves Neder, and Josiane Cristina de Assis. "Early selection of full-sib potato families." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, no. 6 (December 2011): 1101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000600009.
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Clonal selection is the preferred breeding method used in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). However this selection procedure is only efficient for more advanced generations and shows no good results when applied in the seedling up to the second clonal generation. This study assessed the feasibility of selection in early generations of full-sib potato families and compares the selection method among and within families with the combined selection under different selection intensities. Six experiments were conducted from the first (C1) until the third clonal generation (C3). In C1 a randomized complete block design with four replications of 25 plants was used. In the remaining generations RCB was employed with three replications of 10 plants. Genetic variances were lower between families than within families, for all traits, but the heritabilities between families were almost always larger. The expected gains from selection between and within families were superior to gains from the combined selection in any intensity of selection. The selection of families should have weaker intensity than selection among clones within families. The selection of families was more efficient when based on the average of environments.
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Mullin, T. J. "Genotype–nitrogen interactions in full-sib seedlings of black spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-167.
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Genotype–environment interactions were investigated in 40 full-sib black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) families grown in a greenhouse for 25 weeks under three levels of nitrogen fertility. Large general combining ability components of variance indicated that much of the genetic variance was additive. Heritability estimates were also high, with narrow-sense heritabilities of 0.35 for 25-week height growth and 0.15 for ovendry weight. Specific combining ability, reciprocal, and maternal effects were negligible for all but very early seed and growth characters. Statistically significant family × nitrogen interaction components were detected for all growth variables. Stability analysis using regression suggested that these interactions were due more to differences in degree of expression of genetic variation than to extreme changes in rank. Generally, the families that ranked in the top 10% at the highest nitrogen level were above average at all other levels.
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Fu, Yong-Bi, Alvin D. Yanchuk, and Gene Namkoong. "Incomplete block designs for genetic testing: some practical considerations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 1871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-176.
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Full-sib progeny and clonal trials to evaluate family and clone performance were simulated on a test site with various patterns of environmental variation to examine the effectiveness of randomized incomplete block designs (ICBs) under different design parameters (constant block size, variable block size, block shape and orientation, and family size). Simulations showed that blocks of fixed size 5-20 were effective in removing most site variation in a test with 120 full-sib families of three seedlings per family. Slight variations in block size did not affect the precision of mean estimations much when blocks were considered random. Square blocks were more effective than either column or row blocks in removing both patchy variation and gradients in one direction. With blocks of fixed size 10, increasing family size from 3 to 12 (at the expense of family number, which dropped from 120 to 30) reduced the average variance of family mean contrasts by 75%; most of this reduction (>50%) was achieved at 6 seedlings per family. The differences in precision of mean estimation between full-sib progeny and clonal trials were small with respect to the design parameters and patterns of site variation examined.
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Marcu, Nicu, Marius Budeanu, Ecaterina Nicoleta Apostol, and Raul Gheorghe Radu. "Valuation of the Economic Benefits from Using Genetically Improved Forest Reproductive Materials in Afforestation." Forests 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040382.
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The research objective was to demonstrate the economic impact of using, in afforestation, forest reproductive materials (FRMs) obtained from seed trees selected in the most valuable Norway spruce populations of the FGRs’ (forest genetic resources’) category. The values obtained for the main growth traits (diameter at breast height (Dbh), tree height (Th), and tree volume (Tv)), both in the FGR and in the closest population (with the same age and growth in similar environmental conditions), were compared. Three comparative trials were analyzed, each belonging to different breeding levels: Open-pollinated (Breţcu, 40 years old), half-sib (Măneciu, 25 years), and full-sib (Comandău, 23 years). The difference in volume/hectare between the FGR and an unimproved neighbor population was economically quantified (€), based on the average price per cubic meter (m3) of spruce wood in Romania; the profit at the end of the rotation period (110 years) was projected taking into account the genetic gain that will result from the use of FRM collected from the FGRs. The average FGR growth results were superior to the unimproved neighbor populations, with 8%–13%, 14%–25%, and 26%–79% for Dbh, Th, and volume/ha, respectively, and the differences increased if the best 10% seed trees of the trials were used. For Th, a five times higher family mean heritability was registered for the pendula trees (compared to pyramidalis) in the half-sib trial, while in the full-sib experiment, the pendula trees (both full and half pendula) again registered higher heritability, but for Dbh, which recommends the pendula selection for different traits in the two trials. These results have led to a rate of profitability between 540 and 3366 €/ha, a value that is predicted to increase until the end of the rotation period, when the genetic gain could generate a profit of 7560 €/ha.
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Mielenz, N., V. Nurgiartiningsih, M. Schmutz, and L. Schüler. "Schätzung von Varianzkomponenten mit Gruppenmittelwerten am Beispiel von Legehennen, gehalten in Gruppenkäfigen." Archives Animal Breeding 46, no. 5 (October 10, 2003): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-46-491-2003.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimation of variance components from group mean records of laying hens housed in group cages Two models are presented to estimate variance components if only group mean records are available. The first model accounts for additive genetic relationships and full-sib group effects (SIMIANER and GJERDE, 1991) and the second model contains the additive genetic effects of all animals from one cage by using modified design matrices. Estimates of the genetic parameters were obtained by the MIVQUE-method (RAO, 1971; LAMOTTE, 1973). The variances of the estimated heritabilities were derived from the information matrix. Estimations from individual records and from average records (cage average) were compared in a small application on laying hen data. The analysed trait was single egg weight measured on hens housed in group cages. It could be shown: If cage variance is negligible, than for the estimation of the heritabilities full-sib data can be used successfully. The application of the modified animal model is suggested, because this model can take into account more complex relationships between the animals of one cage.
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Caballero, Armando, Alison M. Etheridge, and William G. Hill. "The time of detection of recessive visible genes with non-random mating." Genetical Research 60, no. 3 (December 1992): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030950.
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SummaryExpressions for the probability and average time of detection of a recessive visible gene in populations where there is partial selfing or partial full-sib mating are presented. A small increase in the proportion of inbred matings greatly reduces the average time until detection and increases the proportion detected. Unless the proportion of inbred matings or the population size is very small, the time and proportion detected are approximately independent of the population size.
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Li, Peng, Louis Parrot, and Jean Bousquet. "Introduction of black walnut in southern Quebec: evaluation of 21-year-old full-sib families." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-160.
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Black walnut (Juglansnigra L.) was introduced in the Québec City area 110 years ago. In the present study, we investigated performance of five full-sib families from controlled crosses among five selected cold-hardy parent trees of the introduced population. The number of seeds set per pollination bag averaged three, and seed germination was high (90%). At one fertile site close to the original plantation, the families showed normal growth, high survival rate, and good adaptability, as indicated by minimal frost damage. The average height was 3.1 m at 11 years, and 8.7 m at 21 years, reaching the height observed in native stands of black walnut. Therefore, the parent trees and their progenies could be used to produce seed for planting on similar sites. The results of this study demonstrated the importance of cold hardiness when introducing species into the northern temperate climatic zone.
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Maze, Jack, Satindranath Banerjee, and Yousry A. El-Kassaby. "Variation in growth rate within and among full-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-021.
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Variation in growth rate in the four uppermost lateral branches of seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco was greatest among individuals within full-sib families. These results are consistent with those from other studies on conifers indicating there is much more within- than among-intraspecific group variation. Since these seedlings were grown in a common garden, it is assumed that the among-individual variation has a genetic basis. The greatest growth rate was in seedlings produced by crossing trees that had the highest average increments of growth; the lowest growth rate was in seedlings produced by crossing trees that had the lowest average increments of growth. However, the seedlings with the lowest growth rate were similar to those produced by crosses between trees with high average increments of growth. This implies that phenotypically superior trees, as assessed in a natural situation, do not necessarily produce superior offspring in their second year of growth. The high within-family variation coupled with the ontogenetic events associated with growth rate implies a complex multigenic control of growth rate. The genetic complexity of an apparently simple developmental event such as growth in length implies that evolutionary or developmental models based on a small portion of the genome may be inadequate.
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Beaulieu, J., and M. Bernier-Cardou. "Comparison of early height growth between white spruce seedlings and rooted cuttings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 3246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-170.
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Early height growth of eastern white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) rooted cuttings was compared with that of seedlings using annual measurements collected over 5 years in a farm field test replicated on three sites. The experiment included 148 full-sib families obtained from controlled crossings of superior trees selected for a white spruce breeding population in Quebec. Fifteen additional seedlots were used as controls. The average growth rate of seedlings (37.3 cm·year–1) was slightly larger than that of rooted cuttings (36.2 cm·year–1). The yearly growth rate increased over the test period, and it did so at a somewhat higher rate for the seedlings. The relative size of the estimated variance components and the moderate rank correlations of full-sib family height growth features between the two propagule types suggest that tree breeders should favour seedlings over rooted cuttings to rank families for selection purposes, but vegetative propagation would prove useful for bulking up scarce valuable genotypes.
Conference papers on the topic "Full-sib average"
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Gudmestad, Ove T., Arne Gürtner, and Ada Rpetto Llamazares. "Protection Barrier for Shallow Arctic Waters." In SNAME 8th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-117.
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Hydrocarbon discoveries in the shallow waters of the Northern Caspian Sea have caused intensive drilling activities to be carried out to explore the potentials. Experience with mobile drilling units in the seasonally ice infested waters hitherto originates from the drilling campaigns of the Sunkar drilling barge at Kashagan and Kalamkas. However, with increased drilling activities upcoming, innovative drilling concepts are desirable due to the objective of maintaining drilling operations (of production wells) also during the ice period with the use of conventional non-ice-resistant drilling platforms. The employment of external Shoulder Ice Barriers (SIBs) to protect a conventional jack-up drilling rig from the hazards of drifting ice in shallow water is discussed. Model tests on the SIB were performed in the large ice tank of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) during July 2007. These tests were performed to investigate the conceptual design under ice impact. The characteristic shoulder sections' inclination was varied to investigate the shoulder’s contribution towards stabilizing broken ice and to prevent ice from over-riding. Ice up-riding onto the barrier contributes towards increased vertical forces. The global vertical forces showed to be higher than the global horizontal forces, and in particular when ice grounding was observed. Even under extreme rubble heights of up to 9.4 m (full scale), ice overtopping the structure was effectively prevented. The SIB showed the potential to be utilized as ice protection structure for future shallow water developments. Finally, the stability on the sea bottom was investigated. The conclusion being that the concept will perform well on average to strong soils but needs to have a larger foot print area in very soft soils condition. This paper thus documents, on a feasibility level, the concept of ice protection in shallow water by means of the SIB. This paper presents a summary study of the design and verification work performed with regard to the feasibility of an innovative design.
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Repetto-Llamazares, Ada H. V., Ove T. Gudmestad, Arne Gu¨rtner, and Knut V. Ho̸yland. "Shoulder Ice Barrier Ice Tank Testing—Part II: Estimation of Breaking Length and Block Size Using Image Analysis." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79140.
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When studying ice interaction on sloped structures, a key parameter that is usually reported after experiments and observations either in Full Scale or Model Scale is the breaking length associated with the ice failure. Moreover, either for numerical modeling or load calculations the size of the blocks generated during ice-structure interaction that accumulates rubble is of importance. In this paper, the technique of image analysis has been used to obtain values of the breaking length and the ice block sizes generated during model tests of a Shoulder Ice Barrier (SIB)-ice interaction. The model tests were performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) during July 2007. Since the SIB represents a new concept in ice barrier structures, model tests were intended to evaluate its general performance. A brief description of the model tests and the image analysis technique used to analyze the data is done. A total of five experiments where ice thickness, ice flexural strength and shoulder inclination were varied, are analyzed. Results of the breaking length analysis show that there is a characteristic change in the breaking length associated with the transition from ice interactions on the bare structure (Phase 1) and interaction onto accumulated rubble (Phase 2). Average values of the breaking length of both phases for each experiment are presented. Since the information regarding breaking length in structures that accumulate rubble is sparse, the experimental results of Phase 1, where the rubble accumulation is still small, are compared with the predictions from three different models presented in the literature for sloped structures, under similar ice conditions, that do not accumulate rubble. The comparison allows concluding that the breaking phenomenon is being reasonably well modeled in the experiments. The block sizes of the upper layer of the accumulated rubble were analyzed and the block length and width distributions were found for each experiment. A linear trend was found between block size and ice thickness. A linear fitting of the data was performed in order to obtain simple equations which give an upper limit of the length and width of the ice blocks generated during the SIB-ice interaction as function of the ice thickness. The results may apply for ice interaction on sloped structures in general as well.