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Published: 14 March 2023

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1

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., Fredonia (N Y. ), and O'Brien & Gere., eds. Full-scale demonstration of selector contact stabilization process Village of Fredonia Wastewater Treatment Plant: Final report. Albany, N.Y: The Authority, 1999.

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2

1928-, Kaufman Albert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. Develop and test fuel cell powered on site integrated total energy systems: Phase III, full-scale power plant development : 18th quarterly report, August-October 1985. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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3

Truppi, Lawrence E. EPA complex terrain model development: Description of a computer data base from the Full Scale Plume Study, Tracy Power Plant, Nevada. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1987.

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4

Troxel, S. W. Observations of plume dispersion in complex terrain by NOAA lidar during the 1984 Full Scale Plume Study at Tracy Power Plant. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1986.

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5

), Rosendale (N Y. Full-scale demonstration of selector-contact stabilization process at Town of Rosendale Wastewater Treatment Plant, Ulster County, New York: Final report. Albany, N.Y: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 2005.

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6

Pearl, Mike. Review of pilot and full scale soil washing plants. Abingdon: National Environmental Technology Centre, 1994.

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7

Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Economic analysis of a demonstration-scale ethanol plant in Gatineau, Quebec. Ottawa, Ont: Efficiency and Alternative Energy Technology Branch, Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1992.

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8

Christensen, Erik Niels. Plans and specifications for a full-scale towing model validation experiment. Springfield, Va: Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1989.

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9

Mangs, Johan. Full-scale fire experiments on vertical and horizontal cable trays. Espoo, [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1997.

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10

Mangs, Johan. Full-scale fire experiments on vertical and horizontal cable trays. Espoo, [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1997.

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11

Hillberg, Seppo. Full scale loop seal experiments with TRACE V5 Patch 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2011.

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12

J, Santhanam C., ed. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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13

1938-, Santhanam Chakra J., and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory., eds. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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14

1938-, Santhanam Chakra J., and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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15

1938-, Santhanam Chakra J., and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory., eds. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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16

Shariff, Riyaz. Real-time artificial intelligence control and optimization of a full-scale WTP. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2006.

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17

AWWA Seminar on Coagulation and Filtration: Pilot to Full Scale (1987 Kansas City, Mo.). Proceedings: AWWA Seminar on Coagulation and Filtration: Pilot to Full Scale : annual conference, Kansas City, MO, June 14, 1987. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1987.

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18

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Test plans, GCPS task 4, subtask 4.2, thrust structure development. [Downey, Calif.]: Rockwell Aerospace, Space Systems Division, 1994.

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19

Lazic, Zivorad R. Full Scale Plant Optimization in Chemical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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20

Lazic, Zivorad R. Full Scale Plant Optimization in Chemical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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21

Lazic, Zivorad R. Full Scale Plant Optimization in Chemical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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22

Lazic, Zivorad R. Full Scale Plant Optimization in Chemical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2023.

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23

Smith, M., and M. S. Morell. Microwave Vitrification: The Development of the Evaporation Stage of a Full Scale Inactive Plant. AEA Technology Plc, 1986.

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24

Wilsey, Brian J. Factors Maintaining and Regulating Grassland Structure and Function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0003.

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Intrinsic disturbances are processes that have occurred on an evolutionary time scale, and include fire, wind-damage, digging or burrowing by fossorial mammals, defoliation, and trampling by native large mammals. Grassland species evolved with intrinsic disturbances, and they can be important in maintaining grassland community structure and functioning. Adaptations to fire include short herbaceous stature, high allocation belowground, ability to resprout, and smoke-induced seed germination. Fire interacts with grazing because grazing reduces litter (fuel) load, and fires affect forage quality. Plants can tolerate some level of herbivory in most grasslands. Adaptations that enable grassland plants to resist grazing are similar to plant adaptations to fire. Drought can affect grasslands at a variety of time scales. Vegetative reproduction can allow rapid recolonization after droughts have ended. Plowing is the most common disturbance affecting grasslands, and it has been used to transform native grasslands into crop fields and simplified pasture.

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25

Sillanpää, Mika, and Marina Shestakova. Electrochemical Water Treatment Methods: Fundamentals, Methods and Full Scale Applications. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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26

Electrochemical Water Treatment Methods: Fundamentals, Methods and Full Scale Applications. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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27

Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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28

Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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29

Gu, April Z. Protocol to Evaluate Alternative External Carbon Sources for Denitrification at Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants. IWA Publishing, 2010.

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30

Szubel, Mateusz, and Mariusz Filipowicz. Biomass in Small-Scale Energy Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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31

Najm, Issam N. Case Studies of the Impacts of Treatment Changes on Biostability in Full Scale Distribution Systems. Amer Water Works Assn, 2000.

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32

Szubel, Mateusz, and Mariusz Filipowicz. Biomass in Small-Scale Energy Applications: Theory and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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33

Biomass in Small-Scale Energy Applications: Theory and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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34

Szubel, Mateusz, and Mariusz Filipowicz. Biomass in Small-Scale Energy Applications: Theory and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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35

Szubel, Mateusz, and Mariusz Filipowicz. Biomass in Small-Scale Energy Applications: Theory and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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36

Proceedings: AWWA Seminar on Coagulation and Filtration: Pilot to Full Scale : Annual conference, Kansas City, MO, June 14, 1987 (AWWA seminar proceedings). American Water Works Association, 1987.

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37

Falcone, Jessica Marie. Battling the Buddha of Love. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501723469.001.0001.

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This ethnography explores the controversial plans and practices of the Maitreya Project, as they worked to build the “world's tallest statue” as a multi-million dollar “gift” to India. This effort entailed a plan to forcibly acquire hundreds of acres of occupied land for the statue park in the Kushinagar area of Uttar Pradesh. The Buddhist statue planners ran into obstacle after obstacle, including a full-scale grassroots resistance movement of Indian farmers working to “Save the Land.” In telling the “life story” of the proposed statue, the book sheds light on the aspirations, values and practices of both the Buddhists who worked to construct the statue, as well as the Indian farmer-activists who tirelessly protested against it. Since the majority of the supporters of the Maitreya Project statue are “non-heritage” practitioners to Tibetan Buddhism, the book narrates the spectacular collision of cultural values between small agriculturalists in rural India and transnational Buddhists from around the world. The book endeavors to show the cultural logics at work on both sides of the controversy. Thus, this ethnography of a future statue of the Maitreya Buddha—himself the “future Buddha”—is a story about divergent, competing visions of Kushinagar’s potential futures.

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38

Stroud, Louise A., and Elizabeth M. Green, eds. Griffiths III – A Case Study Book for Practitioners. Hogrefe Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/00591-000.

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Make full use of the Griffiths III with this detailed case study book Written by leading practitioners Introduces the psychometric properties Details how to use the test Outlines case studies for children with different abilities from 10 different countries Includes summaries and chapter review questions Color sections and illustrations Apply the Griffiths III more effectively Written by world renowned practitioners of the Griffiths Scales of Child Development, Third Edition (Griffiths III), this volume presents individual case studies to assist practitioners and trainees in making full use the Griffiths III to comprehensively assess a child’s development. Practitioners will learn about tracking and monitoring development and how to measure the impact of intervention – creating more informed decisions about the management and placement of the child. Two introductory chapters examine the Griffiths III as a child development assessment tool, looking in detail at its psychometric properties and how to use the test to interpret, plan, and understand a child’s performance as well as the child’s strengths and challenges. Grouped according to five color zones for ease of reading, 15 case studies are presented for children with a wide range of abilities and from 10 different countries. The book is based on four conceptual frameworks: the ICF-CY, ESSENCE, the link between function and intervention, and Ruth Griffith’s Avenues of Learning theory. Throughout the examples, the perspective of the child is placed at the center and their voices are included in the plans described. Key concepts, points of importance, and questions for the reader are included at the end of each chapter. The book is aimed at practitioners of the Griffiths III, but it is also of interest to a wider range of developmental practitioners, including child psychologists, child psychiatrists, pediatricians, and child psychotherapists.

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39

Deutschmann, Emanuel. Mapping the Transnational World. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691226491.001.0001.

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Increasingly, people travel and communicate across borders. Yet, we still know little about the overall structure of this transnational world. Is it really a fully globalized world in which everything is linked, as popular catchphrases like “global village” suggest? Through a sweeping comparative analysis of eight types of mobility and communication among countries worldwide—from migration and tourism to Facebook friendships and phone calls—this book demonstrates that our behavior is actually regionalized, not globalized. The book shows that transnational activity within world regions is not so much the outcome of political, cultural, or economic factors, but is driven primarily by geographic distance. It explains that the spatial structure of transnational human activity follows a simple mathematical function, the power law, a pattern that also fits the movements of many other animal species on the planet. Moreover, this pattern remained extremely stable during the five decades studied—1960 to 2010. Unveiling proximity-induced regionalism as a major feature of planet-scale networks of transnational human activity, the book provides a crucial corrective to several fields of research. Revealing why a truly global society is unlikely to emerge, the book highlights the essential role of interaction beyond borders on a planet that remains spatially fragmented.

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40

Deudney, Daniel. Dark Skies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903343.001.0001.

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Dark Skies is the first work to assess the full impacts of space expansion, past, present, and future. Thinking about space, and the visions fervently promoted by the global space movement, is dominated by geographic misperceptions and utopian illusions. The parts of space where almost all activity has occurred are part of the planet Earth, its astrosphere, and, in practical terms, are smaller than the atmosphere. Contrary to frontier visions, orbital space is already congested and degraded with dangerous space debris. The largest impact of actual space activities is an increased likelihood of catastrophic nuclear war stemming from the use of orbital space and space technology to lob nuclear weapons at intercontinental distances. Building large-scale orbital infrastructures will probably require or produce world government. The ultimate goal of space advocates, the colonization of Mars and asteroids, is promoted to guarantee the survival of humanity if major catastrophes strike Earth. But the spread of humanity into a multiplanet species will likely produce an interstate anarchy highly prone to total war, with Earth having many disadvantages. Altering the orbits of asteroids, a readily achievable technology vital for space colonization, also makes possible “planetoid bombs” with destructive potentials millions of times greater than all nuclear weapons. The biological diversification of humanity into multiple species, anticipated by space advocates, will further stoke interworld wars. Astrocide—the extinction of humanity resulting from significant space expansion—must join the lengthening list of potential threats to human survival. Large-scale space expansion should be relinquished in favor of an Earth-oriented space program of arms control and planetary security.

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41

Sengupta, Ramprasad. Entropy Law, Sustainability, and Third Industrial Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121143.001.0001.

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In mankind’s relentless quest for prosperity, Nature has suffered great damage. It has been treated as an inexhaustible reserve of resources. The indefinite scale of global expansion is still continuing and now the earth’s very survival is under threat. But against this exploitation of nature, there is the concept of entropy, which places a finite limit on the extent to which resources can be used in any closed system, such as our planet. Considering the impact of entropy, this book examines the key issues of sustainability—social, economic, and environmental. It discusses the social dimension of sustainability, showing how it is impacted by issues of economic inequality, poverty, and other socio-economic and infrastructural factors in the Indian context. It also highlights how Indian households suffer from clean energy poverty and points to the inequality in distribution of different fuels and of fuel cost among households. It assesses India’s power sector and its potential to be a significant player in bringing the Third Industrial Revolution to India by replacing fossil fuels with new renewables. It concludes by projecting power sector scenarios till 2041–42 achievable through alternative, realizable policy with respect to energy conservation and fuel substitution, and thus paves the way for the green power.

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42

Pieth, Mark. Finance and the “Shadow Economy”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458331.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on corruption in the banking and finance industry, and the steps that have been taken to combat the problem. Overall the financial services industry carries a heavy responsibility for large-scale corruption. Financial intermediaries and banks are used typically in grand corruption schemes by corporations, let alone by kleptocratic regimes, and frequently, they are fully aware of what they are involved in. To prevent them from being inadvertently used for such purposes, compliance systems need to be in place reacting to the specific risks related to graft and corruption by clients. Rules need to be implemented and applied, which can be a challenging task for an industry above all interested in making money. The authors discuss “slush funds,” the development and infiltration of money laundering, and how the FATF established an action plan to deal with this issue. They evaluate the current status of rules against corruption-money laundering.

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43

Longridge, C. Nepean. The Cutty Sark, The Last Of The Famous Tea Clippers V1: An Account Of The Ship Itself, With Plans And Full Instructions For Building The Hull, Bulwarks And Deck Fittings Of A Scale Model. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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44

Cook, Peter, ed. Geologically Storing Carbon. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486302314.

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Carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) is presently the only way that we can make deep cuts in emissions from fossil fuel-based, large-scale sources of CO2 such as power stations and industrial plants. But if this technology is to be acceptable to the community, it is essential that it is credibly demonstrated by world-class scientists and engineers in an open and transparent manner at a commercially significant scale. The aim of the Otway Project was to do just this. Geologically Storing Carbon provides a detailed account of the CO2CRC Otway Project, one of the most comprehensive demonstrations of the deep geological storage or geosequestration of carbon dioxide undertaken anywhere. This book of 18 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts in the field is concerned with outstanding science, but it is not just a collection of scientific papers – it is about 'learning by doing'. For example, it explains how the project was organised, managed, funded and constructed, as well as the approach taken to community issues, regulations and approvals. It also describes how to understand the site: Are the rocks mechanically suitable? Will the CO2 leak? Is there enough storage capacity? Is monitoring effective? This is the book for geologists, engineers, regulators, project developers, industry, communities or anyone who wants to better understand how a carbon storage project really 'works'. It is also for people concerned with obtaining an in-depth appreciation of one of the key technology options for decreasing greenhouse emissions to the atmosphere.

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45

Matthews, Russell Stuart. The structural behaviour of brick sewer pipes in soft ground: The examination of brick and reinforced plastic pipes, in granular soil, and under plane strain conditions, using fully non-linear finite element models and a large-scale physical testing programme. Bradford, 1985.

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46

Dube, Opha Pauline. Climate Policy and Governance across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.605.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.Africa, a continent with the largest number of countries falling under the category of Least Developed Countries (LDCs), remains highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture that suffers from low intake of water, exacerbating the vulnerability to climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. The increasing frequency and severity of climate extremes impose major strains on the economies of these countries. The loss of livelihoods due to interaction of climate change with existing stressors is elevating internal and cross-border migration. The continent is experiencing rapid urbanization, and its cities represent the most vulnerable locations to climate change due in part to incapacitated local governance. Overall, the institutional capacity to coordinate, regulate, and facilitate development in Africa is weak. The general public is less empowered to hold government accountable. The rule of law, media, and other watchdog organizations, and systems of checks and balances are constrained in different ways, contributing to poor governance and resulting in low capacity to respond to climate risks.As a result, climate policy and governance are inseparable in Africa, and capacitating the government is as essential as establishing climate policy. With the highest level of vulnerability to climate change compared with the rest of the world, governance in Africa is pivotal in crafting and implementing viable climate policies.It is indisputable that African climate policy should focus first and foremost on adaptation to climate change. It is pertinent, therefore, to assess Africa’s governance ability to identify and address the continent’s needs for adaptation. One key aspect of effective climate policy is access to up-to-date and contextually relevant information that encompasses indigenous knowledge. African countries have endeavored to meet international requirements for reports such as the National Communications on Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities and the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). However, the capacity to deliver on-time quality reports is lacking; also the implementation, in particular integration of adaptation plans into the overall development agenda, remains a challenge. There are a few successes, but overall adaptation operates mainly at project level. Furthermore, the capacity to access and effectively utilize availed international resources, such as extra funding or technology transfer, is limited in Africa.While the continent is an insignificant source of emissions on a global scale, a more forward looking climate policy would require integrating adaptation with mitigation to put in place a foundation for transformation of the development agenda, towards a low carbon driven economy. Such a futuristic approach calls for a comprehensive and robust climate policy governance that goes beyond climate to embrace the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Both governance and climate policy in Africa will need to be viewed broadly, encompassing the process of globalization, which has paved the way to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The question is, what should be the focus of climate policy and governance across Africa under the Anthropocene era?

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47

Sobczyk, Eugeniusz Jacek. Uciążliwość eksploatacji złóż węgla kamiennego wynikająca z warunków geologicznych i górniczych. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/onermin/0222.

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Hard coal mining is characterised by features that pose numerous challenges to its current operations and cause strategic and operational problems in planning its development. The most important of these include the high capital intensity of mining investment projects and the dynamically changing environment in which the sector operates, while the long-term role of the sector is dependent on factors originating at both national and international level. At the same time, the conditions for coal mining are deteriorating, the resources more readily available in active mines are being exhausted, mining depths are increasing, temperature levels in pits are rising, transport routes for staff and materials are getting longer, effective working time is decreasing, natural hazards are increasing, and seams with an increasing content of waste rock are being mined. The mining industry is currently in a very difficult situation, both in technical (mining) and economic terms. It cannot be ignored, however, that the difficult financial situation of Polish mining companies is largely exacerbated by their high operating costs. The cost of obtaining coal and its price are two key elements that determine the level of efficiency of Polish mines. This situation could be improved by streamlining the planning processes. This would involve striving for production planning that is as predictable as possible and, on the other hand, economically efficient. In this respect, it is helpful to plan the production from operating longwalls with full awareness of the complexity of geological and mining conditions and the resulting economic consequences. The constraints on increasing the efficiency of the mining process are due to the technical potential of the mining process, organisational factors and, above all, geological and mining conditions. The main objective of the monograph is to identify relations between geological and mining parameters and the level of longwall mining costs, and their daily output. In view of the above, it was assumed that it was possible to present the relationship between the costs of longwall mining and the daily coal output from a longwall as a function of onerous geological and mining factors. The monograph presents two models of onerous geological and mining conditions, including natural hazards, deposit (seam) parameters, mining (technical) parameters and environmental factors. The models were used to calculate two onerousness indicators, Wue and WUt, which synthetically define the level of impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in relation to: —— operating costs at longwall faces – indicator WUe, —— daily longwall mining output – indicator WUt. In the next research step, the analysis of direct relationships of selected geological and mining factors with longwall costs and the mining output level was conducted. For this purpose, two statistical models were built for the following dependent variables: unit operating cost (Model 1) and daily longwall mining output (Model 2). The models served two additional sub-objectives: interpretation of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables and point forecasting. The models were also used for forecasting purposes. Statistical models were built on the basis of historical production results of selected seven Polish mines. On the basis of variability of geological and mining conditions at 120 longwalls, the influence of individual parameters on longwall mining between 2010 and 2019 was determined. The identified relationships made it possible to formulate numerical forecast of unit production cost and daily longwall mining output in relation to the level of expected onerousness. The projection period was assumed to be 2020–2030. On this basis, an opinion was formulated on the forecast of the expected unit production costs and the output of the 259 longwalls planned to be mined at these mines. A procedure scheme was developed using the following methods: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – mathematical multi-criteria decision-making method, 2) comparative multivariate analysis, 3) regression analysis, 4) Monte Carlo simulation. The utilitarian purpose of the monograph is to provide the research community with the concept of building models that can be used to solve real decision-making problems during longwall planning in hard coal mines. The layout of the monograph, consisting of an introduction, eight main sections and a conclusion, follows the objectives set out above. Section One presents the methodology used to assess the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is reviewed and basic definitions used in the following part of the paper are introduced. The section includes a description of AHP which was used in the presented analysis. Individual factors resulting from natural hazards, from the geological structure of the deposit (seam), from limitations caused by technical requirements, from the impact of mining on the environment, which affect the mining process, are described exhaustively in Section Two. Sections Three and Four present the construction of two hierarchical models of geological and mining conditions onerousness: the first in the context of extraction costs and the second in relation to daily longwall mining. The procedure for valuing the importance of their components by a group of experts (pairwise comparison of criteria and sub-criteria on the basis of Saaty’s 9-point comparison scale) is presented. The AHP method is very sensitive to even small changes in the value of the comparison matrix. In order to determine the stability of the valuation of both onerousness models, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, which is described in detail in Section Five. Section Six is devoted to the issue of constructing aggregate indices, WUe and WUt, which synthetically measure the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in individual longwalls and allow for a linear ordering of longwalls according to increasing levels of onerousness. Section Seven opens the research part of the work, which analyses the results of the developed models and indicators in individual mines. A detailed analysis is presented of the assessment of the impact of onerous mining conditions on mining costs in selected seams of the analysed mines, and in the case of the impact of onerous mining on daily longwall mining output, the variability of this process in individual fields (lots) of the mines is characterised. Section Eight presents the regression equations for the dependence of the costs and level of extraction on the aggregated onerousness indicators, WUe and WUt. The regression models f(KJC_N) and f(W) developed in this way are used to forecast the unit mining costs and daily output of the designed longwalls in the context of diversified geological and mining conditions. The use of regression models is of great practical importance. It makes it possible to approximate unit costs and daily output for newly designed longwall workings. The use of this knowledge may significantly improve the quality of planning processes and the effectiveness of the mining process.

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