Relevant bibliographies by topics / Full-flow penetrometer

Academic literature on the topic 'Full-flow penetrometer'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Full-flow penetrometer"

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Boylan, N., M. Long, and F. A. J. M. Mathijssen. "In situ strength characterisation of peat and organic soil using full-flow penetrometers." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 7 (July 2011): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-023.

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Full-flow penetrometers have been shown to overcome problems experienced with the cone penetrometer when measuring resistance in very soft peat and organic soil, and give a much more uniform measure of resistance than the cone in fibrous peat. However, at present there is no guidance on the interpretation of strength parameters in these soils using the T-bar and ball. This paper examines the results of tests using these devices at two research sites in the Netherlands in conjunction with high-quality Sherbrooke sampling for laboratory testing. In fibrous peat, the T-bar and ball provided a more uniform measure of resistance with a lower degree of scatter than the cone. The in situ testing results have been compared with the laboratory tests to assess the range of resistance factors relating penetration resistance to the undrained shear strength (su) and have been shown to occupy a lower range of values than the cone penetrometer. However, penetration tests in these soils are likely to be influenced by partial drainage effects and this should be considered during testing and the subsequent interpretation of results. Recommendations are made for the use of full-flow penetrometers to obtain strength parameters in these soils.
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Suits, L. D., T. C. Sheahan, Jason DeJong, Nicholas Yafrate, Don DeGroot, Han Eng Low, and Mark Randolph. "Recommended Practice for Full-Flow Penetrometer Testing and Analysis." Geotechnical Testing Journal 33, no. 2 (2010): 102468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj102468.

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Low, Han Eng, and Mark F. Randolph. "Strength Measurement for Near-Seabed Surface Soft Soil Using Manually Operated Miniature Full-Flow Penetrometer." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136, no. 11 (November 2010): 1565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000379.

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Guo, Xingsen, Tingkai Nian, and Zhongde Gu. "A fluid mechanics approach to evaluating marine soft clay strength by a ball full-flow penetrometer." Applied Ocean Research 116 (November 2021): 102865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.102865.

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White, D. J., C. Gaudin, N. Boylan, and H. Zhou. "Interpretation of T-bar penetrometer tests at shallow embedment and in very soft soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 2 (February 2010): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-096.

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The cylindrical T-bar penetrometer was developed for profiling the undrained strength of soft soils in the centrifuge and is now a widely-used offshore site investigation tool. The conventional interpretation of the T-bar test is to convert the measured penetration resistance to soil strength using a single bearing factor associated with steady flow of soil around the bar. This paper describes a new analysis for the interpretation of T-bar penetrometer tests at shallow embedment and in soft soils, which is an increasingly significant consideration in the design of seabed infrastructure, including pipelines. The analysis captures two mechanisms that are usually neglected: (i) soil buoyancy and (ii) the reduced bearing factor arising from the shallow failure mechanism mobilized prior to the full flow of soil around the bar. The framework derives from theoretical considerations and is calibrated using large deformation finite element analyses. The depth at which the steady deep penetration condition is reached is shown to depend on the normalized soil strength, su/γ′D, and may be up to several diameters deep. The effect of this new procedure on the inferred soil strength compared with the conventional approach is illustrated through T-bar tests in three different centrifuge samples, spanning a range of strength ratios.
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Ghose, Ranajit. "A microelectromechanical system digital 3C array seismic cone penetrometer." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): WA99—WA107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0266.1.

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A digital 3C array seismic cone penetrometer has been developed for multidisciplinary geophysical and geotechnical applications. Seven digital triaxial microelectromechanical system accelerometers are installed at 0.25-m intervals to make a 1.5-m-long downhole seismic array. The accelerometers have a flat response up to 2 kHz. The seismic array is attached to a class 1 digital seismic cone, which measures cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, pore-pressure, and inclination. The downhole 3C array can be used together with impulsive seismic sources and/or high-frequency vibrators that are suitable for high-resolution shallow applications. Results from two field experiments showed that a good data quality, including a constant source function within an array, and a dense depth-sampling allowed robust estimation of seismic velocity profiles in the shallow subsoil. Using horizontal and vertical seismic sources, downhole 9C seismic array data can be easily acquired. The quality of the shear-wave data is much superior when the surface seismic source is a controlled, high-frequency vibrator in stead of a traditional sledge hammer. A remarkable correlation in depth, in a fine scale, between low-strain seismic shear wave velocity and high-strain cone tip resistance could be observed. The array measurements of the full-elastic wavefield and the broad spectral bandwidth are useful in investigating frequency-dependent seismic wave propagation in the porous near-surface soil layers, which is informative of the in situ fluid-flow properties. Stable estimates of dispersive seismic velocity and attenuation can be obtained.
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Tho, Kee Kiat, Chun Fai Leung, Yean Khow Chow, and Andrew Clennel Palmer. "Deep cavity flow mechanism of pipe penetration in clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 1 (January 2012): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-088.

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The evolution of penetration resistance as a function of penetration depth of a pipe into a cohesive seabed is of practical importance, particularly in the areas of pipeline on-bottom stability assessment and T-bar penetrometer data interpretation. In the past, this subject was addressed primarily in a discontinuous manner by separating the penetration response into two broad regimes of shallow and deep penetrations followed by deriving plasticity solutions assuming a simplified “wished-in-place” configuration. In this manner, the effects of evolving seabed topology and the progressive transition from a shallow failure mechanism to a deep failure mechanism are neglected. This paper aims to provide greater insights into the transition zone, which is especially important for the interpretation of T-bar test data at shallow depths. In this study, the penetration response of a smooth pipe over a wide range of normalized clay strengths is numerically simulated. A deep cavity flow mechanism where the bearing capacity factor is 12% less than the conventional full-flow mechanism is identified and found to be operative up to a depth of 10 pipe diameters under a certain combination of material properties. An analysis method is proposed to predict the load–penetration response for a given set of clay strengths and pipe diameters.
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DeJong, Jason T., Nicholas J. Yafrate, and Don J. DeGroot. "Evaluation of Undrained Shear Strength Using Full-Flow Penetrometers." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 137, no. 1 (January 2011): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000393.

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ZHOU, H., and M. F. RANDOLPH. "Numerical investigations into cycling of full-flow penetrometers in soft clay." Géotechnique 59, no. 10 (December 2009): 801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00200.

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Wang, Yue, Yuxia Hu, and Muhammad Shazzad Hossain. "Soil flow mechanisms of full-flow penetrometers in layered clays through particle image velocimetry analysis in centrifuge test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 11 (November 2020): 1719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0094.

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This paper reports the soil flow mechanisms observed in centrifuge tests around full-flow (T-bar and ball) penetrometers in layered clays. The layered clay samples consisted of soft–stiff, stiff–soft, soft–stiff–soft, and stiff–soft–stiff soil profiles. Particle image velocimetry (PIV), also known as digital image correlation (DIC), allowed accurate resolution of the flow mechanism around the faces of the T-bar and half-ball penetrated adjacent to a transparent window. For the T-bar, overall, a full symmetrical rotational flow around the T-bar dominated the behavior. A novel “trapped cavity mechanism” was revealed in stiff clay layers, with the evolution of the trapped cavity being tracked. No soil plug was trapped at the base of the advancing T-bar regardless of penetration from stiff to soft layer or the reverse. For the ball, two key features of the soil flow mechanism were identified, including (i) a combination of vertical flow, cavity expansion type flow, and rotational flow for a fully embedded ball and (ii) a stiff soil plug trapped at the base of the ball advancing in a stiff–soft clay deposit. For both penetrometers, a squeezing mechanism mobilized as they approached a soft–stiff layer interface.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Full-flow penetrometer"

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Chung, Shin Fun. "Characterisation of soft soils for deep water developments." University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0079.

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[Truncated abstract] This research has studied the penetration and extraction resistance profiles of different types of penetrometers in soft clay. The penetrometers of interest include the cone, T–bar, ball and plate. Effects of the surface roughness and aspect ratio of the T–bar penetrometer on its resistance have also been investigated. Undrained shear strength, Su, profiles derived from the penetration tests are compared with the shear strengths measured from field vane shear tests and laboratory (triaxial and simple shear) tests. Both in situ and centrifuge model penetration tests were undertaken for the research. In addition, ‘undisturbed’? tube samples were retrieved from both the field and the centrifuge strongbox samples (after completion of the centrifuge tests) for laboratory testing. The in situ testing was carried out in Western Australia, at the Burswood site near Perth, with tests including cone, T–bar, ball and plate penetrometer tests, and vane shear tests. Interestingly, the T–bar, ball and plate (‘full-flow’) penetrometers showed a narrow band of resistance profiles both during penetration and extraction, with a range of around 15 % between the highest and lowest profiles and standard deviation of 15 %. However, the cone penetrometer gave similar resistance at shallow depths but increasingly higher penetration resistance at depths greater than 7 m – a phenomenon that is also common in offshore results. During extraction, the cone penetrometer gave a higher resistance profile than the full–flow penetrometers for much of the depth of interest. The Su profile measured directly from the vane shear tests falls within the Su profiles derived from the penetration resistances of the full–flow penetrometers, using a single bearing factor, N = 10.5 (the value originally suggested in the literature for a T–bar penetration test). Again, the cone penetrometer demonstrated diverging results, requiring two separate values for the cone factor, Nkt (10.5 initially increasing to 13 for depths below 10 m) in order to give Su similar to the vane shear tests. This highlights the possible variability of the cone factor with depth. Cyclic penetration and extraction tests were performed at specific depths for each fullflow penetrometer. These tests comprised displacement cycles of ±0.5 m about the relevant depth, recording the penetration and extraction resistances over five full cycles. The results may be used to derive the remoulded strength and sensitivity of the soil. Laboratory tests such as triaxial and simple shear tests were performed on ‘undisturbed’ tube samples retrieved from the same site to evaluate the in situ shear strengths in the laboratory. However, the resulting Su data were rather scattered, much of which may be attributed to variable sample quality due to the presence of frequent shell fragments and occasional silt lenses within the test samples. In general, N factors for the full–low penetrometers, back–calculated using Su values measured from the simple shear tests, fell mainly in a range between 9.7 and 12.8 (between 10.4 and 12.2 for the standard size T–bar (250 mm x 40 mm))
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Zhou, Hongjie. "Numerical study of geotechnical penetration problems for offshore applications." University of Western Australia. Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0239.

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The research carried out in this thesis has concentrated on the application of numerical solutions to geotechnical penetration problems in offshore engineering. Several important issues closely relevant to deep-water oil and gas developments were investigated, covering installation of suction caisson foundations, interpretation of fullflow penetrometers and shallow penetration of a cylindrical object (submarine pipeline or T-bar), all in clayey sediments such as are often encountered in deep-water sites. These problems are commonly characterised by large vertical movements of structural elements relative to the seabed. A large deformation finite element method was adopted and further developed to simulate these challenging problems, referred to as Remeshing and Interpolation Technique with Small Strain. In this approach, a sequence of small strain Lagrangian increments, remeshing and interpolation of stresses and material properties are repeated until the required displacement has been reached. This technique is able to model relative motion between the penetrating objects and the soil, which is critical for evaluating soil heave inside the caissons, the effect of penetration-induced remoulding on the resistance of full-flow penetrometers, and influence of soil surface heave on the embedment of pipelines. '...' Simple expressions were presented allowing the resistance factors for the T-bar and ball penetrometers to be expressed as a function of the rate and strain-softening parameters. By considering average strength conditions during penetration and extraction of these full-flow penetrometers, an approximate expression was derived that allowed estimation of the hypothetical resistance factor with no strain-softening, and hence an initial estimate of the stain-rate dependency of the soil. Further simulations of cyclic penetration tests showed that a cyclic range of three diameters of the penetrometers was sufficient to avoid overlap of the failure mechanism at the extremes and mid-point of the cyclic range. The ball had higher resistance factors compared with the T-bar, but with similar cyclic resistance degradation curves, which could be fitted accurately by simple expressions consistent with the strain-softening soil model adopted. Based on the curve fitting, more accurate equations were proposed to deduce the resistance factor with no strain-softening, compared with that suggested previously based on the resistances measured in the first cycle of penetration and extraction. The strain-rate dependency was similar in intact or post-cyclic soil for a given rate parameter. The resistance factor for the post-cyclic condition was higher than that for the initial conditions, to some degree depending upon soil sensitivity and brittleness parameter. For the shallow penetration of a cylindrical object, the penetration resistance profile observed from centrifuge model tests was very well captured by the numerical simulation. The mechanism of shear band shedding was reproduced by the numerical technique, although the frequency of the shear band generation and the exact shape of the heave profile were not correctly captured, which were limited by the simple strainsoftening soil model adopted.
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Boscardin, Adriane G. "Development of miniature full flow and model pipeline probes for testing of box core samples of surficial seabed sediments." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3588996.

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The box corer is a relatively new tool used in the geotechnical community for collection of soft seabed sediments. Miniature full flow and model pipeline probes were developed as tools to characterize and obtain soil parameters of soft seabed sediments collected in the box core for design of offshore pipelines and analysis of shallow debris flows. Probes specifically developed for this study include the miniature t-bar, ball, motorized vane (MV), and toroid. The t-bar, ball, and MV were developed to measure intact and remolded undrained shear strengths (su and sur). The t-bar and ball can obtain continuous strength profiles and measure sur at discrete depths in the box corer while the MV measures su and s ur at discrete depths. The toroid is a form of model pipeline testing which was developed to investigate pipe-soil interaction during axial pipeline movement. Vertical loading and displacement rates can be selected for the toroid to mimic axial pipeline displacement for a variety of pipe weights. A load frame for both miniature penetrometer and toroid testing was developed for testing directly on box core samples offshore. This research presents results from offshore and laboratory testing of the box core and recommended testing procedures for full flow and toroid probes on box core samples.
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Book chapters on the topic "Full-flow penetrometer"

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Wang, Yin, Yubin Ren, and Qing Yang. "Undrained Shear Strength Measurement for Deep-Sea Surficial Sediments in the West of South China Sea Using Miniature Full-Flow Penetrometer." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 371–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_41.

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Yafrate, N., and J. DeJong. "Considerations in evaluating the remoulded undrained shear strength from full flow penetrometer cycling." In Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics. Taylor & Francis, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415390637.ch119.

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Conference papers on the topic "Full-flow penetrometer"

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Mahmoodzadeh, Hamed, Noel Boylan, Mark Randolph, and Mark Cassidy. "The Effect of Partial Drainage on Measurements by a Piezoball Penetrometer." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50245.

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Full-flow penetrometers such as the T-bar and ball are now widely used in offshore site investigations to measure penetration resistance and then infer the strength properties of the seabed. To provide additional data on flow properties of the soil and increase the number of parameters that can be obtained from these tests, ball penetrometers fitted with pore pressure transducers, known as piezoballs, are now being used. Depending on the soil characteristics and rate of penetration, the soil conditions during penetration may vary from undrained to fully drained. The drainage condition during penetration will influence both the measured penetration resistance and excess pore pressure response and therefore influence any parameters interpreted. This paper examines the effect of drainage condition on piezoball measurements during penetration in a muddy silt sample collected from offshore Australia. Tests were conducted in the beam centrifuge at the University of Western Australia using a miniature piezoball, with pore pressure measurement at the equator position. The effect of drainage condition was examined by conducting tests at various rates of penetration, ranging from undrained to fully drained conditions. Methods of interpreting the results of a partially drained penetration test in order to deduce the undrained penetration resistance are also discussed.
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Ma, Hongliang, Mi Zhou, Yuxia Hu, and Muhammad Shazzad Hossain. "Large Deformation FE Analyses of Cone Penetration in Single Layer Non-Homogeneous and Three-Layer Soft-Stiff-Soft Clays." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23709.

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Continuous profiles from in-situ penetrometer tests are now identified as essential for site specific soil investigation as part of designing offshore structures in deep and ultradeep waters and in highly layered seabed conditions. This paper describes the results from large deformation FE (LDFE) analysis undertaken to provide insight into the behavior of cone penetrometer penetrating through single layer non-homogeneous clays and three-layer uniform soft-stiff-soft clays. For the smooth cone penetration in non-homogeneous clays, the soil strength non-homogeneity factor was shown to have insignificant effect on the cone bearing capacity factor. However, for the rough cone, the bearing capacity factor in non-homogeneous clay was about 10∼12% lower than that in uniform clay. Bearing capacity factors for smooth and rough cones were also similar for non-homogeneous clay. For cone penetration in stratified soft-stiff-soft clays, a minimum layer thickness of 20 diameters was required to mobilise the full resistance of the stiff layer. The corresponding soil flow mechanisms are also discussed linking directly to the profile of penetration resistance.
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Yafrate, N. J., and J. T. DeJong. "Influence of Penetration Rate on Measured Resistance with Full Flow Penetrometers in Soft Clay." In Geo-Denver 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40917(236)9.

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