Academic literature on the topic 'Fulfillment Decision'

Aiming at the high cost of multicategory orders fulfillment under multiwarehouse collaborative distribution, comprehensively considering the fulfillment costs of different orders fulfillment strategies, an order fulfillment strategy selection model is proposed. The first step of the model uses the linear programming algorithm to solve the cost of suborder merge transportation after the order is split. The second step calculates the cost of the current “greedy algorithm” of the e-commerce platform for order split fulfillment. Then, the cost of each strategy is compared and the lowest cost one is chosen. The calculation example analysis shows that the order fulfillment strategy is closely related to the delivery location of the order and the SKU category. When the delivery location is far away and SKU categories are many in the order, the merged transportation strategy of suborders after the order is split will be significantly better than the cost of separate transportation. The multiwarehouse collaborative distribution fulfillment strategy proposed in this paper can provide a decision basis for the e-commerce platform to choose which fulfillment method.

The implementation of post-divorce decisions in the religious court demands great attention because the system for implementing decisions in divorce cases still needs to be stronger. The cost of executing the decision is not commensurate with the nominal (the ex-husband must pay “the obligation” to his ex-wife). As a result, court decisions become “useless”, which are only authoritative in writing but weak in implementation. Through this paper, the author wants to explain a new concept related to the fulfillment of the rights of women and children after divorce based on an interconnected system so that post-divorce women and children are guaranteed their fulfillment of rights without going through the process of execution in court. This research is normative research through a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This research shows that ensuring the women's and children's rights fulfillment requires an interconnected system. Courts must involve non-judicial institutions in an integrated manner following their respective authorities. This new framework makes institutions outside the judiciary as external partners in implementing single identity-based court decisions.

The objective of this study was to offer policy concept ideas in fulfilling restitution for the victims in accordance with the required attainment of justice. Restitution related to the payment of costs charged to the person based on a court decision that has permanent legally enforceable for the costs suffered by the victim or heir. This study used a normative method using a statutory approach and a case approach. From the three court decisions and one trafficking case in the constabulary, the victim's comprehension of the legal handling experienced is sufficient to accommodate the victim's wishes in obtaining victim's rights. Conclusions are drawn through an inductive to deductive thought process. Of the three decisions reviewed, it proved that the application of restitution payments was not able to fulfill a sense of justice for the victim. In fact, in practice, the fulfillment of compensation payments is in the non-penal space, from the perspective of victim recognition, it is sufficient to accommodate their wishes and hopes for the fulfillment of the expected restitution rights. In order to provide legal certainty for victims of the fulfillment of restitution rights, a legal breakthrough is required. The diversion method as a confirmation of ensuring the payment of the victim's restitution right is an offer. The concept of diversion can be carried out with the limitation of the criteria for the impact experienced by the victim, and the legality of legality is determined through a court decision or decision, as legal achievement through restorative justice is able to restore conflicts from perpetrators and victims.

Purpose E-fulfillment has a significant role to play within e-tailing, which provides products to a customer, comprising primarily of five components: website quality, customization strategy, distribution strategy, last mile delivery and return management. The purpose of this paper is to provide an e-fulfillment performance evaluation framework for an e-tailer, considering the different performance aspects of information systems (IS), marketing and operations for e-tailers. Design/methodology/approach Since quite a few performance aspects (i.e. IS, marketing system and operations) need to be factored in while evaluating the e-fulfillment performance, it may be considered as a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem. This study used decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) based analytic network process (DANP) to investigate the relationship between performance class and performance aspects, and calculated their weights. These designated weights of performance aspects help managers to find the important aspects needing improvement. The understanding of the interrelationship among the performance aspects enables managers to improve the efficiency of an e-tailing system. Findings This study provides the e-fulfillment performance evaluation framework to find the important aspects requiring improvement. The results of this study reveal that the important performance aspects of e-fulfillment performance are return policy, pickup method, innovativeness, assortment type, assortment width, trust (privacy and security) and promised delivery date. Practical implications This e-fulfillment performance evaluation could be used by an e-tailer to assess the e-fulfillment performance, and identify areas of improvement. Originality/value This study makes a contribution to the present body of knowledge by considering operations related performance aspects except the IS and marketing to evaluate the e-fulfillment performance.

By means of its decision number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, the Constitutional Court has made a breakthrough which intend to guarantee the fulfillment of civil rights for a child born out of wedlock from his/her both parents. By the fulfillment of civil rights, justice has been materialized for the child, as viewed from the perspective of the theory of justice.

The task of planning work while the implementation of the project, where you can separate several stages, is discussed in the article. Dependent stages are allowed, the fulfillment of which is possible only after the successful completion of a particular stage or group of stages. The approach for receiving the maximum mean income under planning for the period under review is offered, positive or negative income is associated with the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of certain stages of the project. The basis of approach and Markov chain theory are the method of dynamic programming. All the variables of the given problem are described, the necessary formulas and equations for numerical calculations based on the recursive Bellman relation are given. The processing of expert estimates (obtaining the transition probabilities of Markov chains) is proposed to be made using the methods of Saaty. The decision result is the selection of admissible managements. Managements (management decisions) allow to adapt with various scenarios which may occur on the implementation stages of projects.

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is a technology that enables the user to easily and selectively extract and view data from different points of view. It is also an important part of the decision system. This study proposes the decisions in fulfillment process which could be supported by the OLAP technology, including the quality of sales, the main product of the company, the salary and the bonus for sales staff, the credit limit and the price policy for the customer. Furthermore, this research also demonstrates the application of the OLAP technology in the decision making for the main product of A manufacturing and distributing company.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).
Dell's Third-Party (3P) Product network uses several different order fulfillment methods, though the determination of which products are fulfilled under which method is not clearly delineated. We have developed a tool to assist in the decision making process for Dell's 3P distribution network. This tool transparently presents the results of cost modeling and forecast variance simulation while maintaining usability to achieve broad adoption and exert influence on product fulfillment method decisions. The cost model created takes into account product, overhead, logistics, and capital costs and has the capability to deal with volume uncertainties through simulation. This tool solidifies the discussion around choosing the correct fulfillment method decision process and is the first step towards quantifying the fulfillment method decision.
by Bryan Drake.
S.M.
M.B.A.

The Goal of this thesis was to gain an understanding of why people decided to leave an ICT subcontracting and consultancy company. The study was conducted by analyzing roughly 300 employment ending interview transcripts written by an employee supervisor as notes for the company HR department. Later in the theory creation process also company annual reports were used to gain statistical information on employees, such as their background education and length of career. The research is qualitative in nature and the research method used was grounded theory. The chosen research approach is relativist and constructivist, meaning that the goal is to understand the subjective truth of the employee. The reason for this is to gain theory with explanatory power from the field with mixed and sometimes even contradictory results. The transitory theory built on top of empirical data during early phase of analysis directed research towards trust discussion in an organizational setting. At the same time, contemporary career discussion was examined to find further explanations to solve contradictions in the theory created by the data alone. In the end, it was found that faith in career fulfillment was the crucial component for the employees to leave the company. Scientifically faith creates, I would argue, a long yearned bridge between trust and career discussions. Faith works inside the career context where it determines if the employee will leave a company or not. If the employee does not have faith that his envisioned career can be fulfilled in the current organization he most likely makes the decision to leave. As a qualitative study this thesis cannot be generalized into the wider population, but can be generalized into the current career and trust discussions. It supplements both of them with an insight of why people decide to change work places.

Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 73).
This thesis provides a deep mathematical analysis of the diverse alternatives for routing models considering an Omni-channel supply chain. The natural evolution of supply chains from traditional brick-and-mortar stores to an omni-channel supply chain, encompassing and merging e-commerce together with a multi-channel concept, allows businesses to reach new levels of operational efficiency by leveraging inventory closer to the customer and making decisions on the fly on how to better and more cheaply provide a service/product to the final consumer. The flexibility and benefits, unfortunately, do not come without a certain dose of complexity and further development of the supply chain tactical implementation and systems. New alternatives to fulfill customer orders are available, which require greater screening among the different alternatives. An effective routing model becomes essential to make sure these alternatives are properly considered in order to satisfy both the consumer and retailer objectives, such as on-time delivery of orders, retail stores' service levels, and fulfillment costs.
by Federico Markowicz.
M.B.A.
S.M.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-156).
The supply chain management for an online retailing business is centered around the operations of its fulfillment centers. A fulfillment center receives and holds inventory from vendors, and then uses this inventory to fill customer orders. Our research focuses on a new operating architecture of an order fulfillment system, enabled by new technology. We refer to it as the Semi-automated Fulfillment System. Different from the person-to-goods model in traditional warehouses, the semi-automated fulfillment system adopts a goods-to-person model for stowing and picking items from a storage field. In a semi-automated fulfillment system the inventory is stored on mobile storage pods; those mobile pods are then carried by robotic drives to static stations at which the operators conduct pick or stow operations. In the first chapter, we describe and identify three key operational decisions in the semiautomated fulfillment system, namely from which pods to pick the inventory needed (picking decision), where to return the pod to the storage field upon the completion of a pick or stow operation (storage decision), and to which pods to replenish the received inventory (stowage decision). We present a high-level capacity planning model for determining the number of robotic drives needed to achieve a given throughput level. This model highlights how the operational efficiency in this system depends on two key parameters, namely the travel time for an entire drive trip and the number of unit picks or stows per pod trip. In the second chapter, we focus on the storage decisions. The storage decision is to decide to which storage location to return a pod upon the completion of a pick or stow operation. We extend the academic results on the benefits of adopting velocity-based and class-based storage policies to the context of the semi-automated fulfillment system. We associate with each storage pod a velocity measure that represents an expectation of the number of picks from that pod in the near future. We then show that by assigning the high velocity pods to the most desirable storage locations, we can significantly reduce the drive travel time, compared to the random storage policy that returns the pod to a randomly-chosen storage location. We show that class-based storage policies with two or three classes, can achieve most of the benefits from the idealized velocity-based policy. Furthermore, we characterize how the performance of the velocity-based and class-based storage policies depend on the velocity variability across the storage pods; in particular we model how the benefits from velocity-based storage policies increase with increased variation in the pod velocities. In the third chapter, we build a discrete-time simulator to validate the theoretical models in the second chapter with real industry data. We observe a 6% to 11% reduction in the travel distance with 2-class or 3-class system, depending on the parameter settings. From a sensitivity analysis we establish the robustness of the class-based storage policies as they continue to perform well under a broad range of warehouse settings including different zoning strategies, resource utilization levels and space utilization levels. In the fourth chapter, we examine two stowage decisions, one at the zone level and the other at the pod level. The zone-level decision is to decide how to allocate the received inventory to multiple storage zones. The objective is to assure that the resulting picking workload for each zone is within its capacity. We show by simulation that a chaining-based allocation can be effective to balance the picking workload across different storage zones. The pod-level stowage decision is to decide on which pods to stow the inventory. We formulate a mixedinteger program (MIP) to find the optimal stowage profile that maximizes the number of unit picks per pod trip. We solve the MIP for a set of test cases to gain insight into the structure of optimal stowage policy. Motivated by these insights, we further propose a class-based stowage process that induces variability across the pod velocities.
by Rong Yuan.
Ph. D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-185).
As online retailing - or e-tailing - continues to grow as more and more customers buy physical goods on the internet, finding ways to reduce the cost and environmental impact of outbound shipping in this sector will become increasingly important. We investigate the impact of making poor fulfillment and replenishment decisions using data obtained from a large American online retailer. Then, we propose implementable - i.e., computationally tractable and relatively intuitive - solutions for both the fulfillment and replenishment problems, both tested either on actual data from our industrial partner or on small but realistic models. We first focus on the fulfillment problem, namely, deciding from which warehouse(s) to fulfill a customer's order when several options exist. We propose a heuristic that utilizes the dual values of a transportation linear program to estimate the opportunity cost of depleting inventory from a warehouse. This linear program values inventory at a warehouse due to both its geography and the size of its catalogue. After showing that this linear program is asymptotically optimal - using concepts developed in airline network revenue management - we then test the heuristic on industry data, showing a 1% reduction in outbound shipping costs as compared to a myopic fulfillment policy. The last part of the thesis focuses on replenishment. Every period, for each item, the network places an order to restock all the warehouses. Complicating this decision are two factors. First, the orders will not arrive immediately, but rather require a lead time to be delivered. During this time a random number of customers will place orders with the network. Second, any customer's order may be filled from any warehouse, which becomes important when warehouses stock out of an item. Therefore, it is not trivial to calculate the optimal inventory to order to each warehouse. We show that using a standard replenishment policy - popular in practice - can lead to dynamics that result in increased outbound shipping costs. We propose a replenishment policy heuristic that is intuitive and performs well on examples. This heuristic has two variants: a simpler one that assumes deterministic demand, and a more complicated one that accounts for stochasticity.
by Jason Andrew Acimovic.
Ph.D.

For most Smaller Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs), how to manage customer enquiries at the customer enquiry stage is of great importance to maintain the competitive advantage and secure future customer orders. A lack of co-ordination between marketing/sales and production at this stage often leads to confirmed orders being delivered later than promised and/or being produced at a loss. In the paper, the problems and the solutions for managing customer enquiries faced by many SMEs are addressed. A general process for dealing with customer enquiries at the customer enquiry stage and a corresponding DSS approach are presented in detailed. The SMEs would benefit from the proposed DSS in which the considerations of current material and production capacity are given to the customer enquiry management process.
Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Social mobilization has been the catalyst, guarantor, and pathway for fulfillment of human rights worldwide. Social movements represent marginalized populations, raise consciousness of new issues, establish or bridge compelling frames for social problems, foster transnational networks, translate international norms into locally appropriate vocabularies, advocate, occupy public and forbidden space, mobilize culture change, and persuade decision makers, elites, and mass publics. This chapter treats the complementary pathways of mobilization to contest violence against women: voice, advocacy, transnationalism, vernacularization, and information politics. We will see voice against femicide in Pakistan and Brazil, alongside public protest and lobbying for reform over all types of gender violence in the Philippines, Algeria, and Argentina. Transnational mobilization strategies in Mexico and Nigeria contrast with vernacular translation of international norms by grassroots movements in India. Meanwhile, online campaigns create new repertoires and vocabularies to protest harassment, rape, and honor cultures in Pakistan, Egypt, India, and Brazil.

The continuous changes that characterize the world of work and labor relations today change in various ways the perceptions, expectations and beliefs of workers and employers regarding the content and fulfillment of their commercial relations. Thus, these perceptions, expectations and beliefs configure psychological contracts which define the framework of the interactions between individuals and organizational agents and influence their attitudes, behaviors and decisions as well. That’s why the psychological contract constitutes a fundamental element for understanding the psychosocial processes involved in labor relations. This book aims to offer an overview of the diversity that characterizes the conceptual reflection and research on the psychological contract carried out from various countries in the Americas. Researchers from Colombia, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Brazil, Canada and Spain present a set of theoretical and empirical works that seek to deepen the understanding of employee-organization relations in the multiple labor contexts of their countries. Summarizing, this book offers for the first time a broad, though not exhaustive, overview of psychological contract research in a selection of Spanish, English, and Portuguese-speaking American countries in the south, center, and north of the continent, also represents a valuable contribution to research in organizational and work psychology in those contexts.

AbstractNursing homes aim to provide person-centered care and recognize residents as unique individuals with their own histories, life goals, and preferences. The life expectancy of nursing home residents is rather limited. Nursing homes have been hit hard by COVID-19 because of an increased risk of death and a total nursing home lockdown from March 19 until the end of May 2020. Although social relationships are a basic human need and the fulfillment of social needs is essential for both physical and mental health, nursing home residents were no longer allowed to meet their loved ones. This decision was taken without involving residents and their loved ones and without considering the psychosocial impact of such measures for residents and their loved ones. When visitors were again allowed in the nursing homes, this was valued highly. To enable decent decision-making, we call both the government and nursing homes to involve residents and their families in decision-making. It is essential to know how residents weigh the risk of a COVID-19 infection and the possible implication of them opposing social isolation. We have to adapt to a new common and need to stop talking about residents and their loved ones and start talking with them.

Abstract Emergency services are essential and any person may require these services at some point in their lives. Emergency services are run by complex management and consist of many different parts. It is essential to establish effective procedures to ensure that patients are treated in a timely fashion. By obtaining real-time information, it is expected that intelligent decisions would be made. Hence, thorough analytics of problems concerning appropriate operational effective management, would help prevent patient dissatisfaction in the future. Mapping studies are utilized to configure and explore a research theme, whereas systematic reviews are utilized to combine proofs. The use of improvement strategies and quality measurements of the health care industry, specifically in emergency departments, are essential to value patients’ level of satisfaction and the quality of the service provided based on patients’ experience. This paper explores and creates momentum with all the methodologies utilized by researchers from 2010 and beyond with the stress on patient fulfillment in the emergency services segment.

The conclusion of contracts was known in ancient times and is still relevant today. Shares that are not distributed in kind can cause certain difficulties that force the interested parties to decide on distribution.Joint ownership of inherited property received from a family member necessitates joint decision-making on its maintenance, ownership, use, and disposal, and it is difficult to achieve such a consensus on all issues. Therefore, quite often a certain period may pass from the acquisition of the right to a share in the joint property to its distribution, but due to conflicts regarding the use of the property or in the case of the need to receive funds or for other reasons, the joint property is divided by the co-owners. That is, the reasons may even be questions of how to use agricultural land, for example, to rent it out, sow it yourself, plant a garden, etc. However, the complexity of the division of land plots is because it is difficult to «divide» agricultural lands at least. After all, their intended use depends on the size, etc. Quite often, disputes also arise regarding the use of residential buildings, since the size and location of the rooms make their use impossible or difficult, as well as the distribution in kind according to the inherited shares. In other words, there is a certain «trading» of assets. If the situation is related to the distribution of a small plot of land where the house is located, then questions also arise regarding the establishment of an easement, as well as mutual concessions for the compensation of a part of the house in exchange for most of the land. In general, there are protracted negotiations, from the point of view of which these parties, who are still in a family relationship, agree on the division of property.Factors that can affect the outcome of property division include unique family circumstances, the specific nature of assets, and traditional legal practices. The parties will use different mechanisms for the division of joint assets: sale, donation, or exchange, under the terms of which they «trade» with the consent of others their rights as co-owners of jointly owned objects. The various evolutionary stages of the agreement on the division of property by the testator’s family culminate in the final stage of agreeing. The agreement on the division of inheritance is a complex legal process. Potentially, in a single transaction, the beneficiaries can choose and implement the division by sale, exchange, or donation. These different legal constructions reflect the uniqueness of the decisions in each agreement and to some extent demonstrate the specific legal practice of the individual Old Babylonian city-state and the particular circumstances of each family.However, in addition to the division of property, there are other agreements regarding the division of inheritance. For example, an agreement on quasi-partition upon adoption (quasi-adoption), an agreement on the division of residential property by the owner between its future beneficiaries.The need to conclude such agreements arises when an agreement on the division of property is required, which differs from such concepts as sale, donation, exchange, etc.Domestic scientists consider the agreement on the distribution of joint property very broadly and include other types of agreements in the list of such agreements, establishing that the agreement on changing the succession of the right to inheritance by law is atypical. It was determined that the contract under investigation belongs to contracts on the distribution of inheritance. Agreements on the distribution of inheritance are concluded in the field of inheritance, which indicates that they belong to inheritance agreements. It is proposed to supplement the existing classifications of civil law contracts by distinguishing a new type of civil law contracts – contracts in the law of inheritance on the level with the selection of a new type of inheritance contracts – contracts on the distribution of inheritance.» This is a bold hypothesis, but it is difficult to agree with it for various reasons, not least because the distribution of inheritance has been known since ancient times.The factor that the term «distribution» of inheritance and giving it a broad legal meaning is analyzed is an interesting author’s hypothesis. At the same time, according to our position, the term «distribution of inheritance» is more balanced, since in Art. 1278 of the Civil Code does not quite successfully use the term «division», when in the content of this norm it is about the equality of shares in the inheritance and the allocation of a share in kind, and not about division. However, in Part 1 of Art. 1280 of the Civil Code, the term «distribution» is used with a direct meaning and «redistribution» as an opportunity to review the results of the distribution under new circumstances – in the case of acceptance of the inheritance by other heirs. In essence, the obvious meaning of the term «distribution» follows from this norm as the initial determination of the ownership of the share of each of the heirs. In this sense, the redistribution of the inheritance should be connected with the possible introduction of changes to the previously made distribution, that is, in this case, we do not limit the number of subsequent redistributions of the inheritance. This hypothesis is related to the fact that the number of heirs who missed the deadline for valid reasons is not limited by legislation and cannot be limited, but is determined by various legal circumstances.Therefore, it is hardly expedient and possible, to apply in Art. 1280 of the Civil Code, the concept of «distribution» should be given a wider meaning than it has in the Civil Code, as this would lead to its ambiguous perception and application both in theory and in legislation and practice. Usually, theoretical terms should be distinguished by being original and should accurately reflect the legal meaning of actions, events, or conditions.But an important element of the procedure for the distribution of common inheritance property or its redistribution are the subjects who must fix the relevant agreement or carry out such distribution according to their conviction.It is indicated that the practice of concluding contracts by the living owner with his future heirs is widespread in foreign countries. At the same time, German experts equate inheritance with what they consider to be contractual inheritance.It should be noted that the practice of concluding contracts on the distribution of inheritance in the practice of the Ukrainian notary is relatively new and does not have clear boundaries in regulation, which complicates the activity of notaries in certifying such contracts. There are several difficulties in the application of relevant legal norms in practice, as there is a lack of understanding of the legal nature and essence of the conclusion of contracts, the term of conclusion, and the procedure for notarization.The opinions of individual authors are studied, about legal relations regarding the division of inheritance characterized by a weak state policy, this obliges the participants of such relations to draw up the content of agreements on the division of inheritance independently. For agreements between heirs on the distribution of inheritance to be valid regulators of the relations of its participants (heirs), conditions (clauses) must be clarified and formulated, which will be disclosed with sufficient completeness and consistency of the content of the relevant agreement and the purpose of its conclusion.We do not agree with this point of view of the scientist regarding «weak state policy», since the Central Committee of Ukraine was not created by politicians or the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, but by leading scientists of Ukraine. It is also difficult to agree with the statement that the lack of clear regulation of the terms of inheritance contracts «obliges the participants of such relationships to independently draw up the content of inheritance distribution contracts.» In Ukraine, some good notaries and lawyers can draw up high-quality contracts for the distribution of inheritance. Moreover, according to Art. 4 of the Law of Ukraine «On Notaries», notaries have the right to draw up relevant draft contracts. In our opinion, it is worth emphasizing here that this is a right, not a duty of a notary public. That is, the notary may not undertake the drafting of the relevant project, but this provision is positive for interested parties since the lack of experience in drafting original contracts will most likely lead to the drafting of a low-quality draft contract. Indeed, in this case, it is worth looking for an experienced notary who will be able to draw up a draft contract, but this will make it possible to prevent errors in its drafting with a high probability.Thus, the agreement on the distribution of inheritance enters into force if the parties reach an agreement in the proper form on all the essential terms of the agreement. The main essential condition for agreeing on the division of inheritance is the subject of the agreement. However, either party may consider this condition insufficient and propose to include additional conditions in the contract. In this case, these conditions become essential. In connection with the instability of the regulation of the content of contracts between heirs on the distribution of inheritance, it can be concluded that the inclusion of normal conditions in the contract is currently impossible. We believe that such a general scheme of perception of contract terms is not entirely rational, since how to perceive ordinary terms or essential terms of a contract quite often in practice depends on the judgments of the parties to the contract unless otherwise regulated by legislation. This issue can be approached more precisely if we take into account the possibility of interpreting transactions and contracts (Article 213 of the Civil Code).So, based on the essence of the process of concluding contracts, it should be taken into account that the notary who drafts the contract can edit it, therefore it is worth recognizing the right of the notary to interpret it, since according to Art. 5 of the Law of Ukraine «On Notaries», he is obliged to clarify the legal consequences that will arise for persons after his certification. It follows from this that the notary must be given the official right to interpret the contract upon its certification, then it will be clear that after its certification, the court can interpret the content of the contract. In this regard, Art. 213 of the Civil Code is proposed to be supplemented with a corresponding provision regarding the powers of the notary, namely: his duty to interpret the content of the deed or contract before and during its certification.The Inheritance Regulation, which envisages wide acceptance of the inheritance contract, is considered. It is noted that it is worth revising Ukrainian inheritance law in advance for compliance with European standards since after Ukraine accedes to the EU it will be necessary to inform all EU countries about what types of contracts in Ukraine will be related to the issuance of the European Certificate of Succession.This is also important for inheritance by law, because, in case of non-fulfillment of the terms of the lifetime maintenance (care) agreement and the inheritance agreement, they will have to be terminated or recognized as invalid or unfulfilled by the acquirer, so the property that was the subject of this agreement will be inherited by law. At the same time, if the terms of these agreements are fulfilled, the part of the property that belonged to the testator will not be inherited but will become the property of the acquirers.The process of accepting the inheritance is quite long, and the inheritance law allows for several agreements between the heirs, which can significantly affect the size of the inheritance shares and the real things in each share in the inheritance. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the possibility of agreements between the heirs at different stages of accepting or not accepting the inheritance. From communication with one of the clients, the author learned that the notary unofficially advised the heirs to agree on the distribution of the inheritance, as well as for certain heirs to waive the right to inheritance, but to receive a proper share of the inheritance in household items. When the author was informed of all the circumstances of the inheritance case, it became clear that the notary could not solve the complex inheritance problem, since the inheritance took place based on a will and some heirs had the right to a mandatory share, as well as part of the property remained. So, in such a situation, it was necessary to solve an arithmetical and at the same time legal problem, the complexity of which was determined by the complex subject composition of numerous heirs. Therefore, the notary tried to simplify its solution by artificially «transforming» the heirs who have the right to a mandatory share into ordinary heirs who claim property that is not subject to recording in the certificate of the right to inheritance.A natural will was considered, when the testator bequeathed the specific property to each of the heirs, namely: a house to a daughter, a factory to one son, and a yacht to another let’s say. In such a case, the will of the testator is formulated in the Shodo of the objects of inheritance, so it is difficult to perceive the consequences of the refusal of one of the heirs to inherit, when the yacht will be divided into equal shares between the son and the daughter, because: firstly, the value of the factory and the house will be different, so someone from the testator gave the children a larger inheritance than the other. Secondly, in the case of the existence of a part of the inheritance not covered by the will, it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that the will of the testator was formulated about a certain property and nothing more. Therefore, in case of refusal of one of the heirs to inherit under the will, the property bequeathed to him should be considered as not covered by the will and should be inherited according to the law. That is, if the will of the testator regarding the entire property is revealed, it can be assumed that he thus intended to deprive one of the heirs of the right to inheritance.At the same time, the will must be interpreted not only by the heirs under the will but also by the heirs under the law, when its content concerns the right to a mandatory share in the inheritance, which belongs to the heirs under the law of the first rank, who due to incapacity have the right to claim it, as well as the recipients of the response. With a high degree of probability, it can be assumed that the inheritance, which consists of household items, will be divided even without a written agreement. However, the interpretation of a will, which concerns a substantial inheritance between a significant number of heirs, requires not only a written form of recording of agreements – a contract, but also, in our opinion, a notarial form that will allow recording the agreement more reliably, to explain to the parties to the contract the consequences of its conclusion. If all interested parties sign the agreement, and the notary recognizes it as legal, then it will be difficult to recognize it as illegal or invalid in the next one. Therefore, the agreement on the interpretation of the will, which will establish the specific rights of the heirs and their obligations regarding the coverage of the testator’s debts, is a rational form of specification of the terms of the inheritance, which will allow establishing the executor of the will, if he was not determined by the testator.We can assume with a high degree of probability that similar «simplified calculations» are made by other notaries, as well as directly by the heirs, and certain agreements are not necessary here.

The fulfillment of affective customers needs may award the producer extra premium in gaining a competitive edge. This entails a number of technical challenges to be addressed, such as, the elicitation, evaluation, and fulfillment of affective needs, as well as the evaluation of capability of producers to launch the planned products. To tackle these issues, this research proposes an affective human factor design framework to facilitate decision-making in designing product ecosystems. In particular, ambient intelligence techniques are applied to elicit affective customer needs. An analytical model is proposed to support affective design analysis. Utility measure and conjoint analysis are employed to quantify users’ affective satisfaction, while the producers’ capability to fulfill the respective customer needs is evaluated using a capacity index. Association rule mining techniques are applied to model the mapping of affective needs to design elements. Configuration design of product ecosystems is optimized with a heuristic genetic algorithm. A case study of designing the living room ecosystem is reported with dual considerations of customers’ satisfaction and producer’s capacities. It is demonstrated that the affective human factors design framework can effectively manage the elicitation, analysis, and fulfillment of affective customer needs.

This chapter describes corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) with a global variable, and supposes it has a negative influence on market demand to set up a decision model in supply chain for the joint effect of price and CSI on demand. Analyzing manufacturers' decisions on CSI under two supply chain structure settings including single-channel supply chain and competitive supply chain, the authors hope to design governance mechanisms to restrain the CSI performance of the manufacturers so as to provide a theoretic reference to the better fulfillment of sustainable development and social responsibility. Moreover, this chapter makes a simple extension on the asymmetry initial base demand, and the result is quite different from the symmetry initial base demand. It is found that an asymmetric CSI strategy can achieve equilibrium. A suggestion in this chapter is to intensify the competition in supply chain by supporting smaller enterprises and preventing complete monopoly.

The retail and logistics industry has been revolutionized by the emerging trend of e- commerce business. End-consumers are able to purchase items from online shops from any corner of the world. However, logistics service providers (LSPs) have been facing fundamental challenges in complying with the ever increasing needs of providing proper supply chain solutions. In view of the increasing concern over the order fulfillment performance of LSPs, this article theoretically and practically extends the conventional supply chain postponement strategy into an order fulfillment strategy, namely Warehouse Postponement Strategy (WPS), which is a process-oriented tactic addressing logistics process postponement. A case example is provided to introduce an intelligent knowledge-based wave put-away decision support system (IKWPS), which practically realizes the concept of warehouse postponement strategy. With IKWPS and the embedded concept of WPS, logistics practitioners are enabled to gain the competitive advantage of “last-mile” delivery through enhancing end customer loyalty.

Entrepreneurial intention presumes that new business formation is a deliberately designed behavior and is the first step in new business formation. What is the basis of these intentions? In this review chapter, the authors consider spirituality has been seen as a strong predictor of a successful entrepreneur, who bases the company on personal values, that is, economic values are not the most important. If we consider spirituality as a form of intelligence that can be developed, it can be seen as a coping mechanism in the field of entrepreneurship, especially in decision making. A spiritual and resilient entrepreneur has the key to personal fulfillment and sustainable lifelong performance at extraordinary levels.

The paradigm of e-learning educational process in the information society using information and communications technologies that result in increase creativity, improve teamwork and the changing role of instructor / teacher. Decision is an essential element of management is the most important tool of expression for a list of options for the development of online platforms. This paper proposes an approach to multi-criteria analysis methods to decide how software development tools used in virtual educational environment. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) describes any structured approach used to determine overall preferences among the various options, alternative options could lead to the fulfillment of a number of objectives. The goal of this method is to make a comparative assessment of alternative options or other heterogeneous measures. Actually measure the indicators used in the MCA is usually based on the quantitative analysis (through scoring, ranking and weighting calculation) of a wide range of categories and criteria for qualitative impact. Multi-criteria analysis applies specifically where the approach via a single criterion is not sufficient especially when significant social and environmental impacts can not be assigned monetary values. The purpose of this tool is to structure and combine different evaluations that must be considered in the decision-making process when making decisions involves several alternatives and their treatment of each of these greatly influence the final decision. Importantly, the multi-criteria analysis is used to record the reasoning and subjective views of stakeholders in relation to each issue. As Postolache says is usually used to synthesize opinions to determine priority structures to analyze conflict situations or make recommendations or offer operational advice.

The rationale of product families for mass customization has attracted much attention from both academia and industry alike. While the product family strategy facilitates product differentiation and customization, it inevitably leads to a high variety issue in the downstream fulfillment process. In particular, when assembly-to-order and outsourcing become common practices, the supply chain decisions are deemed to be very complicated in order to accommodate the diverse product and process variants associated with product families. With focus on variety management, this paper proposes a virtual supply chain (VSC) configuration concept. The general gist is to manage various supply chain variants under a generic umbrella. It emphasizes the conceptualization and modeling of VSC to enhance the power of variety handling, with respect to supply chains, as well as products and processes. A domain-based reference model is employed to identify and coordinate the decision factors of supply chains. These decision factors are used to model the VSC based on formal semantics and object-oriented modeling techniques. The management of supply chain variety is formulated as the VSC configuration problem, and is coped with variety handlers and their states. A case study of electrical motor global supply chains is reported. It is demonstrated that the generic characteristics of VSC excel in coordinating the decisions regarding product, process and supply chains towards mass customization.

The high demand for energy, food, and raw materials is putting an enormous strain on ecosystems around the planet. Therefore, the indus­trial strategies of many countries rely on the so-called green plan and tran­sition toward climate neutrality. In this sense, the need for new materials greatly exceeds the existing possibilities and capacities. Critical materials are raw materials that have great economic importance and for which there is a probability of shortage. Since the world is facing more and more serious problems, whether it is an economic crisis, a pandemic, or war conflicts, the general character of the present and, one would say, future time, is uncer­tain. Prediction of uncertainty is a task that decision-makers must keep in mind when deciding on the present and the future, not only of economies but of entire ecosystems and populations as a whole. The paper shows how critical materials affect development and growth, and the fulfillment of en­vironmental requirements, using examples from various industries.

Today’s design environment has become more distributed and professional. Efficient design management can greatly improve the ability of a company’s competition. To increase efficiency of a design process coordination of Computer-Aided Design and Analysis tools are very important, especially for large complicated systems. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a requirement driven system. Design process usually involves fulfillment of requirements from top-end customer. Adopting requirement driven mechanisms will provide more convenience for design coordination automation and help us find the most resource saving solutions for specific product design. A CORBA framework is discussed to facilitate the implementation of methodologies for requirement driven design coordination. System architecture and modules for the framework are introduced to support a requirement publishing and responding service. Distribution of the tasks is determined by “stigmergy” algorithm, which makes the decision using the performance history of each team and designers. An example of a coffeemaker product design based on the framework, is presented to demonstrate the application of new design system.

Abstract As the world transitions towards a more sustainable energy landscape, the need for a less environmentally harmful transition fuel becomes increasingly crucial. This has led to renewed interest in developing previously abandoned natural gas fields. In this paper, we present Field Surface Planner Algorithm (FSPA), a DCA-based model implemented in Python, which aims to generate an effective investment timing strategy for bringing new wells online in large gas fields. The model considers various surface facilities and commercial constraints, while prioritizing the fulfillment of contractual gas demand. FSPA's algorithm revolves around a sales error concept, which quantifies the disparity between the current sales gas rate and the nominated gas demand. By comparing this sales error against a predetermined error tolerance, the model determines the optimal timing for introducing new wells into production. This approach ensures that the gas field's total sales gas rate remains in line with the nominated gas demand, while minimizing any potential environmental impact. To ensure efficient operation, FSPA operates within the bounds of nominated gas demand constraints and facility constraints. Nominated gas demand constraints serve as a limit against which the on-stream dates and DCA forecasts for future wells are optimized, minimizing the need for flaring gas. Facility constraints restrict the volume of gas supply that the algorithm optimizes, aligning it with the capabilities of the surface facilities. During a well's initial contribution, FSPA generates accurate DCA forecasts based on several key factors, including the exact amount of sales gas required to close existing gaps, the well's reserves, and economic limitations. This information aids in making informed decisions regarding short-term production shortfalls and facilitates effective negotiation with customers, ultimately delivering substantial value for the organization involved in gas field development. By providing an efficient solution for well sequencing, the proposed model significantly reduces gas flaring costs, minimizes opportunity costs associated with production shortfalls, and assists in short-term decision-making processes. Overall, it offers a valuable contribution to sustainable energy transition efforts and promotes responsible development in the gas industry.

Abstract The integral management and eco-sustainable projects, could be framed within the classification of agile methodologies but not under its definition, because the latter allow adapting the working structure to the project conditions, seeking to improve flexibility and immediacy in the response to modify the project and its development into specific circumstances of the environment, something that is unfeasible and impractical in most projects of infrastructure, exploitation, operation of goods and services, environmental emergencies attention and/or any other that does not have as an objective the product/service positioning, promotion or sale but the fulfillment of obligations of a contractual, legal and/or environmental nature. The integral management and eco-sustainable projects developed eight (8) years ago and in a constant process of continuous improvement, it has been adapted to different scenarios and conditions, managing to balance the financial, environmental, technical and social components of the project, under a decision-making model based on the low risk objectives classification (L.R.O) and high risk objectives classification (H.R.O), allowing operative autonomy to be distributed by phases and roles, speeding up the implementation of corrective and reactive actions based on key performance indicators (KPIs). The methodology also has a two-dimensional resource distribution scheme (Plan X: Cost, Plan Y: Time), tracing the critical path of the project and allowing the consumption of resources to be followed based on its evolution, the corrective actions and reaction implemented and the dynamics of performance indicators.