Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fuite de courant'
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GUICHARDON, ANTOINE. "Caracterisation et modelisation du courant de fuite d'un laser ingaasp/inp a ruban enterre." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112238.
Full textHourani, Wael. "Caractérisation des courants de fuite à l'échelle nanométrique dans les couches ultra-minces d'oxydes pour la microélectronique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952841.
Full textOudwan, Maher. "Etude des propriétés des transistors en couches minces à base de silicium microcristallin pour des applications d'écran plats à matrice active." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0128.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the drain leakage current mechanisms in microcrystalline thin film :ransistors (~c-Si:H TFT) so as the mechanisms of threshold voltage shift. For that we fabricated ~c-Si:H rFT. We established that the mechanism of drain leakage current for moderate field is Poole Frenkel :onduction, and for high field it is a tunnelling band-to-band conduction. We identified a new Jhenomena, specific for ~c-Si:H TFT, a parasitic leakage current is added to the intrinsic current and :hanges the shape of sub-threshold slope. This current is the result of oxygen contamination during the =abrication process. Oxygen present at back channel diffuses and/or is activated during the silicon nitride Jassivation. Oxygen atoms act as N-type dopant and create a parasitic back channel. A solution to "educe this parasitic current is to add an intrinsic amorphous silicon film on top of the ~c-Si:H film to Jrotect the back channel. Another solution is to reduce the microcrystalline silicon de position :emperature. Regarding threshold voltage shift mechanism, we found that the main mechanism is the :harge trapping in the silicon nitride film
Nsoumbi, Michèle. "Etude des mécanismes d'inflammation d'un matériau isolant en présence d'un point chaud d'origine électrique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112346.
Full textIn the objective of prevention of severe failures leading to fire in onboard printed circuit board, the aggravation of hot spots due to an electronic component defect was experimentally modelled by creating a controlled overload on a FR4 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) track. A two-sided PCB was considered for these experiments, in which the leakage current intensity flowing through the PCB was measured. The experiments were lead until the track rupture with or without fire ignition. Leakage current was found to be a reliable parameter for monitoring the PCB temperature and state of degradation. Concurrently, thermal space and time resolved measurements were made on the PCB surfaces and on the PCB cross section surface. In addition to experiments, a 3-D finite element model was also created to simulate the trace heating; good agreement was found with experiments within the model's assumptions, up to the point of the track rupture. A detailed record of the electrical parameters synchronized to a fast camera when the track rupture identified a mechanism involving a detachment of the track near the defect according to the current/temperature runaway phenomenon. Leakage current appeared as a contributor to fire ignition by Joule effect (intensity in the A range) and was also seen to sustain the heating of the PCB despite of the track rupture, and to support fire propagation through promoting the release of flammable compounds (e. G. Hydrogen, acetylene, ethylene measured at 300°C) via substrate heating
Burignat, Stéphane. "Mécanismes de transport, courants de fuite ultra-faibles et rétention dans les mémoires non volatiles à grille flottante." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143276.
Full textDurant cette thèse, dans l'objectif d'obtenir des mesures fiables des courants SILC, nous avons mis en \oe uvre un banc de mesure très bas niveau permettant d'atteindre la résolution ($10^{-15}\,A$) des appareillages de mesures les plus performants du marché. Nous avons ensuite implémenté la technique dite "de la grille flottante" qui permet d'atteindre de façon indirecte des niveaux de courant inférieurs à $10^{-16}\,A$. À partir de nombreuses mesures expérimentales réalisées sur des oxydes tunnel de $7 - 8\,nm$ issus d'une technologie FLOTOX\ EEPROM, un modèle de conduction tunnel assisté par pièges a été développé permettant, à l'aide d'une nouvelle méthodologie, d'extraire les profils de distributions spatiale et énergétique des défauts dans l'oxyde. Le chargement stable de ces défauts permet de rendre compte de la dérive de la loi Fowler-Nordheim responsable de la fermeture de fenêtre de programmation des cellules mémoires. Le modèle développé conduit finalement à une bonne simulation des caractéristiques de conduction de l'oxyde tunnel dans tous les domaines de champ électrique et en fonction du niveau de dégradation.
Finalement, les structures à grille flottante ont été modélisées d'un point de vue dynamique. L'influence des pulses de programmation sur les différentes grandeurs électriques dans les cellules mémoire a été analysée ainsi que les cinétiques de perte de charge en fonction du courant de fuite dans l'oxyde tunnel. A partir des mesures réalisées sur des structures de test grille flottante, les temps de rétention sur cellule élémentaire ont été extrapolés.
Ruat, Marie. "Etude des mécanismes de viellissement [i. E. Vieillissement] sous contrainte électrique des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction Si/SiGeC issus de technologies BiCMOS avancées." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0157.
Full textRapid evolution in bipolar transistors architectures and materials in the past ten years led to new reliability concerns. Degradation of electrical characteristics and especially of base current was investigated under the three main known degradation modes for bipolar transistors: reverse mode, forward mode and mixed-mode. Main relevant results led to a unique behaviour after any of these three reliability stresses: the apparition of a generation recombination non-ideal excess base current, characteristic of interface traps created by hot carriers at Si/Si02 spacer and/or STI interfaces. Acceleration factors of the base current degradation with stress time and any other stress parameters were extracted in details, and led to the proposal of empirical models that should be taken into account next bipolar transistors generations qualification work. TCAD simulations and LF noise measurements before and after stress were also implemented for further understanding of bipolar transistor aging studies. Finally, the unified behaviour of degradation under any reliability stress is discussed
Conrad, Joël. "Modélisation d'un transformateur de courant à charge variable." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0171.
Full textCurrent transformers are generally connected to small impedance. If it is not the case, the flux density and the magnetizing current are not negligIble. This report deals with this case. More over the current may he non sinusoidal and its mean value May he different than zero. To take account these specificity an anaIytical model is developed. In a first time the hehavior of the assembly (current transformer and its load) with sinusoidal currents is studied. An non linear, analytical, model is developed. The importance of the leakage flux is evaluated In a second time the model is extended to any type of current' s wave form. The frequency' s variations of the magnetic characteristic are taken into account In a third time the non linearity of the magnetic material is modelised At this time the hehavior of the transformer submitted to any type of current May he computed. This report is closed by a study of magnetic characterization using a non symmetrical current
Dhahbi, Megriche Nabila. "Modélisation dynamique des décharges sur les surfaces d'isolateurs pollués sous différentes formes de tension: élaboration d'un critère analytique de propagation." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403371.
Full textPour tenir compte de l'évolution du phénomène de propagation de la décharge dans le temps, un modèle dynamique autonome est développé. Ce modèle permet de calculer la tension de contournement des isolateurs et de décrire la dynamique de l'arc en tenant compte du changement de la résistance de l'arc, du profil de l'isolateur, de la constriction des lignes de courant au pied de la décharge, de la variation du rayon de l'arc, de la vitesse instantanée de propagation de la décharge et du type d'onde de tension appliquée (continue, biexponentielle ou alternative).
Les caractéristiques obtenues à partir du modèle sont conformes aux observations et mesures effectuées en laboratoire.
Verriere, Virginie. "Analyse électrique de diélectriques SiOCH poreux pour évaluer la fiabilité des interconnexions avancées." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593515.
Full textMeghnefi, Fethi. "Étude temporelle et fréquentielle du courant de fuite des isolateurs de poste recouverts de glace en vue du développement d'un système de surveillance et de prédiction en temps réel du contournement électrique /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2007. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLa p. de t. porte en outre: Thèse présentée à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle du doctorat en ingénierie. CaQQUQ Bibliogr.: f. 235-244. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQQUQ
Bouasse, Malik. "Mise en place d’un modèle cellulaire permettant l’exploration fonctionnelle du canal ionique NALCN : caractérisation du courant de fuite induit par le canal humain NALCN et de différents mutants rencontrés dans un contexte pathologique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT026.
Full textElectrical activity of neurons is critically dependent on the presence and activity of ion channels, including the recently described “sodium-leak channel” named NALCN. In neurons, NALCN is a G protein-coupled receptor-activated channel that conducts a TTX-resistant and Cs+-resistant sodium-leak current and contributes to setting-up the resting’s membrane potential. In humans, both recessive and dominant mutations of NALCN were recently described in complex neurological disorders such as Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (INAD) and Type 2A Distal Arthrogryposis (CLIFHADD). These disorders share common symptoms such as ataxia, epileptic seizures, hypotonia, cognitive delay and developmental retardation. The functional consequences of these NALCN mutations are however not known mainly because of the lack of a reliable cellular model to achieve electrophysiological analysis of the NALCN current. In the present study, we describe the properties of recombinant NALCN channels in the neuronal cell line, NG108-15. These cells, which express the NALCN’s ancillary subunits Unc79 and Unc80, were transfected with constructs encoding NALCN (wild-type or mutants) and its NLF-1 subunit. Following transfection of the wild-type NALCN, patch-clamp recordings revealed the presence of an inward background current in differentiated cells. Importantly, transfection of the CLIFHADD mutants resulted in the expression of a significantly larger sodium-leak current, compared to cells expressing wild-type NALCN channels. On the contrary, no such current was observed in cells expressing the INAD mutant. These results strongly support the hypothesis that CLIFHADD are gain-of-function, while INAD are loss-of-function mutations. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the NG108-15 cell line is a reliable cellular model to study electrophysiological activity of wild-type and mutant NALCN channels
Chery, Emmanuel. "Fiabilité des diélectriques low-k SiOCH poreux dans les interconnexions CMOS avancées." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063862.
Full textPedroli, Francesco. "Dielectric strength and leakage current : From synthesis to processing optimization." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI014.
Full textElectro-active polymers (EAPs) such as P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) was demonstrated to be greatly promising in the field of flexible sensors and actuators. The advantages of using EAPs for smart electrical devices are due to their low cost, elastic properties, low density and ability to be manufactured into various shapes and thicknesses. In earlier years, P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer attracted many researchers due to its relaxor-ferroelectric property that exhibits high electrostriction phenomena. Although their attractiveness, this class of materials still owns two main technological limitations: low breakdown voltage and the high level of leakage current when high voltages are applied. The quadratic dependence of the strain response and mechanical energy density on the applied electric field highlights the relevance of EAP breakdown electric field, while reducing the dielectric losses. The low dielectric strength of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer turns out to be a main concern for achieving high actuation performances. Moreover, the large of electric field required to attain satisfactory levels of deformation (≥ 40 V/µm, about) inevitably lead to high level of leakage current and thus short life-time. This work demonstrates that it is possible to dramatically increase the electrical breakdown and decrease the dielectric losses by controlling processing parameters of the polymer synthesis and fabrication procedures. Enhancement of intrinsic dielectric strength is obtained by tuning the terpolymer molecular weight and by improving the purity of polymeric dissolution used for fabrication of terpolymer films. The reduction of dielectric losses, and with particular attention at the high-voltage conduction losses (or leakage current) are achieved by the introduction of a novel thermal treatment in the film fabrication process, called electro-thermal annealing
Le, Roch Alexandre. "Analyse de l’augmentation et de la fluctuation discrète du courant d’obscurité des imageurs CMOS dans les environnements radiatifs spatiaux et nucléaires." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESAE0018.
Full textInspired by the microelectronic Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, CMOS image sensors are widely used in many consumer-grade applications and are predominant in the commercial market for embedded cameras. Over the past decade,numerous technological advances allowed state-of-the-art CMOS image sensors to achieve excellent performances as well as low-power consumption. Therefore, CMOS image sensors are becoming essential candidates for a growing number of high-end applications such as space and nuclear applications. However, the behavior of these microelectronic devices inspace and nuclear radiative environments is still under understanding. Hence, studies still investigate the different mechanisms that lead to the degradation of CMOS image sensor performances including the radiation-induced dark current increase, a parasitic signal that increases with radiation doses. Among these radiation doses, the so-called displacement dose,relative to the alteration of the crystalline structure of the silicon, remains poorly studied compared to the so-called ionizing dose. In the latest CMOS image sensor technologies using pinned photodiodes, the ionizing dose is no longer the main degradation mechanism when the displacement dose is at stake. From then on, the displacement dose becomes the principal degradation mechanism that leads to the dark current increase. This work mainly focuses onthe role of the crystalline defects, created by radiation-induced displacement damage, in the CMOS image sensor dark current increase. Particular interest is given to metastable defects,which are probably the cause of discrete and random fluctuations of the dark current called : Dark Current Random Telegraph Signal (DC-RTS). This study presents a double objective :The first aims to contribute to improving knowledge of the physical principles involved in crystalline silicon when facing radiations. Particle-matter interactions, combined with the specific architecture of image sensors, aim to provide reliable tools to analyze the radiation induced defects in silicon. Observations and findings can be extended to all silicon-based devices and more generally to other semiconductor-based devices.The second seeks to identify the different mechanisms leading to CMOS image sensor dark current increase when operating in radiative environments. The study aims to identify and improve knowledge on the behavior of dark current sources aiming to optimize CMOS image sensors for future space and nuclear applications
Arnolda, Pierre. "Lacréation de défauts de déplacements atomiques dans le silicium et son impact sur les composants électroniques à applications spatiales." Toulouse, ISAE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESAE0016.
Full textAyadi, Mohamed. "Étude et modélisation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs en mode combiné cyclage/calendaire pour applications transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0092/document.
Full textThe study of the behavior of supercapacitors during ageing is required in orderto integrate them in transportation applications. The aim of this thesis is tounderstand and model ageing phenomena observed on supercapacitors. For thispurpose, electrical characterization methodologies and original experimentalprotocols combining various constraints of ageing have been implemented.Measurements of leakage current and combined ageing tests were conducted. Theobtained results were used for developing models allowing the monitoring of theevolution of supercapacitors performance during ageing
Ngo, Le Thuy. "Optimisation et réalisation d'une périphérie planar haute tension à poche." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0188.
Full textMohamed, Ahmed Aly Shaaban. "Reconstitution des courants de fuite d'un four micro-onde domestique." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT109H.
Full textErnst, Thomas. "Etude des structures MOSFET avancées sur SOI pour les applications basse consommation." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0118.
Full textCaldeira, Nabo Adelphe. "Contribution à l'estimation et à l'amélioration de la production de l'énergie photovoltaïque." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4058/document.
Full textThis study deals with the development of hardware and software tools to estimate and improve the efficiency of the PV energy conversion chain for household photovoltaic applications. We firstly proposed a new mixed 5-level inverter. This type of structure, based on the mixture of a full bridge inverter and NPC architecture, reduces the converter output voltage THD while reducing levels of leakage current induced by the PV modules. This architecture consists of a limited number of semiconductor devices with respect to a NPC structure and improves the robustness of the inverter. Several test results in reduced power validate the concept proposed. Finally, we focus on some parameters that could perturb the system and impact the energy production. It is highlighted that the impact of the convective heat transfer coefficient variation with wind speed is important. For this purpose, a flexible tool was developed to estimate the PV production. It is then possible to quantify and qualify the impact of wind speed on the photovoltaic energy production
BERNARDINI, Sandrine. "Modélisation des structures Métal-Oxyde-Semiconducteur (MOS) : Applications aux dispositifs mémoires." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007764.
Full textBouhdada, Ammar. "Analyse des transitoires de capacité et des courants de fuite dans les structures MOS." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30048.
Full textBouhdada, Ammar. "Analyse des transitoires de capacité et des courants de fuite dans les structures MOS." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376032537.
Full textVidal-Dho, Matthias. "Mécanismes de vieillissement liés à la pénétration d’humidité dans les matériaux diélectriques à faible permittivité des interconnexions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT066.
Full textOver the past decades, scaling of microelectronic chips, in particular transistors and memory cells, has allowed to increase substantially both the density of integrated circuit and integrate the umber of functions offered. Such scaling required the introduction oflow permittivity dielectrics, which are particularly sensitive to moisture pollution. This thesis details the dielectrics main properties and the consequences of moisture ingress insuch low-permittivity dielectrics, also referred as SiOC :H dielectrics. The fabrication of low-κ/copper-based interconnects is detailed. Then, the SiOC :H dielectric material is characterised to determine its chemical and molecular structure in order to understand underlying physical phenomenon leading to the material electrical performances degradation. Then, the conception and fabrication of electrical test structures required to evaluate the impact of moisture on the electrical properties and performances of integrated SiOC :H dielectric material is presented. Finally, the results of electrical characterisations carried out on these structures provide a better understanding of physical phenomenon leading to electrical performance degradation of SiOC :H dielectric material used in the semiconductor industry
Locati, Jordan. "Etude par modélisation et caractérisation d'architectures innovantes de transistors pour les circuits logiques dans un environnement mémoires non volatiles embarquées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0399.
Full textThe study conducted in this thesis consists in developing new transistor architectures used in an embedded non-volatile memory environment (e-NVM). The objective was to improve the electricals parameters of a component such as the leakage current (IOFF) and the breakdown voltage (BV) without increasing the total area or adding new steps in the manufacturing process in which the component is made. As a first step, a work has been performed to highlight the weak areas of the device. Being in a dual gate memory environment, a work on the morphology of the gate of this component allowed to improve its electricals characteristics. The second step consists in working on a new type of architecture called non-planar, whose main interest leads in a considerable reduction of the surface up to 30%. This has been possible by the realization of a trench gate, whose etching step is already present in the manufacturing process. Different variants of these devices have been studied showing interesting results with respect to the difference in surface area with the planar device. The presence of parasitic transistors "hump" has been highlighted, assisted by 3D simulation. Finally, a reliability study has been conducted on these different components, the goal being to highlight the degradation mechanisms and thus allow to give improvement axes for the development of these future components
Ghammaz, Abdelilah. "Application de l'imagerie micro-onde à la détection des courants de fuite des applicateurs ISM." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT090H.
Full textBouzidi, Jamel. "Caractérisation des courants de fuite dans les diodes contrôlées par grille sur S. O. I." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30079.
Full textDong, Quan. "HEMTs cryogéniques à faible puissance dissipée et à bas bruit." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112035.
Full textTransistors with low noise level at low frequency, low-power dissipation and operating at low temperature (≤ 4.2 K) are currently non-existent, however, they are widely required for realizing cryogenic preamplifiers which can be installed close to sensors or devices at a temperature of few tens of mK, in astrophysics, mesoscopic physics and space electronics. Research conducted over many years at LPN aims to a new generation of high-performance cryogenic HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) to meet these needs. This thesis, through the collaboration between the CNRS/LPN and the CEA/IRFU, aims for the realization of cryogenic preamplifiers for microcalorimeters at 50 mK.The work of this thesis consists of systematic characterizations of electrical and noise parameters of the HEMTs (fabricated at LPN) at low temperatures. Based on the experimental results, one of the low-frequency-noise sources in the HEMTs has been identified, i.e., the sequential tunneling part in the gate leakage current. Thanks to this result, heterostructures have been optimized to minimize the gate leakage current and the low frequency noise. During this thesis, specific methods have been developed to measure very low-gate-leakage-current values, transistor’s capacitances and the 1/f noise with a very high input impedance. Two experimental relationships have been observed, one for the 1/f noise and other for the white noise in these HEMTs at 4.2 K. Significant advances have been made, for information, the HEMTs with a gate capacitance of 92 pF and a consumption of 100 µW can reach a noise voltage of 6.3 nV/√ Hz at 1 Hz, a white noise voltage of 0.2 nV/√ Hz, and a noise current of 50 aA/√Hz at 10 Hz. Finally, a series of 400 HEMTs has been realized which fully meet the specifications required for realizing preamplifiers at CEA/IRFU. The results of this thesis will provide a solid base for a better understanding of 1/f noise and white noise in cryogenic HEMTs with the objective to improve them for various considered applications
Leomant, Sylvain. "Etude, développement et caractérisation des techniques de réduction des courants de fuite des mémoires CMOS embarquées." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0066.
Full textThe exponential increase of leakage currents is a major problem of the scaling of dimensions with CMOS technologies. The static power consumption indeed, limits the autonomy of mobile applications and increase the cooling costs of high performance applications. At the same time, the chip area occupied by memory is increasing constantly to satisfy the even larger needs of speed. This work is about the leakage current reduction in embedded CMOS memories especially SRAM. After the state of the art about leakage currents mechanisms and existing methods of reduction, the simulation study of leakage currents is presented as well as the tools for silicon characterization. From the results on both distribution and localization of leakage sources an efficient reduction scheme has been drawn. From state of tht art, the reduction methods satisfying the industrial constraints of ATMEL were compared by simulation and with silicon characterization. It appeared clearly that combined biasing of supply and ground rails is the method that fits the best the ATMEL's needs to reduce the leakage currents in SRAM bit-cells. However, these method is not so much used due to its complexity of implementation. Indeed, it is required to maintain a sufficient level of rail-to-rail voltage to ensure the data retention of memory cells. A new implementation of this method has been proposed. Simulation results with 90nm node and a comparison with state of the art solutions demonstrate the interest of the proposed structure
Latrach, Soumaya. "Optimisation et analyse des propriétés de transport électroniques dans les structures à base des matériaux AlInN/GaN." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4243.
Full textIII-N materials have made a significant gain in component performance for power electronics applications. The major potential of GaN for these applications lies in its large breakdown field resulting from its wide bandgap, high polarization field and high electronic saturation velocity. AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been, until recently, the system of choice for power electronics. The limits are known and alternatives are studied to overcome them. Thus, lattice matched InAlN/GaN heterostructures have attracted a great deal of research interest, especially for high frequency power electronic applications. The aim in this work of thesis consists in developing and in characterizing High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) to establish correlations between structural, electrical defects and technologic processes. A study will therefore be conducted on the characterization of AlGaN/GaN components to enhance the parameters of growth susceptible to have a notable impact on the structural and electrical quality of the structure, in particular on the electrical isolation of the buffer layers and the transport properties. For InAlN/GaN HEMTs, the objective is to evaluate the quality of the barrier layer. For this, a study of the influence of the thickness as well as the composition of the barrier will be conducted. The combination of these studies will allow identifying the optimum structure. Then, the analysis of Schottky contacts by measurements of current and capacity at different temperatures will allow us to identify the several conduction modes through the barrier. Finally, the effects of traps which constitute one of the fundamental limits inherent to the studied materials will be characterized by various defects spectroscopy methods
Burignat, Stéphane Plossu Carole. "Mécanismes de transport, courants de fuite ultra-faibles et rétention dans les mémoires non volatiles à grille flottante." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=burignat.
Full textOuaida, Rémy. "Vieillissement et mécanismes de dégradation sur des composants de puissance en carbure de silicium (SIC) pour des applications haute température." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10228/document.
Full textSince 2000, Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have been available on the market offering tremendous performances. This leads to really high efficiency power systems, and allows achieving significative improvements in terms of volume and weight, i.e. a better integration. Moreover, SiC devices could be used at high temperature (>200°C). However, the SiCmarket share is limited by the lack of reliability studies. This problem has yet to be solved and this is the objective of this study : aging and failure mechanisms on power devices for high temperature applications. Aging tests have been realized on SiC MOSFETs. Due to its simple drive requirement and the advantage of safe normally-Off operation, SiCMOSFET is becoming a very promising device. However, the gate oxide remains one of the major weakness of this device. Thus, in this study, the threshold voltage shift has been measured and its instability has been explained. Results demonstrate good lifetime and stable operation regarding the threshold voltage below a 300°C temperature reached using a suitable packaging. Understanding SiC MOSFET reliability issues under realistic switching conditions remains a challenge that requires investigations. A specific aging test has been developed to monitor the electrical parameters of the device. This allows to estimate the health state and predict the remaining lifetime.Moreover, the defects in the failed device have been observed by using FIB and SEM imagery. The gate leakage current appears to reflect the state of health of the component with a runaway just before the failure. This hypothesis has been validated with micrographs showing cracks in the gate. Eventually, a comparative study has been realized with the new generations of SiCMOSFET
Borowiak, Alexis. "Contribution à la compréhension du contraste lors de la caractérisation à l'échelle nanométrique des couches minces ferroélectriques par Piezoresponse Force Microscopy." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0167.
Full textPiezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) is a powerful tool for the characterization of ferroelectric materials thanks to its ability to map and control in a non destructive way domain structures in ferroelectric films. Most of the time, the ferroelectric behaviour of a film is tested by writing domains of opposite polarization with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tip and/or by performing hysteresis loops with the AFM tip as a top electrode. A given sample is declared ferroelectric when domains of opposite direction have been detected; corresponding to zones of distinct contrast on the PFM image, or when an open hysteresis loop is obtained. More prudently in certain cases, the ferroelectricity is at last attested only when the contrast is stable within several hours. But as the thickness of the films studied by PFM decrease, data become difficult to interpret. In particular, charges trapped after current injection due to leakage currents and electrochemical phenomena due to the water layer under the tip may contribute in a non-negligible way to the final contrast of PFM images. In this thesis, some PFM measurements are performed on ferroelectric PbZrTiO3, BaTiO3 thin films and BiFeO3 nanostructures. Different parameters used in PFM measurements are discussed with special attention on the buckling first harmonic PFM measurements which allow the amplification of the PFM signal. The impact of electrochemical effects on the PFM contrast are discussed and are shown experimentally. Then, the standard procedure which is used in order to show the ferroelectricity of a film is applied to a non-ferroelectric sample with apparently the same results. To do so, we use a LaAlO3, Gd2O3 and SiO2 amorphous dielectric films and apply similar voltages as for artificially written ferroelectric domains. The resulting pattern is imaged by PFM and exhibit zones of distinct PFM contrasts, stable with time, similar to the one obtained with ferroelectric samples. These results are explained and is compared with results obtained on BaTiO3 thin films prepared by Molecular Beam Epitaxy which are supposed to be ferroelectric. In order to confirm the ferroelectricity of our thin films, several macroscopic electrical techniques are introduced. The aim of this study is to establish a reliable procedure which would remove any ambiguity in the characterization of the ferroelectric nature of such samples
Ailloud-Boissonnet, Laurence. "Étude et mise au point de transistors bipolaires NPN à structure double-polysilicium intégrables dans une technologie BiCMOS 0,35 µm." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0083.
Full textYachou, Driss. "Etude des effets parasites électriques et thermiques intervenant dans le fonctionnement des transistors sur isolant (SOI)." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10035.
Full textWade, Massar. "Evaluation de condensateurs enterrés à base de composites céramique/polymère pour des applications à hautes fréquences." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0156/document.
Full textThe increasing miniaturization of electronic systems involves reducing the size of electronic components, in particular passive components (capacitors, resistors and inductors), including capacitors, large and many more. To meet this expectation, one of the options is to integrate "bury" the capacitive layers based on ceramic / polymer composites in the PCB. In a first step, several types of composite materials based on nanoparticle ceramic (BaTiO3 and BaSrTiO3) and polyester for buried capacitors are developed. Then, the permittivity ε' and the dielectric losses of the composites are measured in the ranges of frequencies between [10 kHz - 10 MHz] and [1 GHz - 5 GHz]. To integrate these components within the PCBs sometimes soft and flexible, the piezoelectric behavior of composites is evaluated. The measurement of leakage current to perform a qualitative analysis of composite materials was also made.At the level of the study of buried capacitors in the circuit board, two test structures were carried out: one mounted in parallel and the other in serial. The study is produced in two ranges of capacitors. The study is conducted on two capacitors ranges. The first case, the relative permittivity does not depend on the frequency while in the second case the frequency dependence is taken into account. For this, an original method which allows to extract the permittivity εr(f) variation in high-frequency was developed. The method is mainly based on the use of measurement results of the relative permittivity of low-frequency capacitor, and the results of resonance frequency value obtained by 3D HFSS electromagnetic simulation. Finally, to improve the operating frequency of the buried capacitors, design rules allowing understand the influence of the vias and geometry of electrodes on the resonant frequency of the structures are studied
Turier, Arnaud. "Etude, conception et caractérisation de mémoires Cmos, faible consommation, faible tension en technologies submicroniques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066543.
Full textMelato, Christine. "Les "phobosocialités" : approche psychopathologique des adolescents en attaque et fuite du lien intersubjectif." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/melato_c.
Full textThis research proposes a model for a psychopathologic comprehension of “phobosocialities” based on adolescents called “delinquents” and “inhibited”. They were received in a paediatric-psychiatric service and in educative residences ; and were taken in charge using a psychodramatic set-up. “Juvenile phobosociality” constitutes a syndrome which is manifested by symptoms (acts of attack of, or flight from the intersubjective link). These come about, in a defensive dynamic of psychic survival against a hold on the ego and a threat of psychic disintegration, linked with a persecutory object and an incorporated intruder. These acts are lead by an intricated survival drive, which means the self-conservation aspect of the death drive. The structural states and processes and the “short-circuit” of psychic functioning (tested through conflicts or tested by primal repression) in this syndrome are based on the psychic problematics of seduction, differentiation, separation and the intrication between the processes which enable symbolisation. An anaclitic relation to object is the consequence. Our viewpoint on psychodrama includes the slant it can have as a methodical grid that relates a diffracted deposit on the container-content space-time and thematic of the set-up
Serghir, Hachemi. "Contribution au développement des techniques de caractérisation électrique des matériaux et des dispositifs silicium sur isolant." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0151.
Full textJahan, Carine. "Étude des mécanismes de défaillance des diélectriques de grille minces pour les technologies CMOS avancées." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0137.
Full textJanet, Fleur. "Modélisation de dispositifs électromagnétiques hautement saturables par la méthode des moments magnétiques : application aux capteurs de courant des disjoncteurs basse tension." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00384272.
Full textLiu, Qiang. "Optimization of Epitaxial Ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 Thin-Film Capacitor Properties." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0049/document.
Full textWith the intensive use of modern microelectronic devices in numerous areas, there is an increasing demand for non-volatile memories. FeRAM (ferroelectric random access memory) is one of the most potential next-generation memories for its ultra-low power consumption and high read/write rate. Among various ferroelectrics, PZT (Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3) exhibits high remnant polarization and low coercive field, which make it a promising candidate for FeRAM.In this dissertation, PZT(52/48) layers of various thicknesses (from 33 nm to 200 nm) have been epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 substrate, with a SrRuO3 interlayer as bottom electrode, using two deposition methods for comparison: sol-gel and sputtering. Three different conductive materials (SrRuO3, Pt and ITO) have been deposited as top electrode. The objective was a detailed study of the electrical and ferroelectric properties of these MFM (metal-ferroelectric-metal) capacitors, with a particular investigation of the influence of elaboration conditions and electrode material on leakage currents and domain switching dynamics.Sputtered and sol-gel-derived PZT capacitors showed similar properties: Above a minimum workable thickness of about 100 nm for a 100 × 100 μm2 PZT capacitor, they showed low leakage current, high maximum relative permittivity (600 - 1300) and high remnant polarization (30 - 40 μC/cm2). The dominant leakage current mechanisms were identified by fitting the results, showing different contributions as a function of electric field. PFM (piezoresponse force microscopy) characterizations confirmed the existence of ferroelectric domains of opposite directions. Coercive field was found to be highly dependent on work frequency. Besides, imprint properties were found to be dependent on top electrode, annealing procedure and bottom electrode thickness
Postariu, Dragos Mihai. "Contribution à l'étude des courants de palier dans les moteurs de traction." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459803.
Full textPostariu, Dragos Mihai. "Contribution à l'étude des courants de palier dans les moteurs de traction." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10202.
Full textThe reliability of electric motors is one of the main objectives of any electric motor manufacturer. During the last 20 years, the supply of traction motors with power electronic drives has given the possibility of torque control at any rotational speed. By using these drives and the PWM control, the asynchronous motors, have become low cost and very reliable alternatives to recent past DC motors. The disadvantage of the power electronic drives is that the high dV/dt fronts are applied to the motors. These fronts excite the parasitic couplings in the motors, so that stray currents can flow trough no expectable part of the motor as bearings. With this, it has been noticed an increase in fault rate on electric motors. The aim of this work is to develop an analytical model, usable from the design stage of the motor, which predicts the type and quantity of bearing currents that are likely to occur
Scorretti, Riccardo. "Caractérisation numérique et expérimentale du champ magnétique B. F. Généré par des systèmes électrotechniques en vue de la modélisation des courants induits dans le corps humain." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/rscorret.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the developpement of models and numerical tools, to simulate the induced phenomena inside the human body, within the frequency range 50Hz-100KHz. Two main problems have to be solved : find the spatial distribution of a magnetic field generated by a power system (stray fields) ; compute the currents, which are induced by these stray fields inside the human body. Field radiated by a known system : classical numerical methods are not well adapted to this problem (they are too expansive) : we present a 3D model, which takes into account only the "essentials" of the system. Field radiated by an unknown system : we have developed several models of equivalent source, basing upon the concept of multipole. The parameters of these models are fitted from some local measurements of the flux density. Finally, we have developed a special formulation using finite elements, in order to compute the induced current density inside the human body
Pointet, John. "Elaboration et caractérisation de structures métal-isolant-métal à base de TiO2 déposé par Atomic Layer Deposition." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT089/document.
Full textThe requirements for future dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitors are summarized in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. For sub-22 nm node, performances like equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) < 0.5 nm and leakage current density < 1.10-7 A/cm² at 0.8 V are required but are difficult to meet. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an attractive dielectric material for such application regarding its high dielectric constant (k). Depending on its growth conditions, TiO2 can be prepared in amorphous, anatase or rutile phase. From the structural point of view, it is generally preferred that TiO2 remains amorphous throughout a complete technological process to minimize leakage transport along grain boundaries. However, the rutile phase exhibits very high dielectric constant ranging from 90 to 170, depending on the lattice orientation. Due to this high dielectric constant, TiO2 rutile phase is considered as a promising material for capacitors in future generations of Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs). A key issue is how to control the high leakage current of rutile phase while keeping the highest dielectric constant in order to get the best electrical performances. In this work, we investigate the growth of high dielectric constant rutile TiO2 films in Metal - Insulator - Metal (MIM) structures deposited on different substrates such as RuO2/Ru or Pt electrodes using ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition). A study of physico-chemical properties of TiO2 layer and influence of bottom electrodes on TiO2's crystalline structure is proposed. Different compositions of dielectrics are processed using flexibility of ALD deposition technique, including Al-doped TiO2 layers and pure TiO2 layers. Electrical properties in terms of leakage current or capacitance density of MIM structures embedding that kind of dielectrics and comparison between these MIM structures in terms of electrical performances is proposed in order to determine the best dielectric film composition to meet the requirements for next generation of DRAM capacitors
Jomaah, Jalal. "Propriétés électriques et modèles physiques des composants mos/soi (simox) à température ambiante et cryogénique." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0152.
Full textScorretti, Riccardo. "Caractérisation numérique et expérimentale du champ magnétique B.F. généré par des systèmes électrotechniques en vue de la modélisation des courants induits dans le corps humain." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140131.
Full textMartin, Simon. "Caractérisation électrique multi-échelle d'oxydes minces ferroélectriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI145/document.
Full textFerroelectric materials show a spontaneous dielectric polarisation even in the absence of applied electric field, which confers them interesting possibilities of applications. The reduction of the thickness of ferroelectric layers towards ultra-thin values has been necessary in view of their integration in micro and nano-electronic devices. However, the reduction of thickness has been accompanied by unwanted phenomena in thin layers such as tunneling currents and more generally leakage currents. The electrical characterization of these materials remains a challenge which aims at better understanding the physical mechanisms at play, and requires now a nanometric spatial resolution. To do so, it is thus mandatory to enhance the techniques of electrical measurement. In this work, we measure the dielectric polarisation of ferroelectric films from mesoscopic scale down to the nanometric scale using purely electric characterisation techniques (Polarisation vs Voltage, Capacitance vs Voltage, Current vs Voltage), but also electro-mechanical techniques like Piezoresponse Force Microscopy which derives from Atomic Force Microscopy. We show the limits of several classical techniques as well as the artefacts which affect electrical or electro-mechanical measurement and may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the data. In order to push the investigation further, we have developed and we describe new measurement techniques which aim at avoiding some parasitic signals. We present the first direct measurement of the remnent polarisation at the nanoscale thanks to a technique which we call « nano-PUND ». These techniques and methods are applied to a large variety of materials like Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, GaFeO3 or BaTiO3 which (for some of them), ferroelectricity has not been measured experimentally
Hammami, Saber. "Propriétés physiques et électriques de polymères électroactifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT033/document.
Full textElectroactive polymers known as dielectric elastomers have shown considerable promise for transducers. They are attractive for a wide range of innovative applications including softs robots, adaptive optics, haptic interface or biomedical actuation thanks to their high energy density and good efficiency. For the functioning of all these application, the electroactive polymer is subjected to high electrical field. Nevertheless, the performances of these transducers are affected by the losses and especially the ones induced by the leakage current.Mechanical pre-stretch is an effective method to improve actuation when a voltage is applied to the device made up of a dielectric elastomer sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The overall performances of the structure (electromechanical conversion, efficiency, strain induced…) depend strongly on the electric and mechanical properties of the elastomer. Regarding electric characteristics, dielectric permittivity, dissipation factor and electric breakdown field have been deeply investigated according to various parameters such as frequency, temperature, pre-stretch, or nature of the electrodes but complete analysis of the leakage current is missing in the scientific literature.Thus, this work reports an extensive investigation on the stability of the current-time characteristics in dielectric elastomer. Particularly, we focus on the influence of the nature of the electrodes and pre-stress applied to the transducer. In order to evaluate the influence of the time duration on the behavior of the leakage current, short and long-term electrical stress times was applied during short times and up to 15 hours.Leakage current in electroactive polymers were discussed for a commercial polyacrylate (VHB4910 from 3M) currently used for soft transducers applications. This current is investigated as a function of external factors (stretching, temperature, type of material for electrodes)In order to evaluate the limitations in term of voltage and in the goal to increase the lifetime of these transducers, the second part of our study is focused on the dielectric strength of silicone rubbers for various types of electrodes (gold, Aluminum, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene : GnP). The effect of self-healing is particularly studied and a selection of electrodes for soft transducers based on dielectric elastomers is proposed